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湖南省常德市汉寿县第一中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
一、听力选择题
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long has the rain lasted
A. 6 days. B. 5 days. C. 7 days.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will Michael do for holiday
A. Climb Mount Tai. B. Go to the seaside. C. Go somewhere near.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What makes Lucy unhappy
A Her English test. B. Her new hairstyle. C. Her friends'comments.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. At a bus station. B. At a train station. C. At an airport.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Headmaster and teacher.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where does the man work
A. On a plane. B. In a hospital. C. In a restaurant.
7. What does the man say about his work
A. Disappointing. B. Well－paid. C. Tiring.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Friends. B. Parent and child. C. Brother and sister.
9. How is the woman feeling about Mother’s Day
A. Uncertain. B. Excited. C. Sad.
10. What will the woman’s mother probably do on Mother’s Day
A. Have tea at a hotel. B. Have beauty treatments. C. Have some lessons.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where does the conversation take place
A. On the train. B. At the meeting. C. In the company.
12. How does the man feel at the sight of the woman
A. Surprised. B. Nervous. C. Unhappy.
13. What do we learn about the man
A. He likes trying something different.
B. He’s been busy with the meeting.
C. He’s considering changing his job.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What does the man have to do now
A. Plan a trip. B. Look for a job. C. Make a decision.
15. What does the woman think of the journey to South America
A. Dangerous. B. Exciting. C. Expensive.
16. What advice does the woman give to the man
A. Going abroad. B. Staying at home. C. Opening a bookstore.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why does Alice dislike flying
A. The luggage can get lost.
B. The long wait is unbearable.
C. The seats are uncomfortable.
18. Which means of transportation does Alice like best now
A. A bike. B. A bus. C. A train.
19. What is the relationship between Jeff and Alice
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter
20. What is the disadvantage of cycling in Jack’s opinion
A. It is extremely tiring.
B. It requires physical fitness.
C. It is greatly affected by weather.
二、阅读理解
Your 2018 Reading List, Provided by Bill Gates
Most of us can’t live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, but we can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2018—though some were published earlier.
Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2017)
The bestselling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vinci’s contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his scientific, technological, and creative output. “Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. That’s mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience,” said Gates.
The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui (2017)
Gates calls this graphic novel “really impressive”. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her to look into her own parents’ miserable history. “I was struck by how the experiences Bui illustrates manage to be both universal and specific to their circumstances,” said Gates.
Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018)
Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕) the basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln’s son, who died at 11 in real life. “Willie’s death after the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief he’s creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle,” said Gates.
Origin Story: A Big History of Everything, by David Christian (2018)
This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, online social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. “David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wish he talked more about the role innovation will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change,” said Gates.
21. Which books refer to the field of science
A. Origin Story and Leonardo da Vinci.
B. Lincoln in the Bardo and Origin Story.
C. Leonardo da Vinci and The Best We Could Do.
D. The Best We Could Do and Lincoln in the Bardo.
22. If you are interested in thrillers, whose book will you most probably choose
A. Walter Isaacson. B. Thi Bui.
C. George Saunders. D. David Christian.
23. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The Best We Could Do is an autobiography.
B. Lincoln in the Bardo has been warmly received.
C. David Christian talks much about the part that innovation will play.
D. Readers can only read about Leonardo da Vinci’s contributions towards art.
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels — rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss "realistic options" to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England, says: "Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions. "This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes."
24. What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage
A. 10-minute exercise. B. 20-minute exercise.
C. 60-minute exercise. D. 150-minute exercise.
25. What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B. Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C. Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
D. Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
26. What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph
A. People should spend less time on exercise.
B. People should lower their activity levels.
C. People should increase exercise properly.
D. People should achieve their current goals.
27. Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines
A. They are impractical. B. They are reasonable.
C. They have no effect on us. D. They are popular with people.
Americans like to visit the national parks. In 1996 over 250,000,000 people visited areas which are managed by the National Park Service. Experts say that by 2012, 500,000,000 people per year will visit the parks. As a result, people are trying to think of ways to protect the parks from the crowds.
The crowding of the parks has caused several problems. One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. To deal with this problem, you may have to book your tickets a few months ahead of time. The Park Service may also raise entrance fees (费) .
Another problem caused by increased park use is pollution. Some garbage and waste can be cleaned up, and the cleanup can be paid for by increased entrance fees. To cut down on noise pollution and air pollution, the number of cars allowed in parks may be limited. If this happens, people may use buses to travel around the parks. Officials may also limit the use of jet-skis, snow- mobiles, motor-boats, and sightseeing helicopters and planes.
The parks may also be in danger because of development that is going on around them. For example, around Yellow Stone Park, many hotels, golf courses, resorts, and other tourist attractions have been built. Some of these developments have effect on areas that are used by animals. People will have to learn to agree about ways to protect the parks. If they do not, there will soon be no reason to visit these national treasures.
28. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. Visitors will pay less than before.
B. The parks are not big enough to hold all visitors.
C. Visitors may not necessarily buy tickets ahead of time.
D. Only buses are allowed to enter the parks.
29. Entrance fees may be increased ________.
A. because the National Park Service are short of money
B. only for the development of the national parks
C. to protect the animals
D. mainly to limit the number of visitors
30. What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word “limited” in Paragraph 3
A. Enlarged. B. Admitted. C. Controlled. D. Concerned.
31. What can be inferred from the passage
A. High fees may probably keep some people out of parks.
B. Helicopters and planes will not be used in parks any longer.
C. The bus will become the only tool in parks in order to cut down pollution.
D. National Park Service will always welcome as many visitors as possible.
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees (枫树) getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants send through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening Obviously. Because we can watch the neighbors react.
