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专题06 阅读理解说明文（题型解读+期末真题过关）
【题型解读】
一. 说明文文体特征：
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
二. 阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：
A. 说明的对象
B. 说明对象的特征
C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）
三. 解题技巧：
首先，通过观察首、尾段，抓关键句及归纳总结段落大意来确定文章说明对象、
其次，通过篇章、段落之间和句子之间的逻辑关系分析问题产生的原因以及针对问题提出的建议。
最后，通过作者的观点、建议、目的或者解决方案作为结论总结全文。
【期末真题专题过关】
As the weather gets warmer, some mosquitoes(蚊子) start to appear. You may have noticed that they prefer to bite some people. A new study has found that mosquitoes even prefer some colors! In this study, scientists showed some clothes to mosquitoes. These clothes have different colors. Most of the mosquitoes flew to the black and red-orange clothes.
Why did the mosquitoes choose these colors According to the scientists, black is darker than other colors. Most mosquitoes prefer to live in the shadow(暗处) because they die easily from losing water. The lighter colors like white and pink reflect(反射) light and heat better. These colors mean danger for mosquitoes. However, darker colors are more like shadows and are safer for mosquitoes. If you’re going into an area with lots of mosquitoes, you’d better wear light-colored clothing!
And what about red and orange Scientists say that human skin looks red-orange to mosquitoes’ eyes. These two colors may help mosquitoes find the person they want to bite. Besides the color of the clothes they wear, higher body temperature, the smell of sweat are the reasons why mosquitoes prefer these people.
1．What has the study found about mosquitoes
A．They appear in warm weather.
B．They only bite some people.
C．They prefer some colors.
D．They live in the shadow.
2．According to the study, why do mosquitoes choose dark color
A．Because dark colors are more like shadows.
B．Because dark colors make them feel warm.
C．Because dark colors keep them from losing water.
D．Because dark colors can reflect light and heat better.
3．Why did mosquitoes like red and orange
A．Because red and orange are dark colors.
B．Because red and orange are eye-catching.
C．Because red and orange make them feel safe.
D．Because red and orange are close to the color of human skin.
4．How many reasons of mosquitoes preferring some people are mentioned
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
5．From which part of the newspaper can you read this article
A．History. B．Fashion. C．Nature. D．Sports.
Different countries have different customs. When you travel to other countries, please follow their customs, just as the saying goes, “_________”.
Very often people who travel to the United States forget to tip. It is usual to tip porters who help carry your bags, taxi drivers and waiters. Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the cost of your meal. Taxi drivers expect about the same amount.
In England, make sure to stand in line even if there are only two of you. It’s important to respect lines there. It’s a good idea to talk about the weather. It’s a favourite topic of conversation with the British.
In Spain, it’s a good idea to have a light meal in the afternoon if someone invites you for dinner. People have dinner very late, and restaurants do not generally open until after 9 p.m.
In Arab countries, men kiss one another on the cheek. Your host may welcome you with a kiss on both cheeks. It is polite of you to do the same.
In Japan, people usually give personal or business cards to each other when they meet for the first time. When a person gives you a card, don’t put it into your pocket right away. The person expects you to read it.
Don’t forget to be careful of your body language to express something in conversation. A kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another.
6．What can the missing sentence possibly be in Paragraph 1
A．Love me, love my dog.
B．He who laughs last laughs best.
C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
7．In the United States, what do waiters expect after a customer pays the meal
A．To help the customer carry the bags.
B．To get 15% tip on the cost of the meal.
C．To travel around the United States.
D．To chat with the customer about the trip.
8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．In England, weather is a hot topic.
B．In Spain, people have dinner early.
C．Arabians greet by kissing on the hand.
D．Japanese don’t like reading name cards.
9．What is the writer’s idea about body language
A．Impolite in conversation. B．Difficult to understand.
C．Acceptable everywhere. D．Different in culture groups.
10．Which can be the best title for this passage
A．How to Tip. B．Different Countries
C．When to Have Dinner D．Advice to International Travelers
The Chinese-published(出版)English newspapers are windows through which foreigners can know more about the fast developing China.
China Daily is an English newspaper, introducing China’s policies and development, and reporting news from home and abroad. This paper is liked by both foreigners and Chinese learners of English. The Sunday edition(版面)Business Weekly gives more information about China’s economic development, its joint ventures(合资)with foreign companies, money and trade matters. Business Weekly also helps to look for foreign money supporting Chinese projects.
21st Century is more for the home readers, especially for English fans, college students and others interested in the English language. There are some special columns that interest people. For example, if you have some difficulties and need help, you can write to Dear Tracy, who will give you help in the paper. Your problems may be about your study, friendship, family, love and even life.
Beijing Weekend is another newspaper, liked by foreigners working in Beijing, as it is their favourite, complete guide to what’s happening around the town over the next seven days. If they want to dine out they will find many places to go. They may choose between different styles of Chinese food and foreign food. There are also articles about Chinese traditional arts. In Going on section, concerts, art exhibition, drama, opera, dance, movies are all listed. It is a good guide for your weekend activities.
11．How many Chinese-published English newspaper are mentioned in this passage
A．Six. B．Five. C．Four. D．Three.
12．According to the passage, news from home and abroad is mainly reported in _________.
