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新教材北师大版 英语选择性必修第四册 UNIT 11
UNIT 11高频词汇 知识点清单
UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
高频词汇精讲
1. inquire vi.& vt.询问,打听
Please give me your account number, sir, and I'll inquire and make sure the issue is resolved as soon as possible.
先生,请把您的账号给我,我会尽快查询并确保这个问题得到解决。 (教材P111)
情景导学
She inquired of a passer-by where the station was.她问一个路人车站在哪里。
Inspectors were appointed to inquire into the affairs of the company.
检查员被任命调查该公司的事务。
Students have been calling all morning to inquire after their teacher.
整个上午学生们不断打电话来问候他们的老师。
I am writing to inquire about the opportunity to do the website maintenance for the Students' Union.我写信是为了询问为学生会做网站维护的机会。(写作—申请信)
用法归纳
①inquire into sth.调查/查究某事
②inquire about sth.打听/询问某事
③inquire after sb.向某人问好,问候某人
④inquire sth. of sb.向某人询问/打听某事
词汇拓展
①inquiry n.探究;调查;询问
②inquirer n.询问者;调查者
2. annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的
I'm somewhat annoyed with myself recently.我最近对自己有点生气。(教材P111)
情景导学
I was annoyed that they hadn't turned up.我恼怒的是他们没有露面。
I was annoyed about/at his attitude towards the thing.他对这件事的态度使我很生气。
The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.
老板对他很生气,因为他这个月经常上班迟到。
用法归纳
①be annoyed 　with sb.对某人生气
②be annoyed 　about/at　 sth.因某事而生气
③be annoyed 　that /to do... (某人)恼怒的是(做)……
词汇拓展
①annoying adj.令人讨厌的,令人恼怒的
Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open.
她最让人讨厌的习惯就是张着嘴吃东西。
②annoy vt.使恼怒,使生气
It annoys/annoyed sb. to do...让某人生气的是做……
It annoys me to see him getting ahead of me.我看见他领先于我心里就不痛快。
③annoyance n.恼怒;生气;烦恼
3. ashamed adj.内疚的,惭愧的,羞愧的;羞于
I'm ashamed to admit that I really struggle with myself about playing mobile games.
我不好意思承认我在玩手机游戏时真的很纠结。 (教材P111)
情景导学
I am ashamed to say that I lied to her.我羞于说我向她撒了谎。
She was ashamed that she was shabby.她因为自己衣衫褴褛而感到羞愧。
We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞愧。(2020全国Ⅰ)
用法归纳
①be ashamed 　of ...因……感到惭愧
②be ashamed 　to do sth.羞于做某事
③be ashamed that... (某人)羞愧的是……
词汇拓展
①shame n.羞耻,羞愧,惭愧;憾事;耻辱
What a shame/pity! 真遗憾/可惜!
to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是
It's a shame that... 真遗憾……
To my shame, I never did something for you when you were in trouble.
令我惭愧的是,在你有困难的时候,我从来没有为你做过什么。
It's a shame that Mr. Smith cannot attend tomorrow's party because of his sudden illness.很遗憾,史密斯先生因为突然生病不能参加明天的聚会了。
②shameful adj.可耻的
shameful behavior 可耻的行为
4. assign vt.分配,分派,指派(任务)
By assigning yourself a goal, you will know what you have to finish by the end of the time.通过给自己指定一个目标,你就会知道到这段时间结束时你必须完成什么。(教材P112)
情景导学
The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.
老师给每个儿童布置的作业都不同。
The forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping.
军队已经被派遣协助维持和平。
用法归纳
①assign sb. 　to do sth.指派某人做某事
②assign sth. 　to sb.=assign sb. sth.把某事物分配/分派给某人
词汇拓展
assignment n.任务,作业;分派,布置
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course.
课程期间学生将分组合作以完成四项作业。 (2022全国新高考Ⅰ)
5. complaint n.投诉,抱怨
He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.在邻居们投诉(他)扰乱治安后,他搬出了租来的公寓。 (教材P30)
情景导学
I'm writing to you to make a complaint about your product.
我写信给你是为了对你们的产品提出投诉。 (写作—投诉信)
用法归纳
①make a complaint 　about /against...对……提出投诉
②a flood of complaints大量投诉
词汇拓展
complain v.抱怨
complain (to sb.) about/of... (向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth. 诉说(病情或痛苦)
The couple complained to their friends about the high cost of visiting Europe.
这对夫妇向他们的朋友抱怨到欧洲旅行的高昂花费。
6. vote n.投票(指行为);票数;表决v.投票;表决
We took a vote, and came to a resolution.
