资源简介

《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》
(
原题呈现
)专题05 阅读理解C篇 (二次开发+微技能+名校模拟拟) 解析版
变式方向：词形转换;高考考点;熟词新意;态度推断题技巧;人际关系话题
阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,争论的意义,人际关系,人际沟通,和谐相处,社会热点
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
(
答案解析
)
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文（偏议论性质），作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。
(
核心词汇
背诵
)
一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）
1. conclusion n. 结论
2. argument n. 争论
3. distaste n. 不喜欢；反感
4. mistaken a. 错误；不正确
5. social a. 社会的；社交的
6. physical a. 身体的；物理的
7. bloodied a. 血染的；有血的
8. competition n.竞赛；竞争
9. say vt. 说话；比方说
10. tournament n. 锦标赛
11. opponent n.对手
12. position n.位置；姿势；立场
13. claim vt. 声称；认领；夺取生命
14. honestly ad.诚实地
15. stand n. 立场；观点
16. fully ad. 充分地
17. assess vt. 评估
18. strength n.力量；优势
19. weakness n. 弱点
20. divide vt. 分割
21. disagree vi. 不同意
22. readjust vt. 重新调整
23. verbal a. 文字的；言语的
24. critical a.批判的；关键的；严重的
25. supportive a. 支持的
26. tolerant a. 宽容的
27. uncertain a. 无把握的
28. lack vt. 缺乏
29. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
30. conclude vt. 推断出；结束
31. solid a. 坚硬的；结实的
32. evidence n. 证据，证词
33. proper a. 合适的
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1. come to the conclusion得出结论
2. get the best of 占上风，战胜
3. depend on 依赖于
4. miss the point 抓不着要点
5. end up 最后落得
6. be well off 经济富裕
7. back and forth 来来回回地
8. spell out 详加说明
9. disagree with sb不同意某人（的观点）
10. one’s attitude towards …对……态度
11. be confident in…对……有信心
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1.in the wild 在野外
2.feed on 以……为食物
3.play a function in在…中起作用
4.watch out for 小心提防
5.react to 对……作出反应
6.take flight 逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive to 对…有反应
8.be subject to sth 受支配；常遭受…
9.expose…to… 暴露于
10.at a young age 在年轻时
11.avoind doing 避免做某事
12.call for 要求，需要
(
考点变式训练
)
一、词类转换（酌情删减）
1.conclude vt. 推断→conclusion n. 结论
2. mistake n. 错误 →mistaken a. 错误；不正确
3. compete vi.竞赛；竞争→competition n.竞赛；竞争→competitor n.对手
4. full a. 圆满的→fully ad. 充分地
5. strong a.力量；优势→strength n.力量；优势
6. supportive vt.支持→supportive a.支持的
7. tolerate vt. 容忍→tolerant a.容的
8. evident n. 明显的→evidence n.证据，证词
二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）
1. conclusion n. 结论
2. argument n. 争论
3. distaste n. 不喜欢；反感
4. mistaken a. 错误；不正确
5. social a. 社会的；社交的
6. physical a. 身体的；物理的
7. bloodied a. 血染的；有血的
8. competition n.竞赛；竞争
9. say vt. 说话；比方说
10. tournament n. 锦标赛
11. opponent n.对手
12. position n.位置；姿势；立场
13. claim vt. 声称；认领；夺取生命
14. honestly ad.诚实地
15. stand n. 立场；观点
16. fully ad. 充分地
17. assess vt. 评估
18. strength n.力量；优势
19. weakness n. 弱点
20. divide vt. 分割
21. disagree vi. 不同意
22. readjust vt. 重新调整
23. verbal a. 文字的；言语的
24. critical a.批判的；关键的；严重的
25. supportive a. 支持的
26. tolerant a. 宽容的
27. uncertain a. 无把握的
28. lack vt. 缺乏
29. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
30. conclude vt. 推断出；结束
31. solid a. 坚硬的；结实的
32. evidence n. 证据，证词
33. proper a. 合适的
三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）
1. come to the conclusion得出结论
2. get the best of 占上风，战胜
3. depend on 依赖于
4. miss the point 抓不着要点
5. end up 最后落得
6. be well off 经济富裕
7. back and forth 来来回回地
8. spell out 详加说明
9. disagree with sb不同意某人（的观点）
10. one’s attitude towards …对……态度
11. be confident in…对……有信心
四、单句填空（核心考点习题化）
1. In his 1936 work, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the ____________(conclude) that there is only one way ____________(get) the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.”
2. This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a ____________(mistake) view of arguments that ____________(cause) problems for our personal and social lives.
3. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, ____________ is how we often think of them.
4. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides____________(bloody) .
5. Even when you win, you end up no ____________(well) off.
6. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just ____________(competition) — like, say, tennis tournaments.
7. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth ____________ one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses.