Some plants give out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They give out smells designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was launching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk-to-each-other Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so in effect,was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to "overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
32. What does a plant do when it is under attack
A. It makes noises. B. It stands quietly.
C. It gets help from other plants. D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What will happen when the attackers' natural enemies arrive
A. The attackers will get attacked
B. The insects will gather under the table.
C. The plants will get ready to fight back.
D The attackers will give out smelly chemicals.
34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can_______
A. talk to one another on purpose
B. warn people of a coming danger
C. protect themselves against insects
D. help their neighbors who are under attack
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before.
C. We don't fully understand the world.
D. People in Darwin's time were more imaginative
Society tells us that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn’t have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a childlike way of learning can help people of any age take on and deal with new difficult tasks. ___36___.
Venture (冒险) outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields we’ re already good at, drive on the same roads to the same places, and fall into routines we re comfortable with. ___37___ Changing to something more difficult may have more cognitive benefits.
___38___ A fear of making mistakes is another reason why adults are so slow to learn new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That’s why it’s important to build up a support network of people — at work and at home — who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
Make a serious commitment and don’t give up. ___39___ If you can afford it, spending money on a new goal — for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian — might also make it harder to just give up.
Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to pay attention to one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. ___40___ For example, maybe you started learning a new language last year, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually to what you can handle.
A. Turn to your friends and family.
B. The following ways will do the trick.
C. Surround yourself with encouraging people and no fear for mistakes.
D. Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.
E. But all this similar routine limits the parts of the brain that we’re using regularly.
F. That doesn’t mean you should start all the new hobbies all at once, though.
G. So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.
三、完形填空
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. ____41____ , all you need to do is to change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is to ____42____ that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or colour it comes in. If you are very ____43____ about your weight or size, check with your doctor to make sure that things are OK. But it is nobody else’s ____44____ but your own what your body is like—in the end, you have to be ____45____ with yourself.
Next, identify which aspects of your ____46____ you can realistically change and which you can’t. Everyone, even the most perfect-seeming celebrity (名人), has things about themselves that they can’t change and need to ____47____ like their height or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can, do this by making ____48____ for yourself. For example, if you want to get ____49____ , make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal.
Meeting a(n) ____50____ you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem (自尊) !
When you hear ____51____ remarks coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try ____52____ your self-esteem by giving yourself three compliments (称赞) every day. Every evening, list three things in your day that really gave you ____53____ . It can be anything from the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your ____54____ band, to the way someone laughed at your jokes. By ____55____ the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.
41. A. Furthermore B. However C. Therefore D. As a result
42. A. maintain B. avoid C. recognize D. ensure
43. A. satisfied B. crazy C. curious D. worried
44. A. business B. firm C. effort D. effect
45. A. disappointed B. confused C. happy D. amazed
46. A. appearance B. ability C. ambition D. analysis
47. A. refuse B. apply C. preserve D. accept
48. A. mistakes B. wonders C. goals D. examples
49. A. fixed B. fit C. involved D. faint
50. A. opportunity B. trouble C. interest D. challenge
51. A. useful B. intelligent C. negative D. desperate
52. A. abandoning B. building C. damaging D. attracting
53. A. pleasure B. worry C. signals D. impression
54. A. own B. favourite C. private D. experimental
55. A. fixing on B. insisting on C. depending on D. focusing on
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Medicine Food
Medicine food is a unique cooking style in Chinese cuisine. It is ____56____ perfect combination of Chinese cooking and traditional Chinese medicine to get the effects of health keeping. It is also a skillful ____57____ (apply) of the yin and yang (阴阳) theory ____58____ (strengthen) the function of food and herbs.
The Chinese sort each type of vegetable and meat in terms of yin and yang, and combine vegetables with meat, ____59____ will make each cooked dish balanced.
During the 5th century BC, cooks created cuisines with medical values and developed Chinese art of cooking, ____60____ (use) the nature of food to balance the diet. There were rules on how to arrange daily diet and lists of certain herbs and vegetables that were ____61____ (benefit) to the body.
In the Song Dynasty, ____62____ was recorded that many diseases could be cured through proper diets. Different foods were sorted according to their original nature. Cold foods ____63____ (believe) to remove fever while warm foods reduce running noses.
Knowing the nature of individual foods ____64____ (enable) the Chinese to eat right food to protect varieties of inside organs and balance the yin and yang of the body. For example, sour food eases some disorders. _____65_____ (slight) sweet food relieves illness related to the veins and bitter food helps to cure an overheated body.
五、书面表达
66. 假设你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“My Best Friend”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.简要介绍你最喜欢的朋友；
2.说明你喜欢他/她的原因；
3.朋友在我们生活中的重要性。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
My Best Friend
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
67. It was 1939, and the Great Depression had made all our lives much harder. But we didn’t know how poor we were until our father sat my brother and me down on the couch in our living room to have a talk.
I will always remember the sad look in Father’s eyes as he stared down at his hands, rubbing them back and forth, while he searched for the words to tell us that our family wasn’t going to be celebrating Christmas this year.
A month later, on Christmas Eve, I lay awake in bed late into the night, trying to talk myself out of sneaking into our living room to see if Santa had come. I gathered my courage, then tiptoed down the hallway, hoping I would see the bright sparkling lights of our Christmas tree standing proudly in the corner of our living room, like it did every year.
