资源简介

绝密★启用前
2024年高考模拟检测卷02
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to know
A．How to make dessert. B．How to solve problems. C．How to understand expressions.
2．What are the speakers talking about
A．A disease. B．A co-worker. C．A doctor.
3．When does the conversation take place
A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday.
4．What is the man doing
A．Teaching the woman to play golf.
B．Watching a golf game.
C．Doing some exercise.
5．How is Facebook in the man’s opinion
A．It’s safe to use.
B．Facebook friends are reliable.
C．It can waste your time.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What does the man say about foxes
A．They are dangerous. B．They also eat plants. C．They look pretty and small.
7．How long do average worker ants sleep every day
A．8 hours. B．4-5hours. C．48 minutes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Why doesn’t the woman want to go to the Cat House
A．The food is expensive. B．It’s noisy. C．Many cats are there.
9．What impressed the man most about the Lotus restaurant
A．Its French food. B．Its modern decoration. C．Its live band.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
10．What’s the relationship between the speakers
A．Husband and wife.
B．Brother and sister.
C．Customer and shop assistant.
11．What do we know about the man
A．He is very poor.
B．He hates shopping.
C．He often comes to the store.
12．Which dress does the woman like
A．The red one. B．The blue one. C．The white one.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13．How does the woman want to pay
A．In cash. B．By credit card. C．With her smartphone.
14．What does the man think of PayPal
A．It is free. B．It is popular. C．It isn’t very fast.
15．Where is Venmo accepted
A．At many small shops. B．At most large stores. C．At a lot of restaurants.
16．What does the woman offer to do for the man
A．Download the app. B．Send him an invitation. C．Lend him some money.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．What has Barty decided to do at age 25
A．Retire from tennis. B．Go to college. C．Enter a new contest.
18．Who is Casey Dellacqua
A．Barty’s main opponent. B．Barty’s personal trainer. C．Barty’s former partner.
19．How old was Barty when she became a professional tennis player
A．12. B．14. C．16.
20．Which match did Barty win in 2022
A．British Open. B．French Open. C．Australian Open.
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
College Podcast (播客) Challenge Open for Entries
The College Podcast Challenge is back for its third year, in the fall. Entries will open on Sept. 1, 2023 and close at the end of the year on Dec. 31, 2023 to give students the entire fall academic term. And, as with last year’s, the college con test will award a $5,000 grand prize scholarship and $500 prizes to finalists.
One big change this year: the college con test will be open to students of all ages doing an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, as well as those who are set to graduate in 2023. College podcasters can enter your own work, without going through your school or professor, as long as you’re 18 years or older.
For the college con test this year, our basic guidelines remain pretty much the same: students can create a podcast about any topic they wish to explore. Some themes we’ve seen over and over include questions on identity and how young people fit in. Your podcast can also be in many different formats: an interview, narrative (叙述的) story or even investigative reporting. You can do it by yourself or with your entire class.
One important rule to keep in mind is that the maximum length of your podcast is eight minutes, and longer entries will be disqualified.
For more tips, advice and the latest updates on this year’s contest, make sure to sign up for our newsletter. We can’t wait to hear your stories!
21．When can you submit your entry
A．In January. B．In February. C．In August. D．In November.
22．What is special about this year’s contest
A．It is open to all college students. B．Its participants under 18 are qualified.
C．It requires your school’s approval. D．Its basic guidelines have changed a lot.
23．Which is a must concerning your podcast
A．It should present an inspiring people. B．It focuses on young people’s life.
C．It is eight minutes at most in length. D．It is created by your entire class.
B
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lays, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life —and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told : “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
24．What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags
A．To give them away to her.
B．To turn them into sleeping bags.
C．To throw them into the trash.
D．To donate them to the homeless directly.
25．Which of the following is true about the sleeping bags
A．They can be made with ease.
B．They can be different in size.
C．They are far from overweight.
D．They are made by machines in the workshop.
26．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.
B．Poverty results from environmental problems.
C．Oleita’s project made 110 sleeping bags per month.
D．The aim of the project is more than social issues.
27．Which words can best describe Oleita
A．Responsible and creative.
B．Talented and social.
C．Hardworking and loyal.
D．Selfless and modest.
C
Clockmaking is a traditional technology which involves the building and repair of clocks. But it is now on the red list drawn up by the Heritage Crafts Association (HCA), which has warned more specialists are retiring than entering the profession.
David Poole, a former master of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, said, “Although there used to be clockmakers on the street, a clock repair shop is a rare sight today.” Waiting lists will just grow, and people will find it extremely difficult to identify anyone to repair their clocks. There are only about 250 makers and repairers left across Britain, according to HCA’s research.
When specialists are approaching retirement, they often cannot afford to take on apprentices (学徒) as happened in the past. Besides, it is feared that the few training courses that have survived will not fill the gap.
Howard Walwyn, a leading dealer in Kensington, warned that, if expertise in repairing is lost, clocks will become lifeless objects rather than living things, adding, “Most clockmakers have fiddled with clocks as kids, taking them apart, and trying to get them to work. The problem is that young kids now are spending all their time in front of screens. I’ve got some younger clockmakers, but they’re few and far between.”
