资源简介 (共152张PPT)电子教案《对口升学 英语总复习》第一部分 基 础 知 识第九章 时态、语态和虚拟语气第3页,共152页考点 内容解读 近五年对口升学考试试题统计2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值各种时态的辨析 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、 T5 1 T13 1 T2 1 — — T3 1第4页,共152页考点 内容解读 近五年对口升学考试试题统计2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值各种时态的辨析 现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时和现在完成进行时的结构表达 T5 1 T13 1 T2 1 — — T3 1续表第5页,共152页考点 内容解读 近五年对口升学考试试题统计2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值主动语态和被动语态的结构表达 被动语态的一些特殊用法;少量情态动词的被动语态 T7 1 T3 1 T15 1 — — — —续表第6页,共152页考点 内容解读 近五年对口升学考试试题统计2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值时间与条件状语从句中谓语动词的用法 谓语动词时态的用法 — — — — — — T8 1 — —续表第7页,共152页考点 内容解读 近五年对口升学考试试题统计2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值 题号 分值虚拟语气 虚拟语气的用法 — — — — — — — — — —续表第8页,共152页【分析解读】从近几年对口升学考试统计来看,动词的时态及语态一直是考查的重点。在单项选择题中,时态常和语态结合在一起考查,书面表达的评分标准中对时态和语态的使用也有明确要求。预计在今后的对口升学考试的试题中,结合语境间的时态、语态、词汇类题目,及时态与语态辨析,不同时态与语态的不同表达,什么情况下遵循“主将从现”原则等仍是重点考查内容。第9页,共152页第10页,共152页2. 虚拟语气第11页,共152页一、动词的时态1.时态概述时态是一种语法范畴,用以表示行为、动作在不同时间里发生或存在的状态。它是“时”和“式”的组合。“时”表示动作或状态存在的时间,有现在、过去、将来和过去将来之分;“式”表示动作或状态的表现方式,有一般、进行、完成和完成进行之分。每一种“时”和“式”的结合就构成一种时态,所以英语动词有16种时态。第12页,共152页《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》只要求掌握常见的8种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。重点考查前5种。第13页,共152页2.各种时态的否定式(1)否定式一般为“系动词/助动词/情态动词+not”(2)一般现在时和一般过去时本身不含助动词,应借助助动词do、 does或did来构成否定式一般现在时的否定式为“主语+do/does+not+动词原形”;一般过去时的否定式为“主语+did+not+动词原形”。She does/did not understand. 她不明白。They do/did not understand. 他们不明白。第14页,共152页3.各种时态的疑问式(1)疑问式一般为“助动词+主语+其余部分”(2)与否定式一样,一般现在时和一般过去时本身不含助动词,所以要借助助动词do、does或did来构成疑问式一般现在时的疑问式为“Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他部分”;一般过去时的疑问式为“Did+主语+动词原形+其他部分”。Does/Did she understand 她明白吗?Do/Did they understand 他们明白吗?第15页,共152页4.各种时态的用法时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does 表示现状、性质、状态和经常发生的动作、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有often、usually、 as usual、sometimes、 every day、always、 once a week等 I usually go to bed at nine o'clock.我通常九点钟睡觉。She has two brothers.她有两个哥哥。第16页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does 表示目前的特征、性格、个性和能力等 She is a teacher.她是一名老师。He likes classical music.他喜欢古典音乐。表示永恒的真理、定理、定律、格言和客观事实 The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传得快。续表第17页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does here、there、up、 down、out、in、 often、off、away等词放在句首构成倒装句,表示现在正在进行的动作或状态 There comes the bus! Hurry up!快点!车来了!Here we are.我们到了。续表第18页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时 He will call you if he finishes his work.他完成了工作就会给你打电话。I'll begin the dictation when you are ready.你们准备好了我就开始听写。续表第19页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does 时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目、课程表等按计划、安排或者规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时,只限于go、arrive、leave、 start、stay、return、 begin、come、finish、 continue等动词 School begins on February 5th.学校于2月5日开学。The plane takes off at 15:05.飞机于15:05起飞。The meeting is at nine o'clock tomorrow morning.会议明天上午九点开始。续表第20页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般现在时 do/does 宣布、声明、报道某事或介绍书籍、电影、戏剧、比赛等情节时 Now we begin to study Lesson 3.现在我们开始学第3课。John passes the ball to Tom. Tom takes it forward. Oh, he shoots.约翰把球传给汤姆,汤姆往前带球。噢,他射门了。续表第21页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般过去时 did 表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有ago、 yesterday、two days ago、last week、in 2021、the day before yesterday、the other day、just now、once upon a time、when等 Lei Feng did a lot of good deeds for others in his life.雷锋在他一生中为别人做了很多好事。Once upon a time, there lived an old man called Jack in the small village.从前有一个叫杰克的老人住在这个小村子里。续表第22页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般过去时 did 表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有ago、 yesterday、two days ago、last week、in 2021、the day before yesterday、the other day、just now、once upon a time、when等 Last month I bought a new computer.上个月我买了一台新电脑。The man went to the town, bought some fruit and visited his old friends.那个人进城了,买了一些水果,拜访了他的老朋友。续表第23页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般过去时 did 表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常用时间状语有every day、 often、 never、 always等。 也可以用used to或“would+动词原形”来表达 Their children often went hungry in the old days.在旧社会,他们的孩子经常挨饿。