8. This kind of thinking explains ____________ so many people try to avoid arguments.
9. However, there are ways to win an ____________(argue) every time.
10. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and ____________(honest) ask yourself whether your argument is any good.
11. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument ____________(full).
12. Assess its ____________(strong) and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies.
13. This method will require effort, ____________ practice will make you better at it.
【参考答案】
1. conclusion, to get 2. mistaken, causes 3. which 4. bloodied 5. better 6. competitions 7. until 8 why.9. argument 10. honestly 11. fully 12. strength 13. but
五、熟词新意(defend用法)
1. Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
2. A lot of lost property is never claimed.
3. The car crash claimed three lives.
4. She was too weak to stand.
5. I stood the little girl on a chair so that she could see.
6. The castle stands on the site of an ancient battlefield.
7. The tower stands 30 metres high.
8. She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
9. Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures.
10. He was criticized for his tough stand on immigration.
11. They set up a stand to sell cooked sausages.
【参考答案】
1. vt. 宣称；声称2. vt. 索取；认领3. vt. 夺走，夺去（生命）4. vi.站立5. vt. 使直立；竖放 6. vi. 位于（某处） 7. vi. 高度为；高达 8. vt.（尤用于否定句和疑问句）容忍，忍受 9. vt. （尤与can或could连用）经受，承受，经得起 10. n态度；立场；观点 11. n. 摊位
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）
1. This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments [that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place].
【翻译】这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题，而且在很多方面都没有抓住争论的重点。
【分析】that causes problems…引导定语从句，修饰先行词arguments；定语从句由and连接两个并列的谓语动词；主句部分是but连接的并列句。
2. These tools can help you win every argument [— not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them].
【翻译】这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是从击败对手的无益意义上，而是从更好的意义上了解人们的分歧，了解他们为什么不同意我们的观点，并学会与他们交谈和合作。
【分析】These tools can help you win every argument是一个“主谓宾”结构的简单句；后边破折号部分期解释说明作用，not…but….连接两个介词短语；but之后由三个learning, learn…and learning…是平行结构。
3. If we readjust our view of arguments [— from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other —] then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
【翻译】如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口头斗争或网球比赛到一场理性的交流，通过这种交流我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
【分析】两个破折号部分相当于插入语，through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other是定语从句，修饰先行词exchange；主体部分是一个if引起的条件状语从句+主句 结构的主从复合句。
(
2023年四省联考
)
For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙)patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签)by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out- until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarchs flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies, ”James says. Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed, ” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too. ”
28. What was hard for David to do in his study
A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers.
C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarchs.
29. Why are the butterflies tagged before being released
A. To guarantee their safety.
B. To enable them to fly longer distances.
C. To track their travel routes.
D. To distinguish them from other species.
30. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A. The patience the butterflies showed.
B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C. The transformation of the butterflies.
D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The impact of the research.
B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners.
D. The life cycle of the butterflies.
(
答案解析
)
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了David James想要研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙，但是很难找到足够可以跟踪的蝴蝶，华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯帮助饲养蝴蝶，然后打上包括邮箱地址的标签放飞， James收到了来自发现蝴蝶的人们的信息，从而让研究工作顺利进行，这项工作帮助研究人员确定了理想的种植马利筋和其他植被的地方，这些植被对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶蝶的生命周期很重要，也激发了一些囚犯温和的一面。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签)by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely.( 蝴蝶的飞行路线几乎不为人知，因为它们的数量太少，无法跟随。詹姆斯说，每200只被研究人员标记的帝王蝴蝶，通常只有一只在旅行结束时被找到，而在野外找到200只帝王蝶也不太可能。)”可知，对于戴维来说，研究中最困难的是找到足够的黑脉金斑蝶。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay. ( 这些标签包括电子邮件地址，在第一批蝴蝶起飞后不久，詹姆斯开始收到发现它们的人发来的信息。报道证实，这些蝴蝶在加州沿海过冬。其中12只降落在圣克鲁斯的Lighthouse Field State Beach。更多的前往Bolinas和Morro Bay。)”可推断，在释放之前给这些蝴蝶打上标签是为了跟踪它们的旅行路线。故选C。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. ‘They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies,’James says. Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men.‘This butterfly changed,’James recalls prisoners telling him, ‘and maybe we can too.’(它也带来了一些囚犯的温和的一面。“他们非常担心他们会伤害蝴蝶,”詹姆斯说。看着黑脉金斑蝶改变他们的形式也感动了这些男人。“这只蝴蝶改变了,”詹姆斯回忆说,囚犯告诉他,“也许我们也可以。”)”可知，蝴蝶的改变感动了这些囚犯，他们觉得蝴蝶可以变形，他们也可以改变，因此可知是蝴蝶的改变让囚犯感觉自己也可以改变。故选C。
31.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners.( 这项工作帮助研究人员确定理想了的种植马利筋和其他植被的地方，这些植被对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶蝶的生命周期很重要。它也激发了一些囚犯温和的一面。)”可推断，本段主要讲述这项研究工作的影响。故选A。
(
解题指导
)
态度观点态度类试题解题指导
态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：
第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；
第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；
第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的
客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的
消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的
考例1（2023年全国甲卷C篇）
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiners book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
考例2 （2021年新高考I卷D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解题导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。
32. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。
33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。
34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“The most positive aspect of this popularization...”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。
(
历年真题
速递
)
1（2018·全国·高考真题）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
2．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci
A．Showing good manners. B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic. D．Making business deals.
