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深圳市高级中学2024届高三年级第三阶段诊断性考试
英语学科试题
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分)
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Leather-making in Florence dates back hundreds of years to the 13th century. A look at leather craftsmen in Florence will help you know more about Italian leather.
The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI
Join a free tour of the factory and you’ll get a deep dive into the process of making a handbag. After seeing what it takes to make a bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the end. And you’ll know that if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever
The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMER
STEFANO BEMER was famous for its hand-tailored shoes. The elegant store that sells shoes that cost hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices (学徒) learn their skills: visible in the front section of the store.
The leather school—Scuola del Cuoio
Walking into the courtyard of the Scuola del Cuoio feels a little like walking onto a mini college campus. You leave the busy street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in teaching paying students the secrets of high-quality leather working.
The bookbinding (书籍装订) store——Il Torchio
Il Torchio is a beautiful bookbinding store run by Erin Ciulla. If you ask Ciulla, she might take you to see the “guillotine”, which is actually a very large, antique-looking machine that’s used to cut large amounts of paper. Beyond binding with leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.
1. What is the main reason for Pierotucci’s high price
A. The special material. B. The handmade process.
C. The high cost of the visit. D. The long history of the factory.
2. Which places provide the opportunity to learn leather-making
A. Pierotucci and Il Torchio. B. Seuola del Cuoio and Il Torchio.
C. Pierotucci and Stefano Bemer. D. Stefano Bemer and Scuola del Cuoio.
3. What can you do in the bookbinding store
A. Buy a high-quality leather bag.
B. Buy an antique-looking machine.
C. Have a photo album covered with leather.
D. Have the leather covers cut by the guillotine.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗伦萨的皮革制造商的历史，包括PIEROTUCCI、STEFANO BEMER、Scuola del Cuoio和Il Torchio等四个皮革制造商各自的特色。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI部分可知，“After seeing what it takes to make a bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the end. And you’ll know that if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever.”（在看到手工制作一个袋子需要什么之后，你不会再奇怪为什么PIEROTUCCI的价格在结尾处会有两个零。你会知道，如果你真的花了钱，这个袋子将永远存在。）可知，这个袋子贵的原因是，这是手工制作的。B项“The handmade process.”（手工制作工艺。）符合原文表述，故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMER部分的“The elegant store that sells shoes that cost hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices learn their skills: visible in the front section of the store.”（这家优雅的商店出售的鞋子价格高达数百美元，有时甚至数千美元，也是学徒们学习技能的地方：可以在商店的前面看到。）和The leather school—Scuola del Cuoio部分“You leave the busy street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in teaching paying students the secrets of high-quality leather working.”（当你进入历史建筑时，你离开繁忙的街道。这所学校专门制作独一无二的皮包，并教授付费学生高质量皮革加工的秘诀。）可知，在STEFANO BEMER和Scuola del Cuoio可以有学习皮革制作的机会。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分The bookbinding(书籍装订)store——Il Torchio的“Beyond binding with leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.”（除了用皮革封面装订外，Ciulla还用手工纸装订书籍、期刊和相册。）可知，可以获得一本用皮革覆盖的相册。C项“Have a photo album covered with leather. ”（有一本用皮革覆盖的相册。）符合原文表述。故选C项。
B
During the pandemic, Tokyo’s lively Mejji University campus stood still. My students were restricted to their homes, appearing only as small figures on my screen during Zoom lectures on human-computer interaction. I spent the days in my lab, looking for ways to pass the time.
On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings. I wondered how I could contribute during these trying times. That’s when an idea struck: why not create a device to bring the flavor of the world into people’s homes
In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated. I dissolved foods such as pizza and fries, measured how they rated, then made 10 liquid samples that each represented a taste. When copying the taste of food, it’s like following a recipe; I combined the 10 liquid samples to reflect the taste sensor’s measurements of the dissolved dish.
Taste the TV (TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.
My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He focused on his lectures. B. He was bored of his current job.
