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Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites
Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills课时：2课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：To learn and understand the usage of appositive clauses in the context.
能力目标：Understand the rules of appositive clauses and use them to complete related tasks.
情感目标：Discuss heritage protection using appositive clauses.
教学重难点
教学重点：Learn and understand the usage of appositive clauses in the context.
教学难点：Understand the rules of appositive clauses and use them to complete related tasks; Discuss heritage protection using appositive clauses.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
Teacher activity:
Play a video about Egypt
Student activity: Read the text and answer questions
What’s the connection between the Abu Simbel temples and the Aswan High Dam
The construction of the Aswan High Dam would cause water levels to rise, which could in turn flood the Abu Simbel temples.
How were the Abu Simbel temples saved from the rising waters
An international team worked together to take the temples apart, moved their parts to a new location and then put them back together. They eventually managed to relocate all the Abu Simbel temples without incident.
二、While-class
同位语从句
在复合句中，跟在一个名词后对其作进一步解释说明的从句叫作同位语从句。
能跟同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea，truth，doubt，belief，hope，problem， information，wish，promise，answer，possibility，question，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等抽象名词。
There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is.
我有一种感觉，我们永远都无法知道不明飞行物是什么。
I don't like the idea that money is everything.
我不喜欢金钱就是一切的观点。
一、同位语从句的连接词
引导同位语从句的词有连词 that，whether，疑问代词who，which，what和疑问副词where，when，why，how等。
1.由连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。that，whether在从句中不做成分，不能省略。that无意义；whether有“是否”之意。
They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming.
昨天他们从收音机里听到台风要来的消息。
The problem whether he will be sentenced for drunk driving isn't clear.
他是否会因酒后驾驶而被判刑这一问题还不清楚。
2.由疑问代词who，which，what引导的同位语从句。疑问代词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。
The question who should go abroad required consideration.（who在从句中做主语）
谁应该出国这个问题还需要考虑。
I have no idea which one I should choose.（which 在从句中做定语）
我不知道该选哪一个。
He has no idea what he should do next. （what在从句中做宾语）
他不知道下一步要做什么。
3.由疑问副词 when，where，why，how引导的同位语从句。疑问副词在从句中做时间状语、地点状语、原因状语和方式状语。
I have no idea when he will be back from Shanghai. （when在从句中做时间状语）
我不知道他何时从上海回来。
I still have no idea why they left the party without a word last night.（why在从句中做原因状语）
我仍然不知道昨晚他们为什么没说一句话就离开了宴会。
It remains a mystery how it happened.（how在从句中做方式状语）
那件事是怎么发生的仍然是个谜。
The question where we will go to spend our holiday has not been discussed.
（where在从句中做地点状语）
我们要去哪里度假这一问题还没被讨论。
二、使用同位语从句应注意的几个问题
1.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为避免头重脚轻，同位语从句常后置，构成分隔式同位语从句。
Word came that the famous scientist would come to see us.
有消息传来，那位著名的科学家要来看望我们。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到玛丽可能生病了。
2.名词doubt后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中时用whether引导；若用于否定句中时则用that引导。
There is no doubt that prices will go up.
毫无疑问物价会上涨。
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.
他们是否能来帮助我们还不确定。
注意：表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether而不用if引导同位语从句。
I have no idea whether she likes the film.
我不知道她是否喜欢这部电影。
3.名词 suggestion，order，demand，command，request，desire，proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.
将军下达了士兵立即过河的命令。
We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should) start right now.
我们最好接受他的建议，立刻动身。
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.that既可引导同位语从句也可引导定语从句。在同位语从句中that为连接词，仅起连接作用；在定语从句中that为关系代词，既起连接作用，还在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语等。
The information that they got yesterday has no use. （定语从句）
他们昨天得到的信息没什么用处。
We have received the information that they may have left the country.（同位语从句）
我们已经得到消息，他们可能已经离开了这个国家。
2.wh-类引导词引导同位语从句有其本身的疑问含义；
引导定语从句没有疑问含义。
We had no idea who on earth did it.（同位语从句）我们不知道这事到底是谁干的。
The girl who I met just now is one of my students. （定语从句）
我刚才见的那个女孩是我的一个学生。
3.定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.（同位语从句）
对你生病这件事，他们都很担心。
The fact that we knew just now shocked all of us. （定语从句）
我们刚刚了解的事实震惊了我们所有人。
4.同位语从句对应的名词一般为抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词没这方面的限制。
He is strongly for the idea that silence might be beneficial to our health. （同位语从句）
他十分支持这种观点：沉默可能对我们的健康有好处。
The gift that he gave me on my birthday is a lovely bag. （定语从句）
我生日时他给我的生日礼物是一个可爱的包。
学生活动：Read the sentences below and tick the ones with appositive clauses.
1. We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.
2. This was the clue that helped the police find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.
3. Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site is threatened.
4. There is no question that we should protect our shared heritage---we simply have to .
5. I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.
答案：1、4、5
学生活动：完成Working out the rules
An appositive clause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content.
We often use(1) _________________, (2) _________________ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause.
Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact, idea, news, opinion, belief, possibility, hope, truth, problem, question, etc.
答案：that; whether
教师活动：学生阅读第50页文章并完成下列表格。
The value of our heritage
Introduction The plains of the Serengeti and pyramids of Egypt are the great heritage sites we take (1) ____________ in and must be (2) _____________. UNESCO considers heritage as "our (3) ___________ from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations" and irreplaceable sources of life and (4) ________________.
Some examples of heritage sites The incredible (5) ________ of heritage sites reminds us of the power of nature and the genius of man. Jiuzhaigou Valley, (6) ___________ to mighty snow-capped mountains, thick forests alive with wildlife, impressive waterfalls and blue lakes, has (7) ___________ scenery, (8) ___________ makes us realize that nature has truly created a masterpiece. The Borobudur Temple (9) _________ us with the effort, determination and intense belief of the people who built it with only primitive tools.
Conclusion Heritage sites not only (10) ___________ questions but also pose questions. Heritage sites provide us with opportunities to wonder, to be inspired and to think more deeply about our time on the Earth.
参考答案：(1) pride (2) protected (3) legacy (4) inspiration (5) splendour (6) home (7)dreamlike (8) which (9) impresses (10) answer
学生活动：学生回答P50两个问题。
1. According to the editorial, why should we protect heritage sites
Because the incredible splendour of heritage sites is a reminder of the power of nature and the genius of man.
2. How do you understand the quote from Cicero
From my point of view, Cicero's quote means that knowing about our past helps us understand the present and the future better. If we were ignorant of our past, our knowledge about cultural and natural environments would be lacking. We would lose vital information that could help us become better by not repeating past mistakes. We would also not appreciate all the efforts and struggles of the people that came before us.
学生活动：听第51页音频，完成B1。
1. Mr Li is a professor in the field of history. T/ F
2. The host thinks making laws is a good way to protect heritage sites. T/ F
3. Mr Li wants more tourists coming to the heritage sites. T/ F
4. The host thinks that limits can ensure the safety of these sites. T/ F
5. Mr Li's main job is to raise funds for the local heritage projects. T/ F
6. We can educate local officials about the importance of heritage sites. T/ F
答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F
学生活动：再次听音频，完成B2。
How to protect heritage sites
Measures to limit the number of tourists
Ask tourists to (1) ___________ through an app or on the website in advance
(2) ___________________ how long tourists can spend visiting the heritage sites on a daily basis
Resources
(3) _____________________
Equipment
(4) _____________________ in many other fields
Education
Launch campaigns
(5) _____________________
(6) _____________________
参考答案：(1) purchase tickets (2) Set strict time limits on (3) Money (4) scientists, engineers and experts (5) Set up websites (6) Give out leaflets
教师活动：如何写保护遗产地的文章
遗产地保护属于人与社会主题语境中“物质与非物质文化遗产”和人与自然主题语境中“自然资产”的范畴。保护遗产地就是保护人类自然和文化的精华。写保护遗产地的文章时应从以下几个方面入手：
1.注意文章结构
写保护遗产地的文章，首段介绍保护遗产地的重要性（如：见证历史发展；是珍贵的文化资源）；主体段就如何保护遗产地提出具体的建议、方法、措施等（如限制游客数量、制定法律等）；尾段总结全文，呼吁人们采取行动。
2.采用正确的语言
遗产地保护是一个严肃的话题，写作时应使用非常清晰和直接的语言，也可以用一些情态动词来向人们表达保护遗产的义务。
3.选用正确的时态和人称
在介绍遗产地的现状时，应用一般现在时，介绍其过去的情况用一般过去时。人称以第三人称为主，第一人称为辅。
常用表达
开头语：
1. As we all know, our motherland is well-known for having so many great heritage sites, which we are very proud of.
2. In my opinion, all the cultural relics belong to all the peoples in the world rather than just one people.
3... are in danger of disappearing.
4. How to protect them has become an urgent problem.
遗产地的重要性：
1. Heritage sites are a symbol of great ancient civilization.
2. Heritage sites are of great value and protecting them can make us feel proud of our nation.
3. The protection of... is of great significance.
4. Heritage sites are valuable cultural resources, which help us to learn about what happened in the past.
5. There is no doubt that more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join protection activities.
保护遗产地的措施：
1. People's awareness of... should be raised.
2. We are calling on people to take action to preserve the cultural relics.
3. In order to raise awareness about protecting heritage sites, we…
4. The more they know about the importance of cultural heritage, the stronger support we can get from the public.
5. It is important/significant/one's duty to protect cultural heritage.
6. We should take more effective steps to better protect our cultural heritage.
7. Firstly, we should pay more attention to the environment pollution to protect our cultural relics.
8. The government should shoulder the main responsibility of protecting them.
9. If necessary, laws should be made to…
三、After-class
教师活动：让学生完成写作，组内修改，选择优秀文章进行展示
练习：假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部下周将举办主题为“保护历史文物”的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加此次活动。
内容包括：1.历史文物的重要性；
2.如何保护文物；
3.呼吁人们共同保护文物。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头已给出，但不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四、Summary
复习本节内容，完成同步练习。

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