3．What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk
A．It improves family relationships. B．It raises people’s confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk. D．It makes people feel good.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
1．主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
2（2024·浙江·统考高考真题）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
5．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
6．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
7．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
3（2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
10．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
11．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
12．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
(
名校好题速递
)
4（2023·云南昆明·昆明一中校考一模）Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courageto Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can’t go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and touchy topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’ expectations. It’s a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it’s easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced perspectives in the arguments. You’ll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarising (两极化的) and I certainly don’t agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that’s the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to spark a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
13．Which category does the book belong to
A．Classic literature. B．Science fiction.
C．Philosophy theory. D．Self improvement.
14．Which statement might the philosopher character agree with
A．People can take charge of their life course.
B．People are free of the influence of their past.
C．People should hide their eagerness to change.
D．People ought to take their limitations seriously.
15．How does the book develop
A．By presenting dialogues. B．By making comparisons.
C．By arguing theoretically. D．By listing adequate data.
16．Why is the book popular with readers
A．It shows ideas in plain language. B．It offers balanced sides to the topics.
C．It displays the scientific statistics. D．It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courageto Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can’t go past. (最近，我被一些书所吸引，它们能激励我审视自己，并希望能让我成为一个更好的“我”。Ichiro Kishimi和Fumitake Koya合著的《被讨厌的勇气》有着让我无法忽视的书名。)”和最后一段中的“The Courage to Be Disliked is there to spark a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching. (《被讨厌的勇气》可以激发你和自己的对话，做一些稍微不舒服的自我反省。)”可知，书籍《被讨厌的勇气》激励读者自我反思，成为更好的自己，因此属于自我提升类书籍。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’ expectations. (哲学家的角色坚持Adler的理论，并解释了我们如何有能力决定自己的生活，不受过去经验和他人期望的影响。)”可知，书中的哲学家认为人有能力决定自己的生活。因此，他应该会赞同的观点是“人们可以主导自己的人生道路”。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. (这些通常很复杂的话题在两人之间以对话的方式展开。)”可知，这本书是通过呈现对话的方式展开的。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced perspectives in the arguments. (这本书受到读者的广泛欢迎，主要是因为它在论证中呈现了两个平衡的观点。)”可知，这本书受欢迎是因为它为话题提供了平衡的观点。故选B。
5（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考模拟预测）If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well being.
According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self critical if they believe they haven’t met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilt and shame if they experience failures, which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried they might fail.
In one study, researchers looked at a total of 284 studies (with over 57，000 participants) and found that perfectionism was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress.
In an article published in 2016, researchers looked at how perfectionism and depression were related over time. They found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may be a risk factor for developing depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mental health.
Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being less successful. In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run.
17．Why does the author describe the scene in the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make comparisons.
C．To support the author’s argument. D．To define a concept.
18．Who can be defined as a perfectionist
A．A person who is determined to achieve high goals.
B．A person who tends to feel sorry for what he has done.
C．A person who blames himself for not being that successful.
D．A person who holds high standards for themselves.
19．How can perfectionism be harmful
A．It may lower one’s mental health.
B．It reflects one’s psychological level.
C．It results in depression immediately.
D．It stops one from recovering from depression.
20．What will be discussed in the following paragraph
A．A call for not being a perfectionist.
B．Another side effect of perfectionism.
C．Why perfectionism is harmful.
D．How to avoid perfectionism.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，追求完美会对身心健康产生严重后果。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past.（你可能很难交论文，为工作中的项目感到苦恼，甚至担心过去的小错误。）”和“And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well-being.（正如一些研究人员所发现的，追求完美会对身心健康产生严重后果。）”可知，第一段描述的“你可能很难交论文，为工作中的项目感到苦恼，甚至担心过去的小错误”这一场景就是为了引出文章主题——追求完美不利于身心健康。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self critical if they believe they haven’t met these standards.（据研究人员称，完美主义者坚持不切实际的高标准，如果他们认为自己没有达到这些标准，就会自我批评。）”可知，为自己没有那么成功而自责的人属于完美主义者。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段“They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress.（他们还发现，完美主义程度更高的人，即那些更认同完美主义特征的参与者，也报告了更高水平的总体心理压力。）”以及第四段“In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mental health.（换句话说，尽管人们可能认为完美主义有助于他们成功，但似乎他们的完美主义实际上可能对他们的心理健康有害。）”可知，完美主义的害处在于会降低心理健康水平。故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior （既然完美主义与消极结果相关，那么有完美主义倾向的人可以做些什么来改变他们的行为呢？）”可知，文章接下来会就如何避免完美主义给出具体建议。故选D。
6（2023·重庆·模拟预测）Arguments is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session — are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafés have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafés appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafés, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafés all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafés wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
21．What are people encouraged to do at the caféLa Chope
A．Learn a new course. B．Contact friends.
