资源简介

【passage 7】
①In Los Angeles, California, where temperatures tend to stay warm year-round, you can feel a significant difference in heat when you’re along the coast or outside the city compared to when you’re in highly-populated parts of the city. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, can make daytime temperatures in highly-populated areas 1℉to 7℉warmer than nearby areas. Los Angeles is working to settle this issue by applying a special paint on 1 million square feet of roads in the city.
②The GAF Cool Community Project, an initiative by roofing company GAF, has painted roads, parking lots, and even playgrounds in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Pacoima with the solar-reflective paint. GAF partnered with local organizations, governments and scientists for the project.
③“Pacoima is one of the hottest parts of Los Angeles and hasn’t gotten the kind of investment a lot of other communities have,” said Jeff Terry, who led the project. “Hopefully we’re going to make that is place a little bit more livable for the residents.”
④The paint uses Invisible Shade, a coating created by GAF-owned company, Street Bond. Invisible Shade has additives(添加剂) that reflect visible and infrared (红外线的) light to reduce heat. The coating is available in 14 colors or can be customized. While in most areas of Pacoima, the applied coatings are gray, the initiative partnered with a local artist to create unique patterns for some areas, like playgrounds, parking lots, and a basketball court.
⑤“My feet do feel cooler: Yes! You can instantly feel the difference on the soles (脚底) of your feel,” said Melanie Torres, a Pacoima resident. “I think it’s great. Pacoima is one of the largest hot zones in LA so we were fortunate to be selected.”
⑥The initiative will monitor the neighborhood temperatures over the next two years to determine its effectiveness. If successful, more reflective coatings may be applied in other neighborhoods.
（素材来源：四川省宜宾市2023年秋期普通高中学业质量监测高二年级英语试题）
23．What does the underlined part “this issue” in Paragraph 1 refer to
The polluted areas.
B. The intense urban heat.
C. The crowded urban areas.
D. The falling temperature.
24．How does the paint work
A. By absorbing heat.
B. By creating shadows.
C. By mirroring light.
D. By changing road colors.
25．How does Torres find the paint
A. It brings desired effects.
B. It is an adventurous idea.
C. It is a short-term solution.
D. It needs more testing time.
26．What is the text mainly about
A. A theory on a new technology.
B. A project to improve citizens’ lives.
C. An art aiming to beautify cities.
D. A study on the urban heat island effect.
【魔法带练】
串联题干
What does the underlined part “this issue” in Paragraph 1 refer to
How does the paint work
How does Torres find the paint
What is the text mainly about
得出主题词：油漆/油漆工作
23．What does the underlined part “this issue” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.The polluted areas. 污染地区
B. The intense urban heat. 城市高温 （段落主旨句）
C. The crowded urban areas. 拥挤的市区
D. The falling temperature.秋季气温
①In Los Angeles, California, where temperatures tend to stay warm year-round, you can feel a significant difference in heat when you’re along the coast or outside the city compared to when you’re in highly-populated parts of the city. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, can make daytime temperatures in highly-populated areas 1℉to 7℉warmer than nearby areas. Los Angeles is working to settle this issue by applying a special paint on 1 million square feet of roads in the city.
24．How does the paint work
A. By absorbing heat. 通过吸收热量。
B. By creating shadows. 通过制造阴影
C. By mirroring light. 通过反射光线。
D. By changing road colors.通过改变道路颜色
②The GAF Cool Community Project, an initiative by roofing company GAF, has painted roads, parking lots, and even playgrounds in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Pacoima with the solar-reflective paint.（太阳反射涂料） GAF partnered with local organizations, governments and scientists for the project.
25．How does Torres find the paint
A. It brings desired effects. 它带来了预期的效果。
B. It is an adventurous idea. 这是一个冒险的想法
C. It is a short-term solution. 这是一个短期的解决方案
D. It needs more testing time. 它需要更多的测试时间。
⑤“My feet do feel cooler: Yes! You can instantly feel the difference on the soles (脚底) of your feel,” said Melanie Torres, a Pacoima resident. “I think it’s great. Pacoima is one of the largest hot zones in LA so we were fortunate to be selected.”
