资源简介

Unit 1 Growing up
Ⅰ 核心单词
1. integrity n.正直诚实2. virtue n.美德3. licence n. 执照4. loan n.(银行等的)贷款5. adulthood n.成年6. milestone n.重大事件，里程碑7. election n.选举8. wage n.(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金9. tax n.税10. ambulance n.救护车11. mature adj.成熟的，明白事理的12. childhood n.童年,儿童时代13. obey v.服从；遵守14. subtle adj.难以察觉的;微妙的15. selfish adj. 自私的16. steady adj.稳定的17. tempt v.诱惑，引诱18. librarian n.图书馆管理员19. household adj.家庭的mute n.每天上班的路程21. deposit n.订金22. minimum adj.最小的,最少的23. bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的24. boarder n.寄宿生,住校生25.varied adj.各种各样的26. cherish v.重视，珍视27. routine n.惯例，习惯28. primeval adj.原始的,远古的29. swallow v.吞下,咽下30. prey n.猎物31. chew v.咀嚼32. digestion n.消化(过程)33. masterpiece n.杰作34. arithmetic n.算术35. disheartened adj.沮丧的，灰心的36. tiresome adj.烦人的,令人厌烦的37. intimately adv.亲密地;密切地38. necktie n.领带39. evidence n.证据40. memorable adj.难忘的41. bond n.纽带，关系
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.违法的,不合规定的→legally adv.合法地
2. instantly adv.立即,马上→instant adj.立即的，即时的
3. approve v.赞成,同意→approval n.赞成；认可，正式批准
4. consequence n.后果→consequent adj.随之发生的，作为结果的→consequently adv.结果,所以,因此
5. politics n.政治→political adj. 政治上 的,政 权 的; 政 党 的 →politician n. 政客,政治家,政治人物
6. conclusion n. 结论→conclude v.结束；推断
III 重点短语
1. in charge of 负责，掌管2. have a say有发言权3. behind the wheel在驾驶汽车4. be aware of意识到5. used to do sth 过去常常做某事6. contribute to捐 助; 为写稿7. lay aside把……搁 置一边8. devote oneself to 致力于,献身于9. give up放弃10. at a glance一瞥，看一眼11. be concerned with与……有关
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. if引导条件状语从句
Surely, if you're old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes, you should be allowed to have a say on how the government spends them!
如果一个人已经工作并且交税了，那他应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。
2. as if+虚拟语气
I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像我关上了童年时代的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
3. the way 后的定语从句
Turning 18 also changed the way that society viewed me.满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。
4. it作形式宾语
Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money.
因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒点儿钱非常困难。
5. now that 引导原因状语从句
You asked if I have been thinking a lot about the future now that I'm17.
你问我既然17岁了，是否一直对未来有很多思考。
V 单元语法
将来进行时
将来进行时由“助动词 will/ shall +be+现在分词”构成,具体用法如下：
1.表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与 soon，tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening 等表示将来的时间状语连用。
I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow.我明天八点钟正在上英语课。
Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
2.在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York.明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。
At 7 : 00 this evening I will be watching the news programmes on TV.
今晚七时，我将正在观看电视上的新闻节目。
3.表示预料不久后要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往要表达“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。
We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and better.我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。
4.表示委婉的语气。
When shall we be meeting again 我们什么时候再见面
[名师点津] 将来进行时和一般将来时的区别：
1.一般将来时不仅表示将来，还可表示意愿；将来进行时只是单纯地谈论未来的情况，一般不表示意愿。
I'll try my best to work hard.
我将尽全力努力学习。(表意愿)
I'll be studying English next semester.