C．Show off their knowledge. D．Convey their true feelings.
22．How are cafés affected by French lifestyle changes
A．They are less visited. B．They stay open for longer hours.
C．They have more people at night. D．They begin to offer fast food.
23．What are theme cafés expected to do
A．Create more jobs. B．Provide better drinks.
C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the community.
24．Why are psychology cafés accepted by so many people
A．They bring people true friendship. B．They give people spiritual support.
C．They help people achieve their dreams. D．They connect all kinds of businesses.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在法国心理咖啡馆逐渐流行起来，在这里人们被鼓励表达自己的真实情感，从而得到慰藉。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.”（在这里，他们正在学习接触自己的真实感受。）可知，在这个咖啡馆，人们被鼓励表达自己的真实情感。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the years, Parisian cafés have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.”（多年来，巴黎咖啡馆成为了法国人生活方式变化的牺牲品——工作时间变长，快餐热潮兴起，年轻一代希望有更多时间待在家里。）可知，因为法国人生活方式的变化，咖啡馆的顾客减少，生意大不如前。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dozens of new theme cafés appear to change the situation.”（许多新的主题咖啡似乎改变了这种状况。）可知，主题咖啡馆的目的是改变现状，拯救日渐惨淡的咖啡馆生意。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是其中的“The city’s psychology cafés, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places.”（这个城市的心理咖啡馆提供极大的舒适感，是最受欢迎的地方之一。）可知，在心理咖啡馆里，人们被鼓励表达自己真实的情感，表达沟通的需求被满足。由此推知，心理咖啡馆受欢迎的原因是顾客在那里能够得到精神上的慰藉。故选B项。
7（2023·安徽蚌埠·统考模拟预测）Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages!
In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: Hone Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version of Google Translate.
All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and understand. Elephants for example talk with each other using infrasound (次声波) —far below our human hearing range. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to attract baby coral to safer areas to grow. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.
After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning, according to the news website Vox. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things: food, sleep positions, occupation of personal space, and unwanted advances.
This technology can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance route to tell the bees where the nectar (花蜜) was, Vox reported.
25．What is Karen Bakker’s new book mainly about
A．How AI helps translate animals’ sounds.
B．Why AI can help people research animals.
C．How AI helps people do translations better.
D．Why animals need help from human beings.
26．What do we know about the sounds made by animals
A．No sounds by animals can be heard by humans.
B．The sounds guarantee animals safer areas to live.
C．Corals have ears to send and receive sound waves.
D．Elephants’ sound waves are beyond human hearing.
27．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The arguments of bats.
B．The recording of animal sounds.
C．The contents of the news website.
D．The findings of AI translation.
28．How could scientists tell bees where the nectar was
A．By learning the bee language.
B．By creating a route with AI system.
C．By employing a robot bee as their guide.
D．By asking a robot bee to teach them dance.
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．D 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了能听懂动物语言的人工智能技术。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: Hone Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version of Google Translate.(在Karen Bakker教授的新书《生命之声：数字技术让我们更接近动植物世界》中，她谈到了人工智能如何帮助我们制作动物版的谷歌翻译。)”可知，Karen Bakker的新书主要讲的是人工智能如何帮助翻译动物的声音。故选A。
26．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and understand. Elephants for example talk with each other using infrasound (次声波) —far below our human hearing range. (在动物王国里，有一些我们很难听懂的声音。例如，大象用次声交流——远低于人类的听觉范围。)”可知，大象的声波是人类听不见的。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning, according to the news website Vox. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things: food, sleep positions, occupation of personal space, and unwanted advances.(据新闻网站Vox报道，在声音被录下来后，人工智能可以研究它们的意思。例如，以色列研究人员使用人工智能来翻译蝙蝠的1.5万种叫声。他们发现，超过60%的争论是关于四件事:食物、睡眠姿势、占用个人空间和不必要的挑逗。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能翻译的发现。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance route to tell the bees where the nectar (花蜜) was, Vox reported.(因此，德国的一个研究小组将蜜蜂语言人工智能系统植入了机器人蜜蜂。据Vox报道，他们要求机器人创造一条舞蹈路线，告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。)”可知，科学家通过用一只机器蜜蜂做他们的向导来告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故选C。
8（2023·安徽·校联考三模）Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available, kids can get distressed(苦恼的)and feel hurt, rejected, or ignored. They may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone. They may even stop trying to compete for their parent’s attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
“There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition. Parents need to communicate that their kids are valuable and important, and children need to know that parents care what they’re doing,” explains Crnic, a psychologist. “Kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three. Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get them excited,” he adds.
