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高中英语译林版必修三Unit 1 Reading文本解读
同步教学：文本解读
文本解读是一个主观性的过程，不同的人可能会有不同的理解和解释。因此，教师在进行文本解读时，应保持开放的心态，尊重不同的观点和解释。同时，文本解读也应该与教学目标和学生的实际情况相结合，以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握文本内容。一般而言，我们进行文本解读时，主要聚焦于以下几个方面：
了解文本背景：了解文本的创作背景、作者、文体、主题等方面的信息，这有助于更好地理解文本的意义和目的。
分析文本结构：分析文本的结构，包括段落层次、标题、标点符号等，这有助于把握文本的整体框架和组织方式。
理解文本语言：注意文本中的词汇、语句、修辞等语言特点，思考作者运用这些语言的目的和效果。
探讨文本主题：思考文本所表达的主题和中心思想，以及作者是如何通过文本内容来传达这些主题的。
以下是译林版高中必修三Unit 1 Reading 文本解读
The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
一、语篇内容The content of the discourse
This article is a script for a documentary that focuses on the Amazon rainforest, covering its basic information, biodiversity, its important role for the earth, and the threats it faces. By introducing the Amazon rainforest, the article makes students realize the importance of the Amazon rainforest in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth, thereby establishing environmental awareness and a correct understanding of the relationship between humans and nature.
本文是一部纪录片的脚本,内容围绕亚马孙雨林展开,涵盖了亚马孙雨林的基本信息、生物多样性、对地球的重要作用以及所面临的威胁等。文章通过对亚马孙雨林的相关介绍，让学生意识到亚马孙雨林对于维持地球生态平衡的重要性,从而树立环保意识,正确认识人与自然的关系。
二、语篇结构Discourse structure
This article consists of five paragraphs and is divided into three parts. The first paragraph is the introductory part, highlighting the theme of the article: the Amazon rainforest. The second to fourth paragraphs are the main part. Among them, the second paragraph introduces the basic information of the Amazon rainforest, the third paragraph introduces the plants in the rainforest and the layered structure, and the fourth paragraph introduces the animals in the rainforest and the food chain. The fifth paragraph is the concluding part, describing the role of the "lungs of the earth" and the threats it faces.
本文共五段，分为三个部分。第一段是开头部分,点出了文章的主题:亚马孙雨林。第二至四段是主体部分。其中，第二段介绍了亚马孙雨林的基本信息,第三段介绍了雨林中的植物和分层结构,第四段介绍了雨林中的动物和食物链。第五段是结尾部分,讲述了“地球之肺”的作用及面临的威胁。
三、语篇类型Discourse type
This article is the script of a documentary, and its discourse type is expository. The content of the article is scientific, the structure is clear, and the language is accurate. The author introduces the relevant information of the Amazon rainforest through examples, comparisons, and listing numbers, making the described object more specific and intuitive. At the end of the article, the author uses rhetorical questions to trigger students' thinking: Can we afford the consequences of damaging the "lungs of the earth"
本文是纪录片的脚本,其语篇类型是说明文。文章内容科学,结构清晰,语言准确。作者通过举例子、作比较、列数字等写作手法介绍了亚马孙雨林的相关信息,使说明对象更具体、更直观。作者在结尾处用反问来引发学生思考:我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺"的后果吗
四、标题理解The understanding of the title
The title directly points out the object of this article: the Amazon rainforest. The phrase "a natural treasure" not only guides readers to specifically grasp the characteristics of the described object and points out the importance of the Amazon rainforest, but also stimulates readers' interest in reading: why is the Amazon rainforest called "a natural treasure"
标题直接点明本文的说明对象:亚马孙雨林。句中a natural treasure既引导读者有针对性地把握说明对象的特征,指出亚马孙雨林的重要性，又激发读者的阅读兴趣:亚马孙雨林为什么被称为“大自然的宝藏”
五、段落分析Paragraph analysis
第一段：
Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
翻译：
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海 洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。这里是 亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
分析：
1. The first sentence uses the rhetorical device of metaphor in the phrase "a huge sea of green", comparing the rainforest to a green ocean, indicating the vast area of the rainforest. The phrase "alive with the sounds of" in the sentence makes readers feel the vitality of the rainforest, where everywhere is filled with the sounds of animals.
第一句话句中a huge sea of green使用隐喻( metaphor )的修辞手法,把雨林比作绿色的海洋,说明雨林面积辽阔。句中alive with the sounds of alive with让读者感受到雨林的生机勃勃,到处都是动物的声音。
2. The third sentence leads to the theme of the documentary, highlighting the importance of the Amazon rainforest: the largest rainforest in the world and playing an important role in maintaining the delicate balance of the earth's ecosystem.
第三句话引出纪录片的主题,点明亚马孙雨林的重要性:世界上最大的雨林，且在维持地球生态系统的微妙平衡上起着重要作用。
第二段：
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
翻译：
亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6,400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。
分析：
This paragraph introduces the basic information of the Amazon rainforest by listing numbers. The first sentence introduces the countries and regions that the Amazon rainforest spans, the second sentence introduces the area, the third sentence introduces the length of the Amazon River, and the last two sentences introduce the species diversity.