C. He cherished the memory of the past. D. He disliked the quietness of the campus.
5. Why did the author mention the practices of Japanese companies
A. To test his idea. B. To stress his effort.
C. To inform his process. D. To introduce his inspiration.
6. What does paragraph 4 say about TTTV
A. The practical uses. B. The designing plan.
C. The working principle. D. The underlying logic.
7. What will the text talk about next
A. The popularity of our product. B. The upgrade release of our creation.
C. The difficulty of our new invention. D. The common feedback of our innovation.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者发明了一种名为TTTV的东西，人们可以通过TTTV品尝到不同食物的味道，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings.(在2020年一个特别平淡无奇的日子里，我回忆起在大流行之前，东京曾经挤满了从世界各地飞来享受令人兴奋的美食的人们。但现在餐馆里空无一人，人们渴望吃到他们曾经喜欢的食物。我怀念在酒吧里喝葡萄酒，看着别人享受夜晚)”可知，作者珍惜对过去的回忆。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated.(在日本，公司使用味道传感器来监控产品的质量。这些设备测量五种基本味道的强度——咸、甜、酸、苦、鲜——并为每一种味道赋值。我突然意识到，如果味道可以被量化，也许它也可以被重新创造)”可推知，作者提到日本公司的做法是为了介绍他的灵感。故选D。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Taste the TV(TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.(2021年发布的TTTV看起来像电视屏幕，但你可以舔它。一旦观众从屏幕菜单中选择了一道菜，就会出现食物的图像，屏幕上方一个装有我的液体风味样品的设备会喷射出所选食物的味道。然后，喷雾器会在屏幕上卷上薄膜，他们甚至不用咬一片披萨就能享受披萨的味道)”可知，第四段介绍了TTTV的工作原理。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.(我的发明在全世界都很受欢迎。我和我的学生们对寻找其他挑战传统媒体享受方式的方法很感兴趣，我们知道我们想扩展TTTV)”可推知，文章接下来要讲创造的升级版本。故选B。
C
What are pillows really stuffed with Not physically, but symbolically The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC. But why Is there anything more to this delightful celebration
As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.
Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.
It’s a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaigne’s thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.
With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor that drags the world’s soul down — one that must be lightened.
8. The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that ________.
A. pillows give people satisfactory dreams
B. dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel
C people’s impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror
D. pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance
9. From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte ________.
A. wrote poems about pillows
B. regarded pillows as reflections of our minds
C. shared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillows
D. was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance
10. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means ________.
A. pillows give us comfort
B. pillows make people more intelligent
C. people with too many thoughts have less inner peace
D. people can easily fall asleep when they know nothing
11. According to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world
A. Because it is a ritual release.
B. Because it makes life delightful.
C. Because it comforts restless minds.
D. Because it contains a profound meaning of life.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际枕头大战的意义和它受欢迎的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.(作为一种文化标志，枕头看起来很柔软。至少从16世纪开始，不起眼的枕头就被赋予了意想不到的意义。中国剧作家汤显祖讲了一个著名的故事：一位智者在客栈里遇到一位抑郁的年轻书生，并送给他一个神奇的枕头，枕头里装满了看似更加充实的生活的最生动的梦想。当这个年轻人醒来，发现他50年的幸福梦想实际上在一个下午的小睡中来了又去时，我们对枕头力量的印象从惊讶变成了恐惧)”可知，以汤显祖的例子来说明，与柔软的外观形成鲜明对比的是，枕头象征性地传达了一种含义。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段句子“When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed ‘a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow’, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.(19世纪英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特富有诗意地观察到‘不安的头脑形成不安的枕头’，她不仅改变了形容词和名词的预期顺序，反而模糊了精神和物质之间的界限——休息的东西和被休息的东西)”可知，夏洛蒂·勃朗特把枕头当作我们思想的反映。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句子“ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head(无知是最柔软的枕头，一个人可以在上面休息)”中关键词ignorance可知，划线部分的含义指的是什么都不想的，无知的人很容易入睡。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind.(一年一度的国际枕头大战就像一种释放的仪式，相当于一种净化，是对日常烦恼的掸除：是对世界集体思想的清空)”可知，枕头大战日在全世界都很受欢迎因为它能安抚不安的心灵。故选C项。
D
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.
12. Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A. Your neighbour’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B. Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C. Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D. Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A. Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B. The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C. Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D. The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
14. The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. devalue B. appreciate C. respect D. abuse
15 Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B. Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C. The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D. Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为“亦敌亦友”的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.(他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为“亦敌亦友”，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。)”可知，“亦敌亦友”的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。选项B“Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.(你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。)”符合这一表述。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.(但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹。)”以及文章第五段“Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起“我完全不同意你所说的一切”，“我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好”被证明更令人沮丧。)”可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.(表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。)”可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你。划线单词上文“watch your kids”是帮助，由此可推测，划线单词的意思和“批评”相似。选项A“devalue (贬低)”；选项B“appreciate (欣赏)”；选项C“respect (尊重)”；选项D“abuse (滥用)”。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.(每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害 —— 甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系才是最有害的。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health.
Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise.
The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety.
___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___
A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise.
B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors.
C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability.
D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood.
E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain.
F. The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time.
G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option.
【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育运动对孩子学习的重要影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. (如果你认为孩子的学习成绩完全取决于学习时间，那你就大错特错了。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明好成绩是多种因素的结果。故B选项“事实上，好成绩是多种因素的结果。”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. (体育活动和健康实际上可以提高一个人的学习能力。根据一项研究，锻炼可以显著提高孩子的认知能力、健康状况和学习成绩。有规律的有氧运动可以增强海马体的功能，海马体是大脑中与学习和语言记忆有关的区域。)”以及后文“Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise .(甚至那些经常锻炼的人的前额叶皮层和内侧颞叶皮层——大脑中控制思维和记忆的部分——也比那些不锻炼的人的大脑更健康。)”可知，前后文都提到了提高记忆能力，推测本句是在说明运动对大脑其他能力的影响。故E选项“其他形式的运动，如平衡运动，确实能提高大脑的认知能力。”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“It will also reduce stress and anxiety. (它也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，本句在说明运动的好处，后文it指代D选项中getting enough exercise。故D选项“此外，足够的运动可以改善睡眠质量和情绪。”符合语境，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. (研究表明，增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果。此外，如果在一天的前半部分或中午进行体育锻炼，而不是在一天结束时进行体育锻炼，那么体育锻炼对认知的最大好处就会显现出来。)”可知，后文提到了“增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果”，F选项中increasing class time对应后文added study length。故F选项“上学期间锻炼的好处超过了增加上课时间所带来的好处。”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. (根据北卡罗来纳州最近的一项研究，每周只需一小时的锻炼就能带来巨大的变化。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出体育活动的重要性。故G选项“因此，体育活动应该被视为一个核心的教育问题，而不是一个无关紧要的选择。”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory science course about 20 years ago.
The professor ____21____ the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆),and invited the students to ____22____ how many beans the jar contained. After ____23____ shouts of wildly wrong guesses, the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the ____24____ answer, and went on saying, “You have just learned an important lesson about science. That is: Never ____25____ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the woman could guess what the professor had in mind. He ____26____ himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting ____27____ into all unknown world invisible (无形的) to the eye, which can be discovered only through scientific ____28____. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even ____29____ the invitation. She was just ____30____ to understand the world. And she believed that her firsthand experience could be the ____31____. The professor, however said that it was ____32____. He was taking away her only ____33____ for knowing and was providing her with no substitute (替代). “I remember feeling small and ____34____,” the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I ____35____ the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
21. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into
22. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch
23. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
24. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
25. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show
26. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served
27. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
28. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods
29. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse
30. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting
31. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth
32. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable
33. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection
34. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave
35. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女士回忆了20年前的第一堂科学入门课。
【21题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：教授大步走进讲堂，在他的桌子上放了一个大罐子，里面装满了干豆子，让学生们猜罐子里有多少豆子。A. searched for寻找；B. looked at看；C. got through通过；D. marched into走进。根据下文“placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(在他的桌子上放了一个大罐子，里面装满了干豆子)”可知，此处是指教授“走进”讲堂。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. count数数；B. guess猜测；C. report报告；D. watch观看。根据下文“wrong guesses”可知，此处是指让学生“猜测”罐子里有多少豆子。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词和短语辨析。句意：听完大家疯狂猜测错误的呼喊后，教授淡淡地笑了笑，宣布了正确答案，然后继续说：“你们刚刚学到了重要的科学知识。那就是：永远不要相信自己的感觉。”A. warning警告；B. giving给予；C. turning away转身离开；D. listening to听。根据空格后的shouts可知，此处是指“听了”呼喊声以后。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ready准备好的；B. possible可能的；C. correct正确的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“wrong guesses”可知，学生们猜测错误，所以此处是指宣布“正确的”答案。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lose丢失；B. trust信任；C. sharpen使锋利；D. show显示。根据上文第3题的分析可知，学生们的猜测都是错误的，所以此处是指不要“相信”自己的感觉。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许，他把自己看作是在邀请他的学生们开始一段激动人心的旅程，去探索那些用眼睛看不见的未知世界，那些只有通过科学方法才能发现的世界。A. described描述；B. respected尊敬；C. saw看到；D. served服务。分析句意再根据下文的as可知，此处用固定搭配see sb. as表示“把某人看作……”。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. voyage航行；B. movement移动；C. change改变；D. rush匆忙。根据下文“all unknown world invisible (无形的) to the eye(肉眼看不见的未知世界)”可知，此处用驶入未知世界的“航行”来比喻对未知世界的探索。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. model模型；B. senses感觉；C. spirit精神；D. methods方法。根据空格前的scientific可知，此处是指用科学的“方法”才能发现的世界。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这个17岁的女孩不能接受，甚至听不到这个邀请。A. hear听到；B. make制作；C. present呈现；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文第6题的分析可知，教授把自己看作是在邀请他的学生们一起探索未知世界，但是，这个17岁的女孩没有接受，也没有“听到”老师的邀请。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她刚刚开始了解这个世界。A. suggesting建议；B. beginning开始；C. pretending假装；D. waiting等待。根据上文“the seventeen-year-old”可知，17岁的女孩应该是“刚开始”了解这个世界。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信她的亲身经历可能就是事实。A. growth成长；B. strength力气；C. faith信念；D. truth事实。根据上文“firsthand experience”可知，此处是指亲身经历的可能就是“事实”。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，教授说这是错误的。A. firm坚定的；B. interesting有趣的；C. wrong错误的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文第3题和第4题的分析可知，教授认为这是“错误”的。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他夺走了她唯一的认知工具，也没有给她提供任何替代品。A. task任务；B. tool工具；C. success成功；D. connection连接。根据空格后的knowing可知，此处是指认知的“工具”。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我记得我觉得自己又渺小又害怕，”这位女士说，“我做了我唯一能做的事。那天下午我放弃了这门课，从那以后我就再也没有接触过科学。”A. cruel残酷的；B. proud自豪的；C. frightened受惊的，害怕的；D. brave勇敢的。根据and可知，and前后应该是并列的含义，此处均指负面影响，所以此处是指感觉自己又渺小又“害怕”。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dropped放弃；B. started开始；C. passed经过；D. missed错过、思念。根据下文“I haven’t gone near science since.(从那以后，我再也没有接触过科学)”可知，此处是指“放弃”了这门课程。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests. Often ___36___ (perceive) as a negative emotion, anger can actually be powerful ___37___ (motivate) for people to meet challenging targets in their lives. It is useful in achieving more challenging goals, ___38___ does not appear to be linked to easier tasks.The finding also suggests emotions that are often considered negative,such as anger,boredom,or sadness,can be useful.
Lead author Heather Lench, a professor at Texas A and M University, USA, stated that people often believed a state of happiness was___39___ ideal, and the majority of people regarded the pursuit of happiness as a major life goal.” The view that positive emotions are perfect for mental health and well being ___40___ (be) noticeable in psychological accounts of emotion, but many researches suggest a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, result in ___41___ (good) outcomes.” She added that the functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions ___42___ events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting that person to important situations that require actions.
In the study researchers conducted experiments___43___ (involve) more than 1,000 people, and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. The researchers found that anger increased effort towards attaining a desired goal, ___44___ (frequent) leading to greater success and the effects of anger in encouraging people to reach for and achieve their goals were specific to situations ____45____ the goals were more difficult to realize.
