资源简介

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
中国艺术 国画（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
Chinese paintings (guohua) are done using a brush dipped in black ink or colored pigments, usually on paper or silk. Finished works can be mounted on scrolls and hung.
国画用毛笔蘸墨或彩色颜料，通常在纸上或丝绸上作画。完成的作品可以裱在卷轴上挂起来。
In terms of modes of expression, Chinese painting mainly falls into two schools. The Xieyi school, literally meaning “painting the feeling",is marked by exaggerated forms. Another school is called Gongbi,which means meticulous brushwork. It is characterized by the strict and detailed representation of the subject.
在表现方式上，国画主要分为两派。写意派，字面意思是“绘画出感觉”，以夸张的形式为特征。另一派叫工笔，意思是细致的笔法，其特点是严格详细地表现主题。
In terms of subjects and themes, Chinese paintings are classified into three main categories: figure paintings,landscape paintings and flower-and-bird paintings.
在题材和主题上，国画主要分为人物画、山水画和花鸟画三大类。
The time from the Five Dynasties period (907 AD-960 AD) to the Northern Song Dynasty (960 AD-1127 AD) is known as the “Golden Age of Chinese Landscape Painting”。 Using bold strokes and black lines, artists depicted rolling hills, rivers and stones. Others used softer brushwork to paint peaceful scenes of nature, birds and animals.
五代（公元907年一公元960年）至北宋（公元960年－公元1127年）被称为“中国山水画的黄金时代”。艺术家们用大胆的笔触和黑线描绘了起伏的山峦、河流和石头。还有人用柔和的笔触画出自然、鸟类和动物的宁静场景。
The interesting thing is that the symbolism used in the Chinese paintings often puzzles Westerners. Mountains, rivers,plants,animals, birds, flowers, etc., can all be chosen for their traditional associations as much as for their inherent beauty.
有趣的是，国画中使用的象征手法常常令西方人感到困惑。山川、河流、植物、动物、鸟类、花朵等等，人们既可以选择画它们的传统形象，也可以选择画它们的内在美。
Words and Expressions
① pigment n.颜料
② mount vt.镶嵌；安置
③ scroll n.卷轴
④ in terms of 就……而言
⑤ literally adv.按字面；字面上
⑥ meticulous adj.细心的；一丝不苟的
⑦ brushwork n.(画家的）笔触；画法
⑧ stroke n.笔画
⑨ symbolism n.象征手法
⑩ inherent adj.内在的
山水画 landscape paintings
中国水墨画 Chinese ink and wash Paintings
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting in the traditional style is known today in Chinese as guohua, 1 (mean) the “national” or “native” painting. It is different from Western styles of art 2 became popular in China in the 20th century.
One technique of the traditional Chinese painting is ink and wash painting and in Chinese it 3 (call) shuimo. In fact this was an art form practiced 4 gentlemen from the Song Dynasty. This style is also referred to as xieyi or the freehand style.
5 (traditional), the Chinese painting is done on rice paper or thin silk. There are broadly three 6 (subject) for traditional Chinese paintings — portraits (肖像), landscapes (风景), 7 flowers & birds—of which the landscape is the most familiar to people. Therefore the Chinese painting is often known as the landscape painting, or shanshui painting
The landscape painting was regarded as 8 highest form of the Chinese painting, and generally still is. In the north, artists such as Jing Hao 9 (paint) pictures of towering mountains and in the south, Dong Yuan, Juran, and other artists painted the rolling hills and rivers of their native countryside in 10 (peace) scenes.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese fans seem to have special meanings in Chinese culture. I’ve 1 (receive) a number of them as gifts from my Chinese friends. The fans are very pretty. You may have noticed that almost all female figures in 2 (tradition) Chinese paintings carry a silk fan. In the movies of 3 1930s and 1940s, fans are a very visible article for Shanghai women. 4 (usual) the structure of the fans is made of sand wood and the faces are made of silk or paper. Because the fans always have sweet smell, women 5 use them appear even more attractive. Fans are probably one of the most appropriate 6 (expression) of noble female.
Men also use fans. But these fans are quite often much 7 (big). Men’s fans often use valuable materials for that structure and the faces are always 8 (paint) with plants or landscapes. As a result 9 open-door policy, fans have become popular again not for people to use at home, 10 as a gift for foreigners. I heard westerners appreciate these gifts. As fans are small, inexpensive and typically Chinese, many people like to use them as gifts from the overseas trips.
