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2024 年广东中考英语专项复习题
阅读理解——科普说明文类(一)
阅读短文， 从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案，并将对应题目所选的选项写在题前的括号内。
(Ⅰ)
A large amount of plastic waste is thrown into the ocean every year. It makes the lives in the sea dangerous. This situation was noticed by Nancy when she was doing some research for her school project two years ago.
According to a study, the world produces nearly 300 million metric tons of plastic waste every year. 10 million tons of plastic pieces reach the ocean. About 500 billion single-use plastic bags are used worldwide every year.
After doing some research, Nancy realized that the plastic waste problem was severe. In order to tell more people not to use plastic bags, she decided to sell food in reusable jars(玻璃瓶).
One day, Nancy made some strawberry jam (酱) and put it into several jars. Then, she visited a local food store and explained her idea. Luckily, her idea was accepted, and she could sell the strawberry jam in jars at the store. She sold out of the jam in one afternoon and at the same time, many local people agreed with her. After a year of hard work, Nancy opened a zero-waste store.
People bring their own containers(容器) like jars or glass boxes to buy food at Nancy's store. For those who forget to bring containers, they can take the glass containers right by the front door. They are free for the taking.
“Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get the buyers thinking big,”said Nancy. She is coming up with more ideas of protecting the environment.
( ) 1. Nancy noticed the plastic waste problem when she was ______.
A. throwing the plastic waste into the ocean B. living by the sea
C. protecting the lives in the sea D. doing her school project
( ) 2. The numbers in Paragraph 2 tell us _____.
A. plastic waste is serious B. the ocean is huge
C. the population is large D. plastic bags are useful
( ) 3. What does the underlined word“severe” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Satisfying. B. Serious. C. Pleasant. D. Enjoyable.
( ) 4. Why did Nancy sell strawberry jam in jars at a store
A. To make more money.
B. To sell more jars.
C. To advise people not to use plastic bags.
D. It's her homework.
( ) 5. What's the best title for the passage
A. Plastic Waste Watcher B. A Zero-Waste Store
C. A School Project D. Glass Containers
(Ⅱ)
Jack is working with his team to grow crops in Dubai. The temperature there can be up to 45℃and water is an important resource (资源) to such a dry place. Jack's team use special technologies there, which may change farming in climate-challenged areas. They also offer product to supermarkets and restaurants in Dubai and across the areas using less water, which is important in one of the most arid places of the world.
Jack formed the team in 2017 out of their care about food safety. The team spent the first year studying high-tech food-production systems(系统) around the world, as well as searching for the best place for their first farm.
“We started the farm with nothing but our hard work, a small land with some soil, and the promise of what we would do,”says Jack. But the team quickly showed that the farm was built on more than a promise. They invented a system that made the temperatures on the farms stay the same. The first crop of tomatoes was planted in August 2018 and harvested(收割) in October.
It was difficult for local people to grow tomatoes before. People bought them from other countries by air at a high price. Now, thanks to Jack's farms, local people can have cheaper tomatoes. “I think we have changed people's belief that local is worse,” says Jack.
Jack hopes their technology can become a model for climate-challenged areas. Jack says, “Although it won't be easy for us, we still believe if we try our best, we can find a way to make more crops local in one of the most difficult environments in the world.”
( ) 1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that Jack's team _____.
A. change the climate in some areas
B. run supermarkets and restaurants in Dubai
C. offer water to some dry places
D. grow crops and offer produce in Dubai
( ) 2. What does the underlined word“arid”in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Dry. D. Dark.
( ) 3. Jack's team was formed because _______.
A. they paid attention to food safety
B. they studied high-tech systems
C. they found the best place for the farm
D. they worked very hard
( ) 4. According to the passage, which is TRUE
A. The first crop was harvested in Jack's farm in August 2018.
B. Local people could grow tomatoes successfully before.
C. People could buy tomatoes from other countries at a low price.
D. Tomatoes from Jack's farms are cheaper than those from other countries.
( ) 5. What's the best title for the passage
A. How to Grow Crops B. Climate Change to Crops
C. Technologies Change Farming D. Difficult Environments
(Ⅲ)
The young have no problem using their phones for different tasks, from showing health codes(健康码) to paying for the bills. However, many elderly people find using such technology difficult. It makes a lot of young computer programmers offer help. Qiu Dachuan was one of them.