本段通过列数字介绍亚马孙雨林的基本信息，第一句话介绍亚马孙雨林横跨的国家和地区、第二句话介绍占地面积，第三句话介绍亚马孙河的长度，最后两句话介绍物种多样性。
The author uses the rhetorical device of comparison, compares the area of the Amazon rainforest with the area of China, and compares the length of the Amazon River with the length of the Yangtze River. By comparing unfamiliar things with familiar things, readers can have a more intuitive understanding of the area of the Amazon rainforest and the length of the Amazon River.
作者运用作比较的修辞手法，把亚马孙雨林的面积和中国的面积三进行比较，把亚马孙河的长度和长江的长度进行比较，将读者不熟悉的事物与熟悉的事物进行比较，让读者对亚马孙雨林的面积、亚马孙河的长度有更直观的认识。
第三段
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
翻译：
在人类已知的390,000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40,000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。最底层是地下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
分析：
The first sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph, which shows the wide variety of plant species in the Amazon rainforest by listing numbers.
The second sentence illustrates the diversity of rainforest plants and their unique morphological characteristics through specific examples such as the Brazilian nut tree and the water lily, which are unique to South America. The words "this" and "these" in the sentence highlight the linguistic features of the documentary.
Sentences three to seven describe the layered structure of rainforest plants from bottom to top, and the words "at the bottom", "above", "the next level", "then", and "finally" clearly indicate the spatial sequence. The author's description of the main characteristics of each layer of plants is vivid and specific. The word "mass" in the fifth sentence indicates that there are many fallen leaves, and "dark" indicates that the bottom of the rainforest is relatively dark due to weak lighting.
The last sentence is a transitional sentence, and "home to different kinds of living things" leads to the content about the animals in the rainforest in the fourth paragraph.
第一句是段落的主题句，通过列数字说明亚马孙雨林的植物种类繁多。
第二句通过具体例子“巴西坚果树和睡莲”这两个南美洲独有的植物说明雨林植物的多样性及独特的形态特征。句中this和these凸显了纪录片的语言特征。
第三至七句自下而上描写雨林植物的分层结构，at the bottom、above、the next level、then、 finally清晰地表示出空间顺序。作者对每一层植物的主要特征的描写生动具体。第五句中的mass说明落叶多，dark说明雨林底部因为光照弱而比较阴暗。
最后一句是过渡句，home to different kinds of living things 引出第四段关于雨林中动物的内容。
第四段：
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
翻译：
1,300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙.相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
分析：
The first sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph, which shows the diversity of rainforest animals by giving the number of bird and mammal species. The use of the verb "hide" in the sentence makes the language more vivid and lively.
The first sentence of the paragraph introduces the rainforest animals as a whole, while the second sentence uses "one example" to introduce specific examples, introducing from the general to the specific, making the description rich in layers.
The word "while" in the third sentence leads to a turn, pointing out that the jaguar is only one link in the entire food chain of the rainforest, and then gives an example to specifically illustrate the recycling process of the food chain.
第一句是段落主题句，通过给出鸟类、哺乳动物物种数量说明雨林动物的多样性。句中动词hide的使用让语言更加鲜活、生动。
段落首句整体介绍雨林动物，而第二句用one example引出具体例证，介绍由面到点，由概述到具体，使描写富有层次。
第三句中while一词引出转折，指出美洲豹只是整个雨林食物链中的一环，再举例具体说明食物链的循环过程。
第五段：
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet". Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattie farming. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
翻译：
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并生成占全球总量20%以上的氧气，来为地球注入活力。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
分析：
There is a cause-resultl relationship between the first two sentences of the paragraph, explaining the importance of the Amazon rainforest to the earth. The first sentence explains the reason why the Amazon rainforest is called the "lungs of the earth": it can fix carbon and produce more than 20% of the world's total oxygen.
The word "moreover" in the third sentence leads to another reason: many species in the Amazon rainforest can be used as food or in pharmaceuticals, adding to the importance of the Amazon rainforest.
The word "yet" in the fourth sentence indicates a turning point, pointing out that human activities pose a major threat to the animals and plants in the rainforest, and proves the threat of humans by listing the specific data of the reduction in the area of the rainforest due to agricultural and cattle-raising activities in the past 50 years.
At the end of the article, a rhetorical question is used to resonate with the readers and stimulate their thinking. A rhetorical question appears in the form of a question, but actually expresses a positive meaning. The author's true meaning is that humans cannot afford the consequences of destroying the Amazon rainforest. A rhetorical question expresses a stronger emotion than a affirmative sentence, plays an emphasizing role, enhances the expression effect and emotional color.
段落前两句之间是因果关系，说明亚马孙雨林对地球的重要性。第一句说明亚马孙雨林被称为“地球之肺”的原因:能固定碳并制造超过全球总量20%的氧气。第三句中moreover一词引出另一层原因:亚马孙雨林中的许多物种可以作为食物或用于制药，补充说明亚马孙雨林的重要性。
第四句中yet一词表转折的意味，指出人类活动对雨林中动植物构成了主要威胁，并通过列出过去50年中农耕和养牛活动使雨林面积减少的具体数据，来证明人类的威胁。
文章结尾使用反问句( rhetorical question)， 引起读者共鸣，激发读者思考。反问句表面看是疑问形式，但实际上表达的是肯定的意思。作者要表达的真实意思是:人类承担不起破坏亚马孙雨林的后果。反问句比肯定句表达的感情更加强烈，起强调作用，增强表达效果和感彩。

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