第三部分 话题写作
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆(art gallery)要举办中国画展(Chinese painting exhibition)。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；2. 个人优势；3. 能做的事情。
注意：
1. 词数不少于80；
2. 可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯：
3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
话题语法填空
一、
1．meaning 2．which/that 3．is called 4．by 5．Traditionally 6．subjects 7．and 8．the 9．painted 10．peaceful
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国画的历史和分类。
1．考查现在分词。句意：这种传统风格的绘画在今天的中国被称为“国画”，意思是“民族”或“本土”绘画。分析可知，提示词mean(意思是)作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语guohua之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词表主动。故填meaning。
2．考查定语从句。句意：它不同于20世纪在中国流行的西方艺术风格。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Western styles of art，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
3．考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：水墨画是中国传统绘画的一种技法，在中国被称为水墨。分析可知，所填词为分句中谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处是在叙述事实，应用一般现在时，主语it与动词call之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语it为单数，be动词应用is。故填is called。
4．考查介词。句意：事实上，这是宋朝绅士们练习的一种艺术形式。过去分词practiced表示一种被动关系，名词gentlemen是施动者，在被动语态的中用介词by引出施动者。故填by。
5．考查副词。句意：传统上，中国画是在宣纸或薄丝绸上完成的。分析可知，此处应填副词traditionally作状语，修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Traditionally。
6．考查名词。句意：中国传统绘画大体上有三个主题——肖像、风景和花鸟——其中山水是人们最熟悉的。可数名词subject(主题)是there be句型中的主语，有数词three修饰，用复数形式。故填subjects。
7．考查连词。句意：中国传统绘画大体上有三个主题——肖像、风景和花鸟——其中山水是人们最熟悉的。根据句意可知，portraits, landscapes和flowers & birds之间为并列关系，故应用连词and连接。故填and。
8．考查冠词。句意：山水画被认为是中国画的最高形式, 现在仍然如此。空后的“highest”是形容词的最高级，故此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
9．考查动词时态。句意：在北方，荆浩等画家画的是巍峨的山川，而在南方，董源、朱然等画家画的是家乡乡村连绵起伏的山川，景色宁静。分析可知，提示词为句子的谓语动词，根据句意及并列句时态可知，句子是在讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填painted。
10．考查形容词。句意：在北方，荆浩等画家画的是巍峨的山川，而在南方，董源、朱然等画家画的是家乡乡村连绵起伏的山川，景色宁静。提示词作定语，修饰名词scenes，应用形容词peaceful，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
二、
1．received 2．traditional 3．the 4．Usually 5．who/that 6．expressions 7．bigger 8．painted 9．of 10．but
【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍了关于中国文化中扇子的重要意义。此外，文章还讨论了制作男女扇子所使用的材料，以及扇子作为礼物重新流行的原因。总的来说，文章强调了中国扇子的文化意义和美学吸引力。
1．考查时态。句意：我从我中国朋友那里收到过很多扇子礼物。have+动词过去分词表现在完成时。故填received。
2．考查形容词。句意：在传统的国画中几乎所有的女性都带着丝绸的扇子。修饰Chinese paintings 应用形容词 traditional。故填traditional。
3．考查冠词。句意：在20世纪30年代和40年代的电影中，扇子是上海女性的一个非常显眼的话题。“年代”前用定冠词，故填the。
4．考查副词。句意：通常扇子的结构是由沙木制成的。根据语境，此处使用副词作状语修饰句子，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Usually。
5．考查定语从句。句意：因为扇子总是有香味，使用它们的女性看起来更有吸引力。先行词为women，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为who或者that。故填who/that。
6．考查名词的数。句意：扇子大概是表达高贵女性最合适的一种方式了。one of+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……的之一”。故填expressions。
7．考查形容词比较级。句意：男性使用的扇子实际上(比女性的)大得多。much+比较级，故填bigger。
8．考查过去分词。句意：男性扇子通常使用有价值的材料来制作这种结构，而且扇面上通常画有植物或风景。扇面faces和paint之间是被动关系，故填paint的过去分词painted。故填painted。
9．考查介词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，不是人们在家里使用，而是作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查短语as a result of,意为“由于”。故填of。
10．考查连词。句意：由于开放政策，扇子再次流行起来，不是人们在家里使用，而是作为送给外国人的礼物。此处考查连词not. . . but. . . ,意为“不是……而是……，故填but。
话题写作
One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China during this summer vacation. I’m delighted to learn that volunteer students are wanted for a Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the local art gallery. Now I’m writing to apply for the position.
The reasons for my application are as follows. First of all, having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate freely with others in English. What’s more, years of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, which will help a lot to keep the exhibition in order. The most important factor is that my related knowledge will undoubtedly help the audience learn more about the unique Chinese art form.
All in all, my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer. I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生写一封信申请做伦敦美术馆中国画展的志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted →glad/happy
而且：what’s more →furthermore
杰出的：brilliant →excellent
总的说来：All in all→On the whole
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China during this summer vacation.
拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is an exchange student from China during this summer vacation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m delighted to learn that volunteer students are wanted for a Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the local art gallery. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]What’s more, years of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, which will help a lot to keep the exhibition in order.(运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)

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