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上海市杨浦区2024届高三上学期一模英语试卷
一、Grammar and Vocabulary
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Going Hungry in the Land of the Rich
The United States is one of the world's wealthiest countries. Despite this, many Americans struggle just to put healthy food, or any food at all, on the table every day. One might think that a food shortage　1． 　 (happen) in America, but this is not the case. There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of 　2． 　is unfortunately, wasted every day. There are many different ways food 　3． 　(waste): farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren't made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more thanthey need, and so on. The highest level of wastage tends to happen in the richest communities.
Meanwhile, people who live in poor or rural areas often have little or no access to food. These areas are called "food deserts." They have fewer supermarkets, and the only food options that they 　4． 　 afford are often unhealthy ones. Healthy foods 　5． 　 fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find. Sadly, 12.8% of the American population live in the food deserts.
What can we do to help　6． 　 who don't have enough food Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a solution. In 2017, when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over 100,000 homes in their city, Houston, the sisters got involved.　7． 　 helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket, they saw a huge amount of food being wasted. At the same time, thousands of people in the city didn't have enough　8． 　 (eat).
The girls set up Fresh Hub with 10 of their classmates, 　9． 　 (hope) to do something to help. They created an app which could be used by residents to find out 　10． 　fresh food was available. Then they contacted local farmers and supermarkets to ask for their extra food. To date, Fresh Hub has delivered more than 15,000 pounds of food to people in need.
二、选词填空
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. normally B. boost C. sustain D. gains E. assessing F. substantially G. efforts H. mixed I. surprising J. anticipate K. assigned
Your Social-Media Detoxes （脱瘾治疗） Probably Aren't Helping You
We've all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices, even for 24 hours. Such breaks are said to　11． 　self-confidence, reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out, and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions. Yet studies exploring those effects have produced 　12． 　 results. So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological　13． 　.
The researchers recruited 600 undergraduate students in three places: the United States, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong. All participants were randomly　14． 　to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment. On the other day, they were to interact with the digital platforms as they 　15． 　would. Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at 　16． 　 various aspects of well-being. Contrary to the researchers' expectations, the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions, self-confidence, or daily satisfaction. When it did have an effect, it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness, although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender. Just as 　17． 　, people didn't use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing. In fact, they reported 　18． 　lower levels of face-to-face, phone, and email interactions on their detoxing days.
Even short social-media breaks can be hard to 　19． 　 -- indeed, only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the 　20． 　. "We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being," the researchers write.
三、Reading Comprehensions
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Often, we know what makes us happy ... but, despite this, often we don't put the theory into action. Why do I (the person who tells you that taking breaks 21． stress and makes you more efficient) sit at my computer eating my lunch I know this is unhelpful for me, so what on earth is going on It all started at a time of huge pressure when I was training, and I began eating my lunch at my desk to 22． time. I did it over and over again until it became 23． to my brain.
My brain will choose this route by default （默认情况下） , because it is the most learned behaviour. Something in my office 24． (probably my stomach rumbling （发咕咕声） will send a signal to my brain that it's lunchtime, and I will pick up my sandwich and eat it with very little 25． . It is a no-brainer to my brain; it's just what it does.
Habits don't 26． new learning from the brain; they are stored as a sequence of activities in the brain. The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 27． in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch), which 28． strengthens that learned behaviour. Your brain uses habits to 29． effort and save energy, and will default to these behaviours when signalled. How can we build happiness habits into our lives
Step 1: What is it that you want to do Decided what you want to 30． as small daily habits. Next, think about how and when you will do this. 31． , consider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that you want to break. Like me, do you want to 32． eating lunch at your desk and get outside instead
Step 2: Be 33． about your why What will you gain from this new happiness habit Why is it important to you This helpsyou to want to make the effort to break your default habits.
Step 3: Be specific
Decide when specifically you will 34． your new habit and what you will do -- for example, "I want to go for a walk to connect with nature at lunchtime." Start as small as you can, because this is more likely to be achievable, repeatable and rewarding -- three things were need to happen to shift from a(n) 35． new behaviour to a habit.
21．A． increases B． reduces C． suggests D． excludes
22．A． kill B． spend C． save D． make
23．A． habitual B． continual C． relevant D． remote
24．A． context B． council C． entry D． format
25．A． assistance B． appreciation C． appetite D． awareness
26．A． regulate B． require C． comprise D． consume
27．A． subsequently B． collectively
C． automatically D． individually
28．A． in turn B． in return
C． by far D． by contrast
29．A． enhance B． attain C． reverse D． minimize
30．A． bury B． change C． add D． delete
31．A． Generally B． Alternatively
C． Eventually D． Initially
32．A． enjoy B． imagine C． delay D． stop
33．A． crazy B． calm C． clear D． curious
34．A． engage in B． call for C． appeal to D． give up
35．A． hopeful B． hopeless C． effortful D． effortless
四、阅读理解
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Homing pigeons combine precise internal compasses and memorized landmarks to re-trace a path back to their lofts -- even four years after the previous time they made the trip, a new study shows.
Testing nonhuman memory retention （保持） is challenging; in research studies, "it's rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to retrieve it," says University of Oxford zoologist Dora Biro. For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons' paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm 8.6 kilometers away. The study built on data from a 2016 experiment in which pigeons learned routes in different social contexts during several flights -- on their own or with peers that did or did not know the way.
Using data from GPS devices temporarily attached to the birds' backs, the researchers compared the flight paths a pack of pigeons took in 2019 or 2020, without the birds visiting the release site in between. Some birds missed a handful of landmarks along the way, but many others took "strikingly similar" routes to those they used in 2016, says Oxford zoologist and study co-author Julien Collect: "It was ... as if the last time they flew there was just the day before, not four years ago."
The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in 2016. The result is not surprising, says Verner Bing-man, who studies animal navigation at Bowling Green State University and was not involved with the study. But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons' remarkable memory, he says: "It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do."
36．The underlined word "retrieve" is closest in meaning to ____ .
A．reserve B．return C．recover D．record
37．Which of the following conclusions may be found in the recent study in____the Proceedings____of____theRoyal Society B
A．Pigeons remember specific routes home after years away.
B．Pigeons remember routes better when flying with others.
C．Pigeons can find their way back though taking different routes.
D．Pigeons can retrace the path home through an attached GPS device.
38．Which of the following is TRUE about the 2016 experiment
A．Oxford zoologist Julien Coolet designed the experiment procedure.
B．GPS devices were attached permanently to collect data about flight routes.
C．The experiment was designed to eliminate pigeons that missed key landmarks.
D．Pigeons were made to fly from the release site to their lofts several times.
39．What can be inferred from the best paragraph
A．Humans need to adopt a more rigid approach to pigeons' memory.
B．Humans are blinded by superiority when it comes to animal intelligence.
C．Riddles about animals are too complex to be solved in the foreseeable future.
D．There have been mixed responses to the findings about pigeons' memory.
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 阅读短文，回答问题
A-Z OF COACHING
Welcome to Barefoot Coaching's A-Z series. We aim to simplify what might otherwise be complex psychological theories and models and talk about them in a way that anybody can understand. We believe that everybody benefits from learning about and practising coaching skills - and it's catching! Coaching spreads into other areas of our life and work and the positive effects are felt far beyond just ourselves. Each issue we will be focusing on a different element of
coaching. Last month we explored Happiness, this month we will focus on Intuition.
'I' IS FOR INTUITION
"There is a voice that doesn't use words. Listen." Rumi
If you have ever followed a "hunch", gone with your gut, listened to your inner voice, or felt "I just know", then you have accessed your intuition. We don't have to reject logic or intellect to embrace intuition - good decisions are often the result of instinct and intellect working together.
Here are 3 ways to improve your intuition:
. Wild writing. Every day for a week, sit quietly and write for 5 minutes without thinking. Just let the words appear on the page. Then notice what you learn from your untamed thoughts.
Walking without purpose. Go for a walk (without your phone or others distractions). Take notice if you find your attention being drawn to any particular sights or sounds. Identify what feelings, thoughts or meaning they have for you.
When faced with a decision, ask yourself "What does my head, heart and gut say "
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40．Which of the following is TRUE about Intuition
A．It is a born skill that can not be improved.
B．It enables wise decisions when used properly.
C．It is contradictory to the power of reasoning.
D．It guides us to notice the little things in our life.
41．____was most likely the topic for the month before last.
A．Pity. B．Jazz. C．Gratitude. D．Harmony.
42．What can be learned about the Taster Sessions
A．Each session lasts about 3 hours.
B．A password is needed for booking a session.
C．They run at a fixed time every day.
D．They are free to regular members only.
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 阅读短文，回答问题
In memory of Eleanor—a woman ____
[1] Eleanor Lowenthal - my grandmother - om desperate need of income to put her husband through graduate school, walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. There, she convinced the scientists that she was the perfect person to mount（安放）and catalog their growing ant collection.
[2] At the time, a promising graduate student named E. O. Wilson was coming up in the department. Wilson, who passed away in December 2021, was called the "father of biodiversity". When Eleanor joined the department, researchers were racing to collect and catalog specimens（标本） . As Wilson shifted research towards smaller, less glamorous species that nonetheless held ecological significance, he set the stage for conservation biology. Behind the scenes, technicians like my grandmother preserved the specimen that furthered Wilson's work and continue to provide new insights and opportunities for researchers across the globe.
[3] At the time, hiring a 21-year-old woman who had dropped out of art school was a significant gamble. It paid off. Eleanor's job as a technician required the same manual flexibility and coordination that art school had demanded. The job required her to work quickly, yet precisely. Rushing could risk ruining a rare specimen, but Eleanor could process ants as quickly as Wilson could mail them back from his expeditions to Australia and Papua New Guinea. She sometimes mounted as many as 200 a day.
[4] It wasn't a coincidence that Eleanor found work in entomology. Wilson's high-profile research on ants cracked an opening for women in previously male-dominated field of conservation, which was centered around studying big game in the first half of the 20th century.
[5] Even when women's early work has been credited, the language used to describe their contributions often minimized their role in the team, not mentioning them by name. A recently discovered department report includes lines such as, "A large amount of spreading and setting insects was done by the lady assistant," and "The collection has been remarkably free from pests ... due to the continuous care of the lady assistant."