“There are also concerns that too many clockmakers are prepared to use modern mechanical solutions to make a clock work, even if those solutions are aesthetically (审美地) wrong,” said Jonathan Betts, an adviser to the National Trust. He added, “Museum collections and more sensitive private collectors would much rather not have a clock cleaned so it looks brand new, but an awful lot of restorers reject that. “Mr Poole, who became a clockmaker in the 1990s, said, “There are few people coming into the business. Most people who are in it are edging towards retirement, so am I. If people aren’t skilled, all those lovely things won’t be looked after properly.”
28．What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 2
A．Clockmakers are in great need.
B．The clockmaking industry is declining.
C．Clock repair shops are common.
D．It is rare for people to repair their clocks.
29．What did the specialists traditionally do near retirement
A．They compared with apprentices. B．They took the training course.
C．They collected some clocks. D．They employed apprentices.
30．What does the underlined word “fiddled” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Begun. B．Argued. C．Played. D．Broken.
31．What is Jonathan Betts’ concern
A．Many repairers adopt modern methods in clockmaking.
B．Many restorers are incapable of fixing mechanical clocks.
C．Private collectors show no interest in traditional techniques.
D．Museums refuse to include cleaned clocks in their collections.
D
In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese” and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Classic baby talk will include speaking at a higher pitch, with exaggerated (夸张的) intonation, simplified vocabulary, and repetitive phrases. It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The exaggerated vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something.
Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The melodic and nurturing tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving them a sense of security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this high-pitched, animated vocalization...babies love it when adults engage in baby talk. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inherent love for baby talk.
Newborns can’t speak, but they come ready to learn. Evidence suggests that human brains are primed to absorb and process linguistic input. The melodic patterns and símplified language of baby talk help infants differentiate speech sounds and identify keywords, facilitating more efficient language development.
However, it’s important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.
32．Which of the following is the characteristic of baby talk
A．Vivid expressions. B．Rich information.
C．Complex grammar. D．Large vocabulary.
33．According to the passage, what’s the function of baby talk
A．To entertain adults. B．To form emotional bond.
C．To learn more about babies. D．To help babies understand the adult world.
34．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Describing a phenomenon. B．Offering advice.
C．Analyzing causes. D．Interpreting facts.
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．What is baby talk B．Why can’t adults talk like babies
C．How do babies talk with adults D．Why can’t adults talk normully to babies
第二节（共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why was school created 36 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 37 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 38 .
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
39 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 40 .
A．In this way, the idea of school was born.
B．The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C．At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D．Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E．We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F．The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G．You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and would walk the same route along the local canal each evening. On winter mornings, I would see the 41 sight of bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 42 above the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of the crow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 43 Then he began to work with a team. The team’s 44 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 45 ”. Each individual’s call might 46 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协调) their 47 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 48 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 49 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 50 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 51 being attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 52 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 53 a large group. If you’re 54 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 55 .
41．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual
42．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising
43．A．fly B．gather C．appear D．return
44．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty
45．A．fitting in B．breaking in C．stepping in D．signing in
46．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank
47．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand
48．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained
49．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．arrived
50．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep
51．A．in defense of B．in control of C．at risk of D．at the sight of
52．A．common B．essential C．open D．unique
53．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning
54．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated
55．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分 ，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What is culture Culture is the shared characteristics and knowledge of a group of people, 56 (include) their language, religion, food, social habits. music and arts. The word “culture” has 57 (it) root from the Latin “culture”, which is related to the meaning of “growth”.
A number of historical events 58 (help) shape Western culture in the past 2,500 years. The fall of Rome cleared the way for the establishment of a series of states in Europe. The Black Death of the 1300 cut the population of Europe by one-third, 59 remade the society. Gradually, Christianity became the 60 (strong) of all religions in Europe. Then the trade between East and West allowed Europeans to explore North and South America.
Eastern culture generally refers to the traditions in Asian 61 (country). Like the West, Eastern culture was heavily influenced by religion during its early development, but later it 62 (influence) by the agricultural development significantly.
63 culture differs from area to area, one thing is for certain: Cultures change. “Culture plays 64 important role in our interconnected world,” De Rossi said. “But it is no longer fixed. Culture is 65 (constant) moving and essentially fluid.”
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter结束了在中国的学习即将回国，你打算为他写一个扇面“锲而不舍”送给他作为纪念。请你附一篇短文告知他此礼物的含义。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my father doesn’t answer the phone, I don’t think anything of it. He’s 75 years old and doesn’t always want to talk.
This was what I told myself when I called him and he didn’t answer one Wednesday afternoon in January earlier this year. I was in Thailand for a trip. It’s sunny there but in Ohio, where my dad lives, it’s cold and snowy.
I tried calling my dad two days later. Again, no answer. I was starting to feel uneasy. Thankfully, I didn’t have enough time to worry because he immediately called back. But his voice was dry and weak. He said he had fallen down and had been on the floor for days. He was calling from the floor.
I immediately used another phone to call my sister Kristel. When she’s already in the car, I hung up with her and continued talking with my dad. I didn’t want to hang up, because I didn’t know if he had a heart attack or a stroke. What I did know was that I wished I wasn’t so far away.