Instead I was greeted by my seventeen-year-old brother, Frank, who slept on our living room couch. “Hey, little one, what are you doing up ” he whispered.
I started to cry. “There’s no Christmas tree.”
There would be no presents, no singing, no Christmas dinner. It felt like we were the saddest family in the world. My disappointment overwhelmed me. I looked forward to Christmas each year. It wasn’t only the presents. It was that special feeling I got from seeing my family happy. We hadn’t been happy in such a long time.
On Christmas morning the sun shone into our chilly bedroom, waking me up. “Maybe Santa came! Maybe he came!” I suddenly insisted. My eyes searched the living room, but there was no Christmas tree. I broke into uncontrollable tears.
I ran to Father in tears and threw my arms around him. “ We aren’t going to have Christmas this year.”
“Now, now, now, calm down. Go on in and see your mother. She will comfort you.” Dad slowly pushed the bedroom door open, leading me into the room.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With my question answered, everything dawned on me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________湖南省常德市汉寿县第一中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题
一、听力选择题
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long has the rain lasted
A. 6 days. B. 5 days. C. 7 days.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: It’s been raining since Monday, but the weather report says that tomorrow will be clear and sunny. Thank goodness, we can at last say goodbye to the rain.
W: That’s really good news. You know I always play football on Saturday, and I like to play in good weather.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will Michael do for holiday
A. Climb Mount Tai. B. Go to the seaside. C. Go somewhere near.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Michael, have you decided what you are doing for holiday
M: It depends. I’d like to climb Mount Tai, but my parents prefer spending it at the seaside.
W: Since we only have a three-day holiday, I suggest going somewhere near.
M: Well, I’ll follow my parents’ advice.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What makes Lucy unhappy
A. Her English test. B. Her new hairstyle. C. Her friends'comments.
【答案】C
【解析】
原文】W: What’s wrong with Lucy She seems unhappy. Did she fail the English test Or she dislikes her hairstyle
M: Neither. She doesn’t want any comments on her haircut from her friends.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation most probably take place
A. At a bus station. B. At a train station. C. At an airport.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: The announcement said passengers waiting to board should go to the ticket counter. I’ve got to go.
W: I’ll be seeing you. Have a smooth flight.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the relationship between the speakers
A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Headmaster and teacher.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Sorry, Miss Green. I failed your subject again but I really tried my best.
W: No one is sure to succeed every time. Cheer up, young man. You will have more chances.
M: Thank you, Miss Green. I’ll try harder next time.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where does the man work
A. On a plane. B. In a hospital. C. In a restaurant.
7. What does the man say about his work
A. Disappointing. B. Well－paid. C. Tiring.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: So how’s your new job going, David M: It’s going really well. I started two months ago, and it’s great. W: Which countries are you flying to M: Mostly those in South America. W: Do you have time to look around different cities M: I’m too tired after we land. W: Well, I know you serve drinks and meals and explain safety rules. What other duties do you have M: Let’s see. We help nervous or sick passengers. We also make sure people obey the safety rules.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Friends. B. Parent and child. C. Brother and sister.
9. How is the woman feeling about Mother’s Day
A. Uncertain. B. Excited. C. Sad.
10. What will the woman’s mother probably do on Mother’s Day
A. Have tea at a hotel. B. Have beauty treatments. C. Have some lessons.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you have any plans for Mother’s Day
M: Yes, my brother and I are taking my mom and eating her to a meal.
W: Oh, that’s nice. I did something similar last year. My mom and I went out for tea and cakes at a fancy hotel in Beijing.
M: What are you doing this year
W: Not sure yet. She’s always wanted to learn traditional Chinese calligraphy and I’ve found a great place where she can stay for a full weekend and take classes.
M: That sounds exciting!
W: But my aunt thinks my mom would be sad not to spend the actual day with me. She’s probably right. She thinks I should take my mom to get beauty treatments, instead. I don’t know.
M: Why not go for beauty treatments on Mother’s Day itself, and also arrange for your mom to have calligraphy lessons another weekend
W: Great idea!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where does the conversation take place
A. On the train. B. At the meeting. C. In the company.
12. How does the man feel at the sight of the woman
A. Surprised. B. Nervous. C. Unhappy.
13. What do we learn about the man
A. He likes trying something different.
B. He’s been busy with the meeting.
C. He’s considering changing his job.
【答案】11. A 12. A 13. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Aren’t you going to say “hello” to me
M: I beg your pardon Susan. My Gosh! Is it really you
W: Well, I’m not a ghost.
M: I’m so glad to see you. Are you going to the meeting, too
W: Of course. I didn’t expect to meet you on this train. I was feeling very nervous about going there all by myself.
M: I had no idea you were coming. Er… what are you busy with these days
W: Nothing different. What about you Do you still work there Such young people like you should have a bright future!
M: I’m considering working somewhere else, but I haven’t decided yet.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What does the man have to do now
A. Plan a trip. B. Look for a job. C. Make a decision.
15. What does the woman think of the journey to South America
A. Dangerous. B. Exciting. C. Expensive.
16. What advice does the woman give to the man
A. Going abroad. B. Staying at home. C. Opening a bookstore.
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
【原文】
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why does Alice dislike flying
A. The luggage can get lost.
B. The long wait is unbearable.
C. The seats are uncomfortable.
18. Which means of transportation does Alice like best now
A. A bike. B. A bus. C. A train.
19. What is the relationship between Jeff and Alice
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter
20. What is the disadvantage of cycling in Jack’s opinion
A. It is extremely tiring.
B. It requires physical fitness.
C. It is greatly affected by weather.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: What’s your favorite means of transportation, Jack
M: Oh, Alice, there’s no doubt that it is a plane. It’s the most comfortable and you get treated very well. Your luggage gets taken care of.
