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对照续写高分句型学案-进行仿写：
一．独立主格
当出现两个动作，而前后两个动作逻辑主语不一致时，便可使用独立主格（主要动作为谓语动词，次要动作为非谓语动词）。独立主格属于高级语法句，在书面语中可以使表达精准、简洁，是老外在书面表达中最常用的一种句型，非常之地道。
举例：她打开信，她的双手在激动地颤抖着。
这里有两个主语(她、她的双手)和分别两个动作（打开、颤抖），我们将打开作为主要动作（谓语动词），颤抖作为次要动作（非谓语的主动形式）。所以可以仿写为：
She opened the letter, her hands trembling with excitement.
翻译练习：
他和爸爸握了握手，两人同时交谈。
He shook hands with his father, both talking at the same time.
随着我的学习被完成，我相信我能达到(live up to)你的期望。
(With) my study completed, I believed I can live up to your expectations.
一个男孩站在门边，双手沾满灰尘。
A boy stood by the door, his hands covered with dirt.
有这么多人帮助她，她迅速地完成了她的工作。
(With) so many people helping her, she quickly finished her work.
他站在那里，感激的泪水在眼眶打转。
He stood there, tears of gratitude welling up in his eyes.
别挡我的路，”蒂姆大声喊道，他的声音愤怒地在震动着。
“Don't stand in my way” Tim yelled out, his voice quivering with rage.
时钟敲响了十二点，我上床了
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
给与更多的时间，我们能按时完成这个工作。
(If) more time given, we can finish the work on time.
仿写练习
1.He cried and his blue eyes was shining behind his glasses.
He cried , his blue eyes was shining behind his glasses.
2.I clasped my hands behind me and I was too shocked to say a word.
I was too shocked to say a word, my hands clasped behind me.
3.The manager sat quietly in the office and his eyes were closed.
The manager sat quietly in the office , his eyes were closed.
4.The boy stood there and his face was rigid with anger.
The boy stood there , his face rigid with anger_
5.As we hugged Ruth good-bye, she said to me, “The day you called, I was still in bed”. Her tears was shining in her eyes.
As we hugged Ruth good-bye, she said to me “The day you called, I was still in bed”, tears shining in her eyes.
常见独立主格归纳
tears welling up in sb’s eyes 眼含泪水
tears streaming down sb’s cheeks 眼泪从脸颊流下
eyes glittering with relief /joy/excitement...眼里闪着
eyes filled with anger/annoyance 眼里满含着
face gleaming with delight 脸上洋溢着
heart beating with happiness/tension... 心砰砰直跳
hands trembling with fear 手颤抖
Arms/ legs /muscles aching and knees shaking胳膊/腿/肌肉酸痛， 膝盖发抖
doing/done..., 主语+谓语...
当出现两个动作，而前后两个动作逻辑主语一致时，可将主要动作作为谓语动词，将次要动作为非谓语动词（分词形式），只保留主要动作的主语。如果逻辑主语和动作为主动关系，用现在分词doing形式；若为被动关系，用过去分词done形式。
举例： 男人无视(ignore)他的话，男人很快走开了。
这里两个动作的主语都是男人，主语相同，只保留一个即可。我们认为走开才是主要动作，所以走开是谓语动词，而无视是非谓语的主动形式。所以可以仿写为：
Ignoring his work, the man walked away quickly.
翻译练习：1. 听了这话，凯瑟琳跑得飞快。
Hearing this, Catherine ran as fast as her leg could carry her.
当我和妈妈一起装饰(decorate)房子时，我不小心摔坏了一个昂贵的花瓶(vase)。
When decorating the house with my mother, I accidentally broke an expensive vase.
意识到我负担(afford)不起继续深造的事实，我不得不停止追逐(chase)我的梦想。
Realizing that I can't afford to continue my further study, I had to stop chasing my dream.
在知道我的英语很好之后，他给了我一份打字的(type)工作，答应(promise)教我计算机，并提供住宿(accommodation)。
After knowing that my English was very good, he gave me a typing job, promised to teach me computer and provided accommodation.
