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Book1 Unit4 Words and expressions
1.disaster n ．灾害；灾难 disastrous adj. 灾难性的
自然灾害 natura disasters 空难 an air disaster / crash
An earthquake hit / struck the city last night.
灾区 disaster - hit / disaster - stricken areas
tornado / typhoon 龙卷风
drought 干旱
flood 洪水
landslide 滑坡
tsunami 海啸
hurricane 飓风
volcanic eruption 火山爆发
2. slide - slid - slid vt/vi
1)（使）滑行／滑动 The kids Slid _ down the grassy slope. 从草坡上滑下来
2)（使）悄移到；（使）悄悄移动
The thief slid / slipped into the room when we were sleeping. 溜进
He slid the money quickly into his pocket.
补： flood
1) A great sense of relief flooded over him ．他深感宽慰2) Memories of childhood came flooding back / in. 童年的记忆涌上心头3) Telephone calls came flooding in from all over the country . 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来.
3. rescue n / vt
把某人从某地营救出来 rescue sb from …
She was rescued from the burning house.
2) 救援；营救（来／去）营救某人 come / go to one’ s rescue
救援工人 rescue workers = rescuer
It was not long before they came to my rescue . 他们不久就来营救我了
4. damage vt/n damaging adj 有害的
vt. 损坏；损害
Don’t damage your health for a good figure .
My car was severely damaged, but luckily the children were not hurt .
[ U ］损害／坏；损失对．.．造成伤害 do / cause ( extensive ) damage to
脑损伤 brain damage
Man has caused serious damage to his home over the years . 严重伤害他的家园
5. destroy - destroyed - destroyed vt 摧毁；毁掉
destruction n 破坏，毁坏 destructive adj 有破坏力的
毁掉某人的信心／希望 destroy one’s confidence / hope
be destroyed in the fire
The flood caused serious destruction to the village .
区分： damage 通常指部分性损坏；可修复的破坏； destroy 指彻底的毁坏或毁灭，通常不可修复
6. evacuate vt / vi 疏散；撤离 evacuation n. 疏散；撤离
Children were evacuated from the building to escape the bombing .
7. death n. 死；死亡 die (die-died-died-dying) vi./vt. 死亡 dead adj.死去的
吓／无聊得要死 be frightened / bored to death
be dying for sth 极其想要某物 be dying to do sth 极其想要做某事
There are eleven deaths from the car crash. 有11人死亡
The sound of their laughter died away . 逐渐消失
When the applause died down , she began her speech . 逐渐平息
8. affect vt . effect n. 影响，结果，效应；效果 affection n.喜爱 affectionate adj. 慈爱的
1) vt ．影响（= influence )
那些受到地震影响的人 those affected by the earthquake
2) vt to impress ; to move ( usually passive )
She was affected by the story. 深深打动
拓展：对……有影响 hove an effect on
原因和结果 cause and effect
副作用 side effect
come into effect / take effect 开始生效
9. shelter v / n .
1)[ C ]．避难所；
躲避处为幸存者建避难所 build shelter for survivors
2)[ U ］保护；庇护；掩蔽躲雨
（ take / find ) shelter from the rain
v ．保护；掩蔽；为．.．提供避难所
the sheltered life of childhood life
shelter sb / sth from …
保护这个地区免受…袭击 protect/shelter the area from sand storms
9. crack n / v
1) n. This cup has a crack in it . 裂缝
2) vt ./ vi .（使）破裂 The boy failed to crack the walnut. 没能砸开核桃
10. ruin n / v
1) n. 毁坏；废墟（常用复数）
严重受损；破败不堪（ be / lie ) in ruins
The war between the two countries left the area in ruins （使这一地区破败不堪； leave )
2) vt 毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；
使破产毁掉某人的健康／事业／前途／名声ruin one’s health / career / future / reputation
We visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last summer . It was ruined by foreign invaders .
This mistake ruined his chances of getting a promotion
11. shock v / n shocked adj. 感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的
1)[ U ］震惊；休克［ C ］令人震惊的事情
culture shock 文化冲击
处于震惊状态 in shock / in a state of shock
让某人非常震惊 come as a shock ( to sb )
The news of his death came as a shock to us. （让我们大为震惊）
2) vt
使震惊,对…感到震惊 be shocked at
令人震惊的消息 shocking news
The girl was too shocked to describe what had happened.
12. trap v / n
1) vt trap - trapped - trapped - trapping 使陷入困境；使中计／圈套
被困在… be trapped in
诱使某人做某事 trap sb into doing sth
Trapped in a traffic jam , I was late for work. 遇到堵车
Some of the rescue workers were trapped in ruins. 被困在废墟中
The children trapped in the burning were saved at last. 被困在燃烧房子里的孩子们2) n. 陷阱；圈套，诡计
为…设下圈套 Set a trap for …
步入陷阱 fall / walk into a trap
13 bury – buried – burying vt
掩埋；埋葬
双手掩面 bury one’s face in one’s hands
We need to bury the dead bodies as soon as possible to stop the disease spreading.
On hearing the news , she buried her face in hand （双手掩面） and cried .
The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountains , burying several villages.
2) bury oneself in ( doing ) sth / be buried in ( doing ) sth 专心做……
Since he took over the project , he has been buried in his work.
Burying himself in a book （专心致志地看书）, he didn’t notice me come in .
14 breathe vt / vi / 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁
气喘吁吁 out of breath 深呼吸 take a deep breath 屏气 hold one’s breath
喘气 catch one’s breath
The baby fell asleep , breathing deeply and evenly.