Dr. Carol Metzler, who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute, explains, “They’re watching you to see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it. Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or other challenging times. If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive(攻击性的)themselves, children can copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade.”
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “trigger off”
A．Set off. B．Burst into.
C．Consist of. D．Dive for.
30．Why does Metzler think it tough to respond to kids sensitively in Paragraph 4
A．Because kids are unable to make out their parents’ arguments.
B．Because parents are too sensitive to train kids to be aggressive.
C．Because kids can not copy their parents’ behavior on these occasions.
D．Because parents have to control their feelings and teach it to their kids.
31．What’s the text mainly about
A．Parents should not be bad-tempered in front of their kids.
B．Parents should consistently develop their problem solving skills.
C．Parents should engage with kids and respond to them positively.
D．Parents should continuously upgrade their language and emotions.
32．What will the writer probably talk about next
A．The way to train kids to be confident.
B．The way to train kids’ abilities to deal with matters.
C．The way to train kids to self-regulate their emotions.
D．The way to train kids’ abilities to be sensitive and responsibe.
【答案】29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要与孩子建立密切的联系并积极地影响孩子。
29．词义猜测题。根据第一自然段“Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety. (现代生活中充满了会影响你对孩子敏感和反应能力的事情。其中包括额外的工作、睡眠不足以及移动设备等。一些专家担心这些事情会对情感纽带、儿童语言发展、社交和安全trigger off影响。)”可知，本段主要讲述了影响父母理解、体恤孩子并积极回应孩子能力的事物及其所引发的后果。划线词所在句为定语从句，意为“这些事物所产生的影响”，修饰effects，由此可推知，画线短语与A项“set off(引起)”意思相近。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第四自然段“Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or other challenging times. (父母需要成为良好的自我调节者。你不仅试图在当下调节自己的情绪，还帮助孩子学会管理自己的情绪和行为。在孩子发脾气、争吵或其他具有挑战性的时候，你很难以敏感的态度回应他们。)”可知， 在第4段中，Metzler 认为对孩子们做出敏感的回应很困难，这是因为父母在这些时候不仅要自我调节情绪，还要帮助孩子学会管控情绪和行为。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。本文首段和第二段提出了现代生活中的一些事物会影响父母与孩子建立密切的联系并回应孩子，以及由此而引发的对孩子的负面影响；第三段讲述了孩子的成长过程中需要父母的陪伴与认同；第四段讲述了孩子在情绪和行为方面会效仿父母以及父母应当避免负面的情绪和行为被孩子效仿；末段讲述了父母还应教会孩子解决实际问题的技能。由此可知，文章主要讲了父母应该与孩子互动，并积极回应他们。故《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》
(
原题呈现
)专题05 阅读理解C篇 (二次开发+微技能+名校模拟) 原卷版
变式方向：词形转换;高考考点;熟词新意;态度推断题技巧;人际关系话题
阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,争论的意义,人际关系,人际沟通,和谐相处,社会热点
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
(
核心词汇
背诵
)
一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）
1. conclusion n. 结论
2. argument n. 争论
3. distaste n. 不喜欢；反感
4. mistaken a. 错误；不正确
5. social a. 社会的；社交的
6. physical a. 身体的；物理的
7. bloodied a. 血染的；有血的
8. competition n.竞赛；竞争
9. say vt. 说话；比方说
10. tournament n. 锦标赛
11. opponent n.对手
12. position n.位置；姿势；立场
13. claim vt. 声称；认领；夺取生命
14. honestly ad.诚实地
15. stand n. 立场；观点
16. fully ad. 充分地
17. assess vt. 评估
18. strength n.力量；优势
19. weakness n. 弱点
20. divide vt. 分割
21. disagree vi. 不同意
22. readjust vt. 重新调整
23. verbal a. 文字的；言语的
24. critical a.批判的；关键的；严重的
25. supportive a. 支持的
26. tolerant a. 宽容的
27. uncertain a. 无把握的
28. lack vt. 缺乏
29. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
30. conclude vt. 推断出；结束
31. solid a. 坚硬的；结实的
32. evidence n. 证据，证词
33. proper a. 合适的
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1. come to the conclusion得出结论
2. get the best of 占上风，战胜
3. depend on 依赖于
4. miss the point 抓不着要点
5. end up 最后落得
6. be well off 经济富裕
7. back and forth 来来回回地
8. spell out 详加说明
9. disagree with sb不同意某人（的观点）
10. one’s attitude towards …对……态度
11. be confident in…对……有信心
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1.in the wild 在野外
2.feed on 以……为食物
3.play a function in在…中起作用
4.watch out for 小心提防
5.react to 对……作出反应
6.take flight 逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive to 对…有反应
8.be subject to sth 受支配；常遭受…
9.expose…to… 暴露于
10.at a young age 在年轻时
11.avoind doing 避免做某事
12.call for 要求，需要
(
考点变式训练
)
一、词类转换（酌情删减）
1.conclude vt. 推断→ n. 结论
2. mistake n. 错误 → a. 错误；不正确
3. compete vi.竞赛；竞争→ n.竞赛；竞争→ n.对手
4. full a. 圆满的→fully ad. 充分地
5. strong a.力量；优势→ n.力量；优势
6. supportive vt.支持→ a.支持的
7. tolerate vt. 容忍→ a.容的
8. evident n. 明显的→ n.证据，证词
二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）
1. conclusion n.