When I was in the country, I often went swimming in a river near my house.在乡下的时候,我经常在家附近的河里游泳。续表第24页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般过去时 did 表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常用时间状语有every day、 often、never、always等。 也可以用used to或“would+动词原形”来表达 He used to smoke. 他过去经常抽烟。Whenever he had a chance, our teacher would have a talk with us.我们老师一有机会就和我们谈心。续表第25页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般将来时 will/shall do 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow、later、 soon、from now on、next time、next year、in a day or two、in a few weeks等连用 I shall be twenty years old next year.明年我就二十岁了。The train will arrive soon.火车要到了。You will feel better if you take the medicine.你服了药就会感觉好多了。续表第26页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般将来时 am/is/ are going to do 多用于口语中的所有人称,含有“计划、打算、准备、即将做某事”的意思 Mr. Green is going to buy a new car.格林先生打算买一辆新车。There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight.今晚我们学校将有一场精彩的电影。续表第27页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句一般将来时 am/is/are to do 表示“约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要发生或命令做某事” We are to take care of all these children.我们必须照看这些孩子。The door is not to be opened.不准打开这扇门。am/is/are about to do 表示“正要做某事,即将做某事”,不可与表示具体的将来时间副词连用 The meeting is about to begin.会议就要开始了。He is about to start on a journey.他快要去旅行了。续表第28页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在进行时 am/is/are doing 表示说话时或某个时间点、时间段正在进行或发生的动作 Look! How fast he is running!看!他跑得多么快!They are planting trees these days.这段时间他们在植树。He is translating a book.他正在翻译一本书。续表第29页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在进行时 am/is/are doing be always doing、 be forever doing、 be continually doing、 be constantly doing等,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,也可以用来表示说话人的某种感情,如厌烦、不满、批评或赞美 He is always considering how he can do more for others.他总是在考虑怎样为他人多做事。Some people are always talking about others' business.一些人总是谈论他人的事情。My wife is forever criticizing me.我的妻子老是批评我。续表第30页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在进行时 am/is/are doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。 常用动词有arrive、 come、go、leave、 stay、start等(表示将来的意义) We are starting for Shanghai tonight.我们今晚出发去上海。The train is arriving soon.火车就要到了。续表第31页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在进行时 am/is/are doing 进行时态的特殊用法:表示“渐渐……” He is beginning to understand that he did wrong to his elder sister.他渐渐开始明白他冤枉了姐姐。Our motherland is becoming stronger and richer.我们的祖国越来越强盛。续表第32页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去进行时 was/were doing 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或状态。 常用时间状语有at this time、at that time、at that moment、at ten o'clock、yesterday evening等 At that time, they were working in a factory.那时他们正在工厂上班。What were you doing at seven o'clock yesterday evening 昨天晚上七点你们正在做什么?We were watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我们正在看电视。续表第33页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去进行时 was/were doing when可表示一个短暂的时间点,引导的从句用一般过去时;也可表示一段持续的时间,从句用过去进行时。while可表示一段持续的时间,引导的从句用过去进行时 While my father was reading newspapers, my mother was doing some sewing.爸爸读报时,妈妈在缝衣服。I was writing a letter when he came in.他进来时我正在写信。续表第34页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去进行时 was/were doing 用过去进行时表示过去某一动作延续较长时间 They were having a meeting from 2:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2点到4点他们在开会。He was coughing the whole night.整个晚上他一直咳嗽。续表第35页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成时 have/has done 表示动作在说话之前已经完成,过去某时的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recently、already、 ever、never、yet、 just、once、before等副词连用 I have already read the novel.我已经读了这篇小说。The teacher has gone to the classroom.老师已经去了教室。I have cleaned the office.我已经打扫了办公室。I haven't seen much of him recently.我最近没怎么见到他。续表第36页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成时 have/has done 表示动作过去已经开始,一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去。常常与for、since等表示一段时间的状语连用,或与so far、now、this week/month/year等表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 He has taught French for 5 years.他已经教了5年的法语。We have lived in Wuhan since 1994.自从1994年以来,我们就住在武汉。续表第37页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成时 have/has done 表示动作过去已经开始,一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去。常常与for、since等表示一段时间的状语连用,或与so far、 now、this week/month/year等表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 Uncle Wang has worked in the factory for over 6 years.