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Unit7 lesson2-writing shop
female
词性：形容词
中文意思：女性的，雌的
英文释义：of or relating to the sex that produces eggs or gives birth to young
词源：来自拉丁语femina（女人）
例句：The zoo has many female lions.
固定搭配：female employee（女员工），female role model（女性榜样）
近义词：feminine, womanly
male
词性：形容词
中文意思：男性的，雄的
英文释义：of or relating to the sex that produces sperm or fathers young
词源：来自拉丁语masculus（男性的）
例句：The school has a higher proportion of male students.
固定搭配：male dominance（男性主导），male pattern baldness（男性型脱发）
近义词：masculine, manly
mask
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：面具，口罩；掩饰，掩盖
英文释义：a covering for the face worn for protection, disguise, or entertainment; to conceal or hide something
词源：来自古英语maske（面具）
例句：She wore a mask at the masquerade ball. / He tried to mask his disappointment with a smile.
固定搭配：face mask（口罩），gas mask（防毒面具），masked ball（化装舞会）
近义词：cover, disguise, conceal
clown
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：小丑，丑角；扮小丑，装傻
英文释义：a person who entertains by making jokes and performing tricks; to behave in a silly or foolish way
词源：来自中古英语clownen（傻瓜）
例句：The circus clown made everyone laugh. / He was just clowning around, he didn't really mean it.
固定搭配：clown nose（小丑鼻子），clown costume（小丑服装），clown car（彩车）
近义词：jester, fool, prankster
emotion
词性：名词
中文意思：情感，情绪
英文释义：a strong feeling such as love, hate, or fear that is usually directed towards someone or something else
词源：来自拉丁语emovere（移动）
例句：Her emotions were all over the place after the breakup. / He spoke with great emotion about his experiences.
固定搭配：emotional support（情感支持），emotional intelligence（情商），emotional rollercoaster（情绪过山车）
acrobatics：
词性：名词
中文意思：杂技，特技表演
英文释义：the art of performing difficult physical feats, especially balancing and tumbling
词源：来自希腊语akrobatikos（“在高处工作”）。
例句：The acrobatics show was amazing.
固定搭配：aerial acrobatics（空中特技）
近义词：tricks, stunts
master：
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：主人，大师，掌握
英文释义：1. owner or ruler of a household or group of people 2. person who has great skill in a particular activity 3. to have control or command over something
词源：来自古英语maester，意为“主人”。
例句：He is a master of martial arts.
固定搭配：master's degree（硕士学位）
近义词：expert, skilled, commander
refer：
词性：动词
中文意思：参考，涉及，提到
英文释义：to mention or speak about someone/something indirectly
词源：来自拉丁语referre（“归还，报告”）。
例句：I referred to the dictionary when I didn't know how to spell a word.
固定搭配：refer to（参考，涉及）
近义词：mention, allude, relate
perform：
词性：动词
中文意思：执行，表演，表现
英文释义：to carry out a task or an action, especially in public
词源：来自拉丁语performare（“履行，执行”）。
例句：The band will perform at the concert tonight.
固定搭配：performance review（绩效评估）
近义词：execute, act, demonstrate
pattern：
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：模式，图案，模范
英文释义：1. a regular way in which something happens or is done 2. a design made by repeating a simple shape many times 3. to make something using a pattern
词源：来自古英语patern（“样品，图案”）。
例句：She cut the dress according to the pattern.