[6] The department now functions like a library (specimen can be borrowed for study or examined on site), and serves as a training center for the next generation of scientists who use the collection in ways Wilson and my grandmother probably never imagined.
[7] Eleanor didn't realize the impact of her contribution at the time - the technician role was just a job that paid $38 a week. But she's come to appreciate the significance of her work on a project that spans centuries. "You can see how it goes from one era to another," says Eleanor, "It's so important to have this library for people to make connections and new discoveries."
43．The first two paragraphs write about ____.
A．why Eleanor was chosen to be an assistant for Wilson
B．what convinced Wilson switch to the study of ants
C．how Eleanor's and Wilson's career paths crossed
D．when technicians like Eleanor started to get hired
44．Why were the lines in the report cited in the fifth paragraph
A．To prove how important women's early work was.
B．To show women's role at the time was not fully recognized.
C．To give a vivid description of the nature of women's work.
D．To teach the wisdom of writing good science reports.
45．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Today's researchers are still enjoying the benefits of Eleanor's work.
B．Eleanor is now working as a supervisor in the department.
C．New scientific discoveries are the results of collective wisdom.
D．Nobody's work is as important as Eleanor's in the department.
46．Which of the following should be filled in the title "In memory of Eleanor - as woman".____
A．whose struggle mirrored the social changes in the status of women
B．whose work won her fame in the then male-dominated field of conservation
C．who pioneered a unique ant management system at the Harvard Museum
D．who worked behind the scenes with extraordinary speed, accuracy and artistry
五、任务型阅读
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. There'll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you're anxious about what's next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You'll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there's also a growing body of research into time travel "the other way".
How to Travel in Time
The term "NNOSTALGIA" （怀旧） used to describe a mental disease. The "algia" bit means"pain", and the word was coined by a 17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers, whose symptoms included hallucinations（幻觉）and depression.　47． 　 And it's a great example of the benefits of a strong memory -- choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.
As evidence, a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed of Spotifyduring lockdown. It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.　48． 　 Because memory skills can take you into the future, too -- bringing a whole new set of rewards.
In another pandemic experiment, people wrote letters to their future selves, and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19. Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:
* To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses -- not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that's particularly helpful -- for reassurance, say -- keep using it!　49． 　
* When you're procrastinating（拖延）, visualise an end result. Flash forward to see the floorswept or the easy finished, and use that positive image to spur you into action.
* Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don't just picture yourselfgetting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it's going to change your life.
　50． 　But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you'll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
六、Summary Writing
51．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets
Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. Mistakes may be unavoidable, but they should be kept to a minimum. And when they do occur, the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey. That seems logical, at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret. As author Kathryn Schulz argues, "If you want to be fully functional, and fully human, and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it." Counter-intuitively, she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life. No one is saying, of course, that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea. But neither is a "no regrets and never look back" mentality.
Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If you keep telling yourself "no regrets," then learning isn't going to happen. Besides, hiding from regret doesn't make it hurt less.
Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you're troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you're older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship Act to try to repair it.
Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: "Regret doesn't remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we know we can do better."
七、Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励。(reward)
53．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 一个人名利心越重， 就越不可能脚踏实地做事。(desperate)
54．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 他的古画修复水平如此之高， 使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。(such)
55．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 许多年过去了， 他才渐渐淡忘人生中那尴尬的一幕：在大庭广众之下， 他看到血晕倒了。(where)
八、Guided Writing
56．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions givenbelow in Chinese.
假设你是美国一所中学的学生 Sam， 最近你班要召开一次主题为"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"的班会。根据主题内容， 写一篇发言稿（所给材料可供参考）。
Here are the national statistics about bullying in the USA
. About 20% of students aged 12 - 18 experienced bullying nationwide.
. Students aged 12 - 18 who reported bullied said they thought those who bullied them:
-- had the ability to influence other students' perception of them (56%)
-- were physically stronger or larger (40%)
-- had more money (31%)
Word box:
bully v./n. 恐吓； 伤害； /恃强凌弱者
答案解析部分
【答案】1．is happening；2．Which；3．is wasted；4．can；5．such as；6．those；7．While/When；8．to eat；9．hoping；10．whether/if7what/where
【知识点】说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国作为一个富裕国家，许多美国人每天都在努力为自己摆上健康食物甚至任何食物。然而，事实并非如此。美国拥有足够的食物供应，但每天有40%的食物被浪费掉。导致食物浪费的原因有很多，包括农民只选择外观最好的农作物，送货不准时，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客购买超过需求的食物等等。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，定语从句，语态，情态动词，代词，状语从句，非谓语动词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：有人可能会认为美国正在发生食物短缺，但事实并非如此。此处是宾语从句谓语动词，表示"现在正在发生"的事情，用现在进行时，从句主语a food shortage，从句谓语单数形式。故填is happening。
2．句意：每个人都有足够的食物，不幸的是，每天有40%的食物被浪费。40% of is unfortunately, wasted every day非限制性定语从句，先行词food指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
3．句意：食物浪费的方式有很多：农民只挑选最好看的作物，没有按时送货，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客买的比他们需要的多，等等。此处为限制性定语从句的谓语动词，从句主语food和从句谓语动词waste为被动关系，结合该句句意可知，应为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时，从句主语不可数名词，从句谓语单数形式。故填is wasted。
4．句意：他们的超市更少，他们唯一能负担得起的食物选择往往是不健康的。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用情态动词can，表示"能够"，强调穷人和农村地区经常无法支付健康食品的价格。故填can。
5．句意：像新鲜水果和蔬菜这样的健康食品可能是不可能找到的。此处应用介词短语such as，表示"例如"，用来列举健康食品的例子。故填such as。
6．句意：我们能做些什么来帮助那些没有足够食物的人呢？根据上下文句意可知，此处应为代词those表示"那些"没有足够食物的人，为限制性定语从句who don't have enough food的先行词。故填those。
7．句意：在帮助清理被洪水淹没的超市的水时，他们看到了大量被浪费的食物。首字母大写，根据句意，此处需要使用时间状语从句省略句的连词，表示"当……的时候"，可用连词While或When引导。故填While/When。
8．句意：与此同时，城市里成千上万的人没有足够的食物。根据句意和语法，此处应用不定式作后置定语，表示"吃的东西"。故填to eat。
9．句意：女孩们和她们的10个同学一起建立了Fresh Hub，希望能做点什么来帮助别人。hope和逻辑主语The girls为主动关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语。故填hoping。
10．句意：他们开发了一个应用程序，居民可以用它来查找是否有新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解有什么新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解哪里有新鲜食物。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用宾语从句的引导词，该空可表示"是否"，用whether/if引导宾语从句；也可用连接代词what作定语，修饰名词短语fresh food，表"什么新鲜食物"；还可用连接副词where在从句中作地点状语，表"哪里"。故填whether/if/what/where。
【答案】11．B；12．H；13．D；14．K；15．A；16．E；17．I；18．F；19．C；20．G
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于社交媒体脱瘾对心理健康的影响的研究。
选项意思：
A. normally - 通常地，正常地
B. boost - 提升，增加
C. sustain - 维持，持续
D. gains - 获得，收益
E. assessing - 评估，评价
F. substantially - 实质上，大量地
G. efforts - 努力，尝试
H. mixed - 混合的，复杂的
I. surprising - 令人惊讶的
J. anticipate - 预期，预见
K. assigned - 被指派的，分配的
【点评】考查选词填空， 这些单词涵盖了各种语境和用途，包括形容词、动词和名词，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：据说这样的休息可以增强自信，减少社会竞争力和对错过的恐惧，并为更丰富的面对面互动腾出空间。根据上文"unplugging from digital devices"；以及空后"self-confidence, reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out, and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions"可知，此处表示"这样的休息可以增强自信"，空格处意为"增强"，是动词boost，be said to do sth.固定短语，"据说某人做某事"，故选B。
12．句意：然而，探索这些影响的研究产生了不同的结果。由"Yet"可知，yet表转折，此处表示"然而，探索这些影响的研究产生了不同的结果"，也就是结果是好坏都有，是混合的，空格处意为"混合的"，是形容词mixed，故选H。
13．句意：因此，一个全球研究团队开始系统地测试社交媒体脱瘾能带来有意义的心理收益这一观点。根据下文"We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being"我们没有发现任何证据表明社交媒体脱瘾一天对心理健康有显著的积极影响。可知，句子表示"一个全球研究团队开始系统地测试社交媒体脱瘾能带来有意义的心理收益这一观点"，空格处意为"收益"，是名词gain，有很多受益，所以空格处用复数。故选D。