王叔叔已经在这个工厂工作6年多了。It's the first time that he has arrived late this week.这周他是第一次迟到。续表第38页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成时 have/has done 现在完成时态还可以和already(已经)、 never(从来不)、 ever(曾经)、just(刚刚,刚才)、 before(以前)、 yet(已经)等不明确指出时间的副词连用 Have you ever read the book?你曾经读过这本书吗?I've just lost my science book.我刚刚丢了我的科学书。I've never seen him before.我从来没有见过他。I haven't been to the Great Wall yet.我还没有去过长城。续表第39页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去完成时 had done 宾语从句中如果主句用过去时,而从句的谓语动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前,则从句要用过去完成时 He told me he had read the book three days before.他告诉我他三天前就已读完这本书了。He said he had borrowed an English book for you.他说他已经借了一本英语书给你。续表第40页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去完成时 had done 与by、before等引导的时间状语连用 By three o'clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.昨天下午三点钟前我们已经完成了工作。I had mastered 3,000 English words before I entered the university.在进入大学之前,我已经掌握了3 000个英语单词。续表第41页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去完成时 had done 用于when、 before、after、 until等引导的状语从句中 The train had already left when I got to the station.我赶到火车站时,火车已经开走了。How long had Mr. Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王老师来这里之前,在中学教了多长时间?She had visited China twice before she came this year.她今年来之前来过中国两次。续表第42页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去完成时 had done scarcely...when...、hardly...when...、 no sooner...than...引导句子时, scarcely、 hardly、 no sooner等所处的主句用过去完成时,而引导的从句用一般过去时 He had scarcely sat down when the light went out.他刚一坐下,灯就突然灭了。No sooner had we got home than it began to rain.我们刚到家天就开始下雨了。续表第43页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去完成时 had done 在很多情况下,没有明显的时间状语时,就只能通过上下文来推测 I lost the book which I had borrowed from the library.我弄丢了从图书馆里借的那本书。He thought he had seen the film.他认为他曾经看过那部电影。第44页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去将来时 should do 表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情和状况,主要用于宾语从句中 He said he should give the book to me the next week.他说下周他将书还给我。She said she shouldn't borrow money for him.她说她不会为他借钱。would do 表示过去习惯性的动作,所有人称都用would Every evening after supper, he would go out for a walk along the bank of the river.每天晚饭后,他都要沿着河岸散步。续表第45页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句过去将来时 was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do 主要强调过去曾经打算或计划要做某事 He said he was going to buy a new bike.他说他打算买一辆新自行车。He said he was to finish the work in a week.他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去的时候电话铃响了。续表第46页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成 进行时 have/has been doing 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,且有可能延续到将来 Mr. Zhang has been teaching Chemistry for 12 years.张老师教化学已经12年了。We have been waiting for the bus for half an hour, but it has not come yet.我们等了半个小时的车,但它还没有来。续表第47页,共152页时态 构成 (以do为例) 基本用法 例句现在完成 进行时 have/has been doing 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,且有可能延续到将来 It has been snowing for two days, and the roads will be blocked soon if it doesn't stop.雪已经下了两天了,如果还不停的话,公路不久将会被封锁。—Why are you crying 你为什么哭?—Because I have been cutting up onions.因为我一直在切洋葱。续表第48页,共152页注:(1)现在完成时态①在延续性时间作状语的肯定句中,现在完成时态的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词有come、go、stop、 join、die、become、arrive、reach、begin、start、leave、receive、 buy、borrow、put、open、fall、get up、close等,它们的完成时不能与for、since等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用,但其否定式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,因为动词的否定式可以表示状态,而状态是可以延续的。第49页,共152页I haven't got his letters for six months. 我有六个月没有收到他的来信了。He hasn't returned since 2010. 他自2010年以来就没有回来过。第50页,共152页②但这些短暂性动词变成延续性动词就可以与for、 since 连用,如die→be dead、begin→be on、come→be in/at、leave→be away (from)、join→be in、borrow/buy→keep/have等。他已去世几个月了。He has died for several months.(×)He has been dead for several months.(√)第51页,共152页他入党有5年了。He has been in the Party for 5 years.(√)=He has been a Party member for 5 years.(√)=It is 5 years since he joined the Party.(√)第52页,共152页a. have/has been to去过……(简记为“人去已归”);have/has gone to到……去了(简记为“人去未归”);have/has been in来/到/在某地多长时间。Have you ever been to Xi'an 你去过西安吗?He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。He has been in Beijing for three years. 他已经在北京待了三年。第53页,共152页b. “It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去时态的句子”表示“自从……以来已经多长时间了”。