下学期我将学会英语。
(表单纯的将来)
2.一般将来时表示的动作发生在将来的某个时间，时间不具体；将来进行时表示的动作发生在将来某个具体的时间
I’ll write a letter to my parents tomorrow.明天我要给父母写封信。
（表示明天的某个时间）
I’ll be writing a letter to my parents.明天这时候，我会给父母写信。
（表示明天的这个时候）
Ⅵ 话题佳作
《简·爱》是英国作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的一部著名小说。请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇书评。
书名 《简·爱》 作者 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 出版时间 1847年 地点 英国伦敦
情节 简·爱虽然生活在艰难的环境中，却一直在为自己的理想生活而奋斗。她的父母在她很小的时候就去世了。她没有得到她一直期待的东西———仅仅是被视为一个普通人。痛苦教会了她独立。
评价 这个故事可以被看作是独立精神的象征。生活在改变，但我们的生活原则依然存在。坚定不移地坚持独立自主会给我们足够的信心和勇气。
参考词汇:《简·爱》Jane Eyre夏洛蒂·勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Jane Eyre is a famous novel written by the English writer Charlotte Bronte. It was published in London, England, in 1847.
This is a story about a special woman who lives in a difficult environment, but has been fighting for her ideal life. Jane Eyre's parents died when she was very young so she didn't get what she had been expecting—simply being regarded as an ordinary person. The sufferings taught her to be independent.
The story can be regarded as a symbol of the independent spirit. Life is changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting in being independent gives us enough confidence and courage.
Unit 2 Improving yourself
I核心单词
1. security n.安全2. moderator n.主持人3. detox n.脱瘾4. fundraising n.募捐,筹款5. switch v.(用开关)改变,转换6. motivate v.激发，激励7. profile n.概况8. distract v.分散(注意力),使分心9. constantly adv. 持续不断地;经常地10. towel n.毛巾11. deadline n. 截止时间;最后期限12. procrastination n.拖延13. appropriate adj.恰当的;合适的14. spit v.吐口水，吐唾沫15. headphones n.(头戴式)耳机16. considerate adj.替他人着想的17. clarify v.澄清,讲清楚,阐明18. district n.地区,区域19. necessity n.必需品20. toothpaste n.牙膏21. item n.一件商品(或物品) 22. unprecedentedly adv.空前地23. jar n.(玻璃)罐子,广口瓶24. lifelong adj.终身的25. vision n.构想，设想26. likewise adv.同样地；相似地27. objectively adv.客观地28. equip v. 使有知识和技能，使能够胜任29. nail n.钉子
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. security n.平安,安全;安全措施→secure adj.安全的,可靠的
2. motivate v. 激 发, 激 励 →motivation n.动力, 动机
3. occupy v.占用,占去(时间)→occupation n. 占领; 职业 →occupied adj.被占领的,忙于
4. access n.接触的机会→accessible adj.可得到的；易接近的；可进入的
5. rely v.(为生活或生存而)依赖→reliable adj.可靠的, 可信的→reliability n.可靠性
6. appropriate adj. 恰当的; 合适的→appropriately adv.恰当地
7. considerate adj. 替他人着想的→consideration n.仔细考虑; 体谅, 顾及→consider v.考虑; 认为
8. promote v. 促进, 增进, 提升→promotion n. 晋级; 促进, 提升
9. clarify v. 澄清, 讲清楚, 阐明→clarification n.澄清,阐明
10. necessity n.必需品;必然性→necessary adj.必然的;必要的
11. invest v.投资→investment n.投资→investor n.投资者
12. objectively adv. 客 观 地 →objective adj.客观的 n.目的,目标→object v.反对;拒绝
13. equip v.使有知识和技能, 使能够胜任; 装备,配备→equipment n.器材；设备
III重点短语
1. switch on (用开关)开，打开2. on reflection仔细想3. pick up捡起，拾起；接收(信号)；收拾，整理4. throw in the towel认输5. other than除了6. rely on依靠，依赖7. be faced with 面对8. max out (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆9. in contrast to与……形成对比10. make full use of充分利用11. with the help of在……帮助下12. be responsible for对……负责13. help out帮助……摆脱困境
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. with+宾语+宾语补足语(过去分词)
With the detox now finished, they've switched on their devices and they're back online.
如今，脱瘾活动已结束，他们纷纷开启电子设备，重返网络。
2.比较级
The detox was more difficult to tolerate than I had expected.