A．China Daily B．21st Century
C．Business Weekly D．Beijing Weekend
13．_________ is mainly for home readers.
A．Beijing Weekend B．Business Weekly
C．2Ist Century D．China Daily
14．Foreigners in Beijing like to read _________ best.
A．China Daily B．Beijing Weekend
C．Learning English D．21st Century
15．Business Weekly is the Sunday edition of _________.
A．Business Weekly B．Beijing Weekend
C．China Daily D．21st Century
Recently videos of a man dancing have become popular online. He is Ma Jiaolong, a Chinese dancer. Ma has nearly 5 million followers on Douyin, a short-video platform (平台) in China. “I was surprised because I didn’t think that the videos would go viral.” says the 35-year-old dancer.
Ma began teaching Chinese classical (古典的) dance at Goldsmiths, University of London, three years ago. He started making videos when his teaching job was affected (受影响) by COVID-19. Like many other teachers, Ma had to give online classes. Besides teaching, he trained at home for at least two hours a day. However, Ma couldn’t make big moves because his home was small. One day, Ma and his wife went to a supermarket and passed Greenwich Park. Ma’s wife said to him, “Why not do some dance moves here that you couldn’t do at home ” Then Ma jumped off the ground and did a dance move, which was filmed by his wife on her phone.
“Back home, I sent the video to my friends. To my surprise, they loved it, and I decided to share it online,” says Ma. Later, he made more short videos and put them online.
After Ma’s videos got popular, he got lots of messages from people around the world. “Now, making and sharing short videos has become a part of my life. Most importantly, it’s a great way to show Chinese classical dance to more people.” says Ma. “It’s always been my dream to offer people worldwide a chance to understand traditional Chinese culture.” Ma says.
16．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “go viral”
A．become popular B．get ill
C．become important D．get wrong
17．What do we know from Paragraph 2
A．Ma lost his job because of COVID-19.
B．Ma teaches Chinese classical dance in China.
C．Ma’s wife filmed his first video with her phone.
D．Ma had to train students at home for two hours a day.
18．What is the correct order according to the passage
a. Ma’s videos got popular.
b. Ma sent a video to his friends.
c. Ma began to give classes online.
d. Ma got messages from people around the world.
A．c-b-d-a. B．c-b-a-d. C．b-a-c-d. D．b-a-d-c.
19．Why does Ma keep making short videos
A．Making and sharing videos can make him live a busy and rich life.
B．He wants people worldwide to understand Chinese classical dance.
C．Sharing videos gives him a chance to know about different cultures.
D．He wants to help people around the world learn about Chinese history.
20．What is the passage mainly about
A．How a Chinese dancer lives in London.
B．How a Chinese dancer became famous in the world.
C．How a Chinese dancer helps people worldwide see China online.
D．How a Chinese dancer helps people worldwide know about Chinese culture.
California is one of the richest states (州) in America. It is the third largest state in the United States in area, after Alaska and Texas. And California also has more people than any other state in the United States. Besides, it has lots of natural resources(资源). But not everything is perfect there. California has two important problems: earthquakes(地震) and forest fires.
The San Andreas Fault(断层) runs through California. As a result of it, the state gets many earthquakes. Some of the earthquakes are very strong. For example, there was a strong earthquake in San Francisco in 1906. Many buildings fell down. And the earthquake made a large number of fires happen. Up to 3,000 people died in it. There have also been many other strong earthquakes. Some people are afraid that a “big one” will hit the state someday. They think an earthquake will bring a huge number of problems.
During summer and autumn, much of California is dry. So forest fires or wildfires often start. Those fires can spread quickly and burn many forests. What’s worse, they also burn people’s homes. They often kill people before firefighters can put them out.
21．Which has the largest population(人口) in America
A．Alaska. B．California. C．Texas. D．Washington.
22．What are the main problems of California
A．Population and resources. B．Traffic and pollution.
C．Education and climate(气候). D．Earthquakes and forest fires.
23．What does the underlined word “one” refer to
A．Fire. B．Problem. C．Earthquake. D．Fault.
24．Which is WRONG according to the passage
A．California is rich in natural resources.
B．It’s dry in much of California in summer and autumn.
C．The forest fires only happen in winter in California.
D．The earthquake in San Francisco in 1906 killed up to 3,000 people.
25．Why did the writer write this passage
A．To tell us two important problems in California.
B．To show the writer’s love for California.
C．To introduce different states in America.
D．To advise us to visit California in spring.
True friends may be hard to find. Here are some ways to help you find them.
·Be friendly to others, especially those whom you want to be friends with. Your actions should show that you are a true friend.
·Communicate(交流) with your friends often. There are several ways to communicate, such as giving calls, writing letters and sending emails.
·Find friends with some similar(相似的) interests. Having some things in common(共同的) gives you both something to share and enjoy doing together.
·Accept your friends for who they are and respect(尊重) them. When they make some mistakes(错误), you shouldn’t make jokes of the mistakes. True friends don’t talk badly about each other or try to change each other.
·Learn the differences between good friends and bad friends. Good friends are there for you when you need them. They are always honest and never hurt you. Bad friends may never be there for you when you need them. They may often cheat(欺骗) you or hurt you. Once you make sure of the differences, decide which friends you really want and which ones you’d better stay away from. Then true friends are around you.