14．句意：在为期两天的实验中，所有参与者被随机分配在第一天或第二天远离社交媒体。根据空后"keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment"可知，句子表示"所有参与者被随机分配在第一天或第二天远离社交媒体"，空格处意为"分配"，是动词assign，他们被分配，因此用被动语态，空前有were，空格处用过去分词，故选K。
15．句意：另一天，他们将像往常一样与数字平台互动。根据空前"On the other day, they were to interact with digital platforms"可知，句子表示"另一天，他们将像往常一样与数字平台互动"，空格处意为"通常"，是副词normally，故选A。
16．句意：每天晚上，他们都要回答旨在评估幸福感各个方面的调查问题。根据空前"survey questions"；以及空后"various aspects of well-being"可知，句子表示"每天晚上，他们都要回答旨在评估幸福感各个方面的调查问题"，空格处意为"评估"，是动词assess，at是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故选E。
17．句意：同样令人惊讶的是，人们并没有把从看屏幕中解放出来的时间用于其他形式的社交。根据空后"people didn't use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing"可知，句子表示"同样令人惊讶的是，人们并没有把从看屏幕中解放出来的时间用于其他形式的社交"，空格处意为"令人惊讶的"，是形容词surprising，故选I。
18．句意：事实上，他们报告说，在脱瘾的日子里，面对面、电话和电子邮件的互动程度要低得多。根据空后"lower levels of face-to-face, phone, and email interactions on their detoxing days"可知，句子表示"他们报告说，在脱瘾的日子里，面对面、电话和电子邮件的互动程度要低得多"，空格处意为"大量地"，是副词substantially，作状语修饰形容词lower，故选F。
19．句意：即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持——事实上，实验中只有一半的参与者按照要求做了，这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力。由根据空后"only half the participants in the experiment did what was required"可知，句子表示"即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持"，空格处意为"维持"，是动词sustain，sth. be hard to do意为"某物很难做"，因此空格处是原形，故选C。
20．句意：即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持——事实上，实验中只有一半的参与者按照要求做了，这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力。根据空前"only half the participants in the experiment did what was required"可知，句子表示"这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力"，空格处意为"努力"，是名词effort，要用复数，故选G。
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．A；24．A；25．D；26．B；27．C；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大脑的习惯是如何形成的以及如何在生活中形成快乐的习惯。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：为什么我(那个告诉你休息可以减轻压力、提高效率的人)要坐在电脑前吃午饭 A. increases"增加"；B. reduces"减少"；C. suggests"建议"；D. excludes"排除，不包括"。根据常识和空前"taking breaks"可知，休息应该是可以减少压力。故选B。
22．句意：这一切都始于我训练时的巨大压力，为了节省时间，我开始在办公桌上吃午餐。A. kill"杀死"；B. spend"花费"；C. save"节省"；D. make"制造"。根据空前"and I began eating my lunch at my desk"可知，作者在办公桌旁吃饭应是为了节省时间，故选C。
23．句意：我一遍又一遍地做，直到它成为我的大脑习惯。A. habitual"习惯性的"；B. continual"频繁的"；C. relevant"有关的"；D. remote"偏远的"。根据语境以及空前"I did it over and over again"可知，作者一遍一遍地去做，可推知，反复去做一件事情会形成习惯，故选A。
24．句意：在我的办公室环境中(可能是我的胃咕咕叫)会向我的大脑发送一个信号，告诉我午餐时间到了，我会拿起我的三明治，毫无意识地吃掉它。A. context"背景，语境"；B. council"委员会"；C. entry"进入"；D. format"格式"。根据空后"probably my stomach rumbling"可知，肚子发出咕咕叫应是一种情景。故选A。
25．句意：在我的办公室环境中(可能是我的胃咕咕叫)会向我的大脑发送一个信号，告诉我午餐时间到了，我会拿起我的三明治，毫无意识地吃掉它。A. assistance"援助"；B. appreciation"感激，欣赏"；C. appetite"胃口"；D. awareness"意识"。根据下文"It is a no-brainer to my brain; it's just what it does."可知，这对我来说是轻而易举的事，可推知，此处指的是作者无意识地吃掉三明治。故选D。
26．句意：习惯不需要从大脑中学习新的东西;它们以一系列活动的形式储存在大脑中。A. regulate"管理"；B. require"需求"；C. comprise"构成"；D. consume"消耗"。根据空后"they are stored as a sequence of activities in the brain."可知，习惯是一系列活动储存在大脑中，可推知，此处指的是习惯不需要大脑学习新东西。故选B。
27．句意：大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，这样当一个信号(咕噜咕噜的肚子)激活我们获得奖励(我的午餐)时，它们就会自动按顺序发生，这反过来又加强了习得的行为。A. subsequently"随后"；B. collectively"集体地"；C. automatically"自动地"；D. individually"单独地"。根据上文"My brain will choose this route by default (默认情况下), because it is the most learned behaviour."；以及空前"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together"可知，大脑会默认选择这条路线，大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，可推知，只要信号发出，它就会自动地按顺序发生。故选C。
28．句意：大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，这样当一个信号(咕噜咕噜的肚子)激活我们获得奖励(我的午餐)时，它们就会自动按顺序发生，这反过来又加强了习得的行为。A. in turn"反而"；B. in return "作为回报"；C. by far"大大地"；D. by contrast"相比之下"。根据空前"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 7 in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch)"可知，信号激活奖励时，它们就会自动按顺序发生；以及空后"strengthens that learned behaviour."可知，这种行为反过来又加强了习得的行为。故选A。
29．句意：你的大脑使用习惯来减少努力和节省能量，并且在收到信号时会默认这些行为。A. enhance "提高"；B. attain"获得"；C. reverse"颠倒，彻底转变"；D. minimize"降低，减少"。根据空后"and save energy"可知，大脑会用习惯节省能量，故选D。
30．句意：决定你想要增加哪些日常小习惯。A. bury"埋葬"；B. change"改变"；C. add"添加"；D. delete"删除"。根据上文"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 7 in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch)"可知，大脑会把这些行为加起来，在发出信号时会做出相应的行为，可推知，要形成快乐的习惯就需要决定想要添加那些日常习惯。故选C。
31．句意：或者，考虑一下那些对幸福有负面影响的习惯，你想要改掉这些习惯。A. Generally"一般，通常"；B. Alternatively"要不，或者"；C. Eventually"最终"；D. Initially"最初"。根据上文"Next, think about how and when you will do this."；以及空后"consider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that you want to break."可知，两者 之间为选择关系，故选B。
32．句意：和我一样，你也想停止在办公桌前吃午餐，到户外去吃吗？A. enjoy"享受"；B. imagine"想象"；C. delay"推迟"；D. stop"停止"。根据空后"and get outside instead "可知，取而代之的是去户外吃饭，所以此处指的是停止在办公桌前吃饭，故选D。
33．句意：第二步:明确你的原因。A. crazy"疯狂的"；B. calm"冷静的"；C. clear"清楚的"；D. curious"好奇的"。根据下文"What will you gain from this new happiness habit Why is it important to you "可知，要知道会从这个新的快乐习惯中获得什么，为什么这很重要，可推知，此处指的是要清楚自己为什么这样做。故选C。
34．句意：决定好你要从事新习惯的具体时间和你要做的事情——例如，"我想在午餐时间去散散步，亲近大自然。"A. engage in"参与，从事"；B. call for"需要"；C. appeal to"呼吁"；D. give up"放弃"。根据上文"How can we build happiness habits into our lives "；以及空后"your new habit"可知，此处讲述的是如何在生活中养成快乐的习惯，所以此处应为养成新习惯，故选A。
35．句意：尽可能从小事做起，因为这样做更容易实现，更容易重复，更有回报——这三件事是我们从一种努力的新行为转变为习惯所需要的。A. hopeful"充满希望的"；B. hopeless"无望的"；C. effortful"需要努力的"；D. effortless"不需费力的"。根据常识和空后"new behaviour to a habit."可知，养成新的习惯不是简单的事情，需要的是努力的行为。故选C。
【答案】36．C
37．A
38．D
39．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新研究，证明了信鸽可以通过精确的内部指南针和记忆的地标来回到它们的鸽舍，即使是在它们上一次飞行的四年之后。研究人员使用GPS设备记录了信鸽的飞行路线，发现它们可以记住路线，即使是几年前学习的路线。这表明信鸽的记忆力非常出色，可以保持多年。该项研究提供了新的证据，可用于观察信鸽的记忆力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"it's rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to"可知，动物储存信息和重新获得或找回信息之间有几年的间隔是很罕见的。可推知划线词 retrieve 意思是"重新获得，恢复"。故选C。
37．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in 2016."研究小组发现，如果鸽子第一次单独飞行或与其他鸽子一起飞行，它们对路线的记忆一样好，而且比2016年没有飞行的鸽子表现得好得多。可知，鸽子在离家多年后还记得回家的路线。故选A。
38．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons' paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm 8.6 kilometers away."在最近发表在《英国皇家学会学报B辑》上的一项研究中，比罗和她的同事们比较了国内信鸽从8.6公里外的农场回到鸽舍的路线三到四年后的路径。可知，"鸽子从放生地点飞到鸽舍几次"正确。故选D。
39．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons' remarkable memory, he says: ‘It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do.'"但它为信鸽非凡的记忆力提供了新的证据，他说："它拉近了我们以自我为中心的人类智力能力与动物能力之间的距离。"可知，在动物智力方面，人类被优越感蒙蔽了双眼。故选B。
【答案】40．B
41．C
42．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Barefoot Coaching的活动，改组织主要目的是简化原本可能是复杂的心理理论和模型，并以任何人都能理解的方式谈论它们。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
40．考查细节理解。根据I' IS FOR INTUITION部分中的"We don't have to reject logic or intellect to embrace intuition -good decisions are often the result of instinct and intellect working together."我们不必拒绝逻辑或智力来接受直觉——好的决定往往是本能和智力共同作用的结果。可知，直觉如果使用得当，它可以做出明智的决定。故选B。
41．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Each issue we will be focusing on a different element of coaching. Last month we explored Happiness, this month we will focus on Intuition."每期我们都会关注不同的辅导元素。上个月我们探讨了幸福，这个月我们将关注直觉；以及上文A-Z系列可知，这次是I开头的单词，上次为H开头的单词，在上次应该是G开始的单词，结合选项可知，Gratitude "感激"是上个月最有可能的话题。故选C。
42．考查细节理解。根据JOIN A FREE TASTER SESSON部分中的"Sessions run on a weekly basis from 10:00–13:00."课程每周从10:00-13:00开始。可知，每节课持续约3小时。故选A。
【答案】43．C
44．B
45．A
46．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Eleanor Lowenthal作为一个技术员在哈佛大学比较动物学博物馆工作的经历，以及她在E.O. Wilson的研究团队中的重要贡献。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Eleanor Lowenthal — my grandmother — in desperate need of income to put her husband through graduate school, walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. There, she convinced the scientists that she was the perfect person to mount (安放) and catalog their growing ant collection."我的祖母Eleanor Lowenthal急需收入供丈夫读完研究生，她走进了哈佛比较动物学博物馆。在那里，她说服了科学家们，她是他们不断增长的蚂蚁收集和编目的完美人选；以及第二段中"At the time, a promising graduate student named E.O. Wilson was coming up in the department. Wilson, who passed away in December 2021, was called the ‘father of biodiversity'. When Eleanor joined the department, researchers were racing to collect and catalog specimens (标本)."当时，系里来了一个很有前途的研究生，名叫E.O. Wilson。Wilson于2021年12月去世，被称为"生物多样性之父"。当Eleanor加入该部门时，研究人员正在竞相收集和分类标本。可知，前两段介绍了Eleanor进入哈佛比较动物学博物馆从事蚂蚁的收集和标本分类工作，同期Wilson进入该系进行相关研究，两人产生了交集。所以前两段主要写的是Eleanor和Wilson的职业道路是如何重叠的。故选C。
44．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Even when women's early work has been credited, the language used to describe their contributions often minimized their role in the team, not mentioning them by name. A recently discovered department report includes lines such as, ‘A large amount of spreading and setting insects was done by the lady assistant,' and ‘The collection has been remarkably free from pests… due to the continuous care of the lady assistant.'"即使女性的早期工作得到了肯定，用来描述她们的贡献的语言通常也会低估她们在团队中的作用，而不是提到她们的名字。最近发现的一份部门报告中包括这样的语句："大量的昆虫传播和产卵是由这位女助理完成的"，以及"由于这位女助理的持续照顾，这些收藏品出乎意料地免于害虫。"。可知，早期女性在工作中的贡献不能得到完全的肯定，段中引用报告中的句子"大量的昆虫传播和产卵是由这位女助理完成的"和"由于这位女助理的持续照顾，这些收藏品出乎意料地免于害虫。"是为了证明这一点。故选B。