【答案】36. perceived
37. motivation
38. but 39. an
40. is##has been
41. better 42. to
43. involving
44. frequently
45. where
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明，生气可能有助于你实现目标。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：愤怒通常被视为一种负面情绪，但实际上它可以成为人们实现生活中具有挑战性目标的强大动力。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“anger”和动词“perceive”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填perceived。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：愤怒通常被视为一种负面情绪，但实际上它可以成为人们实现生活中具有挑战性目标的强大动力。根据空格前的形容词powerful分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式作表语。故填motivation。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：它在实现更具挑战性的目标时很有用，但似乎与更容易的任务无关。空前“It is useful in achieving more challenging goals”和空后“does not appear to be linked to easier tasks”之间存在转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该研究的主要作者、美国德克萨斯农工大学的教授Heather Lench说，人们通常认为幸福是一种理想状态，大多数人把追求幸福作为主要的生活目标。名词“ideal”意为“理想的状态、生活”时，是可数名词，可用不定冠词修饰表示泛指；ideal为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：积极的情绪对心理健康和幸福是完美的，这一观点在情绪的心理学描述中是显而易见的，但许多研究表明，包括愤怒等消极情绪在内的多种情绪会产生更好的结果。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时或现在完成时；主语为“the view”，谓语动词用单数。故填is或has been。
【41题详解】
考查比较级。句意：积极的情绪对心理健康和幸福是完美的，这一观点在情绪的心理学描述中是显而易见的，但许多研究表明，包括愤怒等消极情绪在内的多种情绪会产生更好的结果。根据上文“Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests.”可知，愤怒会帮助我们实现目标，也就是说，愤怒的清醒会产生更好的结果，用比较级形式。故填better。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：她补充说，情感的功能主义理论表明，所有的情绪，无论是好是坏，都是对一个人所处环境中的事件的反应，其目的是提醒这个人注意需要采取行动的重要情况。名词“reaction”和介词“to”搭配，构成短语：one’s reaction to，意为“对……的反应”，符合句意。故填to。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员进行了涉及1000多人的实验，并分析了1400多名受访者的调查数据。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“experiments”和动词“involve”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填involving。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究人员发现，愤怒会增加人们为达到预期目标所付出的努力，往往会带来更大的成功，而愤怒在鼓励人们追求和实现目标方面的效果，只适用于那些目标更难实现的情况。修饰动词短语“lead to”用副词形式。故填frequently。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员发现，愤怒会增加人们为达到预期目标所付出的努力，往往会带来更大的成功，而愤怒在鼓励人们追求和实现目标方面的效果，只适用于那些目标更难实现的情况。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“situations”，在定语从句中担当虚拟性地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
46. 假设你是校学生会主席李华，下周是你校的体育周。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍体育周的活动内容，并邀请他参加其中一项运动。内容包括：1．介绍体育周；2．发出邀请。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Aiming to enhance our awarenss of participating in sports, our school will hold “Sports Week”. I’m writing to inform you of some related details and extend a sincere invitation to you.
The event is scheduled to be held next week on the playground. During this event, you will be introduced various sports events ranging from ball games to traditional Chinese sports, such as martial arts, Tai Chi as well as rope skipping. Knowing that you are an enthusiast of sports, I would like to invite you to join in rope skipping to show your talent and learn more about this traditional Chinese sport.
Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍学校体育周的活动内容，并邀请他参加其中一项运动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高：enhance→boost/strengthen
举办：hold→host
各种各样的：various→a variety of
参加：join in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Aiming to enhance our awarenss of participating in sports, our school will hold “Sports Week”.
拓展句：Our school will hold “Sports Week”, which aims to enhance our awarenss of participating in sports.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Aiming to enhance our awarenss of participating in sports, our school will hold “Sports Week”. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Knowing that you are an enthusiast of sports, I would like to invite you to join in rope skipping to show your talent and learn more about this traditional Chinese sport. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Marco stared at the blank canvas (油画布) spreading out before him, its stark whiteness almost laughing at his sudden lack of inspiration. He was in his final year of high school, and his art portfolio (画集) was fast approaching its due date in a week. This canvas was meant to be his masterpiece, the crown jewel of his collection, but all his ideas seemed to escape the moment he stood before it. “What’s wrong with me What should I do ” Marco murmured to himself.