26．How many ways of making true friends are mentioned(被提到) in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
27．What should you do if you want to have true friends
A．Show that you are not friendly.
B．Try to find someone who has different hobbies from yours.
C．Often make jokes of your friends’ mistakes.
D．Always communicate with your friends.
28．Which person of the following may be your true friend
A．Mary who helps you with your Math.
B．Eric who never helps you.
C．Lisa who tries to change you in some ways.
D．Jack who often says bad words about you.
29．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Communicating with your friends is important.
B．We can get a lot of help from our true friends.
C．It’s impossible for us to make true friends in life.
D．True friends always respect us and never hurt us.
30．The passage mainly wants to tell us __________.
A．why we should make true friends
B．how we can find true friends
C．where we can make true friends
D．when we should make new friends
A colorful balcony(阳台) with fresh vegetables and fruits has turned into a common sight this year. Shanghai, Beijing, and Dongguan are among the top five cities for vegetable growers, who are mainly in their 20s and 30s. Coriander, chives, chili peppers and tomatoes are the most popular choices.
In the first three months this year, sales of vegetable seeds online doubled. Lu Zhipeng, who heads Tmall’s flower department, said balcony gardening is now worth(值) tens of billions of yuan.
In fact, growing vegetables in balcony gardens is more than just an achievement. It is becoming a lifestyle.
Zhang Min, a twenty-year-old girl, only spent a little money on seed packages, soil and flowerpots to build a “farm” on her 6-square-meter balcony. “I feel like young people growing vegetables on balconies is as popular as square dancing is for our parents.” Zhang said. She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden, and she adds them to her dishes when cooking.
For teenagers, balcony gardening is a way to enjoy nature. Especially when they live far away from real fields. And by taking care of vegetables, they learn to respect lives.
31．What do people do on their balcony according to paragraph 1
A．They grow vegetables and fruits. B．They sell vegetable seeds.
C．They do some reading. D．They plant flowers.
32．What does Zhang Min think of balcony gardening
A．Popular. B．Expensive. C．Meaningless. D．Educational.
33．What does Zhang Min like to grow on her balcony
A．Coriander, chives and tomatoes. B．Chilli pepper, tomatoes and chives.
C．Chilli pepper, chives and coriander. D．Tomatoes, red pepper and coriander.
34．What does the underlined word “harvested” mean
A．Sold. B．Bought. C．Collected. D．Watered.
35．What is the best title for this passage
A．Popular vegetable seeds.
B．Balcony gardening for children.
C．Top five cities for vegetable growers.
D．A new lifestyle—balcony gardening.
Body image, the way people feel about their looks, is a big problem for many young people today. According to a study, more than half the teenage girls in the USA think they should be on a diet and almost one in five teenage boys are worried about their bodies and their weight. It seems that they don’t care about their health so much.
But what causes this problem In the study, many blame the media. Turn on the TV and you’ll always see beautiful models, handsome actors and fit sports stars. Open a magazine or a newspaper, look through the Internet, and it’s usually the same.
In the USA, the average woman is 163 cm tall and weighs 64 kilos, but the average model is 180 cm tall and weighs 53 kilos. Many young people feel pressure to look like these “perfect” people. But for most, this is just not possible so they begin to become less confident. As a result, some stop eating healthily in order to lose weight. Students who lose so much confidence used to take part in classroom activities at school, but they don’t now.
Is there a solution to the problem In 2019, a study in the UK advised that body image lessons should be provided in schools. Others believe it’s a problem that all of society needs to deal with. As Meaghan Ramsey says, “We need to judge（评判）people by what they do, not what they look like.”
36．What does the study on teenagers show us
A．More than 50% of young girls want to eat healthily.
B．Most of the teenage boys do sports to keep fit.
C．Teenagers care too much about their appearance.
D．Teenagers spend too much time on bodybuilding.
37．According to the study, what are likely to cause the problem
A．Social medias. B．Models and parents.
C．Activities at schools. D．Teenagers’ health problem.
38．According to the passage, why do those young people choose to take a diet
A．To save money. B．To reduce pressure.
C．To lose weight. D．To become pop stars.
39．What suggestion is given by the UK experts
A．Have more classroom activities.
B．Provide image lessons at schools.
C．Keep away from “perfect” people.
D．Invite Meaghan Ramsey to teach.
40．What is Meaghan Romsey’s point of view
A．Good behaviors are more important than good looking.
B．Good looking can help young people build their careers.
C．Teenagers should follow their hearts and do what they like.
D．All of society should take actions to deal with this problem.
The giant panda is an animal popular with people all over the world. With their black and white fur and soft round bodies, they are loved by the old and young. Do you love them If you do, why not join in a panda volunteer programme Here are some tips for you if you want to be a volunteer of the programme.
Book Early
If you don’t book early, the programme may become fully booked. Some volunteer programme limit (限制) the number of the volunteers. We suggest booking at least one week in advance.
Follow the Instructions
Giant pandas lead a very different life. Sometimes, it is very hard for them to stand outside influences. We’d better not disturb their peaceful life, so some of the activities might be changed or cancelled.
Please do not make any noise or movements that might disturb the pandas.
Please do not get close to the pandas or throw food to them, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so. It might disturb the pandas’ eating habits and cause them to become sick.