W: I can’t say I like it. Actually I think the biggest disadvantage in air travel is that your luggage can disappear and be sent all over the world.
M: Well, not in my experience. Some people may have the long wait, looking at the board and waiting for their flight. But I’m a fan. What’s your favorite means of transportation
W: Well, I used to like taking a bus best. It’s flexible and cheap. But it is not always reliable form of transportation. Now I’m a great fan of rail travel. I’ve got a rail card and it lets me go wherever I want.
M: But it’s slow.
W: Yes, but you’d hardly want to fly for a very short distance. My husband, Jeff, is a believer in exercise. He cycles everywhere. I know sometimes he’s very tired but he’s pretty fit.
M: I was just going to say how cold he’d feel and wet on cold, rainy days.
二、阅读理解
Your 2018 Reading List, Provided by Bill Gates
Most of us can’t live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, but we can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2018—though some were published earlier.
Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2017)
The bestselling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vinci’s contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his scientific, technological, and creative output. “Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. That’s mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience,” said Gates.
The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui (2017)
Gates calls this graphic novel “really impressive”. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her to look into her own parents’ miserable history. “I was struck by how the experiences Bui illustrates manage to be both universal and specific to their circumstances,” said Gates.
Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018)
Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕) the basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln’s son, who died at 11 in real life. “Willie’s death after the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief he’s creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle,” said Gates.
Origin Story: A Big History of Everything, by David Christian (2018)
This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, online social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. “David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wish he talked more about the role innovation will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change,” said Gates.
21. Which books refer to the field of science
A. Origin Story and Leonardo da Vinci.
B. Lincoln in the Bardo and Origin Story.
C. Leonardo da Vinci and The Best We Could Do.
D. The Best We Could Do and Lincoln in the Bardo.
22. If you are interested in thrillers, whose book will you most probably choose
A. Walter Isaacson. B. Thi Bui.
C. George Saunders. D. David Christian.
23. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. The Best We Could Do is an autobiography.
B. Lincoln in the Bardo has been warmly received.
C. David Christian talks much about the part that innovation will play.
D. Readers can only read about Leonardo da Vinci’s contributions towards art.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了由比尔盖茨在2018年推荐的四本书，这四本书包括：Leonardo da Vinci, The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, Lincoln in the Bardo,以及Origin Story: A Big History of Everything。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段第二句“it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science.”可知Origin Story 这本书提供了一门现代科学的短期课程，涉及到了科学领域，故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。倒数第二段的第二句“The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕) the basement of Willie Lincoln”可知Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders这本书是属于惊悚题材的，故对惊悚小说感兴趣可以读本书，可以去阅读George Saunders的书，故选C。
【23题详解】
判断推理题根据倒数第二段第一句“Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel.”可知Saunders凭借 Lincoln in the Bardo赢得了高度赞扬，可推理Lincoln in the Bardo这本书很受欢迎。故选B。
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels — rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss "realistic options" to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England, says: "Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions. "This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes."
24. What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage
A. 10-minute exercise. B. 20-minute exercise.
C. 60-minute exercise. D. 150-minute exercise.
25. What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B. Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C. Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
D. Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
26. What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph
A. People should spend less time on exercise.
B. People should lower their activity levels.
C. People should increase exercise properly.
D. People should achieve their current goals.
27. Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines
A. They are impractical. B. They are reasonable.
C. They have no effect on us. D. They are popular with people.
【答案】24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文主要讲述了人们当前对于运动量的不同意见。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段第一句话提出了当前的运动量是不切实际的，第二句话又进一步强调每周150分钟的运动量是人们很难达到的，故目前的运动建议量为150分钟。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）and some types of cancer.可知，不活动与心脏病，糖尿病以及部分癌症有关，也就是不活动可能会导致心脏病，糖尿病以及部分癌症。故D项正确。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary（久坐的） to make small incremental increases in their activity levels - rather than pushing to achieve current goals.可知，他建议应该久坐的人应该逐步小幅增加他们的运动量，而不是一下子达到目前的目标。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的前两句可以看出，作者使用了unrealistic，beyond the reach of some people等词汇，所以是不切实际的。故选A。
【名师点睛】
细节理解题有以下五类：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。
如此题中四小题结尾细节理解题。
What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage 为对应型，可以直接定位信息在第一段：Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals.
What can we learn from the second paragraph 为对应型，可以直接定位信息在第二段第一句话。
What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph 为语言转述型。根据第三段Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary（久坐的） to make small incremental increases in their activity levels - rather than pushing to achieve current goals.可以总结出他的建议。
Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines 为是非辨别型。根据文章的前两句可以看出作者使用了unrealistic，beyond the reach of some people等词汇，所以是不切实际的。BCD项不符合文章事实。
Americans like to visit the national parks. In 1996, over 250,000,000 people visited areas which are managed by the National Park Service. Experts say that by 2012, 500,000,000 people per year will visit the parks. As a result, people are trying to think of ways to protect the parks from the crowds.