固定搭配：pattern recognition（模式识别）
近义词：design, motif, model
carriage (名词)
中文意思：马车；运输工具；运费
英文释义：a vehicle with four wheels, pulled by a horse or horses, used for carrying passengers or goods
词源：来自拉丁语 carrus，意为“货车”
例句：She traveled in a luxurious carriage.（她乘坐一辆豪华马车旅行。）
固定搭配：pull a carriage（拉马车）；carriage of goods（货物运输）
近义词：vehicle, cart, wagon
complex (形容词/名词)
中文意思：复杂的；复合的；综合设施
英文释义：consisting of many closely connected parts; difficult to understand or explain; a group of buildings and other facilities combined for a particular purpose
词源：来自拉丁语 complexus，意为“组合在一起的”
例句：The instructions were too complex for me to follow.（这些说明对我来说太复杂了，我无法理解。）
固定搭配：complex system（复杂系统）；complex network（复杂网络）；psychological complex（心理情结）
近义词：complicated, intricate, involved
aspect (名词)
中文意思：方面；面貌；特点
英文释义：a particular feature or part of something; a particular way of considering or describing something
词源：来自拉丁语 aspectus，意为“外观”
例句：There are several aspects to consider before making a decision.（在做决定之前，有几个方面需要考虑。）
固定搭配：aspect ratio（宽高比）；social aspect（社会方面）；economic aspect（经济方面）
近义词：aspect, facet, feature
orchestra (名词)
中文意思：管弦乐队；乐团
英文释义：a large group of musicians playing various instruments together, especially stringed instruments, woodwind instruments, and brass instruments
词源：来自意大利语 orchestra，意为“小房间”或“小舞台”，最初用于指代演奏音乐的地方
例句：She plays the violin in an orchestra.（她在管弦乐队里拉小提琴。）
固定搭配：orchestra pit（乐池）；orchestra concert（交响乐音乐会）；orchestra conductor（乐团指挥）
近义词：band, ensemble, musical group
genius (名词)
中文意思：天才；天赋；天资聪颖的人
英文释义：a person with exceptional intellectual ability or creative power; a natural talent or aptitude for something
词源：来自拉丁语 genius，意为“守护神”或“精神”
例句：He is a genius when it comes to mathematics.（他在数学方面是个天才。）
固定搭配：genius loci（地方守护神）；military genius（军事天才）；artistic genius（艺术天才）
近义词：talent, gift, prodigy
symphony
词性：名词
中文意思：交响乐，交响曲
英文释义：a large musical composition for orchestra, typically in four movements
词源：来自希腊语的"sumphōníā"，意为“一起发出声音”
例句：The symphony played by the orchestra was very beautiful.
固定搭配：a symphony orchestra（交响乐团）
近义词：orchestra, musical composition
composer
词性：名词
中文意思：作曲家，创作者
英文释义：a person who writes music, especially classical music
词源：来自拉丁语的"componere"，意为“组成，写作”
例句：Mozart is one of the most famous composers in history.
固定搭配：composer of a song（歌曲创作者）
近义词：musician, songwriter
struggle
词性：动词/名词
中文意思：斗争，努力，挣扎
英文释义：verb: to try hard to do something difficult; noun: a difficult and painful process of trying to achieve something
词源：来自古英语的"str glian"，意为“扭动，斗争”
例句：She struggled to finish the marathon.（她努力地完成了马拉松比赛。）
固定搭配：struggle with（与...斗争，努力克服）
近义词：fight, strive, endeavor
proceed
词性：动词
中文意思：进行，继续，前进
英文释义：to continue doing something or to move forward
词源：来自拉丁语的"procedere"，意为“向前推进”
例句：The meeting will proceed as scheduled.（会议将按计划进行。）
固定搭配：proceed with caution（谨慎行事）
近义词：continue, advance, move forward
score
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：得分，成绩；打分，评价；二十个单位或物品的一组
英文释义：noun: points gained in a game or competition; verb: to give marks or grades to someone or something; noun: a set of twenty units or things of the same kind
词源：来自古英语的"scōr"，意为“刻痕，记号”
例句：He scored the winning goal in the final minute of the game.（他在比赛的最后一分钟打进了制胜一球。）
respond
词性：动词
中文意思：回应，回答
英文释义：to react to something or reply to someone
词源：来自拉丁语respondere，意为“回答”
例句：He didn't respond to my email.
固定搭配：respond to, respond with, respond by
近义词：answer, reply, react
backstage
词性：副词/形容词
中文意思：在后台，秘密地
英文释义：in or into the area behind the stage in a theater, etc.; secretly
词源：back + stage
例句：The actors were backstage getting ready for the show.
固定搭配：backstage passes, backstage area, backstage crew
近义词：offstage, behind the scenes
tense
词性：形容词/动词
中文意思：紧张的，拉紧的
英文释义：feeling worried or nervous; stretched tightly; to make or become tight
词源：来自拉丁语tensus，意为“拉紧的”
例句：She was very tense before her job interview.
固定搭配：tense situation, tense muscles, tense atmosphere
近义词：nervous, anxious, stressed
conductor
词性：名词
中文意思：指挥家，导体
英文释义：a person who directs an orchestra or other group of musicians; a substance that allows electricity to pass through it easily
词源：来自拉丁语conductus，意为“引导”
例句：The conductor led the orchestra in playing the final piece.