我们进行投票,达成了一项决议。 (教材P30)
情景导学
Let's have a vote on it.让我们就此事进行表决吧。
We voted for Jim's idea about the program.我们投票赞成吉姆关于这个项目的主意。
People voted against Henry who often tells lies.人们投票反对经常说谎的亨利。
The people of the states will vote to elect a new president.
各州的人民将投票选举新总统。
Congress is now debating the motion and will vote on it shortly.
现在国会正在讨论这项动议,不久将对此进行表决。
用法归纳
①take/have a vote 　on sth.对某事物进行表决
②vote 　for /　against sb./sth.投票赞成/反对某人/某事物
③vote 　on sth.就某事物表决
④vote 　to do sth.投票做某事
词汇拓展
voter n.选举人,投票人
7. warning n.警告,警示;告诫;先兆 adj.警告性的
We gave Ma Ming a warning.我们警告了马明。 (教材P30)
情景导学
The soldiers opened fire without warning.士兵们在没有先兆的情况下开了火。
Doctors issued a warning against eating any fish caught in that river.
医生发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的任何鱼。
She said nothing but gave him a warning look.
她什么都没说,但给了他一个警告的眼神。(读后续写—神态描写)
用法归纳
①without warning 在没有先兆的情况下
②a verbal/written warning 口头/书面警告
③issue/give a warning 　against ...发出警告不要……
④a word of warning一句提醒,一句警告
⑤a health warning健康警告
⑥a flood/tornado warning洪水/龙卷风警报
⑦a warning signal/sign警告信号/警示标志
词汇拓展
warn v.警告;提醒注意;告诫
warn sb. that... 提醒某人注意……
warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事物
warn sb. to do sth. 警告/告诫某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth.=warn sb. against doing sth. 警告/告诫某人不要做某事
They warned him of/about the dangers of sailing alone.
他们提醒他注意独自航行的重重危险。
I warned you not to walk home alone.=I warned you against walking home alone.
我告诫过你不要一个人步行回家。
8. departure n.离开,起程
Ma Ming's departure has pleased his neighbours.
马明的离开让他的邻居们很高兴。 (教材P30)
情景导学
A few days after our departure from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.我们离开营地几天后,我们的车完全陷在泥里了。 (译林选择性必修三)
Do you know what lies behind her sudden departure for London
你知道她突然去伦敦的真正原因吗
用法归纳
①departure 　for ...起程去……
②departure 　from ...离开……
词汇拓展
depart v.离开,起程,出发
depart for... 起程去……
depart from... 离开……;从……出发
In the morning Mr. McDonald departed for Sydney.麦克唐纳先生早上起程去了悉尼。
Flights for Rome depart from Terminal 3.飞往罗马的班机从3号航站楼出发。
9. tolerate vt.忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容
He could no longer tolerate it.他再也忍受不了了。 (教材P31)
情景导学
The teacher doesn't tolerate eating in class.老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。
Chinese parents won't tolerate their children knocking on the bowl with chopsticks when having dinner.
中国的父母不容许他们的孩子在用餐时用筷子敲碗。(写作—餐桌礼仪)
用法归纳
①tolerate 　doing sth.容许做某事
②tolerate sb. 　 doing sth.容许某人做某事
词汇拓展
①tolerance n.容忍;宽恕
②tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的
be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容
As a good leader, she was always tolerant towards different views.
作为一名优秀的领导者,她对不同的观点总是很包容。
③tolerantly adv.宽容地,容忍地
④tolerable adj.可忍受的;过得去的
⑤tolerably adv.相当;尚可
10. bother v.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼;花费时间/精力;给……造成麻烦
She added that it wasn't only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
她补充说,让他们生气的不仅是史密斯给他的植物浇水时洒落到他们阳台上的水,还有他清理鱼缸的方式。(教材P31)
情景导学
I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至都没通知我他要来。
I don't know why you bother with that crowd.我弄不懂你为什么和那伙人浪费时间。
My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。 (2020浙江)
It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,我便坐立不安。
用法归纳
①bother 　to do /doing sth. 花费时间/精力做某事
②bother sb. 　with /about sth. 使某人为某事操心;为某事麻烦某人
③It bothers sb. 　 to do /that...使某人烦恼/不安的是(做)……
④bother about/　 with ...在……上花费时间/精力
⑤can't/couldn't be bothered 　 to do sth.不想花时间/精力做某事
⑥Why bother 何必那么麻烦
⑦Don't bother. 不用麻烦了。
11. withdraw v.(使)退出(活动、组织等);(使)撤回;取(款);不与人交往
This does not solve any problem and the person who withdraws feels more and more angry with the other person.