It's five years since he smoked. 他吸烟有五年了。It's five years since he left. 他离开有五年了。c. 强调到现在为止的次数情况用现在完成时表达。My uncle has been to the UK many times. 我的叔叔去过英国多次。This is the first time she has tasted such delicious food.这是她第一次品尝到如此美味的食物。第54页,共152页d. 比较:现在完成时是把过去的动作或者状态和现在联系起来,着眼于现在;而一般过去时只着眼于过去的动作或者状态本身,并不和现在的意义产生联系,只能和表示过去的时间状语连用。He has lost his English book. He is very worried now.他丢失了他的英语书,他现在很着急。He lost his English book yesterday. 他昨天弄丢了他的英语书。第55页,共152页(2)一般将来时态be going to和will的含义和用法略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算,或者有某种迹象要发生某事;will多表示意愿、决心、许诺、命令以及不以人的意志为转移会发生某事。主语是第一人称时,常用shall。Look at the black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain heavily.快看空中的乌云,要下大雨了。I will be 18 years old next year. 明年我18岁。Shall I close the window 我可以关窗户吗?第56页,共152页二、动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中,动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。第57页,共152页被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,因此所有的被动语态中的动词都必须是及物动词,而不及物动词不能用于被动语态。中职英语主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时三种时态的被动语态及部分情态动词的被动语态。第58页,共152页1.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be有时态、人称和数的变化。时态 被动语态构成 (以do为例) 例句一般现在时 am/is/are done Our teachers are respected by us.我们都很尊重我们的老师们。一般过去时 was/were done The bicycle was borrowed by Lucy yesterday.昨天自行车被露西借走了。第59页,共152页时态 被动语态构成 (以do为例) 例句现在进行时 am/is/are being done Two parks are being built.两个公园正在被修建。过去进行时 was/were being done The flowers were being watered by her at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候她正在浇这些花。第60页,共152页时态 被动语态构成 (以do为例) 例句现在完成时 have/has been done They really have been poorly paid.他们的工资真的很低。过去完成时 had been done By the time the tornado ended , more than 700 people had been killed.等龙卷风过后,700 多人遇难了。第61页,共152页时态 被动语态构成 (以do为例) 例句一般将来时 will/shall be done is to be done is about to be done is going to be done The meeting is to be put off till Friday.会议被推迟到星期五举行。过去将来时 would/should be done Last Sunday this project should be finished, but it wouldn't.这个项目应在上周日完成,但是没有。第62页,共152页注:①情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done。The books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书应该可以借两周。②谈到未曾想到的事故发生时或有in the end、 at last等状语时,可用get done表被动。常用的有get hurt(受伤)、get lost(迷路)、get killed(被杀害)、get broken(弄坏)等。如:In the end, he got caught. 最后他被抓住了。第63页,共152页2.被动语态的几种特殊形式情形 例句感官动词或使役动词变被动,还原to(感官动词或使役动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用,变被动语态时,还原to) We make the boy stand outside.(主动)=The boy was made to stand outside by us.(被动)我们让那个男孩站在外面。双宾语结构句子(双宾语结构的主动语态变被动语态,可以将直接宾语变被动,在间接宾语前加to或for,也可以将间接宾语变被动) They gave me a book.(主动)=A book was given to me by them.(被动)=I was given a book by them.(被动)他们给了我一本书。第64页,共152页情形 例句动词短语变被动,保留介词和副词 She often refers to this factory.(主动)=This factory is often referred to by her.(被动)她常常提到这个工厂。The boy picked up those flowers.(主动)=Those flowers were picked up by the boy.(被动)男孩捡起了那些花。续表第65页,共152页情形 例句谓语动词say、consider、think、 report、suggest、hope、know、 believe等变被动语态时,被动语态有两种形式: (1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语; (2)it作形式主语的句子 It is said that...据说……It is thought that...据认为……It is considered that...据认为……It is hoped that...希望……It is reported that...据报道……It is suggested that...据建议……It is well known that...众所周知……续表第66页,共152页情形 例句谓语动词say、consider、think、 report、suggest、hope、 know、 believe等变被动语态时,被动语态有两种形式: (1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语; (2)it作形式主语的句子 It is believed that...有人相信……It is known that football is a popular sport.众所周知,足球是一项流行的运动。People say she is a great woman.(主动)=It is said that she is a great woman.(被动)=She is said to be a great woman.(被动)人们说她是一个伟大的妇女。续表第67页,共152页3.无被动语态的情况情形 例词 例句一些不及物动词及短语 happen(发生)、 appear(出现)、last(延长)、 cost(花费)、burst out(迸发)、 let(让,使)、 break out(爆发) The war broke out in 1937.战争爆发于1937年。The meeting lasted for two hours.会议持续了两小时。The coat cost me 120 yuan.这件外套花了我120元。第68页,共152页情形 例词 例句一些及物动词及短语 fit(合身)、 have(有)、 hold(容纳)、 own(拥有)、take place(发生)、agree with(同意)、arrive at/in(到达)、succeed in(成功)、suffer from(遭受)、belong to(属于) The key just fit the lock.这把钥匙正好适合这把锁。Your story agrees with what has already been heard.你的故事与听到的一致。The story took place in this city.这个故事发生在这座城市。续表第69页,共152页情形 例词 例句系动词 taste(尝起来)、 feel(感到)、 look(看起来)、 sound(听起来) Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。The man looks sad.那个人看起来很难过。His idea sounds very great.