The crowding of the parks has caused several problems. One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. To deal with this problem, you may have to book your tickets a few months ahead of time. The Park Service may also raise entrance fees (费) .
Another problem caused by increased park use is pollution. Some garbage and waste can be cleaned up, and the cleanup can be paid for by increased entrance fees. To cut down on noise pollution and air pollution, the number of cars allowed in parks may be limited. If this happens, people may use buses to travel around the parks. Officials may also limit the use of jet-skis, snow- mobiles, motor-boats, and sightseeing helicopters and planes.
The parks may also be in danger because of development that is going on around them. For example, around Yellow Stone Park, many hotels, golf courses, resorts, and other tourist attractions have been built. Some of these developments have effect on areas that are used by animals. People will have to learn to agree about ways to protect the parks. If they do not, there will soon be no reason to visit these national treasures.
28. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. Visitors will pay less than before.
B. The parks are not big enough to hold all visitors.
C. Visitors may not necessarily buy tickets ahead of time.
D. Only buses are allowed to enter the parks.
29. Entrance fees may be increased ________.
A. because the National Park Service are short of money
B. only for the development of the national parks
C. to protect the animals
D. mainly to limit the number of visitors
30. What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word “limited” in Paragraph 3
A. Enlarged. B. Admitted. C. Controlled. D. Concerned.
31. What can be inferred from the passage
A. High fees may probably keep some people out of parks.
B. Helicopters and planes will not be used in parks any longer.
C. The bus will become the only tool in parks in order to cut down pollution.
D. National Park Service will always welcome as many visitors as possible.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是：在美国，太多人参观国家公园带来的问题以及相应的对策。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The crowding of the parks has caused several problems. One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. （公园的拥挤造成了几个问题。 一个是没有足够的空间来容纳所有想要使用公园的人）”可知，对于想要使用公园的人来说，公园的空间是不足的。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. To deal with this problem, you may have to book your tickets a few months ahead of time. The Park Service may also raise entrance fees（一个是没有足够的空间来容纳所有想要使用公园的人。 为了解决这个问题，你可能需要提前几个月订票。 公园管理局也可能提高门票费用）”可知，提高门票的费用主要是为了限制游客的数量。故选D项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据句意和句中的短语cut down on（削减，减少）以及the number of cars可知，划线词limited的意义为“被限制；被控制”。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“One is that there is not enough space for all of the people who want to use the parks. To deal with this problem, you may have to book your tickets a few months ahead of time. The Park Service may also raise entrance fees（一个是没有足够的空间来容纳所有想要使用公园的人。 为了解决这个问题，你可能需要提前几个月订票。 公园管理局也可能提高门票费用）”可以推出，公园的门票费用高了，一些人可能就不去公园了。故选A项。
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees (枫树) getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants send through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening Obviously. Because we can watch the neighbors react.
Some plants give out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They give out smells designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was launching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk-to-each-other Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so in effect,was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to "overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
32. What does a plant do when it is under attack
A. It makes noises. B. It stands quietly.
C. It gets help from other plants. D. It sends out certain chemicals.
33. What will happen when the attackers' natural enemies arrive
A. The attackers will get attacked
B. The insects will gather under the table.
C. The plants will get ready to fight back.
D. The attackers will give out smelly chemicals.
34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can_______
A. talk to one another on purpose
B. warn people of a coming danger
C. protect themselves against insects
D. help their neighbors who are under attack
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before.
C. We don't fully understand the world.
D. People in Darwin's time were more imaginative
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“reported that young maple trees (枫树) getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. (据报道，幼小的枫树被昆虫咬伤后会散发出邻近植物能够闻到的特殊气味。这些化学物质来自工厂受损的部分，似乎是一种警报)”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was launching now becomes lunch. (一旦它们到达，局面就会逆转，攻击者现在变成了午餐)”可知，当攻击者的天敌到来时，攻击者则会成为天敌的午餐，即就会成为被攻击的对象。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题，根据倒数第三段“In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. (在一个又一个的研究中，似乎这些化学对话帮助了邻居们。第一个植物的损失通常更严重，但相对而言，邻居们更安全，因为他们听到了警报，知道该怎么做)”可知，植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质，通知周围的植物保持警惕，即植物会保护自己而免遭昆虫的侵扰。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.(想象一个比我们看到和听到的世界更繁忙，更嘈杂，更亲密的世界。我们的感官很脆弱。有很多事在发生)”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
Society tells us that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn’t have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a childlike way of learning can help people of any age take on and deal with new difficult tasks. ___36___.
Venture (冒险) outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields we’ re already good at, drive on the same roads to the same places, and fall into routines we re comfortable with. ___37___ Changing to something more difficult may have more cognitive benefits.
___38___ A fear of making mistakes is another reason why adults are so slow to learn new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That’s why it’s important to build up a support network of people — at work and at home — who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
Make a serious commitment and don’t give up. ___39___ If you can afford it, spending money on a new goal — for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian — might also make it harder to just give up.
Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to pay attention to one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. ___40___ For example, maybe you started learning a new language last year, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually to what you can handle.
A. Turn to your friends and family.
B. The following ways will do the trick.
C. Surround yourself with encouraging people and no fear for mistakes.
D. Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.