For your safety, do not get into the cage, touch the adult pandas, or let them touch you, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so.
Do not take photos or videos unless it’s allowed
Dress Code
To protect yourself when carrying bamboo, please do no wear shorts or slippery (滑的) shoes. Also, pandas have a very keen (敏锐的) sense of smell. As you will get very close to them, please do not wear perfume (香水) or nail polish.
41．.If you don’t book the programme early, what may happen
A．The programme will be changed.
B．The programme will be cancelled.
C．The programme will become fully booked.
D．The programme will be put of.
42．How long does the writer suggest booking in advance
A．At least one week. B．At least two weeks.
C．At least three weeks. D．At least four weeks.
43．Why are you advised not to wear shorts or slippery shoes when carrying bamboo
A．To protect pandas. B．To protect bamboo.
C．To protect yourself. D．To protect others.
44．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Do not make any noise that might disturb the pandas.
B．You can throw food to the pandas freely if you like.
C．Do not get into the cage without being told to do so.
D．Do not take photos or videos unless it’s allowed.
45．Who may be interested in this passage
A．A peace lover. B．A panda lover.
C．A music lover. D．A panda keeper.
①In December 2021, people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps. The government (政府) said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever.
②Some other cities in the southern part of China, like Chengdu and Guangzhou, are also becoming “thirsty”, the Paper pared (相比) with northern areas, southern areas have more rain and are close to more rivers and lakes. So why are they still short on water
③In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast. As a result, people and factories need more and more water. Each person in Shenzhen has about only 200 cubic meters of water each year. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average (平均水平). According to the United Nations, it is an“absolute (绝对的) water shortage" when the number is below 500 cubic meters.
④Climate change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on (依赖于) the Dongjiang River as their main source (来源) of water. In 2021, the river was reported to be drying up. Because of climate change, there’s also less snow in the mountains of Tibet. The snow has long been the source of water for many areas in China. Those mountains might provide less water in the future.
⑤There are other reasons for water shortages. For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. Factories and farms don’t use water efficiently (有效地). Some cities have enough rainfall, but don’t have big lakes or reservoirs to store water. The water just goes into the sea.
46．What does the underlined word “shortage” mean in the FIRST paragraph
A．having too much B．not having enough
C．being too small D．being too dirty
47．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the cause of water shortage
A．Growing populations B．Cutting down forests
C．Climate change D．Water pollution
48．Which of the following pictures best shows the structure (结构)of the passage
A． B． C． D．
49．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．Dongjiang river was drying up because of growing populations in Guangdong province.
B．The average water resources for each person every year in China is around 2400 cubic meters.
C．Big southern cities are short of water because it rains less there and they are far away from rivers.
D．Water in big lakes and reservoirs usually goes into the sea without being stored and used.
50．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To talk about terrible results of water shortage.
B．To call on people to protect water resources.
C．To blame (责怪) people for causing water shortage in China.
D．To present some causes of water shortage in China.
“Whaaaat’s uppppp ” Have you ever seen anyone write like this Now more and more kids like using these kinds of words in text messages and online posts. These kinds of words are called stretchable (可拉伸的) words.
Younger people especially like using stretchable words because they sound playful and fun. They can allow you to communicate strong feelings without using emojis.
For example, one of the most common stretchable words is “ha”. Because it’s short, it can be easily stretched. If something is just kind of funny, you might just type “haha”. But if something is really funny, you might type “hahahahaha”.
Another example is “yeeeesssss”. When you type “yes”, it might sound like you are just fine with a certain idea. But if you use “yeeeesssss”, you show that you are very excited about it.
Although stretchable words are popular on social media, there are worries that children will struggle to switch to more formal writing when in school. Stretching out too many words can be annoying. So if you like using them when texting with friends, remember not to use them in your homework.
51．What does the sentence “Whaaaat’s uppppp ” mean
A．What’s up B．What’s your name C．What’s your dream D．What’s your job
52．Why do young people like using stretchable words
A．They sound frightening. B．They feel terribly bad.
C．They feel extremely big. D．They sound interesting.
53．What does it mean when someone types “hahahahaha”
A．It’s quite funny. B．It’s very surprising. C．It’s quite long. D．It’s quite strange.
54．What will you type if you are really excited about playing basketball with Mike tomorrow
A．Hahahahaha. B．Whaaaat’s uppppp C．Yeeeesssss. D．Are you kidding
55．When mustn’t you use stretchable words
A．When you text messages. B．When you use social media.
C．When you take an exam. D．When you feel very worried.
Modern life is impossible without travelling. There are some ways of travelling.
The fastest way of travelling is by plane. With a modern plane, you can travel in one day to places which it took a month or more to get to hundred years ago.
Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages(优势). You can see the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining-cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.
Some people prefer to travel by sea when possible. There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different parts of your country on them. Ships are not so fast as trains or planes, but travelling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.
Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty or one hundred miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish where there is something interesting to see, at good restaurants where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night. That is why travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or plane when they are travelling on business.
56．The underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to(指代) ________.
A．ships B．other countries
C．trains and planes D．large liners and river boats
57．Which of the following is the advantage of travelling by car
A．We can save more time and money.
B．We can stop the car wherever we want.
C．We can make the longest journey enjoyable.