犹豫了一会儿，马克向安妮保证/承诺他会努力学习英语。
Hesitating for a while, Mark promised to Annie that he would work hard at his English.
发现附近有一家诊所，她就进去看看发生了什么事。
Finding a clinic nearby, she went inside to see what happened.
她跪下，轻轻地把女孩抱在怀里。
Kneeling down, she gently held the girl in her arms.
受到老师的责难和大家的嘲笑，他感到相当的不安和沮丧。
Blamed by his teacher and laughed at by everyone, he felt rather upset and depressed.
三．主语+谓语..., doing...
和第二种句型一样，当出现两个动作，而前后两个动作逻辑主语一致时，可将主要动作作为谓语动词，将次要动作为非谓语动词，这个分词就作为伴随状语。
The girl began blowing her whistle, trying to get other’s attention。
主语 谓语（主要动作） 非谓语（次要动作）
翻译练习
妈妈总是鼓励我认真对待教育(take...seriously)，说这是我们成功的唯一途径。
My mother always encourages me to take education seriously, seeing that it is the only way to our success.
那个女人收拾好(pack up)自己的东西，迅速向大门走去。
The woman packed up her things, walking quickly to the door.
他双手捧着头坐着，不相信我的提议(建议).
He sat his head in both hands, not believing my offer.
我站在那里，想知道我有多少次对像这位年轻母亲这样的陌生人做出反应。
I stood there wondering how many times I had reacted to a stranger like the young mother.
四．主+谓1..., 谓2..., and 谓3....
描述一系列的动作。如果是同一个主语做了两个动作以上，可以用这样的结构：主+谓...and(then) 谓...这可以进行大量的动作细节描写，完整的交代过程。
The adults put on performance, chatted, and said their goodbye. （主语做了三个动作）
翻译练习
女孩停止了啜泣(sob)，从女人身边退了(step)回来，开始唱歌。
The girl stopped sobbing, step back from the woman and began to sing.
她登上(board)飞机，坐在座位上，寻找她的书。
She boarded the plane, sat on the seat and searched for her book.
那个女人从他手里抓起最后一块饼干，皱紧眉头怒视(glare at)着他.
That woman grabbed the last cookie from his hand, frowned and glared at him.
五．表情感类的形容词, 主+谓...
情感类的形容词单独拎出来作状语，说明主语的状态，也是老外偏爱的句型。
Eager and excited, she flagged her yellow blouse, trying to attract others' attention.
David kept on running. —>扩句
Confident and determined , David kept on running .前加情绪形容词
Confident and determined , David kept on running, struggling to reach the finish line .后加非谓语
1.Nervous and scared, Peter managed to step onto the stage, starting to deliver his speech.
2.Depressed and helpless, Eric burst in tears,
wondering what to do next.
翻译练习
愤怒和失望, 我转过身面对她。
Furious/angry and disappointed, I turned around to face her.
我站在客厅门口，完全震惊了。
Totally/ Absolutely/Completely shocked/stunned/Startled, I stood at the gate of the living room.
让安妮高兴的是，马克被他的同学包围着，看起来就像是一个摇滚明星，开心和自豪。
To Annie’s delight, surrounded by his classmates, Mark seemed like a rock star, cheerful and proud.
珍妮坐在那，说不出话来，震惊地麻木了。
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock.
极度地担忧着，他们决定在这个地方等他们回来。
Extremely worried, they decided to wait for them at this place.
Determined and inspired (感到坚定和受到鼓舞的）, David raised his head , looking at me with gratitude . （2022全国1卷）
Relieved and delighted(感到放松的和快乐的) , David waved at me immediately after crossing the finish line , conveying his happiness and gratitude . （2022全国1卷）
Surprised and touched (既惊讶又感动), Mr. Alder believed what I said, giving me a second chance. (2023广东一模)
Delighted and excited (感到开心和兴奋的), he received the admission letter from University.
六．动词+副词(ly)
为使动作精准，给读者在不在场时都有强烈的生动的画面感，经常用副词去修饰动词。
她勇敢地靠近他，递给他一串(a bunch of)钥匙。
She bravely approached him, handing him a bunch of keys.