45．考查细节理解。根据第六段"The department now functions like a library (specimen can be borrowed for study or examined on site), and serves as a training center for the next generation of scientists who use the collection in ways Wilson and my grandmother probably never imagined."该部门现在的功能就像一个图书馆(标本可以借来研究或在现场仔细检查)，并作为下一代科学家的培训中心，他们以Wilson和我祖母可能从未想象过的方式使用这些标本；以及第七段中的"Eleanor didn't realize the impact of her contribution at the time — the technician role was just a job that paid $38 a week. But she's come to appreciate the significance of her work on a project that spans centuries."Eleanor当时并没有意识到她的贡献的影响——技术人员一职只是一份周薪38美元的工作。但她已经开始意识到她在一个跨越几个世纪的项目中工作的重要性。可知，今天的研究人员仍在享用Eleanor的成果。故选A。
46．考查标题归纳。根据第二段中的"Behind the scenes, technicians like my grandmother preserved the specimen that furthered Wilson's work and continue to provide new insights and opportunities for researchers across the globe."在幕后，像我祖母这样的技术人员保存了标本，进一步推动了威尔逊的工作，并继续为全球的研究人员提供新的见解和机会；以及第三段中的"Eleanor's job as a technician required the same manual flexibility and coordination that art school had demanded. The job required her to work quickly, yet precisely."Eleanor的工作是一名技术人员，需要艺术学校所要求的手工灵活性和协调性。这项工作要求她工作迅速而精确。可知，文章介绍了Eleanor默默地在比较动物学领域从事着幕后工作，她的灵活、精确和迅速让她取得了成功。因此用"In memory of Eleanor — a woman who worked behind the scenes with extraordinary speed, accuracy and artistry"为了纪念Eleanor——一个在幕后以非凡的速度、准确性和艺术性工作的女人，作标题。故选D。
【答案】47．C；48．F；49．D；50．A
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了以前怀旧被视为一种精神疾病，但是现在人们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度。并给出了一些建议， 教人们如何善于利用自己的记忆来创造美好的未来。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
47．根据空前"The term ‘NOSTALGIA'(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease."在过去，"怀旧"一词用来描述精神疾病；以及空后"And it's a great example of the benefits of a strong memory — choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again."并且这是一个很好的例子，说明了强大记忆力的好处——选择重新捕捉过去的时光来再一次享受他们。可知，此处应描述如今人们对怀旧的态度， C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. "如今我们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度"与上文形成对比，并引出下文，符合语境，故选C。
48．根据空前"It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times."我们似乎在快乐时光的音乐记忆中找到了力量；以及空后"Because memory skills can take you into the future, too — bringing a whole new set of rewards."因为记忆技能也可以带你进入未来——带来一系列全新的奖励。可知，空格处应引出下文，描述与上文不一样的研究——想象未来影响当下的情绪，即，"逆向"时光旅行。F. But there's also a growing body of research into time travel "the other way"."但是也有越来越多的关于‘逆向'时光旅行的研究"，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
49．根据空前"To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that's particularly helpful — for reassurance, say — keep using it"为了唤醒开心的感觉，请使用你所有的感官——不仅仅是视觉。嗅觉，味觉，触觉以及听觉都同样会帮助你清晰地重现过去。如果你找到一个特别有帮助的记忆——比如说，能让你得到安慰——那就坚持使用它。可知，空格处应描述坚持利用记忆的好处。D. You'll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time."你会越来越快地找到它，并且每次增加更多的细节层次"描述坚持使用记忆的好处，符合语境，故选D。
50．根据空后"But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you'll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now."但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己。可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难。A. There'll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you're anxious about what's next."有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑"描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难，符合语境，故选A。
51．【答案】One possible version:
Contuiry to popular belief that regrets should be ignored. Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is cnicial for a happy life. Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful). To sum up. regret is a reminder telling us that wc can be better. [57]
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍，与人们普遍认为后悔应该被忽略的观点相反，作者舒尔茨指出，后悔对幸福生活至关重要。后悔使我们反思过去的行为，使学习成为可能。此外，行动而不是逃避遗憾会让我们感到更少的痛苦。总之，遗憾是一个提醒，告诉我们，我们可以做得更好。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Contuiry to popular belief that regrets should be ignored，Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is cnicial for a happy life.运用了同位语从句，宾语从句，动名词作主语； Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. 运用了省略to的不定式作宾补，现在分词作状语； To sum up. regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better. 运用了现在分词作定语，宾语从句。
52．【答案】The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively. /
Or: The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward.
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示"两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励"可翻译为The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively，其中be rewarded with表"得到……的奖赏"，为固定搭配， respectively表"分别地"，在本句中作状语；表示"两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励"也可翻译为The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward，其中as a reward表"作为奖励"，为固定搭配，在本句中作状语。故答案为The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively./The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
53．【答案】The more desperate a person is lor lame and wealth, the less likely he will do things in a down-to-earth/practical manner.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；固定句式；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"越……，就越……"用固定结构"the +比较级，the+比较级"；"一个人"翻译为a person；"名利"用短语fame and wealth；"名利心重"可以用短语be desperate for表示；"脚踏实地"翻译为in a down-to-earth/practical manner。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为The more desperate a person is for fame and wealth, the less likely he will do things in a down-to-earth/practical manner.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定句式"the +比较级，the+比较级"一般现在时以及固定短语。be desperate for。
54．【答案】His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for along time/the long buried one regain/return to its former glory.
His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has restored the one covered under the dust for a long time to its former glamour.
【知识点】现在完成时；结果状语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示"他修复古画的技巧"应为名词短语His skill of restoring the ancient paintings；表示"达到"为动词reach；后接such…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示"水平"为名词level；在从句中，表示"使得"为动词make，表示"那幅尘封已久的画作"可译为the one covered under the dust for a long time，表示"回到，重回"应为动词短语return to或restore...to...；表示"昔日的辉煌"应为名词短语its former glory。结合句意可知，该句主句应为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故答案为：His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time return to its former glory.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时，结果状语从句。
55．【答案】Years had passed before he gradually forgot dial embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/Qjefbre a big crowd.
Il was many years before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"许多年过去了"可翻译为Years had passed before或It was many years before；从句主语为he，表示"渐渐淡忘人生中那尴尬的一幕"翻译为gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life，后跟where引导的定语从句，表示"在大庭广众之下"翻译为in public或before a big crowd；表示"他看到血晕倒了"翻译以为he fainted at the sight of blood或at the sight of blood，为一般过去时。故答案为Years had passed before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd./It was many years before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定短语和时态。
56．【答案】略
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以美国一所中学的学生Sam 的身份 写一篇发言稿 。写作背景：最近你班要召开一次主题为"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"的班会。写作所给材料已经给出，考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并结合提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 首先以第一人称引入主题，强调反对校园霸凌的重要性；接着引用相关统计数据，揭示校园霸凌的普遍性和严重性；然后分析霸凌行为背后的原因，探讨其本质和影响；在此基础上，提出具体的解决方案，强调社区的共同责任和创建安全空间的必要性；最后总结全文，再次强调反对霸凌、保护学生心理健康的重要性，并呼吁大家共同努力，创造一个无霸凌的未来。 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
材料翻译如下：
Here are the national statistics about bullying in the USA
以下是美国关于欺凌的全国统计数据
. About 20% of students aged 12 - 18 experienced bullying nationwide.
在全国范围内，大约20%的12-18岁的学生经历过欺凌。
. Students aged 12 - 18 who reported bullied said they thought those who bullied them:
12岁至18岁的学生报告说，他们认为欺负他们的人：
-- had the ability to influence other students' perception of them (56%)
--有能力影响其他学生对他们的看法（56%）
-- were physically stronger or larger (40%)
--身体更强壮或更大（40%）
-- had more money (31%)
--有更多的钱（31%）
【点评】这道作文题"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"非常具有现实意义和社会价值。它聚焦于校园霸凌这一普遍存在的社会问题，并鼓励学生从自身出发，思考如何解决这个问题。首先，题目具有很强的针对性和时效性。校园霸凌是一个全球性的问题，影响着许多学生的身心健康。通过这道题目，教师可以引导学生关注这一现象，深入思考其背后的原因和影响，培养学生的社会责任感和同理心。其次，题目要求学生以第一人称进行写作，这有助于增强学生的参与感和代入感。通过"Sam"这一角色的设定，学生可以更加真实地表达自己的观点和感受，使作文更具说服力和感染力。此外，题目还提供了丰富的材料供学生参考，包括关于校园霸凌的统计数据和一些可能的解决方案。这些材料为学生提供了写作的思路和灵感，有助于他们更加全面、深入地探讨这个问题。 本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
1 / 1上海市杨浦区2024届高三上学期一模英语试卷
一、Grammar and Vocabulary
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Going Hungry in the Land of the Rich
The United States is one of the world's wealthiest countries. Despite this, many Americans struggle just to put healthy food, or any food at all, on the table every day. One might think that a food shortage　1． 　 (happen) in America, but this is not the case. There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of 　2． 　is unfortunately, wasted every day. There are many different ways food 　3． 　(waste): farmers only pick the best-looking crops, deliveries aren't made on time, supermarkets throw out extra products, customers buy more thanthey need, and so on. The highest level of wastage tends to happen in the richest communities.