My dad spent the next three days in the hospital. The doctors didn’t know what had happened. The tests they ran didn’t tell them anything because he was on the floor for too long.
Besides her work time, my sister was the one sitting next to my dad for hours in the hospital taking care of him. She had always been the one on the front line of his care but it’s becoming apparent that she’s burning out.
For most of my life, I’ve not taken on any kind of family responsibility. I’m the youngest. I studied abroad. I vacationed in faraway lands and I was always too busy to come home. But my sister Kristel, who is 10 years older than me, has always been responsible. As she grew up, she helped our parents on the farm. Ever since she was in high school, Kristel has always had multiple jobs. But when my dad fell and was rushed to the hospital, I decided to spend more time with him.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I eventually arrived at the hospital, my dad was still lying on bed.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the moment, I promised to myself that I wouldn’t leave him until he recovered.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________绝密★启用前
2024年高考模拟检测卷02
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to know
A．How to make dessert. B．How to solve problems. C．How to understand expressions.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Can you tell me the meaning of “piece of cake” What about “easy as pie”
W: Neither is about dessert. They are similar in meaning to “No problem”.
M: Well, have you ever made a pie There is nothing easy about it.
2．What are the speakers talking about
A．A disease. B．A co-worker. C．A doctor.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Did you hear the news Jim is retiring.
W: Yeah. I heard his doctor told him to retire immediately. He needs to stop working to take care of himself.
M: That’s so sad. I’m going to miss him.
3．When does the conversation take place
A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Jim, don’t forget we’re going to that party at Carlyle’s tomorrow night.
M: What’s tomorrow Friday
W: That’s right. You’re not working, are you
M: Actually, I am. And I don’t finish until Saturday.
4．What is the man doing
A．Teaching the woman to play golf.
B．Watching a golf game.
C．Doing some exercise.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Watch how I use the power from my shoulders as I hit the golf ball.
W: Every time I try to hit the ball, I either miss the ball or hit it on its side.
M: Keep your eye on the ball and let your body do the rest.
5．How is Facebook in the man’s opinion
A．It’s safe to use.
B．Facebook friends are reliable.
C．It can waste your time.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Hey! Do you have a Facebook account I’ve got many friends there and it’s so much fun.
M: I’m happy for you. On the other hand, be careful not to be addicted. It can take up too much of your time.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What does the man say about foxes
A．They are dangerous. B．They also eat plants. C．They look pretty and small.
7．How long do average worker ants sleep every day
A．8 hours. B．4-5hours. C．48 minutes.
【答案】6．B 7．B
【原文】M: I watched the Animal World with my parents last night. I learned many interesting facts. For example, a kind of fox eats not only meat, but also apples, pears, carrots, etc.
W: Really I used to think foxes only eat meat. I once saw a piece of news that a fox had hurt a man.
M: Maybe the fox was trying to protect itself. You know what It’s a magic world. Humans need to sleep for at least 8 hours, while average worker ant takes approximately 250 naps each day, with each one lasting just over a minute. That adds up to 4 hours and 48 minutes of sleep per day. I felt surprised when I knew it.
W: Cool, I think ants are really hard-working. I want to watch the show, too. Maybe I’ll watch it after work.
M: It’s really worth seeing.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Why doesn’t the woman want to go to the Cat House
A．The food is expensive. B．It’s noisy. C．Many cats are there.
9．What impressed the man most about the Lotus restaurant
A．Its French food. B．Its modern decoration. C．Its live band.
【答案】8．B 9．C
【原文】W: Would you like to eat out with me this Saturday
M: Of course. Where shall we go I remember you love Beijing Roast Duck.
W: Yeah, I do love it. But this time, let’s try something different. How about the Cat House
M: Good idea. I know that many people have written positive reviews about that restaurant, but it’s a bit expensive.
W: Oh, wait! Some reviews say it’s always full of young kids. They play with the cats in the restaurant. It must be very noisy. I don’t think it’s a good choice.
M: Then, how about the Lotus restaurant It’s a modernly decorated place with good French food. What impressed me most last time I was there was its live band, but as for the noise...
W: A live band Cool! Let’s go there.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
10．What’s the relationship between the speakers
A．Husband and wife.
B．Brother and sister.
C．Customer and shop assistant.
11．What do we know about the man
A．He is very poor.
B．He hates shopping.
C．He often comes to the store.
12．Which dress does the woman like
A．The red one. B．The blue one. C．The white one.
【答案】10．A 11．B 12．C
【原文】M: What do you think of this clothing store
W: I love it! The only problem is that it’s extremely expensive.
M: Don’t worry. I’ve decided that for your birthday. I’m going to take you shopping for a new dress here.
W: Really The last time we did that was before our wedding. I thought you hated shopping.
M: I do hate shopping, and that’s why you should appreciate this gift!
W: That’s really nice of you! Let’s go in and try some things on.
M: How about this red dress I think it would really suit you.
W: I don’t think this color is quite right for me. Do they have the same dress in white in size 8
M: Let’s see... they’ve got one in blue, pink, black... and white. Here you are.
W: This is perfect!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13．How does the woman want to pay
A．In cash. B．By credit card. C．With her smartphone.
14．What does the man think of PayPal
A．It is free. B．It is popular. C．It isn’t very fast.