社交媒体脱瘾比我预期的更加难以忍受。
3.强调句型
It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest or give
就是从那时起，他的孙子孙女们开始自己掌控如何处理所得的钱：用于消费、储蓄、投资还是给予他人
4. whether... or...引导让步状语从句
Whether you want to help out a friend, give money to an animal charity or to children in another country, it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in.
无论你是想要接济朋友，为动物慈善机构捐款，还是救助另一个国家的孩子，这都是你的钱，你可以把它捐给任何你相信的事业。
v. 单元语法
过去完成时的被动语态
1. 过去完成时的被动语态的构成形式
(1)肯定式:had +been + done。
(2)否定式:had +not + been + done,
(3)一般疑问式:将 had 提到主语的前面。
(4)特殊疑问式:疑问词+ had+ been+ done。
2.过去完成时的被动语态的基本用法
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的被动的动作，常与 by，before等引导的时间状语(从句)连用。
The work had been finished by five o’clock yesterday afternoon.
到昨天下午五点，这项工作就已经完成了。
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前教室还没有打扫。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
飓风结束时，多少建筑物被破坏了
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting
新计划在会议前被讨论过吗
(2) 用在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词之后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。
He said the production costs had been reduced.他说生产成本已经降低了。
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
那个男孩被提醒作业还没有交。
The media reported more than1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1,000 多人在地震中丧生。
(3) 在 “ It was the first/second/... time + that 从句”句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the first time that I had been criticised in public.这是我第一次被当众批评。
(4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened.
如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话，这次事故就不会发生了。
Ⅵ 话题佳作
假设你阅读了英国小说家查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的代表作 之一《雾 都 孤儿》( Oliver Twist)，请你根据以下提示写一篇读后感：
1.查尔斯·狄更斯是英国伟大的小说家，《雾都孤儿》是他的代表作之一；
2.《雾都孤儿》的主人公奥利弗·崔斯特(Oliver Twist)是一个孤儿，他被扔进了贫穷与犯罪的魔窟；
3.他历尽无数艰辛，最后在好心人的帮助下，身世被查明并获得了幸福。同时，那些坏人都受到了惩罚；
4.奥利弗·崔斯特的成长环境是充满黑暗和罪恶的，但是他始终很善良；
5.这部小说会给我们留下深刻的印象，让我们懂得做人的道理；
6.《雾都孤儿》在英国文学史上是最受欢迎并且是被高度赞扬的作品之一。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Charles Dickens, a great English novelist, wrote many famous novels, among which Oliver Twist is the most famous. The hero of this novel is Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered a lot when he was a kid. In the end, with warm-hearted people's help, Oliver Twist's identity was found out and he gained happiness. At the same time, the bad people were punished.
From my point of view, dark and evil as the environment Oliver Twist grows in is, he is always very kind. The novel will leave a deep impression on us and make us understand the truth of life.
Oliver Twist is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life. I, a kind person, want to tell you that learning from the kind Oliver can regain the nature of goodness.
Unit 3 Times change!