In late March, Qiu was using a computer at his shop in Nanchong, Sichuan province, when his mother called him from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province.“She was alone, and looking for a drugstore to buy some medicine, but there was no one around to help,” Qiu said, adding that his mother cannot read. Finally, Qiu guided his mother to the drugstore over the phone by knowing her real-time location (位置).
Because of this experience, he made up his mind to develop an app to help the old. At last, he developed an app called Find Nearby Place.
The old can use the app to check a shop's name, know how far it is, and check the shop's phone number. There are some small icons(图标) to show the places, like drugstores and toilets, on the maps so that the old who can't read can find the place easily.
Many old people use Qiu's app because they think it very helpful and easy to understand. Qiu shared his experience online, and soon got a lot of encouragement.
The world is changing and developing quickly.“I think young people should always remember old people and give them a hand, because they are our own future,” Qiu said.
( ) 1. The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 1 refer to(指代) _.
A. elderly people B. young computer programmers
C. computers D. technologies
( ) 2. When Qiu's mother called Qiu for help, he was in _.
A. Jiaxing B. Nanjing C. Nanchong D. Beijing
( ) 3. The old can use Qiu's app to do the following things EXCEPT _____.
A. checking a shop's name B. knowing how far it is
C. checking a shop's phone number D. drawing small icons
( ) 4. What do old people think of Qiu's app
A. Helpful and easy to understand. B. Encouraging.
C. Changing quickly. D. Good for the future.
( ) 5. The best title for the passage is probably _____.
A. Help the Old Use New Technology B. The Old Need Our Care
C. An App Changes the World D. Remember the Old
(Ⅳ)
Is there anything worse than trying to watch a video or listen to your favourite music and you can't hear even with your headphones on You're listening to your favourite part of the music and suddenly a car drives by outside or even worse—someone turns their own music up. Or what about when you're on the bus to school and all you can hear is traffic Noise-cancelling headphones are the way to solve the problems. They reduce the noise around you by using something called ANC.
ANC stands for Active Noise Cancellation. A sound is a wave that must reach your eardrum(耳膜) for you to hear it, so an ANC system listens to the noise around you. Then a sound wave is sent out from headphones in order to cancel out(清除) the coming sound wave of the noise. Finally, the sound wave from headphones stops the sound wave of the noise from having any effect. Think of two waves hitting each other until there's nothing left but calm blue sea.
There are different kinds of noise cancellation that don't all use ANC. Some just use sealed ear cups over the headphones to stop the sound waves of the noise from coming in.
Adaptive noise cancellation (自适应消噪) is a cleverer kind of ANC. It lets you choose how much background noise you can hear by changing the controls. You can also control how much of your own voice you want to hear, so you can hear yourself talking to friends.
( ) 1. The underlined word“They” in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. favourite parts of the music B. buses to school
C. the headphones D. the noise problems
( ) 2. When may you want to use ANC
A. In a library. B. In a hospital.
C. In a noisy street. D. In a museum.
( ) 3. The correct order of an ANC system cancelling the noise is ______.
a. It sends out a sound wave.
b. It listens to the noise around.
c. Its sound wave makes the sound wave of the noise unable to work.
A. a-b-c B. b-a-c C. a-c-b D. c-b-a
( ) 4. Adaptive noise cancellation lets its user ________.