26．What is the text mainly about
A. A theory on a new technology. 一种新技术的理论。
B. A project to improve citizens’ lives.一个改善公民生活的项目。
C. An art aiming to beautify cities. 一种旨在美化城市的艺术。
D. A study on the urban heat island effect.城市热岛效应研究。
①In Los Angeles, California, where temperatures tend to stay warm year-round, you can feel a significant difference in heat when you’re along the coast or outside the city compared to when you’re in highly-populated parts of the city. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, can make daytime temperatures in highly-populated areas 1℉to 7℉warmer than nearby areas. Los Angeles is working to settle this issue by applying a special paint on 1 million square feet of roads in the city.
⑥The initiative will monitor the neighborhood temperatures over the next two years to determine its effectiveness. If successful, more reflective coatings may be applied in other neighborhoods.如果成功，更多的反射涂层可能会应用到其他社区。
【全文翻译】
在加利福尼亚州的洛杉矶，气温往往全年保持温暖，当你沿着海岸或城外时，与你在城市人口稠密的地区相比，你可以感受到明显的热量差异。这种现象被称为城市热岛效应，它会使人口密集地区的白天温度比附近地区高1到7华氏度。洛杉矶正在努力解决这个问题，在该市100万平方英尺的道路上涂上一种特殊的油漆。
由屋顶公司GAF发起的GAF Cool Community Project，已经在洛杉矶Pacoima社区的道路、停车场甚至操场上涂上了太阳能反射漆。GAF与当地组织、政府和科学家合作开展该项目。
“帕科伊马是洛杉矶最热门的地区之一，并没有像其他许多社区那样得到投资，”该项目的负责人杰夫·特里说。“希望我们能让这个地方更适合居民居住。”
这种涂料使用的是隐形阴影，这是gaf旗下的Street Bond公司生产的一种涂料。Invisible Shade含有添加剂(添加剂)，可以反射可见光和红外线(红外线的)以减少热量。涂层有14种颜色可供选择，也可以定制。虽然在帕科伊马的大部分地区，所应用的涂料都是灰色的，但该计划与当地一位艺术家合作，为一些地区创造了独特的图案，比如操场、停车场和篮球场。
“我的脚确实觉得凉了。是的!”帕科马居民梅勒妮·托雷斯说:“你可以立即感受到鞋底的不同(脚底)。”“我认为这很棒。帕科马是洛杉矶最大的热点地区之一，所以我们很幸运被选中。”
该倡议将在未来两年内监测附近的温度，以确定其有效性。如果成功，更多的反射涂层可能会应用到其他社区。
【passage 8】
①It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
②The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
③Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
④The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
⑤Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible.
（素材来源：安徽省2023—2024学年（上）高二冬季阶段性检测英语试题）
27. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B. To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
C. To stress the significance of the restoration work.
D. To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
28. Which of the following best describes the restoration work
A. Creative.
B. Well-paid.
C Interesting.
D. Demanding.
29. What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
A Spotting the faded murals in time.
B. Fixing the missing parts of murals.
C. Making preservation of the murals as they are.
D. Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings.
B. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves.
C. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation.
The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
【魔法带练】
串联题干：
What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
28.Which of the following best describes the restoration work
29.What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
30.What can be a suitable title for the text
主题归纳：restoring murals 壁画修复
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings.
壁画的艺术魅力。
B. The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves.
莫高窟壁画修复。
C. The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation.
洞穴保护的成功实验
D.The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
敦煌精神在中国文化中的作用。
标题归纳题解题技法：
①主题词关联-mural restore壁画储藏
②回文定位（段首，段尾，段落首尾句，频率词）
①It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
同义替换：
Restoration=protect the artistic charm
27. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
以显示敦煌壁画的普及程度。
B. To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
解释古丝绸之路的历史。
C. To stress the significance of the restoration work.
强调修复工作的重要性。
D.To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
提出保护文化遗产的方法
②The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
这道题表面问的是段落目的，实质问的是段落细节
细节题解题技法：
①读题干，抓关键词
(一般情况下关键词为大写，人名，地名，数字，特殊修饰词，从句）
②快速阅读文章，根据出题顺序回文定位
③对比选项，对比原文信息
其实这种题目比原来的细节题更加容易，起码不用通过题干的关键词通篇搜索
同义替换：
Take place over centuries= history
所以B选项当选
28. Which of the following best describes the restoration work
下列哪一项最能描述修复工作
Creative. （创造性的）
B. Well-paid.（高薪的）
C Interesting. （有趣的）
D.Demanding.（苛刻的）
这也是一道细节题，但是有点不一样是选项比上一题还要短
选项越短，信息对比难度就会随之加大，所以做这种题目必须留到最后在做。
③Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
【超纲词解析】
All-rounder n.全能选手，多面手
I class myself as an all-rounder.