E. But all this similar routine limits the parts of the brain that we’re using regularly.
F. That doesn’t mean you should start all the new hobbies all at once, though.
G. So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.
【答案】36. B 37. E 38. C 39. D 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个让任何年龄的人都能够接受和迎接新的挑战的方法。
【36题详解】
根据空前的“A new study published in Human Development points out that using a childlike way of learning can help people of any age take on and deal with new difficult tasks.(发表在《人类发展》杂志上的一项新研究指出，使用孩子般的学习方式可以帮助任何年龄的人承担和处理新的困难任务)”可知，发表在《人类发展》杂志上的一项新研究指出，使用孩子般的学习方法可以帮助任何年龄的人接受和迎接新的挑战；文章下文详细介绍了让任何年龄的人都能够接受和迎接新的挑战的方法；设空处应该用一个过渡句引出这些方法，B项“The following ways will do the trick.(下面的策略会奏效)”符合语境。故选B。
【37题详解】
上文“As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields we’re already good at, drive on the same roads to the same places, and fall into routines we re comfortable with.(作为成年人，我们倾向于日复一日地使用类似的技能：我们从事我们已经擅长的领域的工作，在同样的道路上开车去同样的地方，并陷入我们习以为常的日常生活中)”指出作为成年人，我们每日做着类似的日常活动，使用类似的技能；下文“Changing to something more difficult may have more cognitive benefits.(改变更困难的东西可能对认知有更多的好处)”指出做出改变走出舒适区去挑战更难的事情对认知有更多的好处；由此可知，设空处阐述重复使用类似的技能与一成不变的习惯对我们的影响；E选项“But all this similar routine limits the parts of the brain that we’re using regularly.(但所有这些类似的日常活动限制了我们经常使用的大脑部分)”阐述类似的日常活动限制了认知能力的发展，符合语境。故选E。
【38题详解】
此处为本段主题句，根据本段内容，特别是“That’s why it’s important to build up a support network of people — at work and at home — who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.(这就是为什么建立一个由工作和家庭中的人组成的支持网络很重要，他们可以允许你犯错误并从中吸取教训)”可知，本段讲的是要和支持你的人在一起，他们让你不害怕犯错误并能够从错误中吸取教训，C项“Surround yourself with encouraging people and no fear for mistakes.(和鼓励你的人在一起，不要害怕犯错)”建议结交能够给人以鼓励的人且不要害怕犯错，符合本段主旨。故选C。
【39题详解】
由上文“Make a serious commitment and don’t give up.(做出认真的承诺，不要放弃)”可知，本段主要阐述要做一个严肃的承诺且不要放弃；下文“If you can afford it, spending money on a new goal — for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian — might also make it harder to just give up.(如果你负担得起，把钱花在一个新的目标上——比如，预定一次去罗马的旅行来练习意大利语——可能也会让你更难放弃)”举例说明如何设置一个让自己难以放弃的目标；D项“Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.(告诉朋友你的新目标可以帮助你保持动力)”举例说明如何让自己设置目标并能够坚持下去，选项中的“new goal”与上文中的“commitment”以及下文中的“new goal”相呼应；由此可知，D选项符合语境。故选D。
【40题详解】
下文“For example, maybe you started learning a new language last year, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually to what you can handle.(例如，也许你去年开始学习一门新语言，今年你增加了唱歌课程，明年你尝试其他的东西。你可以逐渐增加你能处理的事情)”举例说明不必一下子开始所有的新尝试，可以循序渐进根据自己的能力逐步添加内容；F选项“That doesn’t mean you should start all the new hobbies all at once, though.(但这并不意味着你应该一次开始所有的新爱好)”与上文“But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. (但是把时间和精力分成三到四个领域会让你的大脑向各个不同的方向伸展)”构成转折关系，指出尽管把时间和精力分成三到四个领域会让大脑不同方面得到发展，但是并不意味着要立刻开始尝试所有的爱好，选项中的“That”指代上文阐述的内容；由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F。
三、完形填空
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. ____41____ , all you need to do is to change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is to ____42____ that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or colour it comes in. If you are very ____43____ about your weight or size, check with your doctor to make sure that things are OK. But it is nobody else’s ____44____ but your own what your body is like—in the end, you have to be ____45____ with yourself.
Next, identify which aspects of your ____46____ you can realistically change and which you can’t. Everyone, even the most perfect-seeming celebrity (名人), has things about themselves that they can’t change and need to ____47____ like their height or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can, do this by making ____48____ for yourself. For example, if you want to get ____49____ , make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal.
Meeting a(n) ____50____ you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem (自尊) !
When you hear ____51____ remarks coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try ____52____ your self-esteem by giving yourself three compliments (称赞) every day. Every evening, list three things in your day that really gave you ____53____ . It can be anything from the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your ____54____ band, to the way someone laughed at your jokes. By ____55____ the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.