15．Where is Venmo accepted
A．At many small shops. B．At most large stores. C．At a lot of restaurants.
16．What does the woman offer to do for the man
A．Download the app. B．Send him an invitation. C．Lend him some money.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．A 16．B
【原文】M: OK, your bill comes to thirty-six dollars.
W: Well, I never carry cash on me anymore. Can I just Venmo it to you
M: What does that mean
W: Venmo is an app that you download for your smartphone. It connects to your bank or a credit card, and you can transfer money to other people in about ten seconds.
M: What That’s fast! I’ve used PayPal before, but it sometimes takes several minutes for the transfer to be completed. Plus, they charge you a fee for sending the money.
W: Venmo is free if you use a checking account. But if you use a credit card, I think they charge you a small fee.
M: That’s cool. I never use my credit card, anyway. So, what can I do with the money once it’s there Can I use Venmo at stores
W: You still can’t use it at most restaurants and big chain stores, but a lot of smaller shops accept it. It’s getting more popular all the time.
M: All right, how can I sign up for Venmo
W: Download the app from the App Store, and I’ll email you an invitation to join.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．What has Barty decided to do at age 25
A．Retire from tennis. B．Go to college. C．Enter a new contest.
18．Who is Casey Dellacqua
A．Barty’s main opponent. B．Barty’s personal trainer. C．Barty’s former partner.
19．How old was Barty when she became a professional tennis player
A．12. B．14. C．16.
20．Which match did Barty win in 2022
A．British Open. B．French Open. C．Australian Open.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C
【原文】W: Ashleigh Barty, the world’s No. I women’s tennis player, shocked the sports world on Wednesday by announcing that she was retiring from tennis. Barty, who was just 25, says that it’s time for her to chase other dreams. Barty made the announcement in a video.
In the video, Barty discussed her thoughts about retiring with her good friend Casey Dellacqua. Dellacqua, who is also a retired tennis player, used to be Barty’s doubles partner. Barty made it clear that playing professional tennis at an extremely high level is very demanding and stressful. She said she knew how much work it took to bring the best out of herself. She added she didn’t have that in her anymore.
Even though she was only 25, Barty has been playing tennis for a long time. She started when she was four and turned professional ten years later. For over two years, Barty has been ranked the world’s No. 1 women’s tennis player. She has won 15 important women’s singles tournaments in her career. In 2019, Barty won the French Open. In 2021, she won Wimbledon. And in January 2022, she won the Australian Open. Barty said she knows some people won’t understand her decision, but she’s okay with that
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
College Podcast (播客) Challenge Open for Entries
The College Podcast Challenge is back for its third year, in the fall. Entries will open on Sept. 1, 2023 and close at the end of the year on Dec. 31, 2023 to give students the entire fall academic term. And, as with last year’s, the college con test will award a $5,000 grand prize scholarship and $500 prizes to finalists.
One big change this year: the college con test will be open to students of all ages doing an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, as well as those who are set to graduate in 2023. College podcasters can enter your own work, without going through your school or professor, as long as you’re 18 years or older.
For the college con test this year, our basic guidelines remain pretty much the same: students can create a podcast about any topic they wish to explore. Some themes we’ve seen over and over include questions on identity and how young people fit in. Your podcast can also be in many different formats: an interview, narrative (叙述的) story or even investigative reporting. You can do it by yourself or with your entire class.
One important rule to keep in mind is that the maximum length of your podcast is eight minutes, and longer entries will be disqualified.
For more tips, advice and the latest updates on this year’s contest, make sure to sign up for our newsletter. We can’t wait to hear your stories!
21．When can you submit your entry
A．In January. B．In February. C．In August. D．In November.
22．What is special about this year’s contest
A．It is open to all college students. B．Its participants under 18 are qualified.
C．It requires your school’s approval. D．Its basic guidelines have changed a lot.
23．Which is a must concerning your podcast
A．It should present an inspiring people. B．It focuses on young people’s life.
C．It is eight minutes at most in length. D．It is created by your entire class.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大学生播客挑战赛的参赛事宜。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Entries will open on Sept. 1,2023 and close at the end of the year on Dec. 31, 2023 to give students the entire fall academic term.(报名将于2023年9月1日开始，并于2023年12月31日结束，学生可以参加整个秋季学期)”可知，参赛作品提交时间为2023年9月1日至2023年12月31日，所以11月份可以提交参赛作品。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“One big change this year: the college con test will be open to students of all ages doing an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, as well as those who are set to graduate in 2023.(今年的一个重大变化是：大学竞赛将向所有年龄的大专或本科学生以及将于2023年毕业的学生开放)”可知，今年的比赛面向全体大学生。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“One important rule to keep in mind is that the maximum length of your podcast is eight minutes, and longer entries will be disqualified.(一个重要的规则是要记住，你的播客的最长长度是8分钟，超过8分钟将被取消资格)”可知，参赛播客时长不得超过8分钟。故选C项。
B
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lays, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life —and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told : “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
24．What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags
A．To give them away to her.
B．To turn them into sleeping bags.
C．To throw them into the trash.
D．To donate them to the homeless directly.
25．Which of the following is true about the sleeping bags
A．They can be made with ease.