他的主意听起来很棒。续表第70页,共152页4.主动表被动的情况情形 例词 例句表被动意义的动词 be stuck, be blocked, be caught The bus was stuck in the snow yesterday.昨天公共汽车被困在雪中了。The road was blocked. 公路被封锁了。The man was caught in the storm.那人被困在暴风雨中。第71页,共152页情形 例词 例句系动词 look, smell, taste,sound, feel Your theory sounds quite reasonable.你的理论听起来很合理。need/want/require doing =need/want/require to be done need, want, require,deserve The window wants/requires repairing.窗户需要(被)修补了。The old and the children need looking after.老人和孩子需要(被)照顾。续表第72页,共152页情形 例词 例句性质形容词+动词不定式 difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, heavy, dangerous Physics is hard to learn.物理很难学。The problem is easy to work out.这个问题很容易解决。The question asked by him is hard to answer.他问的问题很难回答。续表第73页,共152页情形 例词 例句常与否定词或副词well、 easily、 badly连用的动词 read, write, sell, open, close, lock, cook, clean These newspapers sell well.这些报纸卖得很好。The ball pen writes well.这支圆珠笔好写。续表第74页,共152页情形 例词 例句表起止、变化的动词 begin, start, end, finish, change, improve, spread, turn into, turn off, work out Our life is being improved continuously.我们的生活在不断地改善。The news has spread all over the city.消息传遍了全城。一些固定动词短语 be worth doing The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。This classic movie is worth seeing twice.这部经典影片值得再看一次。续表第75页,共152页三、虚拟语气1.基本结构(1)对现在的虚拟:If+主语+did(were),主语+should/might/would/could+do(2)对过去的虚拟:If+主语+had done,主语+should/might/would/could+have done第76页,共152页(3)对将来的虚拟:If+主语+should do,主语+should/might/would/could+doIf I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.如果我是你,我会抓住出国的机会。If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.如果你采取了我的建议,你就不会在考试中失败。第77页,共152页2.if省略句和虚拟条件句的区别类型 情形 例句if省略句 在条件句中可省略if,把were(对现在的虚拟)、had(对过去的虚拟)、should(对将来的虚拟)提到句首,变为倒装句式 ①If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.第78页,共152页类型 情形 例句if省略句 在条件句中可省略if,把were(对现在的虚拟)、had(对过去的虚拟)、should(对将来的虚拟)提到句首,变为倒装句式 ②If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.续表第79页,共152页类型 情形 例句if引导的虚拟条件句的省略 用介词短语代替if引导的虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with、 without=but for(对过去的虚拟) Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.续表第80页,共152页3.if引导的虚拟条件句和条件状语从句的区别(1)虚拟条件句第81页,共152页(2)条件状语从句第82页,共152页4. if引导的虚拟条件句中动词的时间基调第83页,共152页5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1)坚持主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中should通常可以省略。He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。第84页,共152页(2)命令主要是指order、command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,should 有时候可以省略。He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。The officer ordered that the soldier (should) be taken to hospital at once.这个长官命令这个士兵必须马上被送去医治。第85页,共152页(3)建议主要是指advise、suggest、propose、recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,should 有时候可以省略。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。His brother advised that he change his job. 他哥哥劝他换工作。第86页,共152页注:动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。第87页,共152页He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。第88页,共152页(4)要求主要是指ask、demand、require、request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should通常可以省略。He requires that I (should) drive. 他要求我开车。I demand that you (should) go there at once. 我要求你立即到那里去。第89页,共152页(5)希望主要是指动词desire、intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should通常可以省略。I desires that you do it. 我希望你做此事。They intended that the project (should) be shut down. 他们打算停止这个项目。第90页,共152页( )1. (2018年对口升学考试试题)The house ________ to a young couple last week.A. was selling B. is sold C. was sold D. has sold【点拨】 本题考查时态和语态。句意:“这座房子上周被卖给了一对年轻夫妇。”根据句意和时间状语可知要用一般过去时的被动语态。C123456第91页,共152页( )2. (2019年对口升学考试试题)A national park ________ here in 1952.A. was created B. has created C. created D. is created【点拨】 本题考查时态和语态。主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,且有时间状语in 1952,故用一般过去时的被动语态。A123456第92页,共152页( )3. (2019年对口升学考试试题)Hurry up! Our train ________ in ten minutes.A. is left B. is leaving C. has left D. left【点拨】 本题考查时态。题干中有时间状语in ten minutes,用一般现在时表将来。B123456第93页,共152页( )4. (2020年对口升学考试试题)Oprah ________ her television career when she was 17.A. began B. begins C. has begun D. is beginning【点拨】 句意:“奥普拉在她17岁时开始了她的电视生涯。”根据“when she was 17”可知主句要用一般过去时态。A123456第94页,共152页( )5. (2020年对口升学考试试题)He was made ________ for more than two hours in her office.A. waited B. waits C. wait D. to wait【点拨】 句意:“他被迫在她的办公室里等了两个多小时。”使役动词make的被动语态要还原to,即sb. be made to do sth.。