Having grown up in the bustling city of New York, Marco had always found beauty in the chaos. The harshness of roaring cars, the colorful palette of street art, the symphony of diverse tongues and the odd behaviors of the passengers-all served as inspirations for his art. Yet, now, when it mattered most, he found himself lost.
Upset and distressed, Macro walked out, longing to run across something unexpected. Unaware of the duration of his wandering through the streets of the city, Marco chanced upon a small, hidden park he had never noticed before. It was a pocket of quiet amid the urban uproar, which attracted Marco immediately. An old man sat on a bench, feeding pigeons that flocked around him in a dance of fluttering wings.
The old man noticed Marco’s thoughtful gaze and gestured him over. They struck up a conversation aimlessly as if they had been old friends for a long time. In their talk, everything was full of interest from life to art. At last Marco confided (倾诉) his artistic block to the old man. The old man listened intently before offering a piece of wisdom. And then, the old man stood up slowly and patted Marco’s shoulder softly. “Sometimes, the best inspiration comes from the places we least expect. Look beyond what you see.” The gentleman said in all earnestness.
要求:
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Marco returned to his canvas.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The time presenting his portfolio came soon.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The next day, Marco returned to his canvas. This time, he closed his eyes and let his mind wander to the park, to the old man, and to the conversation they had. He thought about the peace and calm within the chaos of his city and the unseen stories of the people who lived there. With a deep breath. Marco began to paint, not what he saw, but what he felt. He painted the serenity of the park, the wisdom in the old man's eyes, and the dance of the pigeons. He painted the soul of the city, not its appearance.
The time presenting his portfolio came soon. With no doubt, Marco's final piece was met with awe. It was more than just a painting; it was a narrative, a piece of his heart, a glimpse into the unseen beauty of the world around him. Just like the old man's words:“Inspiration is everywhere, in every moment, in every encounter. We just need to open our hearts to it.”Marco learned to look beyond the surface and see the unseen canvas that the world offered. He found his true voice as an artist.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Marco在艺术上陷入了困境。Marco又沮丧又苦恼。他来到了以前从未注意过的隐蔽的小公园。与一位在公园喂鸽子的老人闲聊了起来。在他们的谈话中，从生活到艺术，一切都充满了兴趣。“有时候，最好的灵感来自于我们最意想不到的地方。要超越你所看到的。”那位先生非常认真地对Marco说。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，Marco又回到他的画布前。”可知，第一段可描写Marco调整自己的思绪以及在小公园的见闻开始作画。
②由第二段首句内容“展示Marco的作品集的时间很快就到了。”可知，第二段可描写Marco成功完成了作品，找到了自己真正的声音。
2. 续写线索：——思绪漫游到公园——开始画画——绘画完成——找到自己的声音。
3 词汇激活
行为类
开始：begin/start
提供：offer/provide
遇到：meet/encounter
情绪类
真正的：true/real
【点睛】[高分句型1] Marco learned to look beyond the surface and see the unseen canvas that the world offered.(that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] He thought about the peace and calm within the chaos of his city and the unseen stories of the people who lived there.(who引导的限制性定语从句)深圳市高级中学2024届高三年级第三阶段诊断性考试
英语学科试题
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分)
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Leather-making in Florence dates back hundreds of years to the 13th century. A look at leather craftsmen in Florence will help you know more about Italian leather.
The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI
Join a free tour of the factory and you’ll get a deep dive into the process of making a handbag. After seeing what it takes to make a bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the end. And you’ll know that if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever
The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMER
STEFANO BEMER was famous for its hand-tailored shoes. The elegant store that sells shoes that cost hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices (学徒) learn their skills: visible in the front section of the store.
The leather school—Scuola del Cuoio
Walking into the courtyard of the Scuola del Cuoio feels a little like walking onto a mini college campus. You leave the busy street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in teaching paying students the secrets of high-quality leather working.