A. cover the sealed ea r cups B. control the background noise
C. change his/her own voice D. control what his/her friends say
( ) 5. What's the main idea of the passage
A. How noise cancelling works. B. Why noise cancels.
C. What should be done to control noise. D. Where noise cancelling is used.
参考答案：
(Ⅰ)
【篇章导读】本文主要讲述了 Nancy 在完成学校专题研究时发现塑料垃圾的问题， 想出解决办法并实践的故事。最后 Nancy开了自己的零废物小店，启发人们对环境保护有更多的思考。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。从第一段中的“This situation was noticed by Nancy when she was doing some research for her school project two years ago”可知， Nancy是在做学校专题研究时留意到塑料垃圾问题的。
2. A【解析】主旨大意题。从第二段得知， 每年全球产生3 亿吨的塑料垃圾， 1千万吨流入海洋，每年全球使用大约5 千亿的一次性塑料袋。因此，从数据可以看出，塑料垃圾和塑料使用的数量都是非常庞大的。
3. B【解析】词义猜测题。从第二段的研究可知。塑料废品问题非常严重，因此 Nancy意识到塑料垃圾问题非常严重。 severe“非常严重”，与serious 近义。其他选项意思不符合。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。从第三段中的“In order to tell more people not to use plastic bags, she decided to sell food in reusable jars(玻璃瓶)”可知， Nancy 决定到商店里出售可重复使用装着食物的玻璃瓶，其目的是告诉更多人不要使用塑料袋。
5. A【解析】标题推测题。全文主要讲述了 Nancy 发现塑料垃圾的问题，想出解决办法并实践的故事。Nancy 是塑料垃圾问题的观察者， 因此本文题目为 Plastic Wast e Watcher最佳。
(Ⅱ)
【篇章导读】本文主要讲述 Jack 的团队运用新科技在气候多变地区种植农作物的故事。从前在迪拜种植番茄是很困难的一件事，经过Jack的团队的努力，最终在这片貌似不可能的土地上收获了番茄。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。从第一段中的“Jack is working with his team to grow crops in Dubai”和“They also offer product to supermarkets and restaurants in Dubai”可得知, Jack的团队在迪拜种植农作物，并将农产品销往迪拜的超市和餐馆。因此选D。
2. C【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段中的“water is an important resource to such a dry place” 和“across the areas using less water”可以推测出,当地是世界上最“干旱”的地区之一，与 dry近义。
3. A 【解析】细节理解题。从第二段中的“Jack formed the team in 2017 out of their care about food safety”可知, Jack 组建团队是出于对食品安全的关注。
4. D【解析】细节理解题。从第四段中的“Now，thanks to Jack's farms, local people can have cheaper tomatoes.”可知, 多亏了 Jack 的农场, 当地人可以购买更便宜的番茄。
5. C【解析】标题推测题。本文主要讲述 Jack的团队运用新科技改变在气候多变地区种植农作物的故事。因此最佳选项为C，科技改变耕种。
(Ⅲ)
【篇章导读】 Qiu是一个年轻的电脑程序员。有一次，他的妈妈不会使用手机并向他求助。经过此事，他设计了一款app帮助老人搜索地点，他的应用程序也受到了广大老年人的好评。
1. B【解析】词义猜测题。从第一段中的“It makes a lot of young computer programmers offer help”可知， 许多年轻的电脑程序员为老人使用新科技提供帮助。Qiu是许多年轻电脑程序员其中之一。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。从第二段中的“In late March, Qiu was using a computer at his shop in Nanchong, Sichuan province, when his mother called him from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province” 可知, Qiu当时在南充。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。从第四段中的“The old can use the app to check a shop's name, know how far it is, and check the shop's phone number” 可知， Qiu的应用程序不能画图标。
4. A 【解析】细节理解题。从第五段中的“Many old people use Qiu's app because they think it very helpful and easy to understand”可知, 老人们认为这款应用程序有用且容易理解。
5. A【解析】标题推测题。本文主要讲述了 Qiu设计应用程序帮助老人使用新科技的事迹， 因此最佳标题为A。
(Ⅳ)
【篇章导读】本文首先介绍了 ANC 主动降噪系统的运作，然后提到了其他类型的降噪方式，最后介绍了自适应降噪的用法。
1. C【解析】词义猜测题。从第一段中的“Noise-cancelling headphones are the way to solve the problems”可知， 降噪耳机能解决周围噪音问题。因此降低噪音的是“耳机(the headphones)”。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“They reduce the noise around you by using something called ANC”可知, ANC 的作用是主动降噪, 适用于吵闹的地方，根据常识可知A、B、D都是很安静的地方。
3. B【解析】顺序排列题。由第二段可知， ANC 运作系统首先听到周围的噪音，然后发出声波， 最后与噪音的声波中和， 使之失效。
4. B【解析】细节理解题。从第四段中的“It lets you choose how much background noise you can hear by changing the controls”可知, 自适应降噪可以让使用者控制背景噪音。
5. A【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要说明噪音消除如何运作。
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