这并不能解决任何问题,并且退出的人会对对方感到越来越生气。(教材P113)
情景导学
She's beginning to withdraw into herself.她开始变得不爱与人交往了。
This credit card allows you to withdraw up to $100,000 a day from cash dispensers.
这张信用卡可以让你一天从自动取款机上提取最多10万美元。
She'd half expected him to withdraw from the course.
她多少已经预料到他会退出这门课程。(读后续写—心理描写)
用法归纳
①withdraw 　into oneself离群索居,不与人交往
②withdraw 　from ...从……撤出/退出
③withdraw...　 from ...从……提取……;使……从……撤回;使……退出……
词汇拓展
withdrawal n.撤走;取回;退出;(从银行账户中)提款,取款
You can make withdrawals of up to $10,000 a day.
你一天可以从银行账户中提取最多1万美元。
12. panic n.惊恐,惶恐,惊慌v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措
The calm ended and panic set in.平静结束了,恐慌开始了。 (教材P36)
情景导学
The men on board were in panic.船上的人惊慌失措。
You have been studying hard, so there's no need for you to get into a panic about the exams.你一直都努力学习,所以你没有必要为考试而陷入恐慌。 (写作—建议信)
Rumours panicked many citizens into flooding into supermarkets to buy salt.
谣言令许多市民仓皇地涌入超市买盐。
用法归纳
①　in (a) panic 恐慌(地),惊慌失措(地)
②get 　into a panic 陷入恐慌
③a moment of panic一时惊慌
④the panic over/about...对……的恐慌
⑤panic sb. 　into doing sth.使某人仓皇地做某事
⑥Don't panic!别慌!
特别提醒
panic的过去式和过去分词分别是panicked、panicked。
词汇拓展
panicky adj.焦虑不安的,惊慌的
13. distribute vt.分发,分配,分送;使分布;分销
Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.
比尔把啤酒分给我们,我们喝了很多。 (教材P37)
情景导学
The money was distributed among schools in the area.
这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
Most of China's data centers are distributed in the eastern regions at present.
目前,中国大部分数据中心分布在东部地区。(China Daily)
用法归纳
①distribute...　to ...把……分发/分配给……
②distribute...　among ...在……中分发/分配……
词汇拓展
①distribution n.分配;分布;分发,分送;经销
②distributor n.经销商;分销商
14. dozen num.一打;十几个
Well, the VIPs happened to be a general and a group of about a dozen people.
嗯,贵宾碰巧是一位将军和一群人,有大约十几个。(教材P37)
情景导学
We already have many pencils, but we need two dozen of the pens.
我们已有许多铅笔,但我们需要两打钢笔。
We buy eggs by the dozen, which means at least twelve at a time.
我们成打地买鸡蛋,也就是说一次至少买十二个。
When the supermarket opens in the morning, you can get a discount if you buy two dozen eggs or more.当超市早上开门时,如果你买两打或更多的鸡蛋,你可以获得折扣。
The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.
大火还造成数十人受伤,其中5人伤情危急。
用法归纳
①dozens 　of 许多;几十个
②　by the dozen大量地;成打地
③dozen与具体数字连用时,其后一般不接介词　of ;但当dozen后面的名词被the、
these、those等词限定或其后接的是us、them这样的人称代词时,dozen后要接介词of 。
15. appreciation n.感激;欣赏;理解,同情
As the general handed him the watch, “from the army, to show our appreciation,” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.
当将军将那块“来自军队,为了表示我们的感谢”的表递给他时,这个孩子几乎是将表扔回给他。 (教材P37)
情景导学
She wanted to show her appreciation for their selfless service.
她想对他们无私的服务表示感谢。 (读后续写—心理描写)
Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
请接受这份礼物,作为对你为我们所做的一切的感谢。
Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.理解了妈妈的好意,我感激地吃她提供的所有食物。 (2020全国Ⅲ)
用法归纳
①with appreciation 感激地
②show/express one's appreciation 　for ... 对……表示感谢
③in appreciation 　of ... 作为对……的感谢
④develop an appreciation of... 培养对……的欣赏力
词汇拓展
①appreciate v.欣赏;感激;领会
appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 假如……,我将不胜感激。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何问题,请告诉我们。
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。 (写作—申请信)
②appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的
16. ban vt.禁止,取缔 n.禁令,禁止
In my opinion, we should go further and ban advertisements for any unhealthy products such as alcohol and fried food.