D．We can travel three or four thousand miles a day.
58．If people plan to travel on business, they usually choose __________.
A．trains or planes B．cars or planes
C．cars or trains D．ships or cars
59．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Some people prefer to travel by ships.
B．Travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips.
C．Travelling by sea is a very pleasant way to go on vacation.
D．It’s impossible to travel to other countries in one day by plane.
60．What is the purpose(目的)of the passage
A．To ask people to travel by car.
B．To tell us why we need to travel.
C．To introduce some popular ways of travelling.
D．To show the writer’s favourite ways of travelling.
Great poets spend a lot of time thinking before they finish a poem.
They are always worried about the choice of the words in their poems, and some of them cannot rest until they find the right ones. There’re a lot of poems in history, but only a small group of them are still popular today.
You cannot read a poem like you read a newspaper or magazine. In order to understand the feelings in a poem, you should read it aloud and you should read the complete poem instead of parts of it. Sometimes you have to read the poem several times before you can understand it.
61．According to the passage, if you want to be a good poet, you need to be ________.
A．smart B．famous C．patient D．foolish
62．The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “choice” is________.
A．选择 B．描写 C．润色 D．勾勒
63．Although there were many poems in history for us, reading all of them is _________.
A．easy B．hard C．helpful D．useless
64．What can help you understand a poem
①Reading the poem aloud. ② Reading it like you read a newspaper.
③Reading the complete poem. ④Reading the poem several times.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
65．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A．How we can enjoy a poem. B．How we can remember a poem.
C．How we can write a good poem. D．How we can become a good poet.
Do you know the two lovely mascots. You may know the five dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17th of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV. Now let’s see who they are.
Look at the panda. It looks like an astronaut（宇航员）. It wears an ice shell and looks fat, so we call it “Bing Dwen Dwen”. White is the color of ice and snow. Bing Dwen Dwen likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
Do you think the red mascot looks like a lantern（灯笼） The lantern’s name is “Shuey Rhon Rhon”. When the Chinese new year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the color of hope and good luck（希望和好运）, so people think their dreams will come true（实现）in the new year. Shuey Rhon Rhon can give players hope and help them do well in the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympic Games（残奥会）.
Many people in different countries like the two mascots very much and they showed their love for them on the Internet.
66．What does the underline word “mascots” mean in the passage
A．A song of the Olympic Games. B．A sport of the Olympic Games.
C．A symbol（象征）of the Olympic Games. D．A picture of the Olympic Games.
67．_________ is the mascot of 2022 Beijing winter Olympic Games.
A．The five dolls. B．Bing Dwen Dwen. C．An astronaut. D．Shuey Rhon Rhon
68．Why do people make or buy red lanterns when the Chinese new year comes
A．Because it is easy to make red lanterns.
B．Because Shuey Rhon Rhon is a mascot.
C．Because people think red lanterns are very lovely.
D．Because people think red lanterns can bring hope and good luck.
69．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Bing Dwen Dwen can skate very well.
B．Shuey Rhon Rhon likes ice sports and is good at them.
C．The two lovely mascot first showed on TV on October 17th.
D．All the people like the two mascots and show their loves on the Internet.
70．Which is the best title of the passage
A．The Sports in Olympic Games B．2022 Olympic Mascots
C．2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games D．2022 Beijing winter Paralympic Games
If you have trouble sleeping, try the new bus service in Hong Kong, China. The five-hour ride is called the “Sleeping Bus Tour”, which is for people who cannot sleep well.
“When we were thinking about new tours, I saw a post (帖子) from my friend saying that he couldn’t sleep at night because of his work,” said Kenneth Kong, the manager of the travel. “But when he was traveling on the bus, he was able to sleep well. His post gave me the idea for this tour.”
Tickets for the first “Sleeping Bus Tour” were sold out right away. “The tickets were so popular that I almost missed the chance.” said 25-year-old Anson Kong, one of the passengers on the first bus tour. He said that the tour was a good idea and that it was more interesting than he had thought.
Many people find it easy to fall asleep during a long bus trip. Why According to , there are three possible reasons.
◆White noise
Cars, buses and trains have a perfect environment that produces white noise. The noise blocks out (阻挡) other sounds, making it easier for passengers to feel sleepy.
◆Rocking movement (移动)
Babies are often rocked to sleep. Sitting on a bus gives people similar feelings.
◆An increase (增加) in CO
Buses and trains get crowded with people going to and from work, and CO increases when there are lots of people. As less oxygen gets into the brain, people will feel sleepy quickly.
71．How long does a “Sleeping Bus Tour” last
A．For 60 minutes. B．For 120 minutes.
C．For 240 minutes. D．For 300 minutes.
72．When did Kenneth Kong got the idea for the tour
A．After he had a good sleep on a bus tour.
B．After he saw a mom rock her baby in her arms.
C．After he read a friend’s post about sleeping.
D．After he talked to a friend about sleeping problems.
73．What did Anson Kong probably think of the tour on the bus
A．Ordinary. B．Enjoyable. C．Educational. D．Traditional.
74．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．People bought all the tickets for the first “Sleeping Bus Tour” quickly.
B．Anson Kong was the only one who took the first “Sleeping Bus Tour”.
C．The noise from buses can make people get sleepy more easily.
