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2024 年广东中考英语专项复习题
阅读理解——科普说明文类(二)
阅读短文， 从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案，并将对应题目所选的选项写在题前的括号内。
(Ⅰ)
Do you prefer to take notes by hand or by typing If you get used to using a keyboard or a phone to take things down, you might have second thoughts.
A brain study was done to see which one is better, writing by hand or using a keyboard. 24 people took part in the study, including 12 children. They were asked to wear electrical helmets(头盔), and then wrote by hand and typed on keyboards. The helmets could check the electrical activities in their brains(脑).
The results showed that the brain in both children and young adults is much more active when writing by hand than when typing on a keyboard.“When you make notes by hand, you simply remember what you've written better afterwards,” said one of the scientists.
The results emphasize the importance of children drawing and writing at an early age, especially at school, although it might be a bit difficult for them to do so.
Writing by hand is helpful in many ways. For example, writing by hand needs children to control their hand movement, but using a keyboard keeps their hands in the same movement. What's more,a lot of senses are activated(激活) by pressing a pen on paper, seeing the letters written and hearing the sound made while writing. These sense experiences build contact(联系) between different parts of the brain, opening the brain up for learning.
However, some young learners have different opinions about writing by hand. Some think that taking notes by hand takes a lot of time, and they might spend more time looking for the notes they need.
( ) 1. According to the passage, ______took part in the study.
A. 36 people B. 36 children C. 24 adults D. 12 children
( ) 2. Why did the people wear electrical helmets
A. To learn and remember better. B. To keep safe.
C. To check brain activities. D. To check brain problems.
( )3. What does the underlined word“emphasize” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Stress. B. Forget. C. Change. D. Refuse.
( ) 4. The advantages of writing by hand include _、
①letting children learn to control their hand movement
②letting children look for notes faster
③activating different senses
④ opening the brain up for learning
A. ①③④ B. ②③④ C. ①②③ D. ①②④
( ) 5. The best title for the passage is probably __________.
A. Writing by Hand Helps B. Stop Using a Keyboard
C. Ways of Taking Notes D. Learn Better by Typing
(Ⅱ)
After running, Linda is used to taking out her mobile phone, collecting her“energy” on the game, and watering her“tree”. But she never knows what happens afterwards. In fact, her tree is really growing! It is planted in a desert area in Linda's country.
According to a study, since 2000, the Earth's green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers. That's the same size as the total area of the Amazon rainforest (亚马逊热带雨林). Linda's country plays the major role in that increase, adding 25 percent, much more than that of other countries.
The study also says although her country covers only a small amount of the planet's land area, it takes up one third of the increased greening with another country. Since more than thirty years ago, Linda's country has tried to green the land. In 1978, it began a project to plant more trees in the northern part of the country as a protection against sandstorms. At the same time, the trees planted in desert areas helped reduce sandstorms. Now, the forest cover age of the areas of the project has greatly increased.
The country has achieved success in dealing with deserts by growing trees. The United Nations Environment Program speaks highly of the country's efforts.“It's one of the most successful countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world,” the director of UNEP said.
( ) 1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that ________.
A. Linda's phone takes energy B. the game is popular
C. Linda's tree is planted in a desert D. Linda's job is to plant trees
( ) 2. The numbers in Paragraph 2 show that ________.
A. the leaves are greener B. the rainforest is growing
C. the country is larger D. the green area is increasing
( ) 3. The underlined word “major” in Paragraph 2 means _______.
A. important B. harmful C. impossible D. comfortable
( ) 4. Why did people in Linda's country plant more trees in the north
A. To cover a larger land area in the planet.
B. To protect the north against sandstorms.
C. To make desert areas meet sandstorms.
D. To encourage people to live in desert areas.
( ) 5. Which can be the best title for the passage
A. The Best Game for Planting Trees B. The Greenest Country
C. A Country Greens the World D. UNEP is Planting Trees
(Ⅲ)
Can you imagine living in the world's coldest place The Arctic(北极) is a world of ice and snow. There are some of the world's most amazing animals and plants.
To survive in such a cold place, the animals and plants have developed an ability to get used to the environment. For example, the polar bear, the most famous Arctic animal, can smell a seal(海豹)nearly 1 meter under the snow from almost 1 kilometer away.
The color of the animal's skins either attracts enemies or keeps the animals away from their enemies. In the world of ice and snow, the color of many animals is white. The white skins help them blend in and not to be discovered by their enemies. For some animals, they can even change their colors to adapt(适应) different environments. For example, a baby seal changes to gray to match the darker waters.
The Arctic plants are facing challenges like the animals. Low temperatures, no daylight in winter, strong winds are what the plants must deal with. Although few of them survive, if you take a closer look, you will find some plants growing on ice.
Even though the Arctic is one of the most difficult living environments on Earth, animals and plants have found a way to survive and produce.
However, with the influence of the climate change, can both the Arctic animals and plants still adapt the extreme(极端的) changes What can we humans do to help them That's what we should think about.
( ) 1. What is the Arctic like
A. It's a popular with people. B. It's a world of water and ice.
C. It's so cold that there is no life. D. It's the coldest place in the world.
( ) 2. What does the underlined word“blend”in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Differ. B. Compare. C. Mix. D. Paint.
( )3. The Arctic plants have to face the following challenges EXCEPT _______.
A. freezing temperatures B. no daylight in winter
C. windy weather D. large ice
( ) 4. In the last paragraph, the writer wants to tell us that _______.