D123456第95页,共152页( )6. (2021年对口升学考试试题)If you don't hurry, you ________ your train.A. miss B. missed C. will miss D. have missed【点拨】 条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,即遵循“主将从现”。C123456第96页,共152页考点1 时态( )1. ________ you ________ the film before Where ________ you ________ it A. Have; seen; did; see B. Did; see; did; watchC. Have; seen; have; seen D. Did; see; have; seen【解析】 句意:“你以前看过这部电影吗?你在哪儿看的?”根据句意和时间状语before可知第一个问句要用现在完成时;根据句意可知第二个问句用一般过去时。A12345678910111213第97页,共152页( )2. —Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor —Of course. What is it —I ________ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A. had wondered B. was wonderingC. would wonder D. did wonder【解析】 本题用过去进行时态表示委婉的语气。B12345678910111213第98页,共152页( )3. ________ six years since I began studying English.A. It will be B. It isC. It was D. There are【解析】 本题考查句型“It is+一段时间+since从句”。B12345678910111213第99页,共152页( )4. I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blame D. should blame【解析】 本题考查固定搭配。sb. be to blame某人应受责备,该结构用主动语态表示被动含义。blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人。句意:“你的丈夫应该为被宠坏的孩子受到责备。”A12345678910111213第100页,共152页( )5. My brother ________ Chengdu for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. went【解析】 句意:“我弟弟来成都三年多了。” for over three years是现在完成时的时间状语。C12345678910111213第101页,共152页( )6. —Is this raincoat yours —No, mine ________ there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hang C. hangs D. hangC12345678910111213第102页,共152页【解析】 本题考查动词hang的用法。动词hang有两层含义,hang表示“悬挂”时,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词为hung和hung,没有被动语态,不用于进行时态;hang表示“绞死”时,是规则动词,其过去式过去分词为hanged和hanged。句意:“——这个雨衣是你的吗?——不,我的挂在那边的门后面。”12345678910111213第103页,共152页( )7. She ________ the door before she went away.A. locked B. is locking C. had locked D. was locking【解析】 句意:“她离开之前锁了门。”根据句意及went away可知主句要用过去完成时。C12345678910111213第104页,共152页考点2 被动语态( )8. The fish ________ nice.A. smells B. is tastedC. was smelt D. has been smelt【解析】 smell、 taste都是连系动词,无被动语态。A12345678910111213第105页,共152页( )9. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked【解析】 使役动词make的被动语态要还原to, 即sb. be made to do sth.。B12345678910111213第106页,共152页( )10. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustn't keepC. must be kept D. mustn't be kept【解析】 含情态动词的被动语态为“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”。C12345678910111213第107页,共152页考点3 虚拟语气( )11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed【解析】 could have done表示对过去的虚拟。C12345678910111213第108页,共152页( )12. If he were to do this exercise, he ________ it in his own way.A. will do B. would do C. did D. is going to do【解析】 表示与将来事实相反的假设时,从句的谓语动词用were to do, 主句用would do。B12345678910111213第109页,共152页( )13. The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't【解析】 recommend后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。D12345678910111213第110页,共152页【解析】 句意:“我看见玛丽时,她正在弹钢琴。”根据句意可知主句要用过去进行时。23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940( )1. When I saw Mary, she ________ the piano.A. is playing B. playsC. was playing D. playedC第111页,共152页【解析】 根据句意以及ago可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。( )2. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong of China 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sentC. has sent D. has been sentB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第112页,共152页【解析】 only to do表示意想不到的结果,引导的是一个结果状语,根据句意和语境可知空格处应用过去完成时的被动语态。( )3. A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it ________.A. to be broken B. had broken intoC. was broken D. had been broken intoD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第113页,共152页【解析】 always、 often等表示频繁发生的副词与一般现在时连用表示经常或反复发生的事情。A storm is often followed by a calm. 平静总是跟在暴风雨之后。( )4. A storm ________ by a calm.A. often followed B. was often followedC. is often followed D. has often been followedC23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第114页,共152页( )5. Helen ________ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.A. had left; came B. has left; comesC. left; had come D. had left; would comeA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第115页,共152页【解析】 本题考查动词时态。句意:“海伦把钥匙落在办公室了,所以她得等自己的丈夫回家。”根据主句和从句中两个动词的先后顺序可以判断,丢钥匙在前,回家在后,本题的主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第116页,共152页【解析】 come、 go等词用现在进行时表将来。