在我看来,我们应该更进一步,禁止任何不健康产品的广告,如酒和油炸食品。(教材P40)
情景导学
A great many smokers also support the ban on smoking in public.
很多烟民也支持禁止在公共场所吸烟。
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers.
在过去的七年里,大多数州都禁止司机发短信。 (2022全国新高考Ⅱ)
He says there is a new law that bans drivers from talking on the phone while driving.
他说有一项新法律禁止司机开车时打电话。
Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back.
自2001年起,该酒店就禁止伯奇尔入住,现在欢迎他回来。 (2021全国甲)
用法归纳
①a/the ban 　on sth.针对……的禁令
②impose/lift a ban (on...) 颁布/解除(对……的)禁令
③ban sth.禁止某事(物)
④ban sb. 　from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事;禁止某人去某处
17. harm vt.伤害 n.损害,危害
Undoubtedly, unhealthy products harm our health.
毫无疑问,不健康的产品危害我们的健康。(教材P40)
情景导学
The court case will do serious harm to my business.
这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
He may say no, but there's no harm in asking.他可能会说不,但问一问也无妨。
用法归纳
①harm the environment损害环境
②do harm to sb./sth.=do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害
③There is no harm 　in (sb.'s) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
做某事(对某人来说)没有害处。
④physical/emotional harm身体/情感伤害
⑤mean no harm 没有恶意
易混辨析
harm 指“损害,使受伤害”,可用于抽象事物
wound 指“伤害,使受伤”,主要指枪、刀、剑等武器对身体造成的创伤,也可指感情上的伤害;作为及物动词,其宾语是整个人而不是受伤的部位
injure 指“使受伤,伤害”,尤其指在事故中受到伤害,常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响
hurt 指“使人的肉体受伤或疼痛”或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”,用作形容词时只能作表语,不能作定语
Tom injured his leg in an accident and a robber wounded him in the shoulder that hurt badly, which harmed his future.
汤姆在一次事故中伤了腿,一个抢劫犯打伤了他的肩膀,肩膀痛得厉害,这损害了他的将来.
词汇拓展
①harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth.果汁可能会损坏儿童的牙齿。
②harmless adj.无害的
18. conclude v.作出结论,推断出;(使)结束;达成(协定)
To conclude, laws to ban TV advertisements for unhealthy products are beneficial to society.总之,禁止不健康产品的电视广告的法律对社会是有益的。 (教材P40)
情景导学
What do you conclude from that 你从那件事中得出了什么结论
He concludes each chapter with a short summary.他以一个简短的总结结束每一章。
He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他从他们的言论中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
It was concluded that the level of change necessary would be low.
结论是,需要作出的变更程度很低。
To conclude, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of the water shortage.
总之,世界各地的人应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。(写作—节约用水)
用法归纳
①to conclude总之,最后
②It is concluded that...结论是……
③conclude...　from ...从……中推断出……
④conclude (from...)　that ... (从……中)推断出……
⑤conclude sth. 　with sb./sth.与某人达成协定,以某物结束某事物
词汇拓展
conclusion n.结论,推论;结束,结局;达成
in conclusion(=to conclude) 总之;最后
reach/draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论
reach/come to the conclusion that... 断定……;得出……结论
jump/leap to the conclusion that...贸然断定……
In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise.综上所述,散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。(写作—散步的好处)
From his lesson, we reach/come to the conclusion that it is not difficult to learn English well if we find a good way.
从他的课上我们得出结论,如果我们找到好的方法,那么学好英语并不难。
19. beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的,有用的
To conclude, laws to ban TV advertisements for unhealthy products are beneficial to society.总之,禁止不健康产品的电视广告的法律对社会是有益的。 (教材P40)
情景导学
Personally, I think this plan is very beneficial to us students.
我个人认为这个计划对我们学生非常有益。
Working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first.
早餐前锻炼可能比先吃早餐更有益于健康。 (2020江苏)
用法归纳
be beneficial 　to /　for ...对……有益
词汇拓展
benefit v.得益;对……有好处;使受益 n.好处;利益;优势
benefit from/by... 从……中受益;得益于……
get/gain (a) benefit from... 从……中受益
for the benefit of sb.=for sb.'s benefit为了某人的利益
Every one of us can benefit from physical exercise.
我们每个人都能从体育锻炼中受益。(写作—体育锻炼)
We need people working for the benefit of the community.