He held his breath while the results were read out .
Gasping for breath , she leaned against the door .
15. revive vt . / vi ．复活；苏醒 revival n. 复苏；振兴
Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again .(重新站起来)
World trade is showing signs of a revival。
The doctors tried in vain to revive him .
16. effort n .努力 effortless adj. 不需努力的
尽全力做某事 make every effort to do sth .
不遗余力做某事 spare no effort to do sth
努力做某事 make an effort to do sth
为了做某事 in an effort / attempt to do sth .
费力地／毫不费力 with / without effort
All his efforts were ended in failture（以失败告终／白费了） were rewarded.
She made great effort to hide / conceal / disguise his embarrassment .
Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose weight. （为了减肥）
17. unify vt / vi 使成一体；统一 unite vt / vi 使联合／团结 united adj. 联合的；团结的
unity n. 团结；联合 union n. 协会；俱乐部；联盟
同心协力 make a united effort
学生会 the Student’s Union
United Kingdom / Nations
Union is strength . 团结就是力量
18. wise adj.明智的；聪明的 wisdom n. 智慧；才智
明智的决定 a wise decision
某人做某事是明智的 it is wise of sb to do sth .
A man of great wisdom often appears slow. 大智若愚
19. context n. 语境；上下文；背景
guess the meaning of the words from the context .
20. suffer vt 遭受；蒙受 vi 受苦
Suffering n. 苦难；痛苦；折磨
经受一系列苦难 go through a series of sufferings
遭受痛苦／失败／损失 suffer pain / failure / losses
因…而受苦；患…病 suffer from ( poverty / a cold / heart disease )
The incident evoked memories of his past sufferings .
21. erupt vt / vi 火山爆发 eruption n.爆发
1) An active volcano may erupt at any time .
2) eruption of violence
3) erupt into laughter / fury （某种情绪的）爆发
4) The room erupted again into thunderous / deafening cheers and applause .
22. supply n ./ vt .
1) n ．供应，供应量；补给品（常用复数）
学校医疗用品 school / medical supplies
供应和需求 supply and demand
切断电力供应 cut off the supply of electricity
Water is short of supply. 供应短缺
Male teachers are in great demand. （需求量大）
2) vt 供给；供应；提供
给…提供… supply sb with sth / supply sth to sb
区分 provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb offer sb sth / offer sth sb
The media supply us with large amounts of information every day. 给我们提供大量信息
24. in the open air 在户外；露天 outdoor activities 室外活动
Shall we put on a film in the open air
25. survive vt / vi survival n.幸存 survivor n. 幸存者
1）幸存；存活
在地震中幸免 survive the earthquake
靠…生存 survive on
为生存而斗争 struggle for survival
2) vt. 比…活得长
She survived her husband by ten years .
幸存几率 chances of survival
26. power n .
powerful adj. 指人）有权势的；有影响力的；指物）强有力的（反 powerless）
power failure 停电
nuclear / wind / solar power 核／风／太阳能
A is known to us , knowledge is power .
We should never ignore the power of nature / the press .
power of speech
come into power/be in power 当权
I’ll do everything in my power to help you .
27. tap vt / vi 轻叩／拍／敲 n. 水龙头；轻叩／拍／敲
1）敲门 tap on / at the door
2）拍某人的肩膀 tap sb. on the should
3) 开／关水龙头turn on / off the tap
28. whistle n / v .
1) The lifeguard blew his whistle . 吹口哨
2) The train whistled when it pulled into the station . 火车鸣笛
29. emergency n ．紧急情况 以防有情急情况发生 in case of emergency
30. calm vt / adj .
1) adj. 冷静的／平静的
keep calm
Her voice was surprisingly calm .
Her previous calm gave way to terror .
2) vt calm ( sb ) down 使平静／冷静下
Take a few deep breaths and calm yourself down .
2) eruption of violence 关力
s uppxler
n ．供应高
31. aid n ./ v . = assistance
1) n .
给．.．进行急救 do / perform / give / offer first aid to/on sb.
在…的帮助下 With the aid of …
帮助某人 come / go to one’s aid
助学金 financial aid
One of the staff saw his difficulty and came to my aid .
2) vt
帮助某人做某事 aid sb in ( doing ) sth
在某方面帮助某人 aid sb with sth
The Chinese government aided several African countriesWithmoney and technology .
32. on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
We don’t have enough food on hand for the party .
区分
at hand 在手边；在附近
keep a dictionary at hand while learning English .
33. crash v ./ n .
1) vt / vi 碰撞；撞击
crash into /onto 撞到…上
The plane crashed shortly after take-off. 坠毁
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her . 摔门而出
2) n ．撞车，碰撞；坠毁
火车/汽车碰撞事故 a train/car crash
The 5-year-old boy was the only one who survived the plane crash.
34. sweep - swept - swept
sweep away 扫走；消除
A wave of tiredness swept over her. 她感觉浑身疲惫。
35. wave v ./ n .
1)[ C ]
A wave of anger / loneliness swept over him 一股愤怒/孤独
A wave of panic spread through the crowd.
give sb a wave 向某人挥手
2) vt / vi
wave one’s hands
向某人挥手告别 wave sb goodbye / wave goodbye to sb .
36. strike - struck - struck stricken adj . 遭受…之灾的
1) The boy fell , striking his head on the table. 碰撞
2) The clock struck twelve o’clock just now. 敲响
3) Last month , many parts of China were struck by floods . 侵袭

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