B．They can be different in size.
C．They are far from overweight.
D．They are made by machines in the workshop.
26．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.
B．Poverty results from environmental problems.
C．Oleita’s project made 110 sleeping bags per month.
D．The aim of the project is more than social issues.
27．Which words can best describe Oleita
A．Responsible and creative.
B．Talented and social.
C．Hardworking and loyal.
D．Selfless and modest.
【答案】24．A 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章介绍Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag Project为缓解部分社会问题：垃圾和贫穷问题，她的努力取得了一定的效果。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless. (这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)。”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋捐出来。故选A项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News. (缝制一个睡袋大约需要四个小时，每个睡袋大约需要150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单人食用还是家庭食用。Oleita在接受《底特律新闻报》采访时表示，这种睡袋“防水、轻便、便于携带”。)”可知，这种睡袋防水、轻便、便于携带。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life —and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says. (自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。当然，筹钱买新睡袋会更简单。但对Oleita和她的志愿者们来说，这只是他们目标的一半。Oleita一家十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望过上更好的生活。她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响。”)”可知，Oleita希望the Chip Bag Project不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless. (Eradajere Oleita认为，她或许能部分解决该国的两个问题：垃圾和贫困。它被称为薯片袋计划。这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。)”可知，Oleita希望能解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无家可归者的睡袋，她是有责任心且有创造力的。故选A项。
C
Clockmaking is a traditional technology which involves the building and repair of clocks. But it is now on the red list drawn up by the Heritage Crafts Association (HCA), which has warned more specialists are retiring than entering the profession.
David Poole, a former master of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, said, “Although there used to be clockmakers on the street, a clock repair shop is a rare sight today.” Waiting lists will just grow, and people will find it extremely difficult to identify anyone to repair their clocks. There are only about 250 makers and repairers left across Britain, according to HCA’s research.
When specialists are approaching retirement, they often cannot afford to take on apprentices (学徒) as happened in the past. Besides, it is feared that the few training courses that have survived will not fill the gap.
Howard Walwyn, a leading dealer in Kensington, warned that, if expertise in repairing is lost, clocks will become lifeless objects rather than living things, adding, “Most clockmakers have fiddled with clocks as kids, taking them apart, and trying to get them to work. The problem is that young kids now are spending all their time in front of screens. I’ve got some younger clockmakers, but they’re few and far between.”
“There are also concerns that too many clockmakers are prepared to use modern mechanical solutions to make a clock work, even if those solutions are aesthetically (审美地) wrong,” said Jonathan Betts, an adviser to the National Trust. He added, “Museum collections and more sensitive private collectors would much rather not have a clock cleaned so it looks brand new, but an awful lot of restorers reject that. “Mr Poole, who became a clockmaker in the 1990s, said, “There are few people coming into the business. Most people who are in it are edging towards retirement, so am I. If people aren’t skilled, all those lovely things won’t be looked after properly.”
28．What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 2
A．Clockmakers are in great need.
B．The clockmaking industry is declining.
C．Clock repair shops are common.
D．It is rare for people to repair their clocks.
29．What did the specialists traditionally do near retirement
A．They compared with apprentices. B．They took the training course.
C．They collected some clocks. D．They employed apprentices.
30．What does the underlined word “fiddled” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Begun. B．Argued. C．Played. D．Broken.
31．What is Jonathan Betts’ concern
A．Many repairers adopt modern methods in clockmaking.
B．Many restorers are incapable of fixing mechanical clocks.
C．Private collectors show no interest in traditional techniques.
D．Museums refuse to include cleaned clocks in their collections.
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国传统的钟表制造和维修工艺面临着匠人流失的问题。相关专家呼吁重视年轻人对传统钟表制作的教育和培训，以保护这一重要的传统工艺。
28．细节理解题。由文章第二段“David Poole, a former master of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers, said, “Although there used to be clockmakers on the street, a clock repair shop is a rare sight today.” Waiting lists will just grow, and people will find it extremely difficult to identify anyone to repair their clocks. There are only about 250 makers and repairers left across Britain, according to HCA’s research. (钟表匠敬拜公司的前老板大卫·普尔说：“虽然过去街上也有钟表匠，但如今钟表匠修理店已经很少见了。”等待名单只会越来越长，人们会发现很难找到人来修理他们的时钟。根据HCA的研究，全英国只有大约250家制造商和修理工)”可知，作者在第2段中描述了急需钟表匠这一现象。故选A。
29．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“When specialists are approaching retirement, they often cannot afford to take on apprentices (学徒) as happened in the past. (当专家接近退休时，他们往往无法像过去那样承担学徒的费用)”可知，传统上，专家们在临近退休时会雇佣学徒。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。由划线词下文“as kids, taking them apart, and trying to get them to work (小时候，把它们拆开，试着让它们去工作)”可知，大多数钟表匠小时候都摆弄过钟表，把它们拆开，试图让它们工作。由此推知，划线词fiddled的意思为“摆弄，玩”。A. Begun开始；B. Argued争论；C. Played玩；D. Broken弄坏。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““There are also concerns that too many clock makers are prepared to use modern mechanical solutions to make a clock work, even if those solutions are aesthetically (审美地) wrong,” said Jonathan Betts (“人们还担心，太多钟表制造商准备使用现代机械解决方案来使钟表运转，即使这些解决方案在审美上是错误的，”Jonathan Betts说道)”可知，Jonathan Betts担心的是许多修理工采用现代方法制造钟表，而现代的修理方法在审美上是错误的。故选A。
D
In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese” and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Classic baby talk will include speaking at a higher pitch, with exaggerated (夸张的) intonation, simplified vocabulary, and repetitive phrases. It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The exaggerated vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something.
Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The melodic and nurturing tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving them a sense of security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this high-pitched, animated vocalization...babies love it when adults engage in baby talk. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inherent love for baby talk.
Newborns can’t speak, but they come ready to learn. Evidence suggests that human brains are primed to absorb and process linguistic input. The melodic patterns and símplified language of baby talk help infants differentiate speech sounds and identify keywords, facilitating more efficient language development.
However, it’s important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.
32．Which of the following is the characteristic of baby talk
A．Vivid expressions. B．Rich information.
C．Complex grammar. D．Large vocabulary.
33．According to the passage, what’s the function of baby talk
A．To entertain adults. B．To form emotional bond.
C．To learn more about babies. D．To help babies understand the adult world.
34．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Describing a phenomenon. B．Offering advice.
C．Analyzing causes. D．Interpreting facts.
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．What is baby talk B．Why can’t adults talk like babies
C．How do babies talk with adults D．Why can’t adults talk normully to babies
【答案】32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因，并就婴儿语的使用提出建议。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions.(它有旋律的特质，加上夸张的面部表情)”可知，“生动的表情”是婴儿语的一个特征。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby.(婴儿语也有助于在成人和婴儿之间建立情感联系)”可知，婴儿语的作用是建立情感联系，故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“However, it’s important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.(然而，随着婴儿年龄的增长和语言技能的发展，在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡是很重要的。随着孩子们对语言的理解和表达越来越熟练，成年人也应该相应地调整和推进他们的沟通方式)”可知，本段是说随着婴儿的成长，成年人要在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡，调整和推进与孩子的沟通方式。由此可知，本段主要是就婴儿语的使用提建议。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult (为什么不用正常的语言和婴儿说话，就像我们和另一个成年人说话一样？)”可知，文章解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因。由此可知，D项“为什么成年人不正常地和婴儿说话？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why was school created 36 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 37 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 38 .
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
39 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 40 .
A．In this way, the idea of school was born.
B．The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C．At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D．Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E．We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F．The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G．You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
【答案】36．E 37．G 38．B 39．F 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了学校的好处和学校产生的历史。
36．根据前文“Why was school created (为什么要创建学校 )”以及后文“Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!(特别是在考试的日子里，许多学生都想知道为什么他们会受到如此可怕和不寻常的惩罚!)”可知，此处通过从学生的角度谈论创建学校的理由，E项“We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.(我们确信这是每个学生都会时不时问的问题)”承接上文，学生问的问题就是前文的问题，并引出下文。故选E项。
37．根据前文“If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.(如果你对自己诚实的话，你就会知道学校是一个多么好的地方)”可知，此处讲述学校是个好地方，G项“You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.(你玩得很开心，学习各种有趣的东西，并与你的朋友们共度时光)”符合此处主题，说明学校提高的益处，承接上文。故选G项。
38．根据前文“Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.(学校并不是一项新发明。你可能见过一些已经存在了几百年甚至更久的单间校舍)”可知，此处讲述学校的历史，B项“The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.(然而，最早的学校可以追溯到几千年前)”符合本段主题。故选B项。
39．根据后文“They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.(他们以家庭为单位教育年轻人。然而，随着时间的推移，人口增长，社会形成)”可知，此处讲述早期的教育，F项“The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.(最早的人类不需要学校来传递信息)”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
40．根据前文“Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.(人们很快发现，让一小群成年人教育一大群孩子，会更容易、更有效，而不是每个家庭都负责教育)”可知，本段主要讲述学校诞生的原因，A项“In this way, the idea of school was born.(就这样，学校的概念诞生了)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and would walk the same route along the local canal each evening. On winter mornings, I would see the 41 sight of bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 42 above the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of the crow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 43 Then he began to work with a team. The team’s 44 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 45 ”. Each individual’s call might 46 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协调) their 47 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 48 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 49 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 50 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 51 being attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 52 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 53 a large group. If you’re 54 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 55 .