我们需要为社区利益工作的人。
20. recovery n.康复,痊愈;改善,复苏;收回
Although doctors don't fully understand comas and the process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.尽管医生们并不完全了解昏迷和康复的过程,但人们普遍认同,病人处于昏迷状态的时间越长,康复的可能性就会变小。(教材P43)
情景导学
My father has made a full recovery from the operation.我父亲手术后已完全康复了。
The operation was a success. She's now in recovery.手术很成功,她现在正在恢复中。
用法归纳
①in recovery在恢复中
②(a) recovery 　from ...从……中恢复/痊愈
③make a full recovery完全康复
④make a quick/slow recovery恢复迅速/缓慢
⑤an economic recovery经济复苏
⑥a recovery in... ……方面的改善/复苏
词汇拓展
recover v.恢复健康,康复;恢复常态;找回,寻回;恢复;重新控制
recover from... 从……中恢复过来
recover oneself 镇定下来
recover sth. (from...) (从……)寻回某物
The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings.警方最终追回了失窃的油画。
The player is under good treatment and he will recover from his injury before long.
这名运动员正在接受良好的治疗,不久就会从受伤中康复。
21. request n.& vt.请求,要求
Staff at a famous company is used to dealing with requests for compensation following poor weather, cancelled flights and lost luggage...
一家著名公司的员工习惯了处理恶劣天气、航班取消和行李丢失后的赔偿金请求…… (教材P45)
情景导学
They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。
At the request of the teachers/At the teachers' request the professor will give us a lecture.应老师们的请求,这位教授将给我们讲课。
The committee requested a grant from the Government to cover the extra expense.
委员会请求政府拨款以支付这笔额外的费用。
My parents requested me to learn a second language.=My parents requested that I (should) learn a second language.我父母要求我学习第二语言。
It is requested that all the visitors (should) not take any pictures of paintings in the exhibition.根据要求,所有参观者都不应给展览会上的画拍任何照片。(写作—参观展览)
用法归纳
①make a request 　for /that...请求/要求……
②at sb.'s request/the request of sb. 应某人的要求
③request sth. from ...向……请求某物
④request sb. 　to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事
⑤request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事
⑥It is requested that sb. (should) do sth.据要求,某人做某事。
特别提醒
动词request后的宾语从句,主语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
negotiate v.谈判,协商;商定,达成(协议) negotiate with sb. about/for sth. 就某事和某人进行协商 negotiate sth. with sb. 和某人商定某事
negotiation n.协商;谈判 under negotiation 在商谈中 in negotiation with 和……协商
resolve v.解决(问题、困难);决心,决定;作出决议,表决 n.决心;坚定的信念 resolve an issue/a conflict/a crisis/differences 解决问题/冲突/危机/分歧 resolve on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事 resolve to do sth.决定做某事
resolution n.解决;决心,决定;决议 resolved adj.下定决心的;坚定的 solve v.解决(问题)　settle v.解决(分歧、纠纷等)
inconvenience n.不便,麻烦 convenience n.[U]便利,方便;[C]方便的用具 for convenience 为了方便起见 for sb.'s convenience=for the convenience of sb. 为了方便某人 at sb.'s convenience 在某人方便的时候,在某人适宜的地点 convenient adj.方便的,便利的 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的。
monitor v.监督;监视;监测,检测 n.显示器,监视器;监控器;班长 The computer will monitor all of the car's movements.电脑会监测汽车的所有活动。 a remote monitor远程监控器 a class monitor班长
pack v.打包;包装;挤满,塞满n.一捆;包,包裹;一伙,一帮;一群 pack A in/into B把A装入 Bpack up 把……打包,收拾行李;停止,结束 a pack of 一包;一群(动物或人);一盒
remote adj.偏僻的,偏远的;久远的;远程的;远亲的 n.遥控器 in the remote future在遥远的将来 remote education 远程教育 remote control n.遥控;遥控器
remoteness n.遥远,偏僻
edge n.边,边缘;刀刃;优势(生义) on the edge of... 在……的边上 on the edge of one's seat极为激动
pleasant adj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的;令人愉快的,宜人的,吸引人的 please v.使愉快;使满意 pleased adj.高兴的,愉快的;满意的 be pleased with... 对……满意 be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事 pleasing adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的
keen adj.着迷的,有强烈兴趣的;热情的,热心的;渴望的,热切的 be keen on sb./sth./doing sth.