2. argument n.
3. distaste n.
4. mistaken a.
5. social a.
6. physical a.
7. bloodied a.
8. competition n.
9. say vt.
10. tournament n.
11. opponent n.
12. position n.
13. claim vt.
14. honestly ad.
15. stand n.
16. fully ad.
17. assess vt.
18. strength n.
19. weakness n.
20. divide vt.
21. disagree vi.
22. readjust vt.
23. verbal a.
24. critical a.
25. supportive a.
26. tolerant a.
27. uncertain a.
28. lack vt.
29. ignore vt.
30. conclude vt.
31. solid a.
32. evidence n.
33. proper a.
三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）
1. come to the conclusion
2. get the best of
3. depend on
4. miss the point
5. end up
6. be well off
7. back and forth
8. spell out
9. disagree with sb
10. one’s attitude towards …
11. be confident in…
四、单句填空（核心考点习题化）
1. In his 1936 work, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the ____________(conclude) that there is only one way ____________(get) the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.”
2. This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a ____________(mistake) view of arguments that ____________(cause) problems for our personal and social lives.
3. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, ____________ is how we often think of them.
4. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides____________(bloody) .
5. Even when you win, you end up no ____________(well) off.
6. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just ____________(competition) — like, say, tennis tournaments.
7. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth ____________ one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses.
8. This kind of thinking explains ____________ so many people try to avoid arguments.
9. However, there are ways to win an ____________(argue) every time.
10. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and ____________(honest) ask yourself whether your argument is any good.
11. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument ____________(full).
12. Assess its ____________(strong) and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies.
13. This method will require effort, ____________ practice will make you better at it.
五、熟词新意(defend用法)
1. Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
2. A lot of lost property is never claimed.
3. The car crash claimed three lives.
4. She was too weak to stand.
5. I stood the little girl on a chair so that she could see.
6. The castle stands on the site of an ancient battlefield.
7. The tower stands 30 metres high.
8. She couldn't stand being kept waiting.
9. Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures.
10. He was criticized for his tough stand on immigration.
11. They set up a stand to sell cooked sausages.
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）
1. This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments [that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place].
【翻译】这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题，而且在很多方面都没有抓住争论的重点。
【分析】that causes problems…引导________从句，修饰先行词arguments；定语从句由________连接两个并列的谓语动词；主句部分是________连接的并列句。
2. These tools can help you win every argument [— not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them].
【翻译】这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是从击败对手的无益意义上，而是从更好的意义上了解人们的分歧，了解他们为什么不同意我们的观点，并学会与他们交谈和合作。
【分析】These tools can help you win every argument是一个“________”结构的简单句；后边破折号部分期解释说明作用，not…but….连接两个介词短语；but之后由三个learning, learn…and learning…是________结构。
3. If we readjust our view of arguments [— from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other —] then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
【翻译】如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口头斗争或网球比赛到一场理性的交流，通过这种交流我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
【分析】两个破折号部分相当于插入语，through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other是________从句，修饰先行词exchange；主体部分是一个if引起的条件状语从句+主句 结构的主从复合句。
(
2023年四省联考
)
For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙)patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签)by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out- until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10, 000 monarchs flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies, ”James says. Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed, ” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too. ”
28. What was hard for David to do in his study
A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers.
C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarchs.
29. Why are the butterflies tagged before being released
A. To guarantee their safety.
B. To enable them to fly longer distances.
C. To track their travel routes.
D. To distinguish them from other species.
30. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A. The patience the butterflies showed.
B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C. The transformation of the butterflies.
D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The impact of the research.
B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners.
D. The life cycle of the butterflies.
(
解题指导
)
态度观点态度类试题解题指导
态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：
第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；
第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；
第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的
客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的
消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的
考例1（2023年全国甲卷C篇）
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiners book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A. Its views on history are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers.
D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
考例2 （2021年新高考I卷D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
(
历年真题
速递
)
1（2018·全国·高考真题）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
2．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci
A．Showing good manners. B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic. D．Making business deals.
3．What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk
A．It improves family relationships. B．It raises people’s confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk. D．It makes people feel good.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence
2（2024·浙江·统考高考真题）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
5．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
6．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
7．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
3（2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people’s errors. D．The design of Galton’s experiment.
10．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent
11．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.
