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中考专项-介词 2024年中考英语专项练习
[题型预知]
1. -Oh, my god! I've left my keys in the room. I'll have to get in______the window.
－It's dangerous. You'd better wait for your mom to come back.
A. past B. over C. across D. through
2. -Excuse me,where is the bookstore
－Go_____the bridge. You'll see it on your left.
A. on B. cross C. across D. through
3. It's so cold outside. Remember to close the door_______you when you leave.
A. beside B. before C. with D. behind
4. -What's this______English
－It's a map.
A. on B. in C. to D. for
5. _____free education, more and more poor children can go back to school in the mountain.
A. Without B. Thanks to C. Instead of
6. -Did you have a sports meeting yesterday
－No,we didn't. It was put off_______the heavy rain.
A. instead of B. because of C. as for D. across from
7. Many cities in China,______Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.
A. including B. behind C. without D. beyond
8. -A person's life is like a road________lots of difficulties.
－Yes, so we need positive energy.
A. by B. with C. along D. during
9. -She sold her treasures to cure her mother's illness,even though it was____her own wishes.
－It's so kind______her.
A. against;of B. above;of C. on;for D. for,for
[答案]1-5DCDBB 6-20BABA
[核心精讲]
介词，是一种 词。它 单独在句子中担任成分，需要和名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句构成 ，担任句子的成分。
典型例句：1. We will meet Sunday. （我们将在周日见面。）
典型例句：2. I sit Jim Ann. （我坐在吉姆和安之间。）
典型例句：3. I always think her. （我总是想起她。）
典型例句：4. She’ll wait me. （她会等我的。）
1. 介词的种类和介词短语的用法
1. 介词的种类
介词可分为两种： 介词和 介词。
简单介词: in，on，after，before，at，by，for，from，above，over，under等。
短语介词: out of，in front of，because of，instead of等。
We set the dinner party six thirty.
I broke the lamp the wall. （我打碎了墙上的灯。）
Tom jumped bed. （汤姆从床上跳下来。）
I came back because the rain.
补充：介词可以分为 介词(at)、 介词(on,out of)、 介词(by)、 介词(because of)和其他介词。
2. 介词短语的用法
“介词+名词/代词”形成介词短语，可以作 、 、表语和宾语补足语。
The girl long hair is my elder sister.
Nancy put her MP4 the desk.
（1）介词短语作定语
介词短语作定语时， 。
The mobile phone on the desk is mine.
He bought a villa with fine scenery.
A gentleman in white came into the hall.
比较：比较介词短语作定语与形容词作定语的区别：
a book on the desk（介词短语修饰名词）
an interesting book（形容词修饰名词）
（2）介词短语作状语
介词短语作状语时，修饰 、 、 或者 。
Classes begin at eight. （介词短语修饰 ）
Jane looks younger for her age. （介词短语修饰 ）
To my surprise,Li Ming passed the exam at all. （介词短语修饰 ）
（3）介词短语作表语
He is in danger.
We are against/for you.
The car is in front of the house.
（4）介词短语作宾语补足语
Make yourself at home.
We made Brian out of danger.
2. 表示时间的介词
表示时间的介词如下：
类别 举例
表示年、月、日、时刻 at，on，in
表示时间的前后 before，after
表示期限 by，until，till
表示期间 for，during，through
表示时间的起点 from，since
表示时间的经过 in，within
1. at，on，in
A. ：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
B. on：用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）
C. in：用于表示 、 、 和泛指的 、 、 （指在一段时间内）
lunch在午餐时 at dawn at noon正午时
at that time那时 at night at the moment
at present at nine(o’clock)在9点钟 at first起初，开始的时候
at/ the weekend在周末 at last最后 at the same time
at times at the end of (the) year在年末 at the Spring Festival在春节
at the Lantern Festival at the time of (the) year在一年中的这个时候
on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上
on your birthday在你生日那天 在2023年8月8日
on a fine morning在一个晴朗的早晨 on Children’s Day在儿童节那天
on the New Year’s Eve在除夕 on the night of July (the) first在7月1日的夜晚
in January在一月 in the afternoon在下午 in 2023在2023年
in the morning在上午 in spring in the 21st century在21世纪
注意：在this，last，next，every等词前面 再加其他介词。
this morning今天上午 last Friday上周五 next Sunday下周日
every Monday/week/spring. . . 每周一/每星期/每个春季……
They had a bad harvest that year. （他们那年的收成很差。）
2. before，after
All passengers must arrive at the airport two hours before（ ）the departure time.
He will call me before（ ）he leaves here/before（ ）ten o’clock.
The nights start after（ ）half past five in winter.
Please close the door after（ ）you leave the room.
补充：before,after的用法：既可以作 又可以作 。
3. by，until/till
A. by:
by the end of by six o’clock
by then by next Friday
by the time+从句
Ada had left by the time I arrived.
until/till：
They come back until/till the end of the year. （他们到年底才会回来。）
（come是 ，所以用 ）
I’ll wait for him until he comes here. （wait是 动词，所以用肯定式）
4. for，during，through
A. for：
for可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但最常和完成时连用。
He has lived in Los Angeles for 50 years.