41．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual
42．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising
43．A．fly B．gather C．appear D．return
44．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty
45．A．fitting in B．breaking in C．stepping in D．signing in
46．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank
47．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand
48．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained
49．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．arrived
50．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep
51．A．in defense of B．in control of C．at risk of D．at the sight of
52．A．common B．essential C．open D．unique
53．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning
54．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated
55．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge
【答案】
41．C 42．D 43．B 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．A 51．C 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳（Alex Dibnah）领导着做了一项关于为什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冬天的早晨，我会看到熟悉的景象，成群的鸟在风景中跳舞，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. peaceful和平的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“would walk the same route along the local canal each evening”可知，亚历克斯·迪布纳每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路，所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. fading褪色；B. stopping停止；C. changing改变；D. rising上升。根据下文“above the fields”可知，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道：为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这么大？A. fly飞；B. gather聚集；C. appear出现；D. return回来。根据下文“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队的理论是，早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明；B. theory理论；C. experiment实验；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “　　5　　” .”可知，接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应；B. breaking in破门而入；C. stepping in迈进；D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might 　　6　　 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协调) their 　　7　　.”和“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了！”帮助他们协调行动。A. resign辞职；B. count计数，认为；C. check检查；D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知，这里指每个寒鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了！”的信号。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. movement移动；B. progress进步；C. gesture姿势；D. demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 　　9　　 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.”可知，这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了测试这一点，研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器，人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造；B. graded分级；C. increased增加；D. maintained保持。根据下文“using speakers”可知，研究人员使用扬声器，应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。故选C。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当播放额外的喊叫时，寒鸦会提前离开，这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。A. settled定居；B. left离开；C. escaped逃脱；D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和下文“leaving with the flock”可知，当额外的叫声被播放时，寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号，所以会提前离开。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益，因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息，比如在哪里寻找食物，它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间，而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit获益；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food”可知，这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处。故选A。
51．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. in defense of防御；B. in control of控制；C. at risk of冒险；D. at the sight of看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws 　　10　　 from leaving with the flock”可知，这是个体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处，所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种决策并非寒鸦独有，其他物种也有报道。A. common常见的；B. essential基础的；C. open开的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reported in other species as well”可知，其他物种也有报道这种决策，所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. joining加入；B. organizing组织；C. mastering精通；D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to”可知，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被噪音困扰，请从噪音越大，越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安慰。A. bothered打扰；B. impressed给…印象；C. surprised使吃惊；D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the noise”可知，这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A. trouble麻烦；B. wonder奇迹；C. peace和平；D. charge控告。根据上文“find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in”可知，寒鸦叫的声音越大越早，说明它们会越早离开，就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分 ，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What is culture Culture is the shared characteristics and knowledge of a group of people, 56 (include) their language, religion, food, social habits. music and arts. The word “culture” has 57 (it) root from the Latin “culture”, which is related to the meaning of “growth”.
A number of historical events 58 (help) shape Western culture in the past 2,500 years. The fall of Rome cleared the way for the establishment of a series of states in Europe. The Black Death of the 1300 cut the population of Europe by one-third, 59 remade the society. Gradually, Christianity became the 60 (strong) of all religions in Europe. Then the trade between East and West allowed Europeans to explore North and South America.
Eastern culture generally refers to the traditions in Asian 61 (country). Like the West, Eastern culture was heavily influenced by religion during its early development, but later it 62 (influence) by the agricultural development significantly.
63 culture differs from area to area, one thing is for certain: Cultures change. “Culture plays 64 important role in our interconnected world,” De Rossi said. “But it is no longer fixed. Culture is 65 (constant) moving and essentially fluid.”
【答案】
56．including 57．its 58．have helped 59．which 60．strongest 61．countries 62．was influenced 63．Although/Though 64．an 65．constantly
【详解】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文化的内涵及历史。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：文化是什么 文化是一群人共有的特征和知识，包括他们的语言、宗教、饮食、社会习惯、音乐和艺术。　　　　　　　　 (include) their language, religion, food, social habits. music and arts. 是非谓语动词作状语，include与其逻辑主语Culture之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故填including。
2.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：“文化”一词源于拉丁“文化”，与“生长”的含义有关。 固定短语“have one’s root from”译为：根源于……，需要在名词root前填入it的形容词性物主代词形式，故填its。
3.考查时态和语态。句意：在过去2500年里，大量的历史事件帮助塑造了西方文化。根据此句的时间状语“in the past 2,500 years”可知，需要用现在完成时，且此处为主动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填have helped。
4.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：14世纪的黑死病导致欧洲的人口减少了三分之一，这重塑了整个社会。此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，需填入关系代词which指代整个主句内容，故填which。
5.考查形容词的最高级。句意：基督教逐渐变成欧洲最大的宗教。根据“of all religions in Europe”可知，此处是形容词的最高级，故填strongest。
6.考查名词复数。句意：总的来说，东方文化指的是亚洲共有的传统。country是可数名词，此空处上文是Asian “亚洲的”，所以该处需要填名词复数，故填countries。
7.考查时态和语态。句意：与西方一样，东方文化在发展初期受到宗教的影响较大，但在发展后期又受到农业发展的影响较大。此处为but并列句的谓语，描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“它”和“影响”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故填was influenced。
8.考查状语从句。句意：虽然不同地区的文化有所不同，但有一件事情是确定的，那就是文化一直处于变化之中。此处需要填入让步状语从句的连接词，表示“尽管”，故填Although/Though。
9. 考查固定短语。句意：德罗西说：“文化在我们这个相互联系的世界中扮演着重要的角色。”固定短语“play a role in”译为：扮演着……的角色，形容词important是以元音音素开头的词，需要填不定冠词an，故填an。
10.考查副词。 句意：文化从本质上来说是流动的，而且一直在变化。此处需要用副词修饰动词moving，故填constantly。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter结束了在中国的学习即将回国，你打算为他写一个扇面“锲而不舍”送给他作为纪念。请你附一篇短文告知他此礼物的含义。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Hearing you are scheduled to return home, I’d like to give you a folding fan featuring a Chinese idiom “锲而不舍” on it as a souvenior.