固定搭配：conductor of an orchestra, electrical conductor, metal conductor
近义词：director, guide, leader
hesitate
词性：动词
中文意思：犹豫，踌躇不前
英文释义：to pause before doing something because you are not sure about what to do or feel uncertain or unwilling to do it
词源：来自法语hesiter，意为“犹豫”
例句：I hesitated before accepting the job offer.
固定搭配：hesitate to do something, hesitate about something, hesitate for a moment
近义词：pause, waver, dither
charge
词性：动词、名词
中文意思：收费，指控，冲锋
英文释义：to ask someone for money that you must pay for something, to accuse someone of doing something wrong, to move forward quickly and forcefully
词源：来自古法语charger，意为“装满，装填”
例句：The shop will charge you for the service.（商店会向你收取服务费。）
固定搭配：free of charge（免费），in charge（负责）
近义词：accuse, blame, impeach
joyous
词性：形容词
中文意思：充满喜悦的，欢乐的
英文释义：feeling or showing happiness and pleasure
词源：来自拉丁语jocus，意为“游戏，娱乐”
例句：The children were filled with joyous laughter.（孩子们充满了欢乐的笑声。）
固定搭配：joyous occasion（欢乐的场合），joyous news（喜讯）
近义词：delighted, happy, ecstatic
signal
词性：名词、动词
中文意思：信号，标志，发信号
英文释义：a sound, light, or action that gives information or a warning, to give a signal
词源：来自拉丁语signum，意为“标记，符号”
例句：The red light is a signal to stop.（红灯是停止的信号。）
固定搭配：traffic signal（交通信号），signal strength（信号强度）
近义词：indication, sign, symbol
broad
词性：形容词、副词
中文意思：宽的，广泛的，粗略的
英文释义：having a wide extent from side to side, covering a large area or range of subjects, not detailed or precise
词源：来自古英语brod，意为“宽广的”
例句：She has broad shoulders.（她有宽阔的肩膀。）
固定搭配：broad daylight（光天化日），broad Q&A（广泛的问答）
近义词：wide, extensive, general
compose
词性：动词
中文意思：组成，创作，使平静
英文释义：to make up (something), to create (music, literature, etc.), to calm down or become less excited or angry
词源：来自拉丁语componere，意为“放在一起，组合”
例句：Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.（水由氢和氧组成。）
advertisement
词性：名词
中文意思：广告
英文释义：an announcement that publicizes and promotes a product, service, or event through various media
词源：来自拉丁语的advertere，意为“转向，注意”
例句：I saw an advertisement for a new movie on TV.
固定搭配：advertisement board（广告牌），advertisement campaign（广告活动）
近义词：ad, promotion, commercial
contest
词性：名词/动词
中文意思：竞赛，比赛；争夺，竞争
英文释义：a competition in which people try to do something better than each other; to compete with someone for something
词源：来自拉丁语的contestari，意为“反对，对抗”
例句：She entered a singing contest. / They are contesting the election results.
固定搭配：contestant（参赛者），contest prize（比赛奖品），contest rules（比赛规则）
近义词：competition, rivalry, challenge
martial
词性：形容词
中文意思：军事的，战争的；勇敢的，英勇的
英文释义：related to soldiers, war, or fighting; brave and courageous
词源：来自拉丁语的martialis，意为“战争的”
例句：The country has a strong martial tradition. / He showed martial courage in the face of danger.
固定搭配：martial arts（武术），martial law（戒严令），martial music（军乐）
近义词：military, warlike, brave
madam
词性：名词
中文意思：女士，夫人；女老板，女经理；妓院老板娘
英文释义：a polite way of addressing a woman; a female boss or manager; a woman who owns or manages a brothel
词源：来自法语madame，意为“女士”
例句：Good morning, madam. / The madam of the brothel was arrested by the police.
固定搭配：madam chairperson（女主席），madam president（女总统），madam speaker（女议长）
近义词：lady, ma'am, madame
documentary
词性：名词/形容词
中文意思：纪录片；纪实的，记录性的
英文释义：a film about real events and people; relating to facts rather than opinions or imaginations
词源：来自法语documentaire，意为“文件的，文献的”
例句：Have you ever watched a documentary about wildlife / The book provides a documentary account of the events.
固定搭配：documentary film（纪录片），documentary evidence（书面证据），documentary style（纪实风格）
近义词：film, record, factual
acceptable
词性：形容词
中文意思：可接受的，合意的
英文释义：capable of being accepted or approved
词源：来自拉丁语acceptabilis，意为“能够被接受的”
例句：The proposal is acceptable to everyone.