她伸手去握住我的手，深深地望着我的眼睛。
She reached out to hold my hand, looking deeply into my eyes.
“我的姐姐刚刚去世，”她悲伤地说。
“My sister has just passed away” she said sadly.
副词也可单独拎出来放在句首，修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。例如：
难以置信的(难以置信的是), 当他照顾别人时，他感到自己一天比一天强壮。
Incredibly ,when taking care of others ,he felt stronger and stronger day by day.
通常, 在这种尴尬的情况下，没有人会期望她讲话(give speech)。
Usually ,in such an awful situation, no one would expect her to give a speech.
幸运的是，我能从旅馆的一位员工那里借到一把伞。
Fortunately ,I can borrow an umbrella from a personnel of the hotel.
时间状语，主+谓...
时间状语一般放在句末，但有些时间状语放在句首，能使行文连贯，逻辑合理。Shortly(不一会), afterwards(后来), hours later, before long(不久以前), at that moment, after that, after seemingly a long time, in the meanwhile(与此同时), before I knew it...等。
For the first time in her life, Maria felt frightened and alone.
有生以来第一次，玛丽亚感到害怕和孤独。
翻译练习
过了很长一段时间，我父亲告诉我，他将在学校询问(inquire)此事。
After seemingly a lot time ,my father told me that he would inquire about it at school.
最终，突破(breakthrough)出现了：他能够自己呼吸、吃饭和使用iPad。
Eventually/Finally ,a breakthrough emerged; he could breathe, eat and use the ipad himself.
一个月后，马克出现在波特尼的教室里。
A month later, Mark appeared in Portney’s classroom._____
与此同时，特洛和他的妻子跳上汽车紧跟其后。
In the meantime, Trony and his wife jumped into the car and followed.
主谓倒装
倒装是个超级高级的句型，若能在你的作文写对一句，将会提升你的整个档次。
(1)、I could not persuade him to accept it, nor could I make him see the importance of it.
(否定词放句首，后面主谓要倒装) 谓语 主语
He has never heard such a wonderful story. 他从来没有听过这么美妙的故事。
→Never has he heard such a wonderful story.
翻译：Jane在之前的人生中从未体会过如此强烈的后悔之情。(Never…)
Never had Jane experienced such a strong feeling of regret in her former life .
(2)、Only + 状语（介词短语/副词/状语从句），位于句首，部分倒装。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.只有当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
翻译：只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only in this way ,can we learn English well.
(3)、地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词,谓语动词大多是表示走动或状态的不及物动词 go, come, stand, sit, lie等时，完全倒装。
Under the tree sat on an old man. 一位老人坐在树下。
翻译：华山山顶上坐落着(stand)一座寺庙。
At the top of the mountain stands a temple.
(4)、在so/such...that...(如此...以至于)句式中，如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时，部分倒装.
The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，以致于我们只好呆在家里。
=So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
翻译：天这么黑，以至于他看不见同伴的脸。(So…that…)
So dark was it that he couldn’t see his companion’s face.
Jane太累了，以至于她一躺下就很快睡着了。 (So…that…)
So tired was Jenny that she fell asleep as he lied down.
(5)、as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
Although he did try hard, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
→Try hard as he did, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
尽管他很努力的尝试，他却似乎永远不能令人满意地做这项工作。（although改成as）
改写：Though he studied hard, he still failed the exam.
→Studied hard as he did, he still failed the exam._
翻译：
虽然他是个孩子，但他对电脑了解很多。
Kid as he was ,but he know a lot about computer.
[2022广州一模］尽管很焦急和不情愿，我还是按照爸爸的要求去洗碗。
Anxious and reluctant as /though I was, I still went to wash the dishes at Dad’s request.
[2023广东一模］尽管他很害怕和担心，Hector还是告诉了老师发生了什么。
Scared and worried as/though he was ,Hector still told the teacher what had happened.
强调句
I.强调句型：It is/was...that... 强调主语、宾语、状语时常用：It is/was+强调部分+that+其他部分。
1.I had felt so close to my parents for the first time.
强调主语:It was I that had felt so close to my parents for the first time .