41. A. Furthermore B. However C. Therefore D. As a result
42. A. maintain B. avoid C. recognize D. ensure
43. A. satisfied B. crazy C. curious D. worried
44. A. business B. firm C. effort D. effect
45. A. disappointed B. confused C. happy D. amazed
46. A. appearance B. ability C. ambition D. analysis
47. A. refuse B. apply C. preserve D. accept
48. A. mistakes B. wonders C. goals D. examples
49. A. fixed B. fit C. involved D. faint
50. A. opportunity B. trouble C. interest D. challenge
51. A. useful B. intelligent C. negative D. desperate
52. A. abandoning B. building C. damaging D. attracting
53. A. pleasure B. worry C. signals D. impression
54. A. own B. favourite C. private D. experimental
55. A. fixing on B. insisting on C. depending on D. focusing on
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。有些人认为他们需要改变自己的外表或行为来让自己感觉良好，然而，你所需要做的就是改变你看待自己身体的方式，以及你对自己的看法。文章就如何改变看待自己身体的方式，以及对自己的看法提出了建议。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你所需要做的就是改变你看待自己身体的方式，以及你对自己的看法。A. Furthermore此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. As a result结果。上文“Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. (有些人认为他们需要改变自己的外表或行为来让自己感觉良好。)”和下文“all you need to do is to change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself. (你所需要做的就是改变你看待自己身体的方式，以及你对自己的看法。)”是转折关系，应用however。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先要做的是认识到你的身体是你自己的，不管它是什么体形、大小或颜色。A. maintain维持；B. avoid避免；C. recognize识别；认识；D. ensure确保。由下文“that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or colour it comes in”可知，我们要认识到身体是自己的，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 如果你非常担心自己的体重或体型，请与医生联系，确保一切正常。A. satisfied满意的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. curious好奇的；D. worried担忧的。由下文“check with your doctor to make sure that things are OK”可知，如果你担心自己的体重或体型，你要与医生联系，确保一切正常，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，你的身体是什么样子，这不是别人的事，而是你自己的事——最终，你必须对自己感到满意。A. business生意；事情；B. firm公司；C. effort努力；D. effect效果。由上文“your body is your own”可知，身体是自己的，与别人无关，即不关别人的事，故选A。
45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，你的身体是什么样子，这不是别人的事，而是你自己的事——最终，你必须对自己感到满意。A. disappointed失望的；B. confused困惑的；C. happy高兴的；D. amazed惊讶的。由下文“with yourself”可知，身体是自己的，我们最终要做到对自己满意，be happy with固定搭配，意为“对……满意”，故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来，确定你外表的哪些方面可以切实改变，哪些不可以。A. appearance外貌；B. ability能力；C. ambition雄心；D. analysis分析。 由下文“you can realistically change and which you can’t”可知，此处指确定你外表的哪些方面可以切实改变，哪些不可以，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人，甚至是最完美的名人，都有自己无法改变的东西，他们需要接受自己无法改变的东西，比如他们的身高或鞋码。A. refuse拒绝；B. apply申请；C. preserve保存；D. accept接受。由上文“Everyone, even the most perfect-seeming celebrity (名人), has things about themselves that they can’t change”可知，甚至是最完美的名人，都有自己无法改变的东西，所以他们要接受自己无法改变的东西。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想改变自己的某些方面，并且你可以做到，那么就为自己制定目标。A. mistakes错误；B. wonders奇迹；C. goals目标；D. examples例子。由下文“Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal.”可知，此处指制定目标，goal属于同词复现，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你想变得健康，制定一个计划，每天锻炼和吃有营养的食物。A. fixed固定的；B. fit健康的；C. involved参与的；D. faint模糊的。由下文“make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods”可知，每天锻炼和吃有营养的食物是为了变得健康，故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：迎接你为自己设定的挑战是提升自尊心的好方法。A. opportunity机会；B. trouble麻烦；C. interest兴趣；D. challenge挑战。由下文“you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem(自尊) !”可知，迎接你为自己设定的挑战是提升自尊心的好方法。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你听到来自内心的负面评论时，告诉自己停下来。A. useful有用的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. negative消极的；D. desperate绝望地。由下文“tell yourself to stop”和“by giving yourself three compliments (称赞) every day.”提到的我们要赞美自己可知，当你听到来自内心的负面评论时，要告诉自己停下来，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：试着通过每天给自己三次赞美来建立你的自尊。A. abandoning遗弃；B. building建造；建立；C. damaging损害；D. attracting吸引。由下文“your self-esteem by giving yourself three compliments (称赞) every day.”可知，通过赞美来建立你的自尊，故选B。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上，列出你一天中真正给你带来快乐的三件事。A. pleasure快乐；B. worry担忧；C. signals信号；D. impression印象。下文“It can be anything from the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your____14____band, to the way someone laughed at your jokes. ”列举了一些使你快乐的事，所以此处指列出你一天中真正给你带来快乐的三件事，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它可以是任何东西，从太阳照在你脸上的感觉，你最喜欢的乐队的声音，到有人因你的笑话而发笑的方式。A. own自己的；B. favourite最喜欢的；C. private私有的；D. experimental实验的。上文指出要列出你一天中真正给你带来快乐的三件事，此处举例子来说明，即听到你最喜欢的乐队唱歌，这会让人开心，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过专注于你做的好事和你生活中积极的方面，你可以改变你对自己的感觉。A. fixing on修理；B. insisting on坚持；C. depending on依靠；D. focusing on集中于；专注于。由下文“the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.”可知，专注于你做的好事和你生活中积极的方面，这样你可以改变你对自己的感觉。故选D。
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Medicine Food
Medicine food is a unique cooking style in Chinese cuisine. It is ____56____ perfect combination of Chinese cooking and traditional Chinese medicine to get the effects of health keeping. It is also a skillful ____57____ (apply) of the yin and yang (阴阳) theory ____58____ (strengthen) the function of food and herbs.
The Chinese sort each type of vegetable and meat in terms of yin and yang, and combine vegetables with meat, ____59____ will make each cooked dish balanced.
During the 5th century BC, cooks created cuisines with medical values and developed Chinese art of cooking, ____60____ (use) the nature of food to balance the diet. There were rules on how to arrange daily diet and lists of certain herbs and vegetables that were ____61____ (benefit) to the body.