对某人/某物/做某事着迷/有兴趣 be keen to do sth./on doing
sth.渴望/热衷于做某事
display vt.展示,陈列n.显示;陈列;表演 on display陈列;展出 a firework display烟火表演
representative n.代表,代理人 represent vt.代表,表示;象征;
描绘;声称;清楚说明 representation n.代表;表现;陈述
greet vt.问候,迎接,招呼 greet sb. with...用……与某人打招呼
greetings n.[pl.]问候的话;祝词;贺词 holiday greetings 节日的问候
incident n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件 This was a very unfortunate incident. 这是一次非常不幸的事件。
event n.大事;事件 affair n.事件;事情;事务
greed n.[U]贪欲,贪婪;贪吃 greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的;贪吃的;渴望的 be greedy for...渴望得到…… greedily adv.贪婪地
经典结构
1. 助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词
I do understand why you are upset 我确实理解你为什么难过 (教材P28)
情景导学
She does work very hard at her English.她学习英语真的很用功。
Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来,他果真来了。
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
如果你有一份工作,一定要全身心投入其中,最后你会成功的。
Knowing you are interested in China, I do believe you can help me solve the puzzle.
知道你对中国感兴趣,我真的相信你能帮我解决这个难题。 (写作—跨文化交流)
用法归纳
①助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中,意为“确实”“果真”“真的”“的确”等。
②在祈使句中,do表示强烈的请求,而不是命令,有时它可以使邀请对方的态度更加客气、热情、友好,而且亲切,可译为“务必”。
2. not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
She added that it wasn't only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
她补充说,使他们苦恼的不仅是史密斯给他的植物浇水时洒落到他们阳台上的水,还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。(教材P31)
情景导学
Not only he but also you are wrong.不但他错了,你也错了。
There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.
在那里,他不仅是一名优秀的学生,而且成了一名技艺高超的公众演说家。 (2020江苏)
Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food, but it also maintains the balance of nature.
海洋不仅为我们提供了足够的食物,而且还维持了自然的平衡。(写作—海洋的重要性)
用法归纳
①not only...but also...可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语 、宾语、表语、状语等。
②not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则。
③not only...but also...还可以连接两个并列的分句。当其连接两个分句时,若not only位于分句句首,则not only所在的分句要用倒装 语序,but also所在的分句不用。
3. be doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……
We'd be sitting there happily reading our newspapers, when suddenly...
我们本来正开开心心地坐在那里看报纸,这时突然…… (教材P31)
情景导学
I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.
我正在我的房间里坐着,我的猫Smartie趴在我的大腿上,这时屋顶刚好飞掉了。
(外研必修三)
I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering.
我正站在车旁边,这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心,开始盘旋。(2023浙江1月)
用法归纳
be(通常是was/were)doing...when...意为“正在做……,这时(突然)……”,其中的when是并列 连词。
结构拓展
并列连词when还可以构成以下结构:
had just done...when...刚做完……这时……
be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
4. so...that...引导结果状语从句
...so much water would come from above that we'd be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!
……很多水从上而降,我们被淋湿,就好像穿着衣服洗了澡一样! (教材P31)
情景导学
She danced so beautifully that everyone screamed.
她跳得如此好,以至于每个人都尖叫起来。
He told so interesting a story that we all laughed.
他讲了一个如此有趣的故事,我们都笑了起来。
It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
它太小了,我们不得不把手提箱放在走廊里。(2021全国新高考Ⅰ)
They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.
他们递给他如此多的卡片,以至于好几个大盒子装满了。(2019天津)
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他受到的教育太少,不适合做这项工作。
So fast did he walk that we didn't keep up with him.他走得如此快,我们跟不上他。
用法归纳
①so...that...意为“如此……以致……”,引导结果状语从句,基本结构如下:
so+形容词 /副词 +that从句
so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that从句
so+ many /few+可数名词复数+that从句
so+much/ little +不可数名词+that从句
②当so...that...引导结果状语从句时,如果so位于句首,则so所在的主句要用倒装语序。
结构拓展
such...that...也可以引导结果状语从句,其基本结构如下:
such+a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句
such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句
当such位于句首时,such所在的主句也要用倒装语序。
Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.
我们得到这么好的消息,以至于每个人都很兴奋。
长难句
Sentence 1
译文　迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说,尽管迈奇平时是个平和、友善的人,但他还是因为确定再三被淋湿而被迫做出这种暴力的行为。
Sentence 2
译文　她补充说,使他们苦恼的不仅是史密斯给他的植物浇水时洒落到他们阳台上的水,还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
Sentence 3
译文　他们中的一个人用英语说,他在英国工作过几年,他受够了这场战争,如果战争结束,他会很高兴。
Sentence 4
译文　那是我仅有的一次让别人明白我的感受。
必备语法
情态动词
一、情态动词的特点
情景导学
I used to play here as a boy.
Rose might become upset about the news.
John has to work on alternate Sundays.