Ⅰ 核心单词
1. decade n.十年；十年期2. legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的,传奇式的3. fixture n.固定存在物4. tablet n.平板电脑5. sympathy n.同情6. mist n.薄雾，雾霭7. exterior n.外部，外观8. stationery n.文具9. saleswoman n.女销售员10. leadership n.领导；领导地位11. organic adj.有 机 的; 绿色的12. recital n.朗诵会13. humble adj.简陋的14. emphasize v.强调15. reconstruction n.重建;修复16. journalist n.新闻工作者；新闻记者17. era n.时代，年代18. reform n.改进；改革19. socialist adj.社会主义的20. initiative n.倡议21. solid adj.坚实的22. occupation n.工作，职业23. cafeteria n. 自助餐厅24. emoji n.表情符号25. integral adj.不可缺少的 ponent n.组成部分27. category n.类别28. pictograph n.象形图29. emotional adj.情绪(上)的,情感(上)的
30. textspeak n.短信简写语31. accessible adj.易懂的32. tendency n.趋势33. facilitate v.促进；使便利34. pictorial adj.图画的ic n.连环漫画36. costume n.化装服37. urgently adv.紧 急地; 急迫地
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. furniture n. 家具→furnish v. 布置; 装备;提供→furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的
2. compete v. 竞争→competition n.竞争→competitor n. 竞争者→competitive adj.有竞争力的
3. emphasize v. 强调→emphasis n.强调
4. economic adj. 经济(上) 的→economy n. 经济→economics n.经济学→economical adj.节俭的, 经济的→economist n. 经济学家
5. occupation n.工作,职业→occupy v. 占用;占领,占据 →occupied adj.忙于;使用中
6. emotional adj.情绪(上)的,情感(上)的→emotion n.情感,情绪
7. intention n. 意图, 目的→intend v.打算，意欲
8. adaptation n.改编版→adapt v.改编；适应
9. accessible adj.易懂的→access n.通道，通路，入口；机会，权利
10. tendency n.趋势→tend v.倾向;趋向
11. educator n.教育工作者;教育学家→educate v.教育→education n.教育→educated adj. 受过教育的
12. urgently adv.紧急地; 急迫地→urge v.敦促,力劝;竭力主张n.强烈的欲望, 冲动 →urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的→urgency n.紧急的事
13. convincing adj. 有说服力的, 使人信服的→convince v. 使确信→ convinced adj. 信服 的, 确信的
III 重点短语
1. chat with与……聊天2. a bunch of一群3. wave goodbye to和……挥手告别4. take over 接手，接管5. pop up突然出现，冒出来6. pave the way铺平道路；创造条件7. instead of 代替8. heart and soul全心全意9. after all毕竟
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. the day 引导时间状语从句
The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.
听说经营了50年的彩虹书店就要关门的那天，我的心都碎了。
2.状语从句的省略
When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to176 simple designs.
1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。
3. more than 与数词、名词、形容词等连用，表示不同含义
Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate.
现在有3,000多个表情符号，拓宽了我们的交流渠道。
4. It seems that...
It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language.
表情符号似乎比书面语言更具明显优势。
V 单元语法
过去进行时的被动语态
1. 过去进行时的被动语态的构成
(1)肯定句式:主语+was/were +being+过去分词+其他.
In one area, a book reading was being delivered.在书店的一个地方正在进行一场读书发布会。
(2)否定句式:主语+was/ were+ not+ being+过去分词+其他.
The movie star was not being stalked by a fan this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候这位电影明星并没有被粉丝跟踪。
(3)一般疑问句式:Was/Were+主语+being+过去分词+其他 (回答用 yes 或 no)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗
(4)特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+being+过去分词+其他
What was being done to the machine 当时对这台机器在采取什么措施
2.过去进行时的被动语态的用法
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动的动作。
Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.
那时长江上正在修建另一座大桥。
Trees were being planted by them this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
3.过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作；一般现在时的被动语态表示的是过去某一时间的被动动作，该动作已经结束了，或表示过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。
The red dress was being worn by her in the last class.她上节课穿着红色的裙子。
These cakes were made by my mother last night.这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。
Ⅵ 话题佳作
十年后我们的生活将会是什么样的 根据以下内容，通过合理想象，用英语写一篇短文来展望未来的生活。内容包括：
1.有些人到月球上度假；
2.某些科学家在海底生活；
3.孩子可以在家通过因特网接受教育；
4.机器人为你做家务。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
I am always dreaming about life in the future. What on earth will it be like
Perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday, and some scientists will live under the sea. With plenty of educational resources on the Internet, children needn't go to school every day. As a result, they can study at home. Maybe in the future each family will have a robot, which can do whatever they are told to, such as shopping and housework.
I do believe the dream will come true some day.
