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中考专题复习之形容词
一、形容词的用法
1. 形容词有两个基本用法：
1). 系动词后做表语， 即系动词+形容词。
2). 名词前做定语，即形容词修饰名词
3) . 形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。
　　 Eg: Would you like something hot to drink？
　　 4). 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
　 Eg: How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long.
　　 5). 只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的
　　 6). 只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的
　　 7). 貌似副词的形容词：lonely孤独寂寞的；偏僻的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的
　　 8). 复合形容词：snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的；；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；ten-year-old十岁的。
9). 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词
a small round table一张小圆桌 a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物
　 a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
　 a famous American medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院
2. 常见系动词：1） be动词 2）五个感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel
3） 三个变：turn, get, become 4）其他： keep, seem
二、规则变化
　　1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest;slow-slower-slowest
　　2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest； fine-finer-finest
　　3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest; pretty-prettier-prettiest; easy-easier-easiest; early-earlier-earliest
　　4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，sad-sadder-saddest;big-bigger-biggest;fat-fatter-fattest;hot-hotter-hottest;wet-wetter-wettest;slim-slimmer-slimmest;thin-thinner-thinnest;red-redder-reddest;glad-gladder-gladdest(巧记：一个伤心的大胖子，运动热了，浑身湿了，变苗条了，最后瘦了，全校红了，自己也挺高兴的。)
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful；important-more important-most important;
以下列情况结尾的词，也分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如：
-ed: tired, bored, excited, interested，surprised,worried…
-ing: tiring, boring, exciting, interesting, surprising, worrying…
-ly: friendly, lovely, lonely, lively… (early除外)
-ful: careful, helpful, useful,harmful, cheerful, hopeful, meaningful, tasteful,colourful, wonderful, successful, beautiful, thankful…
-less: careless, helpless, useless, harmless, cheerless, hopeless, meaningless, tasteless, colourless, endless, noiseless, sleepless, homeless…
-ous: generous, famous, humorous, serious(严重的)，dangerous
三、不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther Farthest(距离远)
further further（程度深）
old older oldest（年龄大，老）
elder eldest（排行大）
形容词的反义词
un-: unable, unfair, unfriendly, unhappy, unhealthy, unkind, unlucky, unpleasant, untidy, unusual, unsafe, unwelcome, uncertain,uncomfortable, unimportant, uninteresting, unpopular, unnecessary...
in-: inactive, incorrect, indirect, incomplete, inexpensive, informal...
im-: impatient, impolite, impossible, improper...
ir-: irregular
dis-: dishonest
il-: illegal（非法的）, illogical(不合逻辑的）
五、形容词原级
1.只修饰原级的词有：very，quite，so，too,really等
　　例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
The tree is very tall.　
2. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样…
eg: He is as tall as I.
3.A is not as\SO +原级+ as B表示A不如B…
eg:1) He is not as tall as I .
=He is shorter than I
=I am taller than he.
2) English is not so important as Chinese.
=English is less important than Chinese.
=Chinese is more important than English
六、形容词比较级
1．可以修饰比较级的词，much…的多；a little，a bit，…一点儿；even甚至；still仍然
Eg: Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
　　Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
　　She is still more careful than her husband.她仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.A+be+倍数+ +形容词比较级+ than +B”表示 “A比B…几倍”
eg:Our room is three times bigger than theirs.
3.当句中有than 时则用比较级。eg:He is fatter than I .
4.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”
eg:Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
5. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
Eg: He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
　　The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
*加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越…
eg: English is more and more important
6. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
Eg:The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
7.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
Eg:Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.
8.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“a比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“a最……”。
Eg: The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。(范围外）
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
=Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
=Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
七.形容词的最高级
1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Eg:Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他班上/所有学生中最高的。
　　This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
2.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
3.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
Which is the biggest, the moon ,the sun or ths earth
4. “the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
eg:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
*形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the
eg:He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.
八、形容词常用句型
1.“It’s + adj.+ of + sb.+ to do sth”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
　　注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
Eg：It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)
It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)
　　It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)
2.“It’s + adj. + for + sb.+ to do sth”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
　　注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。
　Eg: It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.
(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)
　　 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.
(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)　　
It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.
(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)
3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。
　 Eg: Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。
　　 I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。
4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。
　　Eg: Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。
　　He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。

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