D．People fall asleep more quickly with less oxygen.
75．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To call on people to change their sleeping habits.
B．To show how sleeping problems harm people’s health.
C．To discuss the best way to do with sleeping problems.
D．To show how the bus tour makes a difference to sleeping.
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参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了蚊子更喜欢某些颜色，并且解释了原因。
1．细节理解题。根据“A new study has found that mosquitoes even prefer some colors!”可知，一项新的研究发现蚊子甚至更喜欢某些颜色！故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“darker colors are more like shadows and are safer for mosquitoes”可知，因为深色更像阴影。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Scientists say that human skin looks red-orange to mosquitoes’ eyes.”可知，因为红色和橙色接近人类皮肤的颜色。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Besides the color of the clothes they wear, higher body temperature, the smell of sweat are the reasons why mosquitoes prefer these people.”可知，一共提及了3个原因。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了蚊子更喜欢某些颜色，并且解释了原因。故该文章可能在自然部分读到。故选C。
6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了去外国旅行时应注意当地的风俗习惯。
6．推理判断题。根据“When you travel to other countries, please follow their customs”可知当前往其他国家时，请遵守他们的风俗习惯，即入乡随俗，故选项C符合语境。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the cost of your meal.”可知在美国，服务员希望得到你用餐费用的15%作为小费。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“It’s a good idea to talk about the weather. It’s a favourite topic of conversation with the British.”可知在英国，天气是一个热门话题。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据“A kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another”可知在一种文化中可以接受的一种肢体语言在另一种文化中可能是不礼貌的，可见在不同的文化中，人们对肢体语言的态度是不同的。故选D。
10．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了去外国旅行时应注意当地的风俗习惯，以选项D“给国际旅行者的建议”为标题更合适。故选D。
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文主要内容是中文出版的英文报纸是外国人了解快速发展的中国的窗口，重点介绍了China Daily、21st Century 和 Beijing Weekend 三种英文报纸。
11．推理判断题。根据文中第二三四段的开头的 “China Daily、21st Century 和 Beijing Weekend”这篇文章中提到了三种英文报纸，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“China Daily is an English newspaper, introducing China’s policies and development, and reporting news from home and abroad.”可知《中国日报》所报道的既有国内新闻也有国外的新闻。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“21st Century is more for the home readers,”可知21st Century是针对国内读者的报纸。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Beijing Weekend is another newspaper, liked by foreigners working in Beijing, as it is their favourite,”可知在北京工作的外国人非常喜欢《北京周末》，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Sunday edition(版面)Business Weekly gives more information about China’s economic development,”可知，Business Weekly是China Daily的周日版，故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个中国舞者通过制作和分享短片向更多人展示中国古典舞蹈。
16．词句猜测题，根据“Ma has nearly 5 million followers on Douyin, a short-video platform（平台）in China. ‘I was surprised because I didn’t think that the videos would go viral.’”可知马在中国短视频平台抖音上有近500万粉丝，所以此处的“go viral”指的是“流行”，故选A。
17．细节理解题，根据“Then Ma jumped off the ground and did a dance move, which was filmed by his wife on her phone.”可知马的妻子用她的手机拍摄了他的第一个视频。故选C。
18．细节理解题，根据“He started making videos when his teaching job was affected（受影响）by COVID-19. Like many other teachers，Ma had to give online classes.”可知马开始在网上授课，排在首尾；根据“Back home, I sent the video to my friends. ”可知马给他的朋友们发了一段视频，排在第二位；根据“After Ma’s videos got popular, he got lots of messages from people around the world”可知马的视频很受欢迎，排在第三位，故选B。
19．细节理解题，根据“It’s always been my dream to offer people worldwide a chance to understand traditional Chinese culture.”可知是因为他希望全世界的人都能了解中国古典舞。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个中国舞者通过制作和分享短片向更多人展示中国古典舞蹈，故选D。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C 25．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的两个重要问题：地震还有森林火灾。
21．细节理解题。根据“And California also has more people than any other state in the United States.”可知加利福利亚州的人口最多，故选B，
22．细节理解题。根据“California has two important problems: earthquakes(地震) and forest fires.”可知加利福尼亚有两个重要问题：地震还有森林火灾。故选D。
23．词义猜测题。根据“There have also been many other strong earthquakes. Some people are afraid that a “big one” will hit the state someday.”（还有许多其他的强震。一些人担心有一天“大地震”会袭击该州），所以one代指地震，故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据“During summer and autumn, much of California is dry. So forest fires or wildfires often start. ”可知夏季和秋季，加利福尼亚州大部分地区干燥。因此，森林火灾或野火经常发生，C项表述错误。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据“ But not everything is perfect there. California has two important problems: earthquakes(地震) and forest fires.”可知作者写这篇文章主要是向我们展示加州的两个问题，故选A。