固定搭配：be acceptable to sb./sth.（对某人/某事可接受）
近义词：agreeable, satisfactory, pleasing
individual
词性：形容词
中文意思：个别的，单独的，独特的
英文释义：relating to one person or thing and not to a group or class
词源：来自拉丁语individuus，意为“不可分割的”
例句：Each individual has their own opinion.
固定搭配：individual effort（个人努力），individual choice（个人选择）
近义词：personal, separate, unique
appreciate
词性：动词
中文意思：欣赏，感激，增值
英文释义：to recognize the quality, value, or significance of something
词源：来自拉丁语appretiare，意为“重视”
例句：I appreciate your help.
固定搭配：appreciate sth./sb.（欣赏某物/某人），appreciate doing sth.（喜欢做某事）
近义词：enjoy, admire, value
expressive
词性：形容词
中文意思：表现的，有表现力的，富有表情的
英文释义：able to show feelings or thoughts clearly
词源：来自拉丁语expressivus，意为“表达出来的”
例句：Her face was very expressive.
固定搭配：be expressive of sth.（表现出某事物）
近义词：emotive, demonstrative, vivid
artistic
词性：形容词
中文意思：艺术的，有艺术才能的，精美的
英文释义：relating to art or artists
词源：来自拉丁语ars，意为“技艺”
例句：She has an artistic talent for painting.
固定搭配：artistic creation（艺术创作），artistic expression（艺术表达）
近义词：creative, artistic, aesthetic
extensively
词性：副词
中文意思：广泛地，大量地
英文释义：in a wide or large way
词源：来自拉丁语的extensus，意为“伸展的”
例句：The company has extensively researched the market before launching the new product.
固定搭配：extensively study/read/travel
近义词：widely, largely, broadly
symbolism
词性：名词
中文意思：象征主义，符号的使用或重要性
英文释义：the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
词源：来自希腊语的symbolon，意为“符号”
例句：The novel is full of symbolism, which makes it difficult to interpret.
固定搭配：political symbolism, literary symbolism, religious symbolism
近义词：allegory, metaphor, allegory
sculptor
词性：名词
中文意思：雕塑家，雕刻师
英文释义：a person who creates sculptures
词源：来自拉丁语的sculptura，意为“雕塑”
例句：The sculptor chiseled the statue out of marble.
固定搭配：famous sculptor, modern sculptor, female sculptor
近义词：carver, modeler, molder
admiration
词性：名词
中文意思：钦佩，赞美
英文释义：a feeling of respect and approval for someone or something
词源：来自拉丁语的admirari，意为“惊奇，钦佩”
例句：She looked at him with admiration when he finished the marathon.
固定搭配：feel admiration for, express admiration, win admiration
近义词：appreciation, esteem, respect
best-selling
词性：形容词
中文意思：畅销的，最畅销的
英文释义：selling very well or in large numbers
词源：来自动词sell和形容词best的组合
例句：This book is a best-seller on the New York Times Best Seller list.
固定搭配：best-selling author, best-selling product, best-selling album
近义词：popular, top-selling, high-demand
permission
词性：名词
中文意思：许可，允许
英文释义：the act of allowing someone to do something or the right to do something
词源：来自拉丁语 "permissio"，意为“允许”
例句：May I have your permission to leave early
固定搭配：grant/ask for permission, with permission
近义词：consent, authorization
threatening
词性：形容词
中文意思：威胁的，恐吓的
英文释义：causing fear or anxiety that harm may come
词源：来自古英语 "threten"，意为“威胁”
例句：The dark clouds threatened a storm.
固定搭配：threatening behavior, threatening letter
近义词：menacing, intimidating
messy
词性：形容词
中文意思：凌乱的，杂乱的
英文释义：not neat or tidy; full of disorder or confusion
词源：来自中古英语 "mesi"，意为“混乱”
例句：My room is always so messy.
固定搭配：messy hair, messy room, messy situation
近义词：disorderly, untidy, chaotic
punishable
词性：形容词
中文意思：应受惩罚的，可处罚的
英文释义：deserving punishment or capable of being punished
词源：来自动词 "punish"，意为“惩罚”
例句：It is punishable by law to drive under the influence of alcohol.
固定搭配：punishable offense, punishable crime, punishable act
近义词：penalizable, inflictable

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