Oh!We have to stay here for an hour. What a waste of time!
切记：for和during的常用短语
for a year一年 for a few days几天
for twenty weeks二十周 during the lesson上课期间
during the war/the night战争期间/夜间
比较：for和during的区别
for之后大多跟表示 、具体 等的数字名词。
during后绝 能跟表数字的名词。
C. through：一直……（从开始到结束）
They played the cards through the night.
5. from，since
A. from：
from表示“从……开始”时，一般都是用词组from. . . to. . .
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.
The meeting will be held at eight.
6. in，within
A. in：过……之后（ 时间）
in大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。
in an hour in a week or so
He will be back in five hours.
They said they would arrive here in a week.
B. within：
within 3 hours 3个小时之内 within a week一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.
比较：in和within的区别
in是以现在为基准，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于 时。
within强调“在……时间内”， 时态限制。
3. 表示场所、方向的介词
①表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，by，near，between，around，opposite等
②表示方向的介词：into，out of，along，across，through，up，down，past等
1. at，in
A. at：在某地点（表示比较 的场所）
at the school gate在学校门口 at the door在门边
at home在家 at the hotel在宾馆
at a factory在一家工厂 at the airport在机场
at the party在聚会上 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
B. in：在某地（表示比较 的场所）
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上
in China在中国 in the street在街上
at table at the table
in hospital in the hospital
in/at church in/at the church
in prison in the prison
2. on，above，over，under，below
A. on：（1）在……上面（有接触面）
on the desk在桌子上面 on the map在地图上
（2）在靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the river在河边
B. above：在……上方（below的反义词）
Our plane flew above the clouds. （我们的飞机在云端上飞行。）
C. over：在……正上方（under的反义词）
There is a light over Li Ming. （李明的头顶有一盏灯。）
补充：over的其他意思
表示“ ”all over the world
表示“ （=more than）”We have over 40 books. 表示“ ，在（那边），在……时间内”
over the wall over there over the night
D. under：在……下面（正下方）
under the table在桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克下
E. below在……下面（不一定是正下方）
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.
3. near，by
A. near：在……附近；靠近
near还可以修饰时间，如in the near future表示“ ”。
Is there a bus stop near here （这附近有公共汽车站吗？）
B. by： （距离比near要近）
by the window by me
补充：“在……旁边”有时也可以用 来表示。
4. between，among，around
A. between：在 之间
Our teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.
B. among：在 人或事物之中
He is very popular among the students.
around：
The earth moves around the sun. （地球围绕太阳转。）
5. in front of，behind，opposite
A. in front of：在……的前面
There is a tree in front of（强调外部）the classroom.
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of（强调内部）the classroom.
比较：in front of和before的区别
两者均表示“在……之前”，但表示 时要用in front of而不用before；before用于表示时间、名单或次序等。（in front of the house在房子前面）
B. behind： （in front of的反义词）
There is a cherry tree behind my house. =There is a cherry tree at the back of my house.
C. opposite：
Our school is opposite a university.
6. in，into，out of，up
A. in：在……之内（用于表示静止的位置）
The students are in the classroom.
B. into：进入（表示有一定的运动方向）
into表示有特定终点的运动的方向，通常用于表示动作的动词之后，如go，come等。
The students ran into the classroom.
C. out of：出来（也表示有一定的运动方向）
The students rushed out of the room excitedly.
D. up：向上，向高处
The children climbed up that tree. （孩子们爬上了那棵树。）
补充：out of的其他含义
表示“在……范围之外”Don’t lean out of the window!
表示“没有，缺少”He has been out of work for a year.
7. along，across，past，through
A. along：沿着，沿着……的边缘
I was walking along the river when it began to rain.
B. across：横过，穿过，越过；在对面
He often swims across the river.
C. past：经过，越过
The hospital is a kilometer past the post office. （医院就在过了邮局一公里处。）
D. through：贯穿，通过
The sun shone through the clouds. （阳光穿过云层照射下来。）
8. to，for，from
A. to：到达……地点（目的地）或方向
I am going on a study trip to Hong Kong. （我打算去香港做一次学习旅行。）
比较：to与towards的区别
to表示到达某地，一般指目的地。towards指方向、朝向，而不是目的地。
He walked towards the gate of the park.
B. for：向……（表示目的地）
for表目的地时，一般是和固定动词搭配。
leave for动身去…… start for出发去
What time does your plane leave for America tomorrow
4. 其他介词
1. with，in，by
A. with：（1）和……在一起
I am going on a package tour to Beijing with my mother.
（2）具有，带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.
说明：“with（+形容词）+名词”构成的介词短语可以作定语，放在其所修饰名词的后面，表示名词的特征。
（3）用某种工具或方法
Lily cut her hand with a knife.