Meanwhile, people who live in poor or rural areas often have little or no access to food. These areas are called "food deserts." They have fewer supermarkets, and the only food options that they 　4． 　 afford are often unhealthy ones. Healthy foods 　5． 　 fresh fruits and vegetables may be impossible to find. Sadly, 12.8% of the American population live in the food deserts.
What can we do to help　6． 　 who don't have enough food Shirley and Annie Zhu came up with a solution. In 2017, when Hurricane Harvey destroyed over 100,000 homes in their city, Houston, the sisters got involved.　7． 　 helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket, they saw a huge amount of food being wasted. At the same time, thousands of people in the city didn't have enough　8． 　 (eat).
The girls set up Fresh Hub with 10 of their classmates, 　9． 　 (hope) to do something to help. They created an app which could be used by residents to find out 　10． 　fresh food was available. Then they contacted local farmers and supermarkets to ask for their extra food. To date, Fresh Hub has delivered more than 15,000 pounds of food to people in need.
【答案】1．is happening；2．Which；3．is wasted；4．can；5．such as；6．those；7．While/When；8．to eat；9．hoping；10．whether/if7what/where
【知识点】说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国作为一个富裕国家，许多美国人每天都在努力为自己摆上健康食物甚至任何食物。然而，事实并非如此。美国拥有足够的食物供应，但每天有40%的食物被浪费掉。导致食物浪费的原因有很多，包括农民只选择外观最好的农作物，送货不准时，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客购买超过需求的食物等等。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，定语从句，语态，情态动词，代词，状语从句，非谓语动词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：有人可能会认为美国正在发生食物短缺，但事实并非如此。此处是宾语从句谓语动词，表示"现在正在发生"的事情，用现在进行时，从句主语a food shortage，从句谓语单数形式。故填is happening。
2．句意：每个人都有足够的食物，不幸的是，每天有40%的食物被浪费。40% of is unfortunately, wasted every day非限制性定语从句，先行词food指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
3．句意：食物浪费的方式有很多：农民只挑选最好看的作物，没有按时送货，超市扔掉多余的产品，顾客买的比他们需要的多，等等。此处为限制性定语从句的谓语动词，从句主语food和从句谓语动词waste为被动关系，结合该句句意可知，应为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时，从句主语不可数名词，从句谓语单数形式。故填is wasted。
4．句意：他们的超市更少，他们唯一能负担得起的食物选择往往是不健康的。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用情态动词can，表示"能够"，强调穷人和农村地区经常无法支付健康食品的价格。故填can。
5．句意：像新鲜水果和蔬菜这样的健康食品可能是不可能找到的。此处应用介词短语such as，表示"例如"，用来列举健康食品的例子。故填such as。
6．句意：我们能做些什么来帮助那些没有足够食物的人呢？根据上下文句意可知，此处应为代词those表示"那些"没有足够食物的人，为限制性定语从句who don't have enough food的先行词。故填those。
7．句意：在帮助清理被洪水淹没的超市的水时，他们看到了大量被浪费的食物。首字母大写，根据句意，此处需要使用时间状语从句省略句的连词，表示"当……的时候"，可用连词While或When引导。故填While/When。
8．句意：与此同时，城市里成千上万的人没有足够的食物。根据句意和语法，此处应用不定式作后置定语，表示"吃的东西"。故填to eat。
9．句意：女孩们和她们的10个同学一起建立了Fresh Hub，希望能做点什么来帮助别人。hope和逻辑主语The girls为主动关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语。故填hoping。
10．句意：他们开发了一个应用程序，居民可以用它来查找是否有新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解有什么新鲜食物/居民可以使用它来了解哪里有新鲜食物。根据句意和语法，此处需要使用宾语从句的引导词，该空可表示"是否"，用whether/if引导宾语从句；也可用连接代词what作定语，修饰名词短语fresh food，表"什么新鲜食物"；还可用连接副词where在从句中作地点状语，表"哪里"。故填whether/if/what/where。
二、选词填空
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. normally B. boost C. sustain D. gains E. assessing F. substantially G. efforts H. mixed I. surprising J. anticipate K. assigned
Your Social-Media Detoxes （脱瘾治疗） Probably Aren't Helping You
We've all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices, even for 24 hours. Such breaks are said to　11． 　self-confidence, reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out, and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions. Yet studies exploring those effects have produced 　12． 　 results. So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological　13． 　.
The researchers recruited 600 undergraduate students in three places: the United States, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong. All participants were randomly　14． 　to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment. On the other day, they were to interact with the digital platforms as they 　15． 　would. Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at 　16． 　 various aspects of well-being. Contrary to the researchers' expectations, the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions, self-confidence, or daily satisfaction. When it did have an effect, it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness, although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender. Just as 　17． 　, people didn't use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing. In fact, they reported 　18． 　lower levels of face-to-face, phone, and email interactions on their detoxing days.
Even short social-media breaks can be hard to 　19． 　 -- indeed, only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the 　20． 　. "We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being," the researchers write.
【答案】11．B；12．H；13．D；14．K；15．A；16．E；17．I；18．F；19．C；20．G
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于社交媒体脱瘾对心理健康的影响的研究。
选项意思：
A. normally - 通常地，正常地
B. boost - 提升，增加
C. sustain - 维持，持续
D. gains - 获得，收益
E. assessing - 评估，评价
F. substantially - 实质上，大量地
G. efforts - 努力，尝试
H. mixed - 混合的，复杂的
I. surprising - 令人惊讶的
J. anticipate - 预期，预见
K. assigned - 被指派的，分配的
【点评】考查选词填空， 这些单词涵盖了各种语境和用途，包括形容词、动词和名词，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：据说这样的休息可以增强自信，减少社会竞争力和对错过的恐惧，并为更丰富的面对面互动腾出空间。根据上文"unplugging from digital devices"；以及空后"self-confidence, reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out, and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions"可知，此处表示"这样的休息可以增强自信"，空格处意为"增强"，是动词boost，be said to do sth.固定短语，"据说某人做某事"，故选B。
12．句意：然而，探索这些影响的研究产生了不同的结果。由"Yet"可知，yet表转折，此处表示"然而，探索这些影响的研究产生了不同的结果"，也就是结果是好坏都有，是混合的，空格处意为"混合的"，是形容词mixed，故选H。
13．句意：因此，一个全球研究团队开始系统地测试社交媒体脱瘾能带来有意义的心理收益这一观点。根据下文"We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being"我们没有发现任何证据表明社交媒体脱瘾一天对心理健康有显著的积极影响。可知，句子表示"一个全球研究团队开始系统地测试社交媒体脱瘾能带来有意义的心理收益这一观点"，空格处意为"收益"，是名词gain，有很多受益，所以空格处用复数。故选D。
14．句意：在为期两天的实验中，所有参与者被随机分配在第一天或第二天远离社交媒体。根据空后"keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment"可知，句子表示"所有参与者被随机分配在第一天或第二天远离社交媒体"，空格处意为"分配"，是动词assign，他们被分配，因此用被动语态，空前有were，空格处用过去分词，故选K。
15．句意：另一天，他们将像往常一样与数字平台互动。根据空前"On the other day, they were to interact with digital platforms"可知，句子表示"另一天，他们将像往常一样与数字平台互动"，空格处意为"通常"，是副词normally，故选A。
16．句意：每天晚上，他们都要回答旨在评估幸福感各个方面的调查问题。根据空前"survey questions"；以及空后"various aspects of well-being"可知，句子表示"每天晚上，他们都要回答旨在评估幸福感各个方面的调查问题"，空格处意为"评估"，是动词assess，at是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故选E。
17．句意：同样令人惊讶的是，人们并没有把从看屏幕中解放出来的时间用于其他形式的社交。根据空后"people didn't use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing"可知，句子表示"同样令人惊讶的是，人们并没有把从看屏幕中解放出来的时间用于其他形式的社交"，空格处意为"令人惊讶的"，是形容词surprising，故选I。
18．句意：事实上，他们报告说，在脱瘾的日子里，面对面、电话和电子邮件的互动程度要低得多。根据空后"lower levels of face-to-face, phone, and email interactions on their detoxing days"可知，句子表示"他们报告说，在脱瘾的日子里，面对面、电话和电子邮件的互动程度要低得多"，空格处意为"大量地"，是副词substantially，作状语修饰形容词lower，故选F。
19．句意：即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持——事实上，实验中只有一半的参与者按照要求做了，这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力。由根据空后"only half the participants in the experiment did what was required"可知，句子表示"即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持"，空格处意为"维持"，是动词sustain，sth. be hard to do意为"某物很难做"，因此空格处是原形，故选C。
20．句意：即使是短暂的社交媒体休息也很难维持——事实上，实验中只有一半的参与者按照要求做了，这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力。根据空前"only half the participants in the experiment did what was required"可知，句子表示"这些结果表明，他们可能不值得付出努力"，空格处意为"努力"，是名词effort，要用复数，故选G。
三、Reading Comprehensions
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Often, we know what makes us happy ... but, despite this, often we don't put the theory into action. Why do I (the person who tells you that taking breaks 21． stress and makes you more efficient) sit at my computer eating my lunch I know this is unhelpful for me, so what on earth is going on It all started at a time of huge pressure when I was training, and I began eating my lunch at my desk to 22． time. I did it over and over again until it became 23． to my brain.
My brain will choose this route by default （默认情况下） , because it is the most learned behaviour. Something in my office 24． (probably my stomach rumbling （发咕咕声） will send a signal to my brain that it's lunchtime, and I will pick up my sandwich and eat it with very little 25． . It is a no-brainer to my brain; it's just what it does.
Habits don't 26． new learning from the brain; they are stored as a sequence of activities in the brain. The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 27． in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch), which 28． strengthens that learned behaviour. Your brain uses habits to 29． effort and save energy, and will default to these behaviours when signalled. How can we build happiness habits into our lives
Step 1: What is it that you want to do Decided what you want to 30． as small daily habits. Next, think about how and when you will do this. 31． , consider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that you want to break. Like me, do you want to 32． eating lunch at your desk and get outside instead
Step 2: Be 33． about your why What will you gain from this new happiness habit Why is it important to you This helpsyou to want to make the effort to break your default habits.