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Ⅰ 核心单词
1. boundary n.分界线；边界2. statistic n.(一项)统计数据3. tackle v.处理，对付(难题)4. vital adj.极其重要的5. comrade n.同志；朋友6. tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的7. Ebola n.埃博拉病毒8. combat v.防止，抑制9. relieve v.给(某人)换班10. clinic n.诊所；门诊部11. disinfect v.为……消毒, 给……杀菌12. vomit n.呕吐物13. miracle n.意外的幸运事；奇迹14. van n.小型货车pensate v.弥补,补偿16. collaborate v.合作,协作17. mankind n.人类18. cast v.选派(角色)19. inclusive adj.包容广阔的20. joint adj.联合的，共同的21. mutual adj.共有的，共同的22. rewarding adj. 值得做的, 有意义的23. mount v.走上，登上24. civil adj.公民的，国民的25. confederate adj.(美国内战期间)南部联邦的26. civilian adj.平民的；百姓的27. conceive v.构想，设想28. liberty n. 自由29. dedicate v.致力于，献身于30. endure v.持续存在31. portion n.一部分32. consecrate v.宣布……为神圣之处33. hallow v.使成为神圣34. detract v.减低，破坏，损害35. nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地36. perish v.死亡munist adj.共产主义的
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. specialist n.专家→specialism n.专长，专业，特长；专业化→special adj.特殊的,特别的;格外的;有专门作用的 → specially adv.专门地，特意；特别，尤其
2. infectious adj.传染性的→infection n.感染;传染→infect v.使感染;传染→infected adj.受感染的;受细菌污染的
3. devotion n. 奉献→devote v.致力于; 奉献→devoted adj.献身的; 忠诚的
4. realistic adj.(目标、希望) 能够实现的→reality n. 现实→realise v.了解，意识；实现
5. minority n.少数派;少数→minor adj.较小的，次要的→(反义词)majority n.多数
6. division n. 分歧, 分裂; 分开→divide v.分割, 划分; 分配
7. influential adj. 有影响力的 →influence n.& v.影响
Ⅲ 重点短语
1. a lack of缺乏2. regardless of...不管;不顾3. at the end of在……尽头,在……末端4. work on 从事……，继续5. compensate for...弥补, 补偿……6. not to mention更不用说7. make up one's mind下决心；决定8. call on. . .拜 访 (某 人);号召9. in memory of纪念10. bring forth使产生,使出现11. be engaged in 忙于,专心于12. in vain白白地，徒劳，无结果
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. It has been/is + 一 段 时 间 +since.. .
It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
2. It is (not) the first time (that)…
It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.
这已经不是作者第一次与无国界医生一起工作了。
3. what 引导宾语从句
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国应成为的样子。
4. whether 引导宾语从句
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.
当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，它考验着这个国家，或者任何一个生于自由、对上述理想深信不疑的国家，能否长久生存下去。
V 单元语法
it 作形式主语
it 作形式主语时没有实际意义，只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后面，保持句子的结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。it 作形式主语时，真正的主语通常是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句。
1.不定式短语作真正的主语，常用于下列句型中：
(1) It + be+形容词+(for/of sb)to do sth. 对 某人 来说做 某 事是……
(2) It +be+名词+to do sth.做某事是……
(3) It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人……时间。
(4) It's up to sb to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责或义务。
It's important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
It is bad manners to stare at people.盯着人看是不礼貌的。
It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
[名师点津] 在“It +be+形容词+(for/of sb) to do sth.”句型中,如果形容词描述的是 sb，介词用of;如果描述的是 to do sth,介词用 for。
It was foolish of him to give up the job. ( = He was foolish to give up the job. )
他放弃那份工作是愚蠢的。
It's necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
2.动名词短语作真正主语的情况远不及不定式短语那么普遍, 常限于no good, no use, useless, waste 等词的后面。
It is no good /no use having a car if you can't drive.如果你不会开车，有车也是没有用处的。
It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间的。
It is no use asking him.问他没有用。
3.用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语的常见句型有：
(1) It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honour/good news /no wonder/a wonder/. .. that. . .