“shan” is a symbol of kindness in Chinese, which is also a reminder of our forever friendship. Four Chinese characters express the great spirit of persistence. “锲(qie)” means “the act of carving” and “不舍(bùshě)” means “not giving up”. This idiom, as a whole, suggests if we keep carving, we will eventually turn a metal or stone piece into an artwork, however hard it pared with carving metal or stone, this idiom highlights the moral that if we don’t quit, we will achieve our goal one day.
At last, I’ll extend my best wishes to you.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给结束了在中国学习即将回国的美国朋友Peter写一个扇面“锲而不舍”送给他作为纪念并附一篇短文告知他此礼物的含义。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：would like to do sth.→feel like doing sth.
表达：express→deliver/convey
实现：achieve→fulfil
放弃：quit→give up
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing you are scheduled to return home, I’d like to give you a folding fan featuring a Chinese idiom “锲而不舍” on it as a souvenior.
拓展句：Hearing you are scheduled to return home, I’d like to give you a folding fan which features a Chinese idiom “锲而不舍” on it as a souvenior.
【点睛】【高分句型1】“shan” is a symbol of kindness in Chinese, which is also a reminder of our forever friendship. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】This idiom, as a whole, suggests if we keep carving, we will eventually turn a metal or stone piece into an artwork, however hard it is. (运用了省略了that的宾语从句，if引导的条件状语从句，however引导的让步状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When my father doesn’t answer the phone, I don’t think anything of it. He’s 75 years old and doesn’t always want to talk.
This was what I told myself when I called him and he didn’t answer one Wednesday afternoon in January earlier this year. I was in Thailand for a trip. It’s sunny there but in Ohio, where my dad lives, it’s cold and snowy.
I tried calling my dad two days later. Again, no answer. I was starting to feel uneasy. Thankfully, I didn’t have enough time to worry because he immediately called back. But his voice was dry and weak. He said he had fallen down and had been on the floor for days. He was calling from the floor.
I immediately used another phone to call my sister Kristel. When she’s already in the car, I hung up with her and continued talking with my dad. I didn’t want to hang up, because I didn’t know if he had a heart attack or a stroke. What I did know was that I wished I wasn’t so far away.
My dad spent the next three days in the hospital. The doctors didn’t know what had happened. The tests they ran didn’t tell them anything because he was on the floor for too long.
Besides her work time, my sister was the one sitting next to my dad for hours in the hospital taking care of him. She had always been the one on the front line of his care but it’s becoming apparent that she’s burning out.
For most of my life, I’ve not taken on any kind of family responsibility. I’m the youngest. I studied abroad. I vacationed in faraway lands and I was always too busy to come home. But my sister Kristel, who is 10 years older than me, has always been responsible. As she grew up, she helped our parents on the farm. Ever since she was in high school, Kristel has always had multiple jobs. But when my dad fell and was rushed to the hospital, I decided to spend more time with him.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I eventually arrived at the hospital, my dad was still lying on bed.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the moment, I promised to myself that I wouldn’t leave him until he recovered.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
When I eventually arrived at the hospital, my dad was still lying on bed. The ceiling was tall. Light was streaming in. It’s beautiful. But my dad was almost unrecognizable. He was thin and had really long beard. I didn’t let my concern show on my face. Instead, I gave him a kiss and immediately started to cut his beard. His face lit up and let me take care of him in a way I never had done before.
At the moment, I promised to myself that I wouldn’t leave him until he recovered. For the next two weeks, I became his full-time caretaker. Every morning after we woke up, we had coffee together. I walked him up and down the hallway of his apartment, and accompanied him to see doctors. When he’s deeply unmotivated, I would try my best to cheer him up. Due to the wave of my energy and confidence, my father soon recovered.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在泰国旅行的作者打电话回家，发现75岁的父亲摔倒在地板上好几天了，父亲被送往医院后，医生也没查出什么结果，而一直在照顾父亲的姐姐还要兼顾自己的工作，也已筋疲力尽，作者决定回去多陪陪父亲，在作者的陪伴看护下，父亲很快就恢复了健康。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当我最终到达医院时，父亲还躺在床上。”可知，第一段可描写作者与父亲相见时的情景，因此令作者觉得一定要好好看护年迈的父亲。
②由第二段首句内容“那一刻，我向自己保证，在他康复之前，我不会离开他。”可知，第二段可描写作者细心照料父亲，父亲最终恢复健康。
2.续写线索：到达医院——与父亲相见——陪伴看护——父亲康复
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.到达：arrive at / reach
②.陪伴：accompany sb / keep sb company
③.照顾：take care of / attend to
情绪类
①.没让我的关心表现在我的脸上：not let my concern show on my face / hide my concern
②.使……振作起来：cheer sb up / make sb more cheerful
【点睛】[高分句型1]. His face lit up and let me take care of him in a way I never had done before.（由省略to的不定式作宾补，省略关系词that/in which的定语从句修饰先行词way）
[高分句型2]. Every morning after we woke up, we had coffee together. （由after引导的时间状语从句）

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