Step 3: Be specific
Decide when specifically you will 34． your new habit and what you will do -- for example, "I want to go for a walk to connect with nature at lunchtime." Start as small as you can, because this is more likely to be achievable, repeatable and rewarding -- three things were need to happen to shift from a(n) 35． new behaviour to a habit.
21．A． increases B． reduces C． suggests D． excludes
22．A． kill B． spend C． save D． make
23．A． habitual B． continual C． relevant D． remote
24．A． context B． council C． entry D． format
25．A． assistance B． appreciation C． appetite D． awareness
26．A． regulate B． require C． comprise D． consume
27．A． subsequently B． collectively
C． automatically D． individually
28．A． in turn B． in return
C． by far D． by contrast
29．A． enhance B． attain C． reverse D． minimize
30．A． bury B． change C． add D． delete
31．A． Generally B． Alternatively
C． Eventually D． Initially
32．A． enjoy B． imagine C． delay D． stop
33．A． crazy B． calm C． clear D． curious
34．A． engage in B． call for C． appeal to D． give up
35．A． hopeful B． hopeless C． effortful D． effortless
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．A；24．A；25．D；26．B；27．C；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．C
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大脑的习惯是如何形成的以及如何在生活中形成快乐的习惯。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：为什么我(那个告诉你休息可以减轻压力、提高效率的人)要坐在电脑前吃午饭 A. increases"增加"；B. reduces"减少"；C. suggests"建议"；D. excludes"排除，不包括"。根据常识和空前"taking breaks"可知，休息应该是可以减少压力。故选B。
22．句意：这一切都始于我训练时的巨大压力，为了节省时间，我开始在办公桌上吃午餐。A. kill"杀死"；B. spend"花费"；C. save"节省"；D. make"制造"。根据空前"and I began eating my lunch at my desk"可知，作者在办公桌旁吃饭应是为了节省时间，故选C。
23．句意：我一遍又一遍地做，直到它成为我的大脑习惯。A. habitual"习惯性的"；B. continual"频繁的"；C. relevant"有关的"；D. remote"偏远的"。根据语境以及空前"I did it over and over again"可知，作者一遍一遍地去做，可推知，反复去做一件事情会形成习惯，故选A。
24．句意：在我的办公室环境中(可能是我的胃咕咕叫)会向我的大脑发送一个信号，告诉我午餐时间到了，我会拿起我的三明治，毫无意识地吃掉它。A. context"背景，语境"；B. council"委员会"；C. entry"进入"；D. format"格式"。根据空后"probably my stomach rumbling"可知，肚子发出咕咕叫应是一种情景。故选A。
25．句意：在我的办公室环境中(可能是我的胃咕咕叫)会向我的大脑发送一个信号，告诉我午餐时间到了，我会拿起我的三明治，毫无意识地吃掉它。A. assistance"援助"；B. appreciation"感激，欣赏"；C. appetite"胃口"；D. awareness"意识"。根据下文"It is a no-brainer to my brain; it's just what it does."可知，这对我来说是轻而易举的事，可推知，此处指的是作者无意识地吃掉三明治。故选D。
26．句意：习惯不需要从大脑中学习新的东西;它们以一系列活动的形式储存在大脑中。A. regulate"管理"；B. require"需求"；C. comprise"构成"；D. consume"消耗"。根据空后"they are stored as a sequence of activities in the brain."可知，习惯是一系列活动储存在大脑中，可推知，此处指的是习惯不需要大脑学习新东西。故选B。
27．句意：大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，这样当一个信号(咕噜咕噜的肚子)激活我们获得奖励(我的午餐)时，它们就会自动按顺序发生，这反过来又加强了习得的行为。A. subsequently"随后"；B. collectively"集体地"；C. automatically"自动地"；D. individually"单独地"。根据上文"My brain will choose this route by default (默认情况下), because it is the most learned behaviour."；以及空前"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together"可知，大脑会默认选择这条路线，大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，可推知，只要信号发出，它就会自动地按顺序发生。故选C。
28．句意：大脑将一系列常规行为加在一起，这样当一个信号(咕噜咕噜的肚子)激活我们获得奖励(我的午餐)时，它们就会自动按顺序发生，这反过来又加强了习得的行为。A. in turn"反而"；B. in return "作为回报"；C. by far"大大地"；D. by contrast"相比之下"。根据空前"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 7 in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch)"可知，信号激活奖励时，它们就会自动按顺序发生；以及空后"strengthens that learned behaviour."可知，这种行为反过来又加强了习得的行为。故选A。
29．句意：你的大脑使用习惯来减少努力和节省能量，并且在收到信号时会默认这些行为。A. enhance "提高"；B. attain"获得"；C. reverse"颠倒，彻底转变"；D. minimize"降低，减少"。根据空后"and save energy"可知，大脑会用习惯节省能量，故选D。
30．句意：决定你想要增加哪些日常小习惯。A. bury"埋葬"；B. change"改变"；C. add"添加"；D. delete"删除"。根据上文"The brain adds a routine of behaviours together so they all happen 7 in sequence when activated by a signal (that rumbling stomach) to get us to a reward (my lunch)"可知，大脑会把这些行为加起来，在发出信号时会做出相应的行为，可推知，要形成快乐的习惯就需要决定想要添加那些日常习惯。故选C。
31．句意：或者，考虑一下那些对幸福有负面影响的习惯，你想要改掉这些习惯。A. Generally"一般，通常"；B. Alternatively"要不，或者"；C. Eventually"最终"；D. Initially"最初"。根据上文"Next, think about how and when you will do this."；以及空后"consider the habits that affect happiness negatively and that you want to break."可知，两者 之间为选择关系，故选B。
32．句意：和我一样，你也想停止在办公桌前吃午餐，到户外去吃吗？A. enjoy"享受"；B. imagine"想象"；C. delay"推迟"；D. stop"停止"。根据空后"and get outside instead "可知，取而代之的是去户外吃饭，所以此处指的是停止在办公桌前吃饭，故选D。
33．句意：第二步:明确你的原因。A. crazy"疯狂的"；B. calm"冷静的"；C. clear"清楚的"；D. curious"好奇的"。根据下文"What will you gain from this new happiness habit Why is it important to you "可知，要知道会从这个新的快乐习惯中获得什么，为什么这很重要，可推知，此处指的是要清楚自己为什么这样做。故选C。
34．句意：决定好你要从事新习惯的具体时间和你要做的事情——例如，"我想在午餐时间去散散步，亲近大自然。"A. engage in"参与，从事"；B. call for"需要"；C. appeal to"呼吁"；D. give up"放弃"。根据上文"How can we build happiness habits into our lives "；以及空后"your new habit"可知，此处讲述的是如何在生活中养成快乐的习惯，所以此处应为养成新习惯，故选A。
35．句意：尽可能从小事做起，因为这样做更容易实现，更容易重复，更有回报——这三件事是我们从一种努力的新行为转变为习惯所需要的。A. hopeful"充满希望的"；B. hopeless"无望的"；C. effortful"需要努力的"；D. effortless"不需费力的"。根据常识和空后"new behaviour to a habit."可知，养成新的习惯不是简单的事情，需要的是努力的行为。故选C。
四、阅读理解
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Homing pigeons combine precise internal compasses and memorized landmarks to re-trace a path back to their lofts -- even four years after the previous time they made the trip, a new study shows.
Testing nonhuman memory retention （保持） is challenging; in research studies, "it's rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to retrieve it," says University of Oxford zoologist Dora Biro. For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons' paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm 8.6 kilometers away. The study built on data from a 2016 experiment in which pigeons learned routes in different social contexts during several flights -- on their own or with peers that did or did not know the way.
Using data from GPS devices temporarily attached to the birds' backs, the researchers compared the flight paths a pack of pigeons took in 2019 or 2020, without the birds visiting the release site in between. Some birds missed a handful of landmarks along the way, but many others took "strikingly similar" routes to those they used in 2016, says Oxford zoologist and study co-author Julien Collect: "It was ... as if the last time they flew there was just the day before, not four years ago."
The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in 2016. The result is not surprising, says Verner Bing-man, who studies animal navigation at Bowling Green State University and was not involved with the study. But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons' remarkable memory, he says: "It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do."
36．The underlined word "retrieve" is closest in meaning to ____ .
A．reserve B．return C．recover D．record
37．Which of the following conclusions may be found in the recent study in____the Proceedings____of____theRoyal Society B
A．Pigeons remember specific routes home after years away.
B．Pigeons remember routes better when flying with others.
C．Pigeons can find their way back though taking different routes.
D．Pigeons can retrace the path home through an attached GPS device.
38．Which of the following is TRUE about the 2016 experiment
A．Oxford zoologist Julien Coolet designed the experiment procedure.
B．GPS devices were attached permanently to collect data about flight routes.
C．The experiment was designed to eliminate pigeons that missed key landmarks.
D．Pigeons were made to fly from the release site to their lofts several times.
39．What can be inferred from the best paragraph
A．Humans need to adopt a more rigid approach to pigeons' memory.
B．Humans are blinded by superiority when it comes to animal intelligence.
C．Riddles about animals are too complex to be solved in the foreseeable future.
D．There have been mixed responses to the findings about pigeons' memory.