26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些交真正朋友的方法。
26．细节理解题。根据“·Be friendly to others”、“·Communicate(交流) with your friends often.”、“·Find friends with some similar(相似的) interests.”、“·Accept your friends for who they are and respect(尊重) them.”、“·Learn the differences between good friends and bad friends.”可知文中提到了五种方式，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“·Communicate(交流) with your friends often. There are several ways to communicate, such as giving calls, writing letters and sending emails.”可知如果你想拥有真正的朋友，你应该经常和你的朋友交流。故选D。
28．细节理解题。A选项“帮助你学习数学的玛丽。”；B选项“埃里克从不帮你。”；C选项“丽莎试图在某些方面改变你。”；D选项“杰克，他经常说你坏话。”。结合文章和实际可知BD选项显然不可以成为真正的朋友；根据“Find friends with some similar(相似的) interests. Having some things in common(共同的) gives you both something to share and enjoy doing together.”（找一些志趣相投的朋友。有一些共同点可以让你们分享和享受一起做的事情。）可知C选项不符合，故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“True friends may be hard to find. Here are some ways to help you find them.”（真正的朋友可能很难找到。这里有一些方法可以帮助你找到他们。）可知C选项“我们不可能在生活中交到真正的朋友。”错误，故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据“True friends may be hard to find. Here are some ways to help you find them.”可知本文主要介绍了一些交真正朋友的方法，故选B。
31．A 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。
31．细节理解题。根据“A colorful balcony(阳台) with fresh vegetables and fruits has turned into a common sight this year.”可知，他们种植蔬菜和水果。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“I feel like young people growing vegetables on balconies is as popular as square dancing is for our parents.”可知，她认为阳台园艺很受欢迎。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据“She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden”可知，她喜欢种西红柿、红辣椒和香菜。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据“She has harvested small tomatoes three times from her balcony garden in Beijing. Red peppers and corianders are regulars in her garden, and she adds them to her dishes when cooking.”可知，她在北京的阳台花园已经收获了三次小西红柿。红辣椒和香菜是她菜园里的常客，她做菜的时候会把它们加到菜里。此处harvested表示“收获”，与Collected意思相近，故选C。
35．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的生活方式——阳台园艺。故选D。
36．C 37．A 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文介绍了自我形体形象对今天的许多青少年是一个大问题，这是什么造成的呢？很多人认为是媒体的原因，电视上、报纸上和杂志上的都是漂亮的模特、英俊的演员、健康的体育明星，许多年轻人看到这些完美的人就感到有压力，失去自信，自我形体形象问题不随着年龄的增长而消失，它是一个社会问题。
36．推理判断题。根据“more than half the teenage girls in the USA think they should be on a diet and almost one in five teenage boys are worried about their bodies and their weight”可知超过一半的美国少女认为她们应该节食，几乎五分之一的十几岁男孩担心自己的身体和体重，由此可知，青少年太注意自己的外表了。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“In the study, many blame the media”可知在研究中，许多人指责媒体。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据“As a result, some stop eating healthily in order to lose weight”可知一些人节食的目的是减肥。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“a study in the UK advised that body image lessons should be provided in schools.”可知英国的一项研究建议学校应提供身体形象课程。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据“We need to judge（评判）people by what they do, not what they look like”可知我们需要根据人们的所作所为来判断他们，而不是他们的长相，可见他认为良好的行为比好看更重要。故选A。
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．B
【导语】本文主要是给想参加熊猫志愿者项目的人的一些建议，要提前预订，要遵循一些规则以及穿着的注意事项。
41．细节理解题。根据“If you don’t book early, the programme may become fully booked.”可知，如果你不早点预订，可能会被预订一空。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“We suggest booking at least one week in advance.”可知，建议至少提前一周预订。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“To protect yourself when carrying bamboo, please do no wear shorts or slippery (滑的) shoes.”可知，携带竹子时，为了保护自己，请不要穿短裤或湿滑的鞋子。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“Please do not get close to the pandas or throw food to them, unless the panda keeper tells you to do so.”可知，B选项“如果你喜欢，你可以随意给熊猫扔食物。”表述错误，故选B。
45．推理判断题。本文主要是给想参加熊猫志愿者项目的人的一些建议，要提前预订，要遵循一些规则以及穿着的注意事项。故熊猫爱好者会对本文感兴趣。故选B。
46．B 47．B 48．A 49．B 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了包括深圳在内，全国各地乃至全世界都面临着水资源短缺的问题，以及水资源短缺的原因。
46．词义猜测题。根据“people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps.”和“Some other cities in the southern part of China, like Chengdu and Guangzhou, are also becoming ‘thirsty’”可知，深圳的人们发现水龙头出水的速度变慢了，成都和广州等中国南部城市也开始“口渴”，由此可推断是水资源短缺的原因，所以划线单词表示“短缺、不足”，故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据“In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast.”、“Climate change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on (依赖于) the Dongjiang River as their main source (来源) of water.”和“For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. ”可知，不断增长的人口、气候变化和水污染都是造成水资源短缺的原因，不包括砍伐森林，故选B。
48．篇章结构图。第一段是引出“水资源短缺”该主题；第二段是例举出一些城市正面临这种问题；第三、四、五段是介绍造成水资源短缺的原因。A项符合文章结构。故选A。