我将自己归为多面手。
这道题目难点有两个：
①要知道all-rounder是什么意思
②知道all-rounder= demanding 概念替换
29. What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
根据第4段，修复壁画的重点是什么
A Spotting the faded murals in time.
及时发现褪色的壁画
B. Fixing the missing parts of murals.
修复壁画缺失的部分。
C. Making preservation of the murals as they are.
保护壁画的原貌
D. Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
重新粉刷以完善壁画的外观。
这道题类型跟32题一样同样的都是段落细节题
④The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
同义替换：
Making preservation.... as they are=maintain the status quo of the murals= never create
【逐句翻译】
①It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion(侵蚀) by sand and wind.
句子结构分析：as引导比较状语从句；despite引导让步状语从句；a UNESCO....引导同位语从句做Mogao caves
句意：这是一场与时间的赛跑，尽管受到风沙侵蚀(侵蚀)，敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员仍在努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力。莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。
②The team is dedicated to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
句子结构分析：which引导定语从句修饰the construction;from....to...做同位语补充解释a thousands years.
句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴的45,000平方米壁画(壁画)和2400多个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴从4世纪到14世纪跨越了大约1000年。
【固定搭配解析】
Be dedicated to....致力于
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems
我们最优秀的头脑是否应当致力于解决人类面临的最大问题
The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road.
句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰cultural exchanges
句意：这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。
“Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
句子结构分析：repairing murals and painted sculptures 非谓语动词做定语修饰our work;the director of the Dunhuang academy做同位语修饰Su bomin
句意：敦煌研究院院长苏波民说“我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了更好地保护洞穴，这促进了伟大的敦煌精神，包容世界，激励现代人，”。
【超纲词解析】
Murals壁画
【记忆】mur墙+al
So it is also very necessary to explore and research further the space mural painting.
因而对空间壁画的进一步探索研究也是非常必要的.
③Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剥落), as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts.
句子结构分析：affecting...作定语修饰diseases；that引导定语从句修饰erosion
句意：影响壁画的常见“疾病”包括开裂和剥落(剥落)，以及由洞穴温度和湿度变化引起的侵蚀，以及盐的沉积。
To restore a mural requires an all-rounder.
修复壁画需要一个多面手。
Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution.
句子结构分析：to be able to...不定式作伴随状语
句意：修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。
They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。
④The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them.
修复工作应尊重原作，以保持壁画的现状为目标，而不是重新绘制壁画。
When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration.
句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句
当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。
“Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su.“When you pursue the so-called intact(完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
句子结构分析：when引导时间状语从句
“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你追求所谓的完整(完好无损的)寻找艺术原因时，你将失去其关键意义。
⑤Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems.
洞穴保护就是不断地解决问题。
“It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says.
句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰span
句意：苏说:“为了更好地保护这些洞穴，需要进行长期的研究，研究的时间跨度要比我们的有生之年长得多。”
But at least, they can keep the existing look of the murals for as long as possible.
但至少，他们可以尽可能长时间地保持壁画的现有外观。
【固定搭配分析】
At least 至少
At least Jeremy had the good form to go back and apologize.
杰里米回去道歉至少是有礼貌的举动.
【全文翻译】
这是一场与时间的赛跑，尽管莫高窟被风沙侵蚀(侵蚀)，但敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员仍在努力保护它的艺术魅力。莫高窟是联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的地方。
②该团队致力于保护45000平方米的壁画(壁画)和735个洞穴的2400多座彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造跨越了4世纪至14世纪，历时约1000年。这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。“我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了更好地保护洞穴，这促进了伟大的敦煌精神，包容世界，激励现代人，”敦煌研究院院长苏波民说。
③影响壁画的常见“疾病”包括开裂和剥落(剥落)，以及由洞穴温度和湿度变化引起的侵蚀，以及盐的沉积。修复壁画需要一个多面手。修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。
修复工作应尊重原作，旨在保持壁画的现状，而不是重新绘制。当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你追求所谓的完整(完好无损的)寻找艺术原因时，你将失去其关键意义。”
⑤洞穴保护就是不断地解决问题。苏说:“为了更好地保护这些洞穴，需要进行长期的研究，研究的时间跨度要比我们的有生之年长得多。”但至少，他们可以尽可能长时间地保持壁画的现有外观。

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