【答案】36．C
37．A
38．D
39．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新研究，证明了信鸽可以通过精确的内部指南针和记忆的地标来回到它们的鸽舍，即使是在它们上一次飞行的四年之后。研究人员使用GPS设备记录了信鸽的飞行路线，发现它们可以记住路线，即使是几年前学习的路线。这表明信鸽的记忆力非常出色，可以保持多年。该项研究提供了新的证据，可用于观察信鸽的记忆力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"it's rare that there is a gap of several years between when an animal stores the information and when it is next required to"可知，动物储存信息和重新获得或找回信息之间有几年的间隔是很罕见的。可推知划线词 retrieve 意思是"重新获得，恢复"。故选C。
37．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The team found that the pigeons remembered a route just as well if they first flew it alone or with others and fared much better than those that had not made the journey in 2016."研究小组发现，如果鸽子第一次单独飞行或与其他鸽子一起飞行，它们对路线的记忆一样好，而且比2016年没有飞行的鸽子表现得好得多。可知，鸽子在离家多年后还记得回家的路线。故选A。
38．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For a recent study in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biro and her colleagues compared domestic homing pigeons' paths three or four years after the birds established routes back to their loft from a farm 8.6 kilometers away."在最近发表在《英国皇家学会学报B辑》上的一项研究中，比罗和她的同事们比较了国内信鸽从8.6公里外的农场回到鸽舍的路线三到四年后的路径。可知，"鸽子从放生地点飞到鸽舍几次"正确。故选D。
39．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"But it provides new confirmation of homing pigeons' remarkable memory, he says: ‘It closes the distance a little bit between our self-centered sense of human intellectual abilities and what animals can do.'"但它为信鸽非凡的记忆力提供了新的证据，他说："它拉近了我们以自我为中心的人类智力能力与动物能力之间的距离。"可知，在动物智力方面，人类被优越感蒙蔽了双眼。故选B。
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 阅读短文，回答问题
A-Z OF COACHING
Welcome to Barefoot Coaching's A-Z series. We aim to simplify what might otherwise be complex psychological theories and models and talk about them in a way that anybody can understand. We believe that everybody benefits from learning about and practising coaching skills - and it's catching! Coaching spreads into other areas of our life and work and the positive effects are felt far beyond just ourselves. Each issue we will be focusing on a different element of
coaching. Last month we explored Happiness, this month we will focus on Intuition.
'I' IS FOR INTUITION
"There is a voice that doesn't use words. Listen." Rumi
If you have ever followed a "hunch", gone with your gut, listened to your inner voice, or felt "I just know", then you have accessed your intuition. We don't have to reject logic or intellect to embrace intuition - good decisions are often the result of instinct and intellect working together.
Here are 3 ways to improve your intuition:
. Wild writing. Every day for a week, sit quietly and write for 5 minutes without thinking. Just let the words appear on the page. Then notice what you learn from your untamed thoughts.
Walking without purpose. Go for a walk (without your phone or others distractions). Take notice if you find your attention being drawn to any particular sights or sounds. Identify what feelings, thoughts or meaning they have for you.
When faced with a decision, ask yourself "What does my head, heart and gut say "
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40．Which of the following is TRUE about Intuition
A．It is a born skill that can not be improved.
B．It enables wise decisions when used properly.
C．It is contradictory to the power of reasoning.
D．It guides us to notice the little things in our life.
41．____was most likely the topic for the month before last.
A．Pity. B．Jazz. C．Gratitude. D．Harmony.
42．What can be learned about the Taster Sessions
A．Each session lasts about 3 hours.
B．A password is needed for booking a session.
C．They run at a fixed time every day.
D．They are free to regular members only.
【答案】40．B
41．C
42．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Barefoot Coaching的活动，改组织主要目的是简化原本可能是复杂的心理理论和模型，并以任何人都能理解的方式谈论它们。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
40．考查细节理解。根据I' IS FOR INTUITION部分中的"We don't have to reject logic or intellect to embrace intuition -good decisions are often the result of instinct and intellect working together."我们不必拒绝逻辑或智力来接受直觉——好的决定往往是本能和智力共同作用的结果。可知，直觉如果使用得当，它可以做出明智的决定。故选B。
41．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Each issue we will be focusing on a different element of coaching. Last month we explored Happiness, this month we will focus on Intuition."每期我们都会关注不同的辅导元素。上个月我们探讨了幸福，这个月我们将关注直觉；以及上文A-Z系列可知，这次是I开头的单词，上次为H开头的单词，在上次应该是G开始的单词，结合选项可知，Gratitude "感激"是上个月最有可能的话题。故选C。
42．考查细节理解。根据JOIN A FREE TASTER SESSON部分中的"Sessions run on a weekly basis from 10:00–13:00."课程每周从10:00-13:00开始。可知，每节课持续约3小时。故选A。
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 阅读短文，回答问题
In memory of Eleanor—a woman ____
[1] Eleanor Lowenthal - my grandmother - om desperate need of income to put her husband through graduate school, walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. There, she convinced the scientists that she was the perfect person to mount（安放）and catalog their growing ant collection.
[2] At the time, a promising graduate student named E. O. Wilson was coming up in the department. Wilson, who passed away in December 2021, was called the "father of biodiversity". When Eleanor joined the department, researchers were racing to collect and catalog specimens（标本） . As Wilson shifted research towards smaller, less glamorous species that nonetheless held ecological significance, he set the stage for conservation biology. Behind the scenes, technicians like my grandmother preserved the specimen that furthered Wilson's work and continue to provide new insights and opportunities for researchers across the globe.
[3] At the time, hiring a 21-year-old woman who had dropped out of art school was a significant gamble. It paid off. Eleanor's job as a technician required the same manual flexibility and coordination that art school had demanded. The job required her to work quickly, yet precisely. Rushing could risk ruining a rare specimen, but Eleanor could process ants as quickly as Wilson could mail them back from his expeditions to Australia and Papua New Guinea. She sometimes mounted as many as 200 a day.
[4] It wasn't a coincidence that Eleanor found work in entomology. Wilson's high-profile research on ants cracked an opening for women in previously male-dominated field of conservation, which was centered around studying big game in the first half of the 20th century.
[5] Even when women's early work has been credited, the language used to describe their contributions often minimized their role in the team, not mentioning them by name. A recently discovered department report includes lines such as, "A large amount of spreading and setting insects was done by the lady assistant," and "The collection has been remarkably free from pests ... due to the continuous care of the lady assistant."
[6] The department now functions like a library (specimen can be borrowed for study or examined on site), and serves as a training center for the next generation of scientists who use the collection in ways Wilson and my grandmother probably never imagined.
[7] Eleanor didn't realize the impact of her contribution at the time - the technician role was just a job that paid $38 a week. But she's come to appreciate the significance of her work on a project that spans centuries. "You can see how it goes from one era to another," says Eleanor, "It's so important to have this library for people to make connections and new discoveries."
43．The first two paragraphs write about ____.
A．why Eleanor was chosen to be an assistant for Wilson
B．what convinced Wilson switch to the study of ants
C．how Eleanor's and Wilson's career paths crossed
D．when technicians like Eleanor started to get hired
44．Why were the lines in the report cited in the fifth paragraph
A．To prove how important women's early work was.
B．To show women's role at the time was not fully recognized.
C．To give a vivid description of the nature of women's work.
D．To teach the wisdom of writing good science reports.
45．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Today's researchers are still enjoying the benefits of Eleanor's work.
B．Eleanor is now working as a supervisor in the department.
C．New scientific discoveries are the results of collective wisdom.
D．Nobody's work is as important as Eleanor's in the department.
46．Which of the following should be filled in the title "In memory of Eleanor - as woman".____
A．whose struggle mirrored the social changes in the status of women
B．whose work won her fame in the then male-dominated field of conservation
C．who pioneered a unique ant management system at the Harvard Museum
D．who worked behind the scenes with extraordinary speed, accuracy and artistry
【答案】43．C
44．B
45．A
46．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Eleanor Lowenthal作为一个技术员在哈佛大学比较动物学博物馆工作的经历，以及她在E.O. Wilson的研究团队中的重要贡献。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Eleanor Lowenthal — my grandmother — in desperate need of income to put her husband through graduate school, walked into the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. There, she convinced the scientists that she was the perfect person to mount (安放) and catalog their growing ant collection."我的祖母Eleanor Lowenthal急需收入供丈夫读完研究生，她走进了哈佛比较动物学博物馆。在那里，她说服了科学家们，她是他们不断增长的蚂蚁收集和编目的完美人选；以及第二段中"At the time, a promising graduate student named E.O. Wilson was coming up in the department. Wilson, who passed away in December 2021, was called the ‘father of biodiversity'. When Eleanor joined the department, researchers were racing to collect and catalog specimens (标本)."当时，系里来了一个很有前途的研究生，名叫E.O. Wilson。Wilson于2021年12月去世，被称为"生物多样性之父"。当Eleanor加入该部门时，研究人员正在竞相收集和分类标本。可知，前两段介绍了Eleanor进入哈佛比较动物学博物馆从事蚂蚁的收集和标本分类工作，同期Wilson进入该系进行相关研究，两人产生了交集。所以前两段主要写的是Eleanor和Wilson的职业道路是如何重叠的。故选C。
44．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Even when women's early work has been credited, the language used to describe their contributions often minimized their role in the team, not mentioning them by name. A recently discovered department report includes lines such as, ‘A large amount of spreading and setting insects was done by the lady assistant,' and ‘The collection has been remarkably free from pests… due to the continuous care of the lady assistant.'"即使女性的早期工作得到了肯定，用来描述她们的贡献的语言通常也会低估她们在团队中的作用，而不是提到她们的名字。最近发现的一份部门报告中包括这样的语句："大量的昆虫传播和产卵是由这位女助理完成的"，以及"由于这位女助理的持续照顾，这些收藏品出乎意料地免于害虫。"。可知，早期女性在工作中的贡献不能得到完全的肯定，段中引用报告中的句子"大量的昆虫传播和产卵是由这位女助理完成的"和"由于这位女助理的持续照顾，这些收藏品出乎意料地免于害虫。"是为了证明这一点。故选B。
45．考查细节理解。根据第六段"The department now functions like a library (specimen can be borrowed for study or examined on site), and serves as a training center for the next generation of scientists who use the collection in ways Wilson and my grandmother probably never imagined."该部门现在的功能就像一个图书馆(标本可以借来研究或在现场仔细检查)，并作为下一代科学家的培训中心，他们以Wilson和我祖母可能从未想象过的方式使用这些标本；以及第七段中的"Eleanor didn't realize the impact of her contribution at the time — the technician role was just a job that paid $38 a week. But she's come to appreciate the significance of her work on a project that spans centuries."Eleanor当时并没有意识到她的贡献的影响——技术人员一职只是一份周薪38美元的工作。但她已经开始意识到她在一个跨越几个世纪的项目中工作的重要性。可知，今天的研究人员仍在享用Eleanor的成果。故选A。
46．考查标题归纳。根据第二段中的"Behind the scenes, technicians like my grandmother preserved the specimen that furthered Wilson's work and continue to provide new insights and opportunities for researchers across the globe."在幕后，像我祖母这样的技术人员保存了标本，进一步推动了威尔逊的工作，并继续为全球的研究人员提供新的见解和机会；以及第三段中的"Eleanor's job as a technician required the same manual flexibility and coordination that art school had demanded. The job required her to work quickly, yet precisely."Eleanor的工作是一名技术人员，需要艺术学校所要求的手工灵活性和协调性。这项工作要求她工作迅速而精确。可知，文章介绍了Eleanor默默地在比较动物学领域从事着幕后工作，她的灵活、精确和迅速让她取得了成功。因此用"In memory of Eleanor — a woman who worked behind the scenes with extraordinary speed, accuracy and artistry"为了纪念Eleanor——一个在幕后以非凡的速度、准确性和艺术性工作的女人，作标题。故选D。
五、任务型阅读
（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. There'll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you're anxious about what's next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You'll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there's also a growing body of research into time travel "the other way".