The bookbinding (书籍装订) store——Il Torchio
Il Torchio is a beautiful bookbinding store run by Erin Ciulla. If you ask Ciulla, she might take you to see the “guillotine”, which is actually a very large, antique-looking machine that’s used to cut large amounts of paper. Beyond binding with leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.
1. What is the main reason for Pierotucci’s high price
A. The special material. B. The handmade process.
C. The high cost of the visit. D. The long history of the factory.
2. Which places provide the opportunity to learn leather-making
A. Pierotucci and Il Torchio. B. Seuola del Cuoio and Il Torchio.
C. Pierotucci and Stefano Bemer. D. Stefano Bemer and Scuola del Cuoio.
3. What can you do in the bookbinding store
A. Buy a high-quality leather bag.
B. Buy an antique-looking machine.
C. Have a photo album covered with leather.
D. Have the leather covers cut by the guillotine.
B
During the pandemic, Tokyo’s lively Mejji University campus stood still. My students were restricted to their homes, appearing only as small figures on my screen during Zoom lectures on human-computer interaction. I spent the days in my lab, looking for ways to pass the time.
On a particularly bland day in 2020, I was recalling about how, before the pandemic, Tokyo used to be packed with people who had flown across the world to enjoy the exciting food scene. But now restaurants were empty and people longed for foods they once relished. I missed drinking wine in a bar, watching others enjoying their evenings. I wondered how I could contribute during these trying times. That’s when an idea struck: why not create a device to bring the flavor of the world into people’s homes
In Japan, companies use taste sensors to monitor the quality of products. These devices measure the strength of the five basic tastes — salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami — and assign each a value. It dawned on me that if taste could be quantified, perhaps it could also be recreated. I dissolved foods such as pizza and fries, measured how they rated, then made 10 liquid samples that each represented a taste. When copying the taste of food, it’s like following a recipe; I combined the 10 liquid samples to reflect the taste sensor’s measurements of the dissolved dish.
Taste the TV (TTTV), released in 2021, looks like a television screen — but you can lick it. Once the viewer selects a dish from the screen menu, an image of the food will appear, and above the screen a device containing my liquid flavor samples will spray in a combination that creates the taste of the chosen food. The spray then rolls films over the screen, and they can enjoy the taste of pizza without even biting into a slice.
My invention was received pretty well worldwide. My students and I would be interested in finding how else to challenge traditional ways of enjoying media, and we knew we wanted to expand on TTTV.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A. He focused on his lectures. B. He was bored of his current job.
C. He cherished the memory of the past. D. He disliked the quietness of the campus.
5. Why did the author mention the practices of Japanese companies
A. To test his idea. B. To stress his effort.
C. To inform his process. D. To introduce his inspiration.
6. What does paragraph 4 say about TTTV
A. The practical uses. B. The designing plan.
C. The working principle. D. The underlying logic.
7. What will the text talk about next
A. The popularity of our product. B. The upgrade release of our creation.
C. The difficulty of our new invention. D. The common feedback of our innovation.
C
What are pillows really stuffed with Not physically but symbolically The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC. But why Is there anything more to this delightful celebration
As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow has been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that his happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoon’s nap, our impression of the pillow’s power shifts from wonder to terror.
Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didn’t just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter — the thing resting and the thing rested upon.
It’s a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaigne’s thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.
With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attraction of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the world’s collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor that drags the world’s soul down — one that must be lightened.
8. The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that ________.
A. pillows give people satisfactory dreams
B. dreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruel
C. people’s impression of pillows changes from wonder to terror
D. pillows symbolically convey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance
9. From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte ________.
A. wrote poems about pillows
B. regarded pillows as reflections of our minds
C. shared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillows
D. was likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissance
10. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means ________.
A. pillows give us comfort
B. pillows make people more intelligent
C. people with too many thoughts have less inner peace
D. people can easily fall asleep when they know nothing
11. According to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world
A. Because it is a ritual release.
B. Because it makes life delightful.
C. Because it comforts restless minds.
D. Because it contains a profound meaning of life.
D
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.
12. Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A. Your neighbour’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B. Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C. Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D. Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A. Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B. The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C. Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D. The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
14. The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. devalue B. appreciate C. respect D. abuse
15. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B. Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D. Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health.
Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise.
The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety.
___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___
A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise.
B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors.
C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability.
D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood.
E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain.
F. The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time.
G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory science course about 20 years ago.
The professor ____21____ the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆),and invited the students to ____22____ how many beans the jar contained. After ____23____ shouts of wildly wrong guesses, the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the ____24____ answer, and went on saying, “You have just learned an important lesson about science. That is: Never ____25____ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the woman could guess what the professor had in mind. He ____26____ himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting ____27____ into all unknown world invisible (无形的) to the eye, which can be discovered only through scientific ____28____. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even ____29____ the invitation. She was just ____30____ to understand the world. And she believed that her firsthand experience could be the ____31____. The professor, however said that it was ____32____. He was taking away her only ____33____ for knowing and was providing her with no substitute (替代). “I remember feeling small and ____34____,” the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I ____35____ the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
21. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into
22 A. count B. guess C. report D. watch
23. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
24. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
25. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show
26. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served
27. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
28. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods
29. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse
30 A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting
31. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth
32. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable
33. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection
34. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave
35. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Getting angry could help you achieve your goals, a new research suggests. Often ___36___ (perceive) as a negative emotion, anger can actually be powerful ___37___ (motivate) for people to meet challenging targets in their lives. It is useful in achieving more challenging goals, ___38___ does not appear to be linked to easier tasks.The finding also suggests emotions that are often considered negative,such as anger,boredom,or sadness,can be useful.
Lead author Heather Lench, a professor at Texas A and M University, USA, stated that people often believed a state of happiness was___39___ ideal, and the majority of people regarded the pursuit of happiness as a major life goal.” The view that positive emotions are perfect for mental health and well being ___40___ (be) noticeable in psychological accounts of emotion, but many researches suggest a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, result in ___41___ (good) outcomes.” She added that the functionalist theory of emotion suggests that all emotions, good or bad, are reactions ___42___ events within a person’s environment and serve the purpose of alerting that person to important situations that require actions.
In the study researchers conducted experiments___43___ (involve) more than 1,000 people, and analyzed survey data from more than 1,400 respondents. The researchers found that anger increased effort towards attaining a desired goal, ___44___ (frequent) leading to greater success and the effects of anger in encouraging people to reach for and achieve their goals were specific to situations ____45____ the goals were more difficult to realize.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
46. 假设你是校学生会主席李华，下周是你校的体育周。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，介绍体育周的活动内容，并邀请他参加其中一项运动。内容包括：1．介绍体育周；2．发出邀请。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Marco stared at the blank canvas (油画布) spreading out before him, its stark whiteness almost laughing at his sudden lack of inspiration. He was in his final year of high school, and his art portfolio (画集) was fast approaching its due date in a week. This canvas was meant to be his masterpiece, the crown jewel of his collection, but all his ideas seemed to escape the moment he stood before it. “What’s wrong with me What should I do ” Marco murmured to himself.
Having grown up in the bustling city of New York, Marco had always found beauty in the chaos. The harshness of roaring cars, the colorful palette of street art, the symphony of diverse tongues and the odd behaviors of the passengers-all served as inspirations for his art. Yet, now, when it mattered most, he found himself lost.
Upset and distressed, Macro walked out, longing to run across something unexpected. Unaware of the duration of his wandering through the streets of the city, Marco chanced upon a small, hidden park he had never noticed before. It was a pocket of quiet amid the urban uproar, which attracted Marco immediately. An old man sat on a bench, feeding pigeons that flocked around him in a dance of fluttering wings.
The old man noticed Marco’s thoughtful gaze and gestured him over. They struck up a conversation aimlessly as if they had been old friends for a long time. In their talk, everything was full of interest from life to art. At last Marco confided (倾诉) his artistic block to the old man. The old man listened intently before offering a piece of wisdom. And then, the old man stood up slowly and patted Marco’s shoulder softly. “Sometimes, the best inspiration comes from the places we least expect. Look beyond what you see.” The gentleman said in all earnestness.
要求:
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Marco returned to his canvas.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The time presenting his portfolio came soon.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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