It was a pity that the engineer couldn't come.可惜工程师没能来。
It is a shame that the rain spoilt our picnic.真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。
(It is) no wonder (that) you were late! 难怪你来晚了！
It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌！
(2)It is +形容词(strange /natural /surprising /obvious /true /fortunate /wonderful /funny /possible /impossible /likely /unlikely /clear /unusual /certain /important /... )+that...
It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜。
It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.
我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。
It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待。
It is likely that he will ring me tonight.他今晚可能给我打电话。
(3) It seems/happened/turned out/struck me/occurred to me/... that . . .
It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些。
It happened that I wasn't there that day.恰好那天我不在那里。
(4) It + be + 过去分词(said/reported /announced /decided /expected /hoped /known /believed /. .. )+that. ..
It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.
据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon. (= People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon. )
人们希望鹿的数目会很快增加。
Ⅵ 话题佳作
假定你是李华，本周四下午学校将组织主题为“Self-improvement”的英语演讲。请你写一篇演讲稿并准备参赛，内容包括：
1.自我提高的好处；
2.如何自我提高；
3.感谢聆听。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Good afternoon, everyone.
I'm Li Hua from Class 1, Grade2. It's my honour to be here talking about “self-improvement”. We all know that self-improvement plays a vital part in our growth, but how can we improve ourselves
Personally, I think the most effective way is reading good books. As the saying goes, “Books are the ladder of human progress.” Besides, we can improve our behaviours by learning traditional Chinese culture, which contains significant instruction on conducting ourselves in our daily life.
That's all. Thanks for your listening.
Unit 5 A delicate world
I 核心单词
1. heritage n.遗产；传统2. inhabitant n.栖居的动物3. penguin n.企鹅4. habitat n.栖息地5. rat n.大老鼠6. subsequently adv.后来,随后7. appetite n.胃口，食欲8. multiply v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增9. vegetation n.植物，草木(总称)10. erosion n.侵蚀11. parakeet n.长尾(小)鹦鹉12. chaos n.大混乱；紊乱13. conservation n.保护 14. decrease v. (使) 变小, (使)减少15. trap n.夹子，陷阱16. departure n.离开17. immunity n.免疫力18. collapse v.倒坍；塌下19. substantial adj.大量的,多的20. incident n.事件21. intervention n.干预，介入22. postscript n.附言23. dissolve v.(使)溶解 24. worm n. 蠕虫; (昆虫的)幼虫25. visual adj.视觉的26. session n.一段时间27. herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的28. status n.地位；身份29. prosper v.兴旺，发达 30. apparently adv.据说;看来,似乎31. altitude n.海拔(高度) 32. thrive v.茁壮成长33. fossil n.化石34. floral adj.花的35. vertebrate n.脊椎动物36. beehive n.蜂房，蜂箱37. invasion n.涌入38. coexist v.共存，共处39. greeting n.问候，招呼
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. dramatically adv.显著地;戏剧性地→dramatic adj. 引人注目的;戏剧的;急剧的→drama n.戏剧,电视剧，广播剧，戏剧表演；戏剧性
2. explode v. 突然增加→explosion n. 爆炸; 爆发; 激增→explosive adj.爆炸(式)的, 爆发的
3. eco logy n. 生 态; 生 态 学 →ecological adj. 生 态 的 →ecologically adv.从生态(学)方面→ecologist n.生态学家
4. comparison n. 比较→compare v.比较, 对比→comparable adj.可相比的; 同等的 → comparative adj.相对的
5. rare adj.稀有的,罕见的→rarely adv.罕有,很少;不常
6. biological adj.生物的,与生物有关的 → biology n. 生物学 →biologist n.生物学家
7. secure adj. 稳固的; 安全的, 可靠的v.获得; 拴牢; 保护→security n.安全；保护，保障
Ⅲ 重点短语
1. in harmony with与……协调一致2. die out灭绝3. out of control失控4. come up with提出;想出5. participate in参加,参与6. on behalf of代表7. regard... as...把 ······当 ······看待8. thanks to幸亏；由于9. in return作为回报
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. nor/neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
2.不定式短语作表语
The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in——with my dogs.