With the teacher’s help I have made progress.
（with one’s help表示“在某人的帮助下”）
B. in：表示用什么材料（如墨水、铅笔等），或用什么语言，或表示衣着、声调特点
She wrote a letter in black ink. （她用黑色的墨水写信。）
Don’t write it in pencil but in ink. （别用铅笔写，用钢笔写。）
Can you speak in English （你能用英语说吗？）
比较：with与in的区别
用with，in表工具或方法，在译成中文时区别不大，但在英语中的用法却不大相同。
用with时，后面的名词要加上 或 。
with my ears用我的耳朵 with a pencil用一支铅笔
用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。
in ink用墨水（钢笔） in pencil用铅笔
C. by：通过……方法/手段
He goes to school by bicycle. （他骑自行车上学。）
Please send the litter by airmail. （这封信请用航空邮寄。）
用in表示时，后面要用 或 ，同样坐公共汽车可以说：in the/a bus坐公共汽车
3. without，like，as
A. without：没有（with的反义词）
I cannot finish the work without her help.
I can’t read this English essay without using a dictionary.
B. like：像……一样
NIt’s not like you to take offence.
比较：be like表示性格、脾气、言行等方面的相像；look like强调外表相像。
Nancy looks like her mother. （南希长得很像她的妈妈。）
C. as：作为
Steven Hawking is famous as a scientist.
They treated me as a hero.
The room is clean and tidy as usual.
4. against，about
A. against：
He is against the plan.
The teacher is standing against the blackboard.
B. about：（1）关于；各处；身旁
Tell me something about your life.
He looked about himself.
I have no money about/with me.
（2）询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议
What about your elder sister （你姐姐情况如何？）
How about going to the Disneyland theme park （去迪士尼主题公园怎么样？）
[配套练习]
一、选择题
1．Tim doesn’t go to school ______ Saturday. ( )
A．at B．in C．on D．for
2． Grandpa! Look __________ my picture. （ ）
A．/ B．at C．with
3．______ Monday we raise our national flag. （ ）
A．In B．On
4．Go the Xinhua road.（ ）
A、along B、with C、from
5．It will windy tomorrow Dalian. ( )
A．is; in B．be; in C．be; for
6．What do you do _______ the Spring Festival. ( )
A．at B．on C．in
7．He gave a present __ his Mum. ( )
A．in B．for C．to
8．Look! A bird is singing the tree. ( )
A．in B．on C．at
9．We have art lessons __________ Monday. ( )
A．in B．for C．on
10．Do you eat dragon cakes _____the Dragon Boat Festival （ ）
A．in B．at C．on
11．Thanks _______ the advice, Kathy.（ ）
A．for
B．in
C．to
12．Welcome ______ Super Show. （ ）
A．to B．for C．in
13．Time _______ bed. We’re going to visit Beijing tomorrow. (　)
A．for B．to C．go to
14．Shandong is _______ the _______ of China.（ ）
A．at; east B．in; east C．at; west D．in; west
15．Three girls the bird a bag. ( )
A．caught to B．catches in C．caught with
16．We have ________ fun things ________ autumn. ( )
A．a few; in B．a little; in C．a few; on
17．— What class do you have ______ 8:00 in the morning ( )
— We have maths .
A．in B．on C．at
18．My uncle came here _______ the evening of October 7th.（ ）
A．on B．in C．at D．for
19．Lisa and I are neighbours. We live ______ Fukang Road. （ ）
A．in B．on C．at
20．They will fly __________ home __________ December 24th. ( )
A．to; at B．back; on C．at; in
21．I’m _____ Class One, Grade Three. ( )
A．in B．on C．at
二、填空题
22．What is your English teacher (like)
23．Look, the man is swimming (cross) the river.
24． July, Alice visited her uncle.
25．—Eddie, walk (cross) Park Road.
—You can see the tigers on the left.
26．It’s time (go) to school. It’s not time lunch.
27．Welcome my classroom. This is (we) new timetable.
28．There is a park (cross) the street.
29．It is (like) Chinese New Year.
30．There are some apples (in) the tree. There is a monkey (in) the tree too.
31．Are there any supermarkets (nearly) your new flat
32．We go (boat) the lake. We can see some fish the lake.
33．The old man walked (behind) the house.
34．—What’s your father (like)
—He’s strict.
35．What about (watch) TV
36．The girl (teach) us English Sunday mornings.
37．We sit (round) tables in China.
38．I have breakfast six o’clock the morning.
39．Lily’s mother is (young) (than) Amy’s mother.
40．That has been my life these past ten years.
[参考答案]
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．A
5．B
6．A
7．C
8．A
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．A
13．A
14．B
15．C
16．A
17．B
18．A
19．B
20．B
21．A
22．like
23．across
24．In
25．across
26． to go for
27． to our
28．across
29．like
30． on in
31．near
32． boating on
in
33．behind
34．like
35．watching
36． teaches on
37．around
38． at in
39． younger than
40．for

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