1530( )6. My uncle ________ to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. cameB2345678910111213141171819202122232425262728291631323334353637383940第117页,共152页【解析】 根据yet可知第一个空用现在完成时,根据ago可知第二个空用一般过去时。( )7. —________ you ________ the text yet —Yes, we ________ it two hours ago.A. Did; copy; did B. Have; copied; have doneC. Have; copied; did D. Did; copy; hadC23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第118页,共152页【解析】 根据时间状语several days ago可知要用一般过去时。1530( )8. —Has he seen this film —Yes. He ________ it several days ago.A. saw B. has seenC. had seen D. was seeingA2345678910111213141171819202122232425262728291631323334353637383940第119页,共152页【解析】 have/has gone to去了某地(还没回来);have/has been to去过某地(已经回来了);in a few minutes 几分钟后,常用于将来时态中。( )9. Now Mike isn't here. He ________ Mr. Green's. Perhaps he ________ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has comeB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第120页,共152页【解析】 根据句意可知要用现在完成进行时。( )10. I haven't finished my composition. I ________ it for two hours and a half.A. have written B. have been writingC. wrote D. am writingB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第121页,共152页【解析】 本题考查固定句型。be expected to do sth. 意为“(某人被)希望做某事”。( )11. When she turned professional at the age of 9, she ________ to become a world champion by her coach and parents.A. expected B. was expectingC. was expected D. would be expectedC23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第122页,共152页【解析】 “for+时间段”和“since+过去的时间点”都是现在完成时的时间状语。( )12. You ________ me waiting for two hours. I ________ for you since five o'clock.A. kept; waited B. have kept; waitedC. kept; have waited D. have kept; have waitedD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第123页,共152页( )13. It was the third time that the old lady ________ by her daughter in law.A. being badly treated B. was badly treatedC. had been badly treated D. has been badly treatC23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第124页,共152页【解析】 本题考查被动语态。句意:“这已经是第三次,这个老奶奶被她的继女虐待了。”主句用了一般过去时,根据句意和语境,后面的从句用过去完成时态的被动语态。23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第125页,共152页【解析】 句意:“这支钢笔写起来很好。”write的主动形式可表示被动含义。( )14. The pen ________ well.A. writes B. is writtenC. was written D. writingA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第126页,共152页【解析】 since引导时间状语从句时,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。( )15. I ________ here since I moved here.A. will work B. workedC. work D. have been workingD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第127页,共152页【解析】 含情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+done”。( )16. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed inC. handed in D. be handing inB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第128页,共152页【解析】 句意:“据说他的父亲去世了。”根据句意可知用过去完成时。( )17. It was said that his father ________.A. has died B. diedC. has been dead D. had diedD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第129页,共152页【解析】 本题考查将来完成时的被动语态。( )18. The construction of the laboratory ________ by the end of next month.A. must be completed B. must have been completedC. will be completing D. will have been completedD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第130页,共152页【解析】 一些及物动词也可以充当不及物动词,表示某一种状态,不能用被动语态。( )19. —This cloth ________ well and ________ long.—OK. I'll take it.A. washes; lasts B. is washed; lastedC. washes; is lasted D. is washing; lastingA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第131页,共152页【解析】 take place发生,无被动语态,根据时间状语可知本句应用现在完成时。( )20. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken placeA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第132页,共152页【解析】 主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。( )21. Our teacher ________ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listenedA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第133页,共152页【解析】 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。( )22. Did you see the house that ________ by fire last year A. was destroying B. destroyedC. would destroy D. was destroyedD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第134页,共152页【解析】 句意:“他小心仔细地擦拭眼镜,以免眼镜被弄坏了。”根据句意和语境,本题应使用过去将来时的被动语态。( )23. He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ________.A. was damage B. should be damagedC. damaged D. would be damagedD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第135页,共152页【解析】 根据句意可知第一空用一般过去时,第二空用现在完成时。( )24. —Where ________ the recorder I can't see it anywhere.