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
3. it 作形式主语
(1) It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。
(2) It is a challenge to look after so many species.照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。
4.现在分词短语作结果状语
The region rises from about 400metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”.
该地区的海拔从大约 400 米上升到3, 000 多米，被称为“华中屋脊”。
5.状语从句的省略
Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
V单元语法
it作形式宾语
it作形式宾语时，真正的宾语是不定式短语、动名词短语或宾语从句
(1) it代表不定式短语
I find it pleasant to work with him.我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
She thinks it her duty to help us.她认为帮助我们是她的责任。
(2) it 代表动名词短语(这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式短语)
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。
Do you consider it any good trying again 你觉得再次尝试会有好处吗
He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.
尝试不可能的事情，他认为是毫无意义的。
(3) it代表宾语从句
①it 用在 hate, like, dislike, can't bear, can't stand 等之后,代表when 引导的宾语从句。
I hate it when people cry.我厌烦别人哭。
I like it when you do that.我喜欢你那样做。
②it用在 depend on, see to 等短语动词后，代表 that 引导的宾语从句。
Depend on it that we won't give up.请相信，我们决不会放弃。
Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon 你能确保今天下午就把传真发出去吗
[名师点津] 上述句子中，it后面均不需要宾语补足语。
③在一些特殊结构中，it 用作形式宾语，其后需要有名词或形容词作宾语补足语。
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
会议被取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。
I took it for granted that they were not coming.我想当然地认为他们不会来了。
I find it strange that she doesn't want to go.她居然不想去，我觉得奇怪。
Ⅵ 话题佳作
如今人们越发意识到保护自然环境，尤其是保护野生动物的重要性。假定你是中学生李津，你所在 的 学 校 以 “ Save the Wild Animals”为主题开展了英语演讲比赛，请你就该主题在比赛上发表演讲，内容包括：
野生动物面临的问题 1.生存空间变狭小； 2.面临灭绝的危机； 3.人们为了获取它们的毛、皮、牙齿和肉而捕杀它们。
人们保护野生动物应采取的行动 1.严禁杀害稀有物种； 2.严惩猎杀野生动物的人； 3.建立国家公园作为保护区。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear teachers and students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
参考范文
Dear teachers and students,
Good morning, I'm glad to stand here to give you a speech. Today my topic is “Save the Wild Animals”. As we all know, the number of wild animals is dramatically decreasing, because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. For example, with the development of cities, their living areas have become narrower and narrower. Many wild animals, confronted with food crisis, are facing the danger of extinction. At the same time, people capture and kill the endangered species just for getting their fur, skin, teeth and meat.
As a result, the relevant departments and people must come up with some plans and put them into practice. To start with, the killing of rare species should be prohibited. Besides, those who capture wild animals intentionally should be severely punished. Last but not least, more and more national parks should be set up as natural reserves for the conservation of wild animals.
Only if we human beings take some strong measures can wild animals be preserved.
Thank you!