How to Travel in Time
The term "NNOSTALGIA" （怀旧） used to describe a mental disease. The "algia" bit means"pain", and the word was coined by a 17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers, whose symptoms included hallucinations（幻觉）and depression.　47． 　 And it's a great example of the benefits of a strong memory -- choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.
As evidence, a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed of Spotifyduring lockdown. It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.　48． 　 Because memory skills can take you into the future, too -- bringing a whole new set of rewards.
In another pandemic experiment, people wrote letters to their future selves, and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19. Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:
* To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses -- not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that's particularly helpful -- for reassurance, say -- keep using it!　49． 　
* When you're procrastinating（拖延）, visualise an end result. Flash forward to see the floorswept or the easy finished, and use that positive image to spur you into action.
* Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don't just picture yourselfgetting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it's going to change your life.
　50． 　But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you'll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
【答案】47．C；48．F；49．D；50．A
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了以前怀旧被视为一种精神疾病，但是现在人们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度。并给出了一些建议， 教人们如何善于利用自己的记忆来创造美好的未来。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
47．根据空前"The term ‘NOSTALGIA'(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease."在过去，"怀旧"一词用来描述精神疾病；以及空后"And it's a great example of the benefits of a strong memory — choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again."并且这是一个很好的例子，说明了强大记忆力的好处——选择重新捕捉过去的时光来再一次享受他们。可知，此处应描述如今人们对怀旧的态度， C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. "如今我们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度"与上文形成对比，并引出下文，符合语境，故选C。
48．根据空前"It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times."我们似乎在快乐时光的音乐记忆中找到了力量；以及空后"Because memory skills can take you into the future, too — bringing a whole new set of rewards."因为记忆技能也可以带你进入未来——带来一系列全新的奖励。可知，空格处应引出下文，描述与上文不一样的研究——想象未来影响当下的情绪，即，"逆向"时光旅行。F. But there's also a growing body of research into time travel "the other way"."但是也有越来越多的关于‘逆向'时光旅行的研究"，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
49．根据空前"To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that's particularly helpful — for reassurance, say — keep using it"为了唤醒开心的感觉，请使用你所有的感官——不仅仅是视觉。嗅觉，味觉，触觉以及听觉都同样会帮助你清晰地重现过去。如果你找到一个特别有帮助的记忆——比如说，能让你得到安慰——那就坚持使用它。可知，空格处应描述坚持利用记忆的好处。D. You'll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time."你会越来越快地找到它，并且每次增加更多的细节层次"描述坚持使用记忆的好处，符合语境，故选D。
50．根据空后"But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you'll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now."但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己。可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难。A. There'll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you're anxious about what's next."有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑"描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难，符合语境，故选A。
六、Summary Writing
51．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets
Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. Mistakes may be unavoidable, but they should be kept to a minimum. And when they do occur, the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey. That seems logical, at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret. As author Kathryn Schulz argues, "If you want to be fully functional, and fully human, and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it." Counter-intuitively, she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life. No one is saying, of course, that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea. But neither is a "no regrets and never look back" mentality.
Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If you keep telling yourself "no regrets," then learning isn't going to happen. Besides, hiding from regret doesn't make it hurt less.
Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you're troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you're older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship Act to try to repair it.
Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: "Regret doesn't remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we know we can do better."
【答案】One possible version:
Contuiry to popular belief that regrets should be ignored. Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is cnicial for a happy life. Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. Besides, action rather than hiding from regrets makes us feel less pain(ful). To sum up. regret is a reminder telling us that wc can be better. [57]
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍，与人们普遍认为后悔应该被忽略的观点相反，作者舒尔茨指出，后悔对幸福生活至关重要。后悔使我们反思过去的行为，使学习成为可能。此外，行动而不是逃避遗憾会让我们感到更少的痛苦。总之，遗憾是一个提醒，告诉我们，我们可以做得更好。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Contuiry to popular belief that regrets should be ignored，Author Schulz points out that feeling regret is cnicial for a happy life.运用了同位语从句，宾语从句，动名词作主语； Regret makes us reflect upon past action, making learning possible. 运用了省略to的不定式作宾补，现在分词作状语； To sum up. regret is a reminder telling us that we can be better. 运用了现在分词作定语，宾语从句。
七、Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励。(reward)
【答案】The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively. /
Or: The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward.
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示"两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励"可翻译为The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively，其中be rewarded with表"得到……的奖赏"，为固定搭配， respectively表"分别地"，在本句中作状语；表示"两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励"也可翻译为The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward，其中as a reward表"作为奖励"，为固定搭配，在本句中作状语。故答案为The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively./The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
53．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 一个人名利心越重， 就越不可能脚踏实地做事。(desperate)
【答案】The more desperate a person is lor lame and wealth, the less likely he will do things in a down-to-earth/practical manner.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；固定句式；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"越……，就越……"用固定结构"the +比较级，the+比较级"；"一个人"翻译为a person；"名利"用短语fame and wealth；"名利心重"可以用短语be desperate for表示；"脚踏实地"翻译为in a down-to-earth/practical manner。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为The more desperate a person is for fame and wealth, the less likely he will do things in a down-to-earth/practical manner.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定句式"the +比较级，the+比较级"一般现在时以及固定短语。be desperate for。
54．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 他的古画修复水平如此之高， 使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。(such)
【答案】His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for along time/the long buried one regain/return to its former glory.
His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has restored the one covered under the dust for a long time to its former glamour.
【知识点】现在完成时；结果状语从句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示"他修复古画的技巧"应为名词短语His skill of restoring the ancient paintings；表示"达到"为动词reach；后接such…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示"水平"为名词level；在从句中，表示"使得"为动词make，表示"那幅尘封已久的画作"可译为the one covered under the dust for a long time，表示"回到，重回"应为动词短语return to或restore...to...；表示"昔日的辉煌"应为名词短语its former glory。结合句意可知，该句主句应为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故答案为：His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time return to its former glory.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时，结果状语从句。
55．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） 许多年过去了， 他才渐渐淡忘人生中那尴尬的一幕：在大庭广众之下， 他看到血晕倒了。(where)
【答案】Years had passed before he gradually forgot dial embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/Qjefbre a big crowd.
Il was many years before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd
【知识点】固定短语；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"许多年过去了"可翻译为Years had passed before或It was many years before；从句主语为he，表示"渐渐淡忘人生中那尴尬的一幕"翻译为gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life，后跟where引导的定语从句，表示"在大庭广众之下"翻译为in public或before a big crowd；表示"他看到血晕倒了"翻译以为he fainted at the sight of blood或at the sight of blood，为一般过去时。故答案为Years had passed before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd./It was many years before he gradually forgot that embarrassing episode in his life where he fainted at the sight of blood in public/before a big crowd
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及固定短语和时态。
八、Guided Writing
56．（2024高三上·杨浦模拟） Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions givenbelow in Chinese.
假设你是美国一所中学的学生 Sam， 最近你班要召开一次主题为"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"的班会。根据主题内容， 写一篇发言稿（所给材料可供参考）。
Here are the national statistics about bullying in the USA
. About 20% of students aged 12 - 18 experienced bullying nationwide.
. Students aged 12 - 18 who reported bullied said they thought those who bullied them:
-- had the ability to influence other students' perception of them (56%)
-- were physically stronger or larger (40%)
-- had more money (31%)
Word box:
bully v./n. 恐吓； 伤害； /恃强凌弱者
【答案】略
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以美国一所中学的学生Sam 的身份 写一篇发言稿 。写作背景：最近你班要召开一次主题为"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"的班会。写作所给材料已经给出，考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并结合提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 首先以第一人称引入主题，强调反对校园霸凌的重要性；接着引用相关统计数据，揭示校园霸凌的普遍性和严重性；然后分析霸凌行为背后的原因，探讨其本质和影响；在此基础上，提出具体的解决方案，强调社区的共同责任和创建安全空间的必要性；最后总结全文，再次强调反对霸凌、保护学生心理健康的重要性，并呼吁大家共同努力，创造一个无霸凌的未来。 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
材料翻译如下：
Here are the national statistics about bullying in the USA
以下是美国关于欺凌的全国统计数据
. About 20% of students aged 12 - 18 experienced bullying nationwide.
在全国范围内，大约20%的12-18岁的学生经历过欺凌。
. Students aged 12 - 18 who reported bullied said they thought those who bullied them:
12岁至18岁的学生报告说，他们认为欺负他们的人：
-- had the ability to influence other students' perception of them (56%)
--有能力影响其他学生对他们的看法（56%）
-- were physically stronger or larger (40%)
--身体更强壮或更大（40%）
-- had more money (31%)
--有更多的钱（31%）
【点评】这道作文题"不让霸凌成为青春的一道疤"非常具有现实意义和社会价值。它聚焦于校园霸凌这一普遍存在的社会问题，并鼓励学生从自身出发，思考如何解决这个问题。首先，题目具有很强的针对性和时效性。校园霸凌是一个全球性的问题，影响着许多学生的身心健康。通过这道题目，教师可以引导学生关注这一现象，深入思考其背后的原因和影响，培养学生的社会责任感和同理心。其次，题目要求学生以第一人称进行写作，这有助于增强学生的参与感和代入感。通过"Sam"这一角色的设定，学生可以更加真实地表达自己的观点和感受，使作文更具说服力和感染力。此外，题目还提供了丰富的材料供学生参考，包括关于校园霸凌的统计数据和一些可能的解决方案。这些材料为学生提供了写作的思路和灵感，有助于他们更加全面、深入地探讨这个问题。 本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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