49．推理判断题。根据“ Each person in Shenzhen has about only 200 cubic meters of water each year. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average (平均水平). ”可知，中国人均每年水资源约2400立方米。故选B。
50．写作意图题。本文介绍了包括深圳在内，全国各地乃至全世界都面临着水资源短缺的问题，以及水资源短缺的原因，所以本文的目的是介绍中国水资源短缺的一些原因。故选D。
51．A 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．C
【导语】本文介绍了可拉伸单词在生活中用于表示强烈感情以及随之而来的担忧。
51．细节理解题。根据“These kinds of words are called stretchable (可拉伸的) words.”可知“Whaaaat’s uppppp ”就是“What’s up ”的意思，意为“怎么了？”故选A。
52．细节理解题。根据“Younger people especially like using stretchable words because they sound playful and fun.”可知，年轻人特别喜欢使用可拉伸的单词，因为它们听起来很有趣。故选D。
53．细节理解题。根据“But if something is really funny, you might type “hahahahaha”.”可知，当有人键入“hahahahaha”时，这意味着这很有趣。故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“Another example is “yeeeesssss”. When you type “yes”, it might sound like you are just fine with a certain idea. But if you use “yeeeesssss”, you show that you are very excited about it.”可知，如果你明天真的很想和迈克一起打篮球，你会键入“yeeeesssss”。故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据“So if you like using them when texting with friends, remember not to use them in your homework.”可以推知，当你考试的时候不能用可拉伸的单词。故选C。
56．D 57．B 58．A 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文讲述了一些出行的方式，包括飞机，船，火车等。
56．词句猜测题。根据“ There are large liners and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different parts of your country on them. ”可知，them指代“large liners and river boats”。故选D。
57．细节理解题。根据“You can stop wherever you wish where there is something interesting to see, at good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or at a hotel to spend the night.”可知，我们可以在任何我们想的地方停车。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据“That is why travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or plane when they are travelling on business.”可知，人们出差通常选择火车或飞机。故选A。
59．推理判断题。根据“With a modern plane you can travel in one day to places ...”可知，乘飞机在一天时间内去其他国家是可能的。故选D。
60．主旨大意题。根据“There are some ways of travelling.”可知，文章在介绍一些受欢迎的出行方式。故选C。
61．C 62．A 63．B 64．B 65．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何才能欣赏一首诗歌。
61．推理判断题。根据“some of them cannot rest until they find the right ones”可知诗人直到找到正确的词才休息，可推知一个好的诗人是非常有耐心的。故选C。
62．词义猜测题。根据“They are always worried about the choice of the words in their poems, and some of them cannot rest until they find the right ones.”可知诗人要找到合适的词才休息，因为他们要选择恰当的词汇，故此处划线部分意为“选择”。故选A。
63．推理判断题。根据“You cannot read a poem like you read a newspaper or magazine...”可知读诗不像读报纸或杂志，需要注意很多，所以要想读完所有诗，还是很难的。故选B。
64．细节理解题。根据“you should read it aloud and you should read the complete poem instead of parts of it. Sometimes you have to read the poem several times”可知要想理解诗歌中的情感，应该大声读、读整首诗，并且多读几次。故选B。
65．主旨大意题。根据“In order to understand the feelings in a poem...”以及本段内容可知本段主要说明了如何欣赏诗歌。故选A。
66．C 67．B 68．D 69．A 70．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物：冰墩墩和雪容融。
66．词义猜测题。根据“You may know the five dolls from the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. On September 17th of this year, the two lovely mascots first showed on TV. Now let’s see who they are.”可知2008北京奥运会的五个福娃是奥运会的象征，因此吉祥物象征着奥运会。故选C。
67．细节理解题。根据“Bing Dwen Dwen likes ice sports very much and is good at them. That’s why it is the mascot of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.”可知，2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物是冰墩墩，故选B。
68．细节理解题。根据“When the Chinese new year comes, people always make or buy red lanterns. Red is the color of hope and good luck（希望和好运）, so people think their dreams will come true（实现） in the new year. ”可知，人们在中国新年到来时制作或购买红灯笼。因为红色是希望和好运的颜色，所以人们认为他们的梦想将会在新的一年实现。可见人们是认为红灯笼能带来好运。故选D。
69．细节理解题。根据“Bing Dwen Dwen likes ice sports very much and is good at them.”可知冰墩墩十分喜欢冰上运动，而且擅长冰上运动，因此冰墩墩很会滑冰，故选项A正确，故选A。
70．最佳标题题。本文讲述了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩以及残奥会吉祥物雪容融。根据本文主要内容可知本文最佳标题是“两个奥运吉祥物”。故选B。
71．D 72．C 73．B 74．B 75．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种帮助人睡好觉的巴士旅游，并且分析了在长途巴士旅行中很好入睡的原因。
71．细节理解题。根据“The five-hour ride is called the “Sleeping Bus Tour”, which is for people who cannot sleep well.”可知，持续5个小时，也就是300分钟，故选D。
72．细节理解题。根据“But when he was traveling on the bus, he was able to sleep well. His post gave me the idea for this tour.”可知，当他看到朋友发出一个有关睡眠的帖子之后想出了这个想法，故选C。
73．细节理解题。根据“He said that the tour was a good idea and that it was more interesting than he had thought”可知，他说这次旅行是个好主意，比他想象的要有趣得多，故选B。
74．细节理解题。根据“said 25-year-old Anson Kong, one of the passengers on the first bus tour. ”可知，他是第一次巴士旅行的乘客之一，并不是唯一一个，B表述错误，故选B。
75．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一种帮助人睡好觉的巴士旅游，目的是为了展示巴士之旅对睡眠的影响，故选D。
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