Liu Mei will go and buy the tickets for the games.
You needn't watch the game if you don't want to.
Don't worry. You shall have the tickets for the games.
用法归纳
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,通常与动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词有can、could、be able to、may、might、must、have to、shall、should、ought to、will、would、used to、dare和need。情态动词(除have to、be able to外)通常无人称和数的变化。
二、情态动词的用法
(一)can、could与be able to
情景导学
—Can/Could I use your computer for a moment
—Yes, you can.
My brother can play table tennis.
At that time the little girl couldn't speak.
—Can this be true
—It can't/couldn't be true.
It can be quite cold here in winter.
He was able to fulfil himself through his painting.
I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter in time.
Science may be able to provide some explanations of paranormal (超自然的) phenomena.
用法归纳
1.can和could表示许可、请求和建议。could比can语气更委婉。
2.can和could可以表示能力,相当于be able to。can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
3.can和could还可以表示推测。can通常用于否定 句和疑问句中,could可用于各种句式中。can还可以表示偶尔发生的情况,含“有时会”的意思。
4.be able to表示具体的能力,与can的用法接近。但be able to有人称和数的变化,时态形式比can更多样,还可以用在may、might、should等情态动词和want、need等动词后。
(二)may与might
情景导学
May you succeed!
Mary may/might know my phone number.
—May/Might I watch TV after supper, Mum
—Yes, you may/can./No, you can't/mustn't. You need to have a good rest.
If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we may/might as well give up the idea of playing tennis outside.
用法归纳
1.may用于祈使句中,可以表示祝愿。
2.may和might可以表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might表示的可能性比may表示的可能性小。
3.may和might还可以表示许可、请求和建议。might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答时一般用may或can,否定回答时可用can't或mustn't ,表示“不可以”或“禁止”。用“May I... ”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用“Can I... ”在口语中更常见。
4.固定搭配:may/might as well表示“还是……为好,不妨……”。
(三)must与have to
情景导学
I'm so tired. I must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
—Must we hand in our exercise books today
—Yes, you must./No, you don't have to./No, you needn't.
Must you spoil everything
用法归纳
1.must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。
2.must可以表示推测、可能性(用于肯定的陈述句),意为“一定是,肯定是”。
3.在回答以must(必须,一定)开头的一般疑问句时,如果是否定回答,一般不用mustn't(禁止,不准),而应用needn't或don't have to (不必)。
4.must还可以表示“非要;偏要;偏偏”。
(四)shall、should与ought to
情景导学
The president shall hold office for five years.
What shall we do this evening
You shall fail if you don't work hard.
I don't know why you should think that I did it.
We should/ought to all work together to draw a new and better blueprint for the sake of succeeding generations.
用法归纳
1.shall用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等,表示规定。
2.shall用于主语为第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见。
3.shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的决心或给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
4.should可以表示说话人的意外、惊讶等情绪,意为“竟然 ”。
5.should与ought to表示义务或建议,意为“应该”;两者也可以表示可能性,意思相当于will probably。
(五)will、would与used to
情景导学
Fish will die without water.
Will/Would you pass me the ball, please
I will help you if you're in trouble.
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
He used to be late, but now he is the first one to arrive at school every day.
用法归纳
1.will可以表示一般规律或真理,意为“通常会,注定会”。
2.will、would可以表示请求、建议等,would语气更委婉。
3.will、would可以表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿;would用于过去的情况,也可表示现在的意愿,但语气比will更委婉。
4.would和used to都可以表示过去的习惯,但would比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”之意,而used to所表示的过去的习惯现在通常已经没有了。
(六)dare与need
情景导学
He dare not go to school alone.
Need I tell her the news at once
Jack needs to help her because she is in trouble.
用法归纳
1.dare和need作情态动词时,常用于疑问句和否定句中。
2.这两个词也可以用作实义动词,后常接动词不定式作宾语。
(七)情态动词后接完成式的用法
情景导学
It's only five minutes' walk. We needn't have taken a taxi.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
He can't have gone abroad; I saw him ten minutes ago.
It's too late. You could have told him earlier.
They may/might not have known it beforehand.
You should/ought to have studied harder.
If he had worked hard, he would have passed the College Entrance Examination.