12．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
(
名校好题速递
)
4（2023·云南昆明·昆明一中校考一模）Recently I’ve been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better “me”. The Courageto Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can’t go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and touchy topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others’ expectations. It’s a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it’s easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced perspectives in the arguments. You’ll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarising (两极化的) and I certainly don’t agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that’s the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to spark a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
13．Which category does the book belong to
A．Classic literature. B．Science fiction.
C．Philosophy theory. D．Self improvement.
14．Which statement might the philosopher character agree with
A．People can take charge of their life course.
B．People are free of the influence of their past.
C．People should hide their eagerness to change.
D．People ought to take their limitations seriously.
15．How does the book develop
A．By presenting dialogues. B．By making comparisons.
C．By arguing theoretically. D．By listing adequate data.
16．Why is the book popular with readers
A．It shows ideas in plain language. B．It offers balanced sides to the topics.
C．It displays the scientific statistics. D．It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
5（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考模拟预测）If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well being.
According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self critical if they believe they haven’t met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilt and shame if they experience failures, which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried they might fail.
In one study, researchers looked at a total of 284 studies (with over 57，000 participants) and found that perfectionism was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress.
In an article published in 2016, researchers looked at how perfectionism and depression were related over time. They found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may be a risk factor for developing depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mental health.
Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being less successful. In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run.
17．Why does the author describe the scene in the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make comparisons.
C．To support the author’s argument. D．To define a concept.
18．Who can be defined as a perfectionist
A．A person who is determined to achieve high goals.
B．A person who tends to feel sorry for what he has done.
C．A person who blames himself for not being that successful.
D．A person who holds high standards for themselves.
19．How can perfectionism be harmful
A．It may lower one’s mental health.
B．It reflects one’s psychological level.
C．It results in depression immediately.
D．It stops one from recovering from depression.
20．What will be discussed in the following paragraph
A．A call for not being a perfectionist.
B．Another side effect of perfectionism.
C．Why perfectionism is harmful.
D．How to avoid perfectionism.
6（2023·重庆·模拟预测）Arguments is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session — are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafés have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafés appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafés, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lover, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehance’s group just to learn to say what they feel. There’s a strong need in Paris for communication, says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chope regular who works as religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafés all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafés wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
21．What are people encouraged to do at the caféLa Chope
A．Learn a new course. B．Contact friends.
C．Show off their knowledge. D．Convey their true feelings.
22．How are cafés affected by French lifestyle changes
A．They are less visited. B．They stay open for longer hours.
C．They have more people at night. D．They begin to offer fast food.
23．What are theme cafés expected to do
A．Create more jobs. B．Provide better drinks.
C．Save the cafe business. D．Serve the community.
24．Why are psychology cafés accepted by so many people
A．They bring people true friendship. B．They give people spiritual support.
C．They help people achieve their dreams. D．They connect all kinds of businesses.
7（2023·安徽蚌埠·统考模拟预测）Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages!
In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: Hone Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version of Google Translate.
All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and understand. Elephants for example talk with each other using infrasound (次声波) —far below our human hearing range. Coral (珊瑚) in the ocean also sends sound waves to attract baby coral to safer areas to grow. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.
After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning, according to the news website Vox. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things: food, sleep positions, occupation of personal space, and unwanted advances.
This technology can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance route to tell the bees where the nectar (花蜜) was, Vox reported.
25．What is Karen Bakker’s new book mainly about
A．How AI helps translate animals’ sounds.
B．Why AI can help people research animals.
C．How AI helps people do translations better.
D．Why animals need help from human beings.
26．What do we know about the sounds made by animals
A．No sounds by animals can be heard by humans.
B．The sounds guarantee animals safer areas to live.
C．Corals have ears to send and receive sound waves.
D．Elephants’ sound waves are beyond human hearing.
27．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The arguments of bats.
B．The recording of animal sounds.
C．The contents of the news website.
D．The findings of AI translation.
28．How could scientists tell bees where the nectar was
A．By learning the bee language.
B．By creating a route with AI system.
C．By employing a robot bee as their guide.
D．By asking a robot bee to teach them dance.
8（2023·安徽·校联考三模）Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available, kids can get distressed(苦恼的)and feel hurt, rejected, or ignored. They may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone. They may even stop trying to compete for their parent’s attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
“There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition. Parents need to communicate that their kids are valuable and important, and children need to know that parents care what they’re doing,” explains Crnic, a psychologist. “Kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three. Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get them excited,” he adds.
Dr. Carol Metzler, who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute, explains, “They’re watching you to see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it. Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or other challenging times. If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive(攻击性的)themselves, children can copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade.”
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “trigger off”
A．Set off. B．Burst into.
C．Consist of. D．Dive for.
30．Why does Metzler think it tough to respond to kids sensitively in Paragraph 4
A．Because kids are unable to make out their parents’ arguments.
B．Because parents are too sensitive to train kids to be aggressive.