强调宾语:It was my parents that I had felt so close to for the first time .
强调状语:It was for the first time that I feel so close to my parents.
II.借助助动词强调谓语动词,常常借助于助动词：do/did/does+动词原形，意为“的确、千万......”
Remember to close the window when leaving.
强调谓语：Do remember to close the window when leaving .
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
决定我们一生的，不是我们的能力，而是我们的选择。
It is our choices that show what we truly are , far more than our abilities.
就是她，不仅激励了残疾人，也激励了无数健康的人。
It is she that inspired not only the disabled but also countless healthy people.
我开始很害怕，但是喊叫确实有用。
I was scared at first , but shouting did help.
无灵主语
无灵主语即将没有生命力的东西做主语。比如时间，地点，自然现象等。常搭配有灵动词使用，即把没有生命力的东西，赋予有生命力的动作。从而增加主语的多样性，使语言更生动化。
表示情感状态的抽象名词作主语
基本表达：I was excited.
(换主语）Excitement seized me.
A wave of excitement surged through me.（一阵兴奋涌上心头)
A sense of excitement took hold of me.(兴奋包围了我）加短语
Instantly , a wave of excitement seized me. 加副词
Instantly , a wave of excitement seized me as I heard the good news.加从句
例句1.Uncontrollably, a wave of nervousness washed over me as I gave my first speech in high School.
2.Instantly, a strong sense of excitement took hold of me when I knew that I was admitted into a key university .
3. Suddenly, a strong wave of fear enveloped him as the bear drew nearer.
翻译练习
当意识到如果没有耐心的说服和鼓励，大卫可能会放弃比赛，我突然感到一种强烈的担忧和焦虑感。 （2022.全国一卷）
Suddenly, a strong sense of worry and anxiety seized me when I realized that David might give up the race without patient persuasion and encouragement.
一种强烈的紧张和不安立刻涌上Hector的心头，当他敲Mr. Adler的门。（2023.广东一模）
Instantly, a strong wave of tension and uneasiness came over Hector when he knocked on Mr. Adler’s door.
当主持人宣布她获奖时，她无法控制地兴奋极了。
A wave of excitement took hold of her when the host announced that she won the prize.
表示身体部位和音容等名词作主语
表示身体部位和音容的常见名词：face脸，laughter笑声，smile微笑
与之对应的动词有：light up（照亮）, brighten（照亮）, linger（继续存留）, well up(涌出）, flash（闪现）
例句1.Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.
当我把礼物送给她时，她喜笑颜开。
2.Laughter lingered around the room.
笑声在房间里萦绕
翻译练习
看到直升飞机，Jane 高兴地笑了起来。
The moment she caught sight of the helicopter, a bright smile lit up Jane’s face/eyes.
他皱起了眉。
A frown stood on his face.
他因尴尬而满脸通红。他窘得脸都红了。
His face flushed /burned with embarrassment/shame.
沉默了一会儿。
Silence continued for some time.
表示时间和地点的名词作主语
当时间和地点名词作主语时，常搭配的动词有：witness(见证）, find, see, boast（有引以为荣的事物）
1.Shanghai has witnessed great changes in recent years.
2.The following year saw the death of his mother.
练习
1. 校园里的大树见证了学生们的成长。
_The trees on campus have witnessed the growth of the students.
上周日下午，我们在操场上见证了排球赛的决赛。
Last Sunday afternoon witnessed the competitive volleyball final on the playground.
3. 过去的经验告诉我们某些成就是无法获得的。
Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
表示行为和动作的名词作主语
常见的表示行为或动作的名词有：sight, thought, glance, look, idea, feeling与之对应的动词有：strike（打）, arouse(唤起），remind, delight, frighten，overwhelm(压倒）
他从未想到做志愿者的经历会对他之后的生活产生如此深远的影响。
It never occurred to him that the experience of a volunteer would have such a profound effect on his later life.
我突然想到了一个快速系中国结的方法。
A quick way to tie a Chinese not occurred to me.
3. 这个故事使我想起了一句谚语“不能以貌取人”。
This story reminds me a saying that “never judge a person by his appearance”.

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