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专题四—数词
数词（7BU1Grammar）就是表示事物数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。表示数量多少的词是基数词，如:one, two, three, four……;表示顺序的词称为序数词, 如:first, second, third, fourth…… 序数词前一般要加the。
考点一—基数词：表示数目的词称为基数词。
1.百以内的数字单位是hundred，如three hundred and twenty-five（325）从千位开始就要使用逗号隔开，英语中没有“万”这个读数单位，较大的数字会从右往左每三个数字一个逗号隔开，其单位分别是：thousand, million, billion，逗号之间的数字按照百以内的数字读法。如two hundred and fifteen million, four hundred and sixty seven thousand, nine hundred and one(215,467,901)
2.英语中的数词单位hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有具体数字修饰时，通常直接加名词复数形式,但表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则带复数词尾-s，同时加of才可以加名词复数。
如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
3. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。
如：He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头(from www.)。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
考点二—序数词: 表示数目顺序的词称为序数词。
1.序数词是基数词的基础之上变化而来，其变化规律如下：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上th。 如：four－fourth ten－tenth
一、二、三，特殊记。 第一first、第二second、第三third。
八减t，九去e，f要把ve替。　 eight－eighth，nine－ninth，five－fifth, twelve－twelfth
若是遇到几十几，只变末尾就可以。 　 twenty-one－twenty-first (21th)
整十要变y为ie，词尾th莫忘记。 twenty－twentieth, forty－fortieth
2.凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。
3. hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等。
4. 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。
如：He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
注意：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。
如：We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
考点三—分数、倍数、百分数和小数。
1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。
如：two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5
注意：1/2 通常读作 a [one] half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a [one] fourth，也可读作 a [one] quarter。
2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。
如：They're twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 per cent。如：thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60%
4. 小数。 小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
考点四—数词的其他用法：
1.表示日期：
1949年 读作nineteen forty-nine
6月23日 June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June
2024年10月 October 2024 读作October, two thousand and twenty-four
2.表示钟点
半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。
08:00 eight o’clock或eight 09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine
02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six
3.表示约数
1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。
如：The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。
2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：nearly two hours将近两个小时。
3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：more than 100 years一百多年。
4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。
如：about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。
5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。
如：His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。
6.数词表示倍数句型
1).主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。
如：I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
2).主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of…。
如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
3).主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。
如：The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
4).还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。
如：The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
巩固练习：单项选择。（2024年中考指南专题练习四）
( )1.-How amazing the noodle is! -Yes, it is____________, and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.
A.1,704-metres long B.1,704-metres-long C.1,704 metres long D. 1,704 metre long
( )2. The number of the students in our school is about nine__________. __________of them are
boys
A. hundred; Two thirds B. hundred; Two third
C. hundreds; Two thirds D. hundreds; Two third
( )3. -This is the __________time that l come to Paris. I have been here twice. -Me too. The world is so large that I want to see more of it.
A. first B. second C. third D. three
( )4.The boys are having fun celebrating Peter's __________birthday.
A. twelfth B. twelveth C. twelve D. twelfths
( )5.About__________of the students in junior high school this year were born in the__________.
A. three five;2000 B. three fifths;2000s C. third fifth;2001 D. third fifths;2000s
( )6.My grandparents live in an old apartment with __________floors and they are on the
__________floor.
A. fifth; three B. fifth; third C. five; three D. five; third
( )7. We will have __________off for the coming National Day.
A. seven days' B. seven-day C. seven days D. seven-days
( )8. The scientist still worked on the research into agriculture at the age of__________.
A. eighty B. eightieth C. eighties D. eighty-year-old
( )9.Yan Jiashuo, a__________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old
( )10. Leo is going to be an elder brother. His parents are planning to have their __________ child.
A. one B. two C. first D. second
( )11. We are so proud of our country that Chinese people from all over the world celebrated her __________birthday together.
A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth
( )12. Jim's uncle is in his__________, but he likes the clothes from the__________.
A. twentieth;1960s B.twenties;1960s C.twentieth;1960 D.twenties;1960
( )13. Tony's mum looks young and beautiful. It's hard to imagine she is already in her__________.
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieths D. fiftieth
( )14. __________fans watched his final match and most of them were men.
A. Three millions B. Three millions of C. Million of D. Millions of
( )15. Now children, turn to page __________and look at the__________ picture in Lesson Two.
A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first
( )16. We spent __________days visiting Hong Kong last year.
A. three and half B. three and a half C. three and half a D. three half
( )17. This picture is quite old. We can still see it was drawn in __________century.
A. sixteen B. the sixteen C. sixteenth D. the sixteenth
( )18. The accident happened on__________.
A. nine day of March B. the nine day of March
C. nine days of March D. the ninth of March
( )19. Online courses like Chinese tea attract__________ people from abroad every day.
A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of
( )20.The volunteers sent__________ books to a mountain village school on Children's Day.
A. two hundreds of B. two hundred of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
( )21.We don't have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least __________are needed.
A. ten another nurses B. more ten nurses C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses
( )22. __________of people from all over the world visit the Palace Museum every year.
A. Two million B. Millions C. Two millions D. Million
( )23.-On the TV show Chinese Poetry Conference, Lei Haiwei, a food delivery courier(外
卖小哥) from Hangzhou won the final of the third season.
-How amazing! The__________ programme is so popular that about __________ of the students in my class prefer to watch it at weekends.
A.90-minute;three fourth B.90-minute;three quarters
C.90-minutes; third fours D.90 minute's; three fourths
( )24.-I don't know how long you can stay with us. -About__________.
A. one and two days B. one and two day C. one or two day D. a day or two
( )25.-Do you live far away from your school
-No ,it is only __________walk from my home to school.
A. five minutes B. five minute's C. five minutes' D. five minute
专题四—数词答案：
单项选择。
1-5 CACAB 6-10 DCAAD 11-15 DBADD
16-20 BDDDC 21-25 DBBDC

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