C．Because kids can not copy their parents’ behavior on these occasions.
D．Because parents have to control their feelings and teach it to their kids.
31．What’s the text mainly about
A．Parents should not be bad-tempered in front of their kids.
B．Parents should consistently develop their problem solving skills.
C．Parents should engage with kids and respond to them positively.
D．Parents should continuously upgrade their language and emotions.
32．What will the writer probably talk about next
A．The way to train kids to be confident.
B．The way to train kids’ abilities to deal with matters.
C．The way to train kids to self-regulate their emotions.
D．The way to train kids’ abilities to be sensitive and responsibe.
9（2023·全国·模拟预测）There has been a bitter argument within the Australian community over a horse racing event advertised on the Sydney Opera House. While some believe the Opera House is Australia’s “biggest billboard (大幅广告牌)” and should be used for economic gain, others are shocked that the government has allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding.
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sydney Opera House is an important Australian building recognized all over the world and one of the country’s most frequently visited tourist attractions. In the past, the Opera House has been used to promote a handful of charities, cultural festivals, etc. However, these have aimed to highlight events that bring advantage to ordinary people, not a single profiting brand.
Some have argued that promoting brands on the sails of the Opera House is just like advertising on any other billboard or marketing space with the power to significantly encourage tourism and growth. While this may be true, if advertising continues to happen, the Opera House could risk losing its reputation, which could devalue the landmark and actually damage its tourism appeal.
Although landmarks around the world such as the Eiffel Tower and Moscow’s Red Square have been used for advertising, they also caused some arguments among the public. For instance, a major fashion brand placed a giant branded suitcase in the center of Moscow’s Red Square; however, it was removed shortly afterwards as tourists complained it was so big that it blocked views of major landmark sites. The advertisement caused arguments among the public and finally failed to leave a positive impact.
So what will advertising on the Opera House look like to international tourists Will they be amazed and drawn to a wonderful country, or will they see advertising as something reducing the cultural value of a national symbol We think it’s clear that our national treasures deserve the respect and admiration that come with them, and advertising should be limited to important causes, not campaigns for commercial gain.
33．What caused the heated debate among Australians
A．The biggest billboard at the Opera House.
B．The Opera House’s being used for advertising.
C．The horse racing event held at the Opera House.
D．The famous national landmark’s being polluted.
34．What can be learned about the previous activities at the Opera House
A．They were in the public interest.
B．They caught international attention.
C．They were designed to attract tourists.
D．They brought great economic benefits.
35．Why does the author mention the example of Moscow’s Red Square
A．To present how companies benefit from attractions.
B．To stress the various types of promotions in attractions.
C．To explain why tourists dislike billboards on landmarks.
D．To show the negative effects of advertising on landmarks.
36．What is the author’s attitude toward the commercial act mentioned at the beginning
A．Favourable. B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Objective.
10（2023·四川·校联考模拟预测）The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy us all in the end.
FOR
◆ Cloning is important for women who are single to have a child, using cloning instead of artificial insemination (授精). Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child died.
◆ Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock (家畜) with ideal characters for agriculture and industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans.
◆ Cloning could be used in various ways to benefit the lives of humans.
◆ It may provide a way for completely sterile individuals to reproduce! It may provide a way for homosexual couples to reproduce themselves, and it will probably provide a valuable basic research and possibly spin off technologies related to reproduction and development.
◆ Cloning would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect organs for transplant. This surely would be immensely beneficial to millions of unfortunate people who are expected to lose their lives due to failure of a single organ or more organs.
AGAINST
◆ Cloning would intervene in the normal cycle of life. There would be a large number of identical (相同的) genes, which minimizes (使减少到最低限度) the chances of mutation (变异), and, in turn, evolution—the fundamental reason why living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment.
◆ With genetic engineering and human cloning it is possible to use these in the arsenal (兵工厂) of ethnic cleansing (清洗) creating inequality in our society, which would be the beginning of many wars.
◆ Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality.
◆ If the technology were to be so, scientists could transfer human genes into animals’ and vice versa, which would heighten the danger of developing zoonoses, diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. It could create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop.
◆ Genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness.
◆ Cloning dead loved ones will not bring them back; they may look like them, but they will have a different personality.
37．If a single lady wants a baby but she does not accept artificial insemination, she might ________.
A．think about cloning technology to copy one
B．be against having a child from cloning technology
C．produce livestock with ideal characters
D．speak little of the cloning technology
38．The purpose of the writer writing the passage is to ________.
A．encourage us to support the ideas of FOR
B．advise us to accept the ideas of AGAINST
C．tell us to understand the ideas of FOR and AGAINST correctly
D．introduce us to remember the ideas of FOR and AGAINST
39．What’s the author’s attitude towards cloning
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
40．What would be the best title for the passage
A．How many advantages are there B．How many disadvantages are there
C．Which side is wrong D．Which side are you with

展开更多......

收起↑