Unit 6 Survival
Ⅰ 核心单词
1. chacma baboon 南非大狒,大狒狒 2. suburb n.郊区，城郊3. thief n.小偷,贼4. urban adj.城 镇的,城市的5. predator n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物6. flourish v.生长茂盛，兴盛7. racoon n.浣熊8. garbage n.垃圾9. lamb n.羔羊肉10. kebab n.烤(肉)串11. garlic n.(大)蒜12. estimate v.估计，估算13. migratory adj.迁徙的14. crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的15. restrict v.限制，控制16. hiker n. 徒步旅行者，远足者 17. kit n.成套工具18. clay n.黏土19. cave n.洞穴20. supplement v.补充，增补，增加21. blaze n.烈火，大火22. monthly adj.每月一次的23. Mars n.火星24. nuclear adj.核武器的25. terrifying adj.极其可怕的,骇人听闻的26. hostile adj.(生长环境)恶劣的27. unmanned adj.无人驾驶(操纵)的28. orbit v.环绕……运行29. stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的30. agency n.机构；(尤指政府 内 的) 局,部，处31. consist v.组成32. infer v.推断，推定33. astronaut n.宇航员，太空人34. capsule n.(航天器的)密封舱，太空舱35. trunk n.树干 36. eliminate v.消除，根除
Ⅱ 拓展单词
1. crime n.罪,罪行→criminal adj.犯罪的，犯法的 n.罪犯
2. greedy adj. 贪婪的, 贪心的→greedily adv.贪心地, 贪婪地
3. commit v. 犯(错误或罪行)→commitment n. 承诺; 许诺; (对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入
4. optimistic adj. 乐观的; 乐观主义的→optimism n.乐观; 乐观主义→optimist n.乐观的人; 乐天派
5. consumption n.(精力、油、电等的) 消耗量→consume v.消耗, 耗费(燃料、能量、时间等) →consumer n.消费者; 顾客; 用户
6. react v.(作出)反应→reaction n.反应; 回应→reactive adj. 反应的；有反应的
7. expose v.使暴露(于险境)→exposure n.暴露,显露
Ⅲ 重点短语
1. have no choice but to do sth别无 选 择 只 能 做某事2. figure out想出;弄清;解决3. fit in with适应;与…一致4. for sure确定;肯定5. cope with应付6. bring... under control使……处于控制之下7. get rid of摆脱,除去8. adapt to适应9. be responsible for对……负责10. wipe out 彻底毁灭11. consist of由……构成,由……组成12. in the meantime在此期间，与此同时
Ⅳ 重点句型
1. find+宾语+宾语补足语
Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction!
现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！
2.“疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。
3.“only+状语”放在句首引起部分倒装
Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
4. that 用作替代词，指代上文提到的名词
(1 ) The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
(2) More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.
最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。
5. There is no doubt that...
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
6. do/does/did+动词原形,用于强调谓语
(1) And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return Earth—ever.
而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。
(2) Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。
V单元语法
“疑问词+-ever”或“no matter+疑问词”引导的状语从句
1.在让步状语从句中，不论是“疑问词+-ever”还是“no matter+疑问词”，其意义都是“不管/无论+该疑问词的本义”，两种结构的作用相同。
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
= No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 无论谁违反了规定，都必须受到惩罚。
Wherever he goes(may go),I'll follow him.
= No matter where he goes(may go), I'll follow him.无论他(会)去哪里，我都跟着他。
Whichever dictionary you(may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
= No matter which dictionary you (may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
无论你(会)买哪本词典，你都至少得付 20 美元。
[名师点津] 这类从句中用一般现在时表将来，从句中可用情态动词 may/might。
2.“疑问代词+-ever”还可引导主语从句和宾语从句。
Whoever smokes here will be punished.无论谁在这里抽烟都会受到处罚。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。
[名师点津] 此时的“疑问代词+-ever”不能换成“no matter + 疑问代词”的形式。
3.“疑问副词+-ever”还可以引导时间或地点状语从句。
Wherever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。
He goes there whenever he has time.无论何时他有时间他就去那里。
[名师点津] 此时的“疑问副词+-ever”也不能换成“no matter+疑问副词”的形式。
Ⅵ 话题佳作
假定你是李华，不久前经历了一次地震，你和邻居一起救出了一个被困的人。请你根据下面四幅图片的顺序，写出事情的全过程。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇:锹,铲 spade 担架stretcher
Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
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参考范文
Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened. I was reading in the room when the light, clock, and many things inside were shaking. Meanwhile, someone shouted “Earthquake!” I rushed outside without hesitation.
Outdoors I heard a crash behind me and someone shouting “Help!” I looked back and found a house had collapsed. I, together with my neighbours, tried to find the one trapped in the ruins, using spades and even our hands. After a few minutes, we found an old man, whose leg had broken. We carried the old man to a safe place on a stretcher and waited for an ambulance.
Though tired, we were glad we had saved the old man.

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