A. climate change has no influence on the Arctic animals
B. the Arctic animals and plants are sure to adapt the extreme changes
C. humans can do little for the Arctic lives
D. humans should think about how to help the Arctic lives
( ) 5. What's the best title for the passage
A. How to Plant and Grow in the Arctic
B. How the Arctic Lives Survive
C. How to Save the Arctic
D. How Climate Change Influences the Arctic
(Ⅳ)
What do the Chinese astronaut s take with them to space One of the answers is seeds(种子).
China has been a pioneering country in the field of space breeding(航天育种). The seeds or plants are taken to space. After staying in space for a period of time, they will be returned to the earth and grown on the ground. This technology is called space breeding.
China began its first space breeding experiments in 1987. Bags of seeds were sent to space on a satellite(卫星). Since then, hundreds of plant seeds have traveled with dozens of the country's satellites and Shenzhou spaceships.
Over the past thirty years, China's space breeding program has helped produce more than 300 kinds of crops and 700 new types of plants, including vegetables, fruits, and flowers. The total planting area is more than 2.8 million hectares(公顷). It has increased food production by 1.6 billion kg.
Space technology has helped a lot of farmers. Liu, a farmer in Henan province, is one of them. In 2016, he sent some seeds to space for 12 days. After four years of research, the seeds from outer space turned into tougher plants that could fight against coldness and disease. Liu's business has since then developed fast, with larger planting areas and more money.
Similar success stories have been reported in China. Experts believe that with the progress of the space industry, humans would bring more seeds to space in the future. It may offer new ways of farming developments.
( ) 1. The correct order of space breeding is _______.
a. Spaceships bring seeds back.
b. Seeds stay in space for days or months.
c. Seeds are sent to space.
d. Farmers grow the seeds on the ground.
A. a-b-c-d B. c-d-a-b C. c-b-a-d D. a-c-b-d
( ) 2. China sent its first seeds to space ______.
A. in 1987 B. in 1988 C. in 2017 D. in 2018
( ) 3. In Paragraph 4, the numbers show that ______.
A. China's space breeding program is helpful
B. China's planting area is the largest in the world
C. vegetables, fruits and flowers are new plants
D. China's food production is enough
( ) 4. What does the underlined word“tougher” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Weaker. B. Stronger. C. Hotter. D. Higher.
( ) 5. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. China's satellites in space B. China's farming industry
C. China's space breeding program D. China's food production
参考答案：
(Ⅰ)
【篇章导读】全文主要论述了手写的好处。首先，说明了研究是如何进行的以及研究结果，结果表明在用手写字时， 大脑活动比用键盘打字时更加活跃。文中也阐述了用手写字的好处。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。从第二段中的“24people took part in the study, including 12 children”得知， 12个儿童参加了本次研究。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。从第二段中的“The helmets could check the electrical activities in their brains”可知， 头盔可以监测他们的脑部活动。
3. A【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段的研究结果可以得知， 用手写字对于小孩来说是非常重要的。因此， 结果“强调”了孩子们在早期阶段画画和写字的重要性。stress 有“强调”的意思， 其他选项与原文意思不符。
4. A【解析】细节理解题。从第六段中的“they might spend more time looking for the notes they need”可知， 找手写笔记所花的时间可能会更长， 因此排除②。
5. A【解析】标题推测题。全文主要论述手写的好处。
(Ⅱ)
【篇章导读】本文主要讲述Linda 所在的国家在植树种林中所作出的贡献， 并被 UNEP 联合国环境规划署称赞。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“It is planted in a desert area in Linda's country”可知, Linda 的树种在沙漠里。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。第二段的数值表明， 地球的绿植面积在增多。
3. A【解析】词义猜测题。由后文中的“adding 25percent, much more than other countries”在“增长部分占25%， 远远多于其他国家”可推断， 该国在绿植面积增长方面扮演者“重要的”角色，与important 近义。
4. B【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的“In 1978, it began a project to plant more trees in the northern part of the country as a protection against sandstorms”可知， 该国在北方种树是为了免遭沙尘暴灾害。
5. C【解析】标题推测题。本文主要讲述Linda 所在的国家在植树种林中所作出的贡献，因此选C。
(Ⅲ)
【篇章导读】本文主要论述了北极的动植物如何生存。为了生存，它们需要适应环境，如动物皮肤颜色的变化、植物适应低温等极端条件。最后作者提出了几个问题， 以引发人们的思考。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。由第一句话可知北极是世界上最冷的地方。
2. C【解析】词义猜测题。从第三段中的“The white skins help them blend in and not to be discovered by their enemies”可知, 白色的皮肤能帮助它们“融入”并不被敌人发现， 与 mix近义。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Low temperatures, no daylight in winter, strong winds are what the plants must deal with”可将 D 项排除。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。从最后一段可推测出，作者想要人们思考在气候变化的影响下， 如何帮助北极的生物。
5. B【解析】标题推测题。本文主要论述了北极的动植物如何生存。
(Ⅳ)
【篇章导读】文章主要介绍了中国的航天育种项目。首先介绍了航天育种是什么、中国航天育种的发展过程及成果， 最后介绍了其对农民带来的好处。
1. C【解析】顺序排列题。从第二段可知， 航空育种步骤是先将种子送上太空、种子在太空逗留一段时间、种子被送回地球， 最后农民将种子种在地上。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的“China began its first space breeding experiments in 1987”可以得知， 中国在1987年第一次开始航空育种。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。从第四段主要讲述航天育种的帮助，如育种种类更多、种植面积增大、食物产量增多。
4. B【解析】词义猜测题。由 “that could fight against coldness and disease”可知,到过太空的种子能抵御严寒和疾病， 因此，种子会成为更加“坚韧的”植物, 与strong 近义。
5. C【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国的航天育种项目。
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