用法归纳
1.needn't have done表示过去做了本来不必做的事情。
2.must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测,语气较强,意思是“一定,肯
定”。
3.can/could have done一般用于否定句、疑问句中,表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定,could的语气较弱,其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done ,意为“不可能”。could have done还可以表示过去本来可以做某事而未做。
4.may/might have done用于对已经发生过的情况进行不确定的推测,might的语气稍弱,通常不用于疑问句中。might have done还可表示过去可能发生而实际未发生。
5.should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做而实际上没有做,其否定形式则表示已经做了不该做的事情,含有责备的意思。ought to的语气比should强烈。
6.在虚拟条件句中,如果表示与过去 事实相反的情况,从句用过去完成时,而主句则用
“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式,即would/could/should/might have done。
近义动词
　　几组常见的近义动词:
一、divide与separate
情景导学
The physical benefits of exercise can be divided into three factors.
Those suffering from infectious diseases were separated from the other patients.
用法归纳
1.divide指的是把人或物分成若干等份,常与介词into连用。
2.separate指的是将一个整体的物品分开或将两个靠近的物品分开,使其不在一起,常与介词from连用。
二、contain与include
情景导学
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
This exhibition contains many works of the most famous artists and some environmental experts.
用法归纳
1.contain指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分,一般不用于进行时态。
2.include指的是把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。
三、celebrate与congratulate
情景导学
I congratulated them all on their results.
How do people celebrate New Year in your country
用法归纳
1.celebrate侧重指以仪式、典礼等活动庆祝令人欢乐的事件或日子。
2.congratulate常用搭配congratulate sb. on sth.,意为“祝贺某人某事”。
四、accuse、blame、charge与scold
情景导学
He was charged with murder.
He scolded them for arriving late.
The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.
用法归纳
1.accuse指的是直接而严厉地指出某人的过错并加以谴责,也可指对犯错误的人的指控或控告。常用搭配accuse sb. of (doing) sth.,意为“控告某人(做)某事”。
2.blame指的是责备某人做了错事或坏事。常用搭配blame sb. for sth.,意为“因某事而责备某人”;blame sth. on sb./sth.,意为“把某事归咎于某人/某事”;be to blame (for sth.),
意为“(对坏事)负有责任”。
3.charge指的是因小的过错而受到责备,也可指因违法而受到控告。常用搭配charge sb. with (doing) sth.,意为“指责/指控某人(做)某事”。
4.scold指的是上级或长辈对下级或晚辈的不良举止进行不含惩罚性的责备或责骂。常用搭配scold sb. for (doing) sth.,意为“因(做)某事而责骂某人”。
五、glance、glare与stare
情景导学
He didn't shout; he just glared at me silently.
I glanced up quickly to see who had come in.
Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head.
用法归纳
1.glance指的是速度非常快地看一看某人或某物的大体轮廓或粗略地浏览某物,常与at、
around、up、down、over、through等连用。
2.glare指的是由于愤怒而直直地盯着、瞪着某人或某物,常与介词at连用。
3.stare指的是由于深思或惊吓而盯着、凝视某人或某物,常与介词at连用。
六、award与reward
情景导学
She was awarded the prize for both films.
She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
用法归纳
1.award 指的是正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予,也可指法庭裁决判给。常用搭配award sb. sth. (for sth.)或award sth. to sb. (for sth.),意为“(因某事而)授予某人某物”。
2.reward 指的是酬劳、奖赏、回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般跟人或人的行为作宾语。常用搭配reward sb. with sth.“用某物奖励某人”和reward sb. for (doing) sth.“因(做)某事而奖赏某人”。
七、beat、defeat与win
情景导学
They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.
They beat/defeated South Korea by a score of 3 to 2.
He does not have any realistic chance of winning the election.
用法归纳
1.beat和defeat都可指在游戏或比赛中击败某人或某团队,但defeat还可指击败敌人或敌军。
2.win指的是在较强的竞争中取得胜利,后面常跟的宾语有fame、prize、battle、respect、
election等。
八、advise、convince与persuade
情景导学
I'd advise you not to tell him.
I convinced/persuaded him to see a doctor.
I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.
用法归纳
1.advise指的是劝告某人,只表示劝告的动作,不表明结果如何。常用搭配advise sb. (not) to do sth.“劝告某人(不)做某事”。
2.convince和persuade指的是成功地说服某人,强调说服、劝服的结果 。常用搭配convince sb. to do sth.和persuade sb. to do/into doing sth.,意为“说服某人做某事”。
九、fit、suit与match
情景导学
The carpets should match the curtains.
It's a small house but it suits our needs.
These shoes don't fit me. Have you got a larger size
用法归纳
1.fit往往指某物在尺寸或形状方面适合某人。
2.suit侧重指某物符合某人的口味、需求,也可指服装与颜色、款式等相配或适合。
3.match指的是两个物体在大小、色调、形状、性质等方面相配,还可指人在能力水平上的相配。

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