—I ________ it right here. But now it's gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have putA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第136页,共152页【解析】 根据句意可知要用一般将来时的被动语态。( )25. An exhibition of paintings ________ at the museum next week.A. would be held B. will be heldC. are holding D. will holdB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第137页,共152页【解析】 根据句意可知要用现在进行时的被动语态。( )26. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It ________ in the factory.A. is being repaired B. is repairedC. has been repaired D. hasn't repairedA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第138页,共152页【解析】 表示过去某段时间正在发生或进行的动作要用过去进行时。( )27. —Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen —Sorry, mum. I don't know. I ________ outside.A. play B. was playingC. have played D. am playingB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第139页,共152页【解析】 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。( )28. When the baby dog ________, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food.A. is found B. was foundC. has been found D. will be foundB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第140页,共152页【解析】 本题考查need to do sth.和have sth. done。( )29. —I can't see the words on the blackboard.—Perhaps you need ________.A. to examine to your eyes B. to have your eyes examinedC. to have examined your eyes D. your eyes to be examinedB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第141页,共152页【解析】 there be句型中不可以用have/has代替be,时间状语tomorrow afternoon表明应用一般将来时。( )30. There ________ a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.A. are B. is going to haveC. will have D. is going to beD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第142页,共152页【解析】 主语与谓语动词是被动关系,应用被动语态;时间状语now提示用现在进行时。( )31. Where to build the bridge ________ now.A. is discussing B. is being discussedC. has been discussed D. will discussB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第143页,共152页【解析】 根据句意和语境本题应使用将来时态。( )32. —Where are you going —To send for a carpenter, my door ________.A. won't be closed B. won't closeC. isn't close D. wasn't closeB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第144页,共152页【解析】 “since从句+一段时间+ago”是现在完成时的标志。( )33. Great changes ________ in my high school since I left three years ago.A. took place B. have taken placeC. will take place D. takes placeB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第145页,共152页【解析】 根据“Please be quiet”可知是听不清老师正在说的话,所以用现在进行时态。( )34. Please be quiet! I can't hear what the teacher ________.A. is saying B. has saidC. said D. saysA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第146页,共152页【解析】 在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,即遵循“主将从现”。I和give是被动关系,因此要用被动语态。( )35. —Have you finished your project —Not yet. I'll finish it if I ________ ten more minutes.A. give B. am givenC. will give D. will be givenB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第147页,共152页【解析】 be made by hand由手工制作。feel是连系动词,后接形容词作表语,连系动词一般不用于被动语态。句意:“这双鞋是手工制作的,感觉起来特别舒服。”( )36. This pair of shoes ________ hand, and it ________ very comfortable.A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is feltC. are made of; fells D. is made by; feelsD23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第148页,共152页【解析】 if only常常用来表示强烈的愿望,表达对过去情况的虚拟时,用“if only+主语+would/could have/had+动词的过去分词”。( )37. She didn't pass the exam again. If only she ________ her parent's advice.A. follow B. would followC. had followed D. have followedC23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第149页,共152页【解析】 本题考查时态。根据句意可知“这支钢笔不属于我”,应用一般现在时。( )38. The pen ________ me. It is hers.A. isn't belong to B. was belong toC. doesn't belong to D. didn't belong toC第九章 时态、语态和虚拟语气23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第150页,共152页【解析】 根据题意可知第一空用过去进行时,第二空用一般过去时。( )39. I ________ a meal when you ________ me.A. cooked; were ringing B. was cooking; rangC. was cooking; were ringing D. cooked; rangB23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940第151页,共152页【解析】 根据前句句意“哥哥没有告诉我他什么时候来”可知第一空应用一般将来时,后句为immediately引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则。( )40. My brother doesn't tell me when he ________. I'll call you immediately he ________.A. will come; comes B. will come; will comeC. comes; will come D. comes; comesA23456789101112131415117181920212223242526272829301631323334353637383940Thank you! 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览