资源简介

题型微解3：词义猜测题
词义猜测题考查学生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇等理解生词的能力。主要考查形式有：代词指代题、猜测单词题、猜测词组题、猜测句意题。
(1)代词指代题
代词指代题考查考生对文中的代词所替代的内容的判断。
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
...
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior，” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand－held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
　What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. 　 B. Data. 　
C. Tests. 　 D. Laws.
【解题流程】
(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：something, refer to。
(2)由画线词所在的句子“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior”可知，something由定语从句that can change people’s behavior修饰，所以something是指能够改变人们的行为的事情。再根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, ‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律，选D项。
　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
In the mid－1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24－year－old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。由第一段可知，他回乌兹别克斯坦是为了写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。由第二段第一句(然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止那件事)可知，画线单词指的是写一篇关于咸海的文章。故选D项。
　(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it．
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The book.
B. An adventure.
C. A public place.
D. The identification number.
答案　A
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句中“... hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”(希望这本书会有一次冒险，与每一位找到它的新读者一起四处旅行)可知， it应该指代上文提到的“书”。故选A项。
(2)猜测单词题
猜测单词题考查考生根据上下文推断单词的能力。
(2023·全国乙卷)
...
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,_we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
　What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem.　　　　　　 B. History.
C. Voice. D. Society.
【解题流程】
(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：conversation。
(2)根据本段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects”可知，conversation指的是历史(history)，故B项正确。
　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
...
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
1. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear－up. B. Add－on.
C. Check－in. D. Take－over.
答案　A
解析　猜测单词题。根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。
　(2023·浙江1月卷)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
2. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Arguments. B. Doubts.
C. Errors. D. Differences.
答案　C
解析　猜测单词题。根据wrinkles所在句子的上一句“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(这可能会导致人类不会犯的那种错误)”可知， wrinkles 指代的是此句中的errors。故选C项。
(3)猜测词组题
猜测词组题考查考生根据上下文推断词组的能力。
(2023·全国甲卷)
Terri Bolton is a_dab_hand when it comes to DIY(do－it－yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
　Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner.
C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
【解题流程】
(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：a dab hand。
(2)根据第二句“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself”可知，泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是DIY方面的专家，故C项为正确答案。
　(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
...
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate_to．
1. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
答案　A
解析　猜测词组题。根据文章选段尾句“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to”可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为“理解”。故选A项。
　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
...
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark_on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
2. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose.
C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
答案　C
解析　猜测词组题。根据文章选段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及画线词前的“one of the first(第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，画线词的含义与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
(4)猜测句意题
猜测句意题考查考生根据上下文推断句子的本意或外延含义的能力。
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit_home_for_me as I was sitting with my 2－year－old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me.
B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me.
D. Worked quite well on me.
【解题流程】
(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：hit home for me。
(2)根据文章内容第一段可知，作者是一名记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。画线词前面的This应指代上文，而后面的句子说，“当在春节假期作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我……”。
(3)四个选项逐个代入，可知画线词与B项相符。
　(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)
...
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
1. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
答案　A
解析　猜测句意题。根据文章选段中的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch”可知，正在午餐的袭击者被攻击了，也就是角色、事情发生翻转。故选A项。
　(2015·江苏卷)
...
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There_could_be_only_one_result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
2. What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Athens would continue to be free.
B. Athens would cease to have freedom.
C. Freedom would come from responsibility.
D. Freedom would stop Athens from self－dependence.
答案　B
解析　猜测句意题。根据文章选段第三句“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.(如果人们坚持摆脱自力更生的负担和对共同利益的责任，他们就不再是自由的)”可知，唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。

展开更多......

收起↑