In the Song Dynasty, ____62____ was recorded that many diseases could be cured through proper diets. Different foods were sorted according to their original nature. Cold foods ____63____ (believe) to remove fever while warm foods reduce running noses.
Knowing the nature of individual foods ____64____ (enable) the Chinese to eat right food to protect varieties of inside organs and balance the yin and yang of the body. For example, sour food eases some disorders. _____65_____ (slight) sweet food relieves illness related to the veins and bitter food helps to cure an overheated body.
【答案】56. a 57. application
58. to strengthen
59. which 60. using
61. beneficial
62. it 63. were believed
64. enables
65. Slightly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍药膳。它是中国烹饪和传统中药的完美结合，达到保健的效果。
【56题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：它是中国烹饪和传统中药的完美结合，达到保健的效果。此处泛指“一种完美的结合”，其中perfect是以辅音音素开头的词，前面加不定冠词a。故填a。
【57题详解】
考查名词。句意：这也是对阴阳理论的巧妙运用，以增强食物和草药的功能。根据空前的形容词和不定冠词a可知，此处用单数名词；所给动词apply的名词形式是application。故填application。
【58题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这也是对阴阳理论的巧妙运用，以增强食物和草药的功能。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。
【59题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：中国人根据阴阳对各种蔬菜和肉类进行分类，并将蔬菜和肉类结合起来，这样每道菜都能达到平衡。该空引导非限制性定语从句，前面整个句子作先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【60题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：公元前5世纪，厨师们创造了具有医学价值的菜肴，并发展了中国的烹饪艺术，利用食物的性质来平衡饮食。逻辑主语cooks与动词use是主谓关系，用现在分词（doing）表主动，作伴随状语。故填using。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有关于如何安排日常饮食的规则，以及某些对身体有益的草药和蔬菜的清单。固定搭配：be beneficial to，意为“有益于”，其中be动词后面用形容词作表语。故填beneficial。
【62题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：在宋代，据记载，许多疾病都可以通过适当的饮食来治愈。此处it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填it。
【63题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：冷的食物被认为可以退烧，而热的食物则可以减少流鼻涕。根据In the Song Dynasty可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情；句子主语Cold foods是复数形式，和谓语动词believe之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态。故填were believed。
【64题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：了解个别食物的性质，使中国人吃正确的食物，以保护内部器官的多样性，平衡身体的阴阳。该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：微甜的食物可以缓解与静脉有关的疾病，苦味的食物有助于治疗身体过热。句中sweet是形容词，由副词修饰，副词作状语，且位于句子开头，首字母用大写。故填Slightly。
五、书面表达
66. 假设你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“My Best Friend”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.简要介绍你最喜欢的朋友；
2.说明你喜欢他/她的原因；
3.朋友在我们生活中重要性。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
My Best Friend
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My Best Friend
It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend. My best friend is Li Ping, who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class. Not only does she do well in her academic subjects, but she is also ready to help others.
Undoubtedly, what brings us together are common interests and hobbies. There are two things that we enjoy doing together: reading literary works and listening to classical music. More importantly, we share similar views on life and the world around us.
As emotional creatures, we human beings need family affection as well as friendship. Without friends, our life would be like a wild desert.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“My Best Friend”为题，写一篇短文参加学校正在组织的英语作文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
活泼的：lively → active
在……方面干得好：do well in → be good at
看法：view → opinion
帮助：help → aid/assist
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：As emotional creatures, we human beings need family affection as well as friendship.
拓展句：As emotional creatures, we human beings not only need family affection, but also need friendship.
【点睛】[高分句型1] My best friend is Li Ping, who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only does she do well in her academic subjects, but she is also ready to help others. (运用了部分倒装结构)
67. It was 1939, and the Great Depression had made all our lives much harder. But we didn’t know how poor we were until our father sat my brother and me down on the couch in our living room to have a talk.
I will always remember the sad look in Father’s eyes as he stared down at his hands, rubbing them back and forth, while he searched for the words to tell us that our family wasn’t going to be celebrating Christmas this year.
A month later, on Christmas Eve, I lay awake in bed late into the night, trying to talk myself out of sneaking into our living room to see if Santa had come. I gathered my courage, then tiptoed down the hallway, hoping I would see the bright sparkling lights of our Christmas tree standing proudly in the corner of our living room, like it did every year.
Instead, I was greeted by my seventeen-year-old brother, Frank, who slept on our living room couch. “Hey, little one, what are you doing up ” he whispered.
I started to cry “There’s no Christmas tree.”
There would be no presents, no singing, no Christmas dinner. It felt like we were the saddest family in the world. My disappointment overwhelmed me. I looked forward to Christmas each year. It wasn’t only the presents. It was that special feeling I got from seeing my family happy. We hadn’t been happy in such a long time.
On Christmas morning, the sun shone into our chilly bedroom, waking me up. “Maybe Santa came! Maybe he came!” I suddenly insisted. My eyes searched the living room, but there was no Christmas tree. I broke into uncontrollable tears.
I ran to Father in tears and threw my arms around him. “ We aren’t going to have Christmas this year.”
“Now, now, now, calm down. Go on in and see your mother. She will comfort you.” Dad slowly pushed the bedroom door open, leading me into the room.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With my question answered, everything dawned on me.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed something different in the bedroom. “Merry Christmas, my dearest child ,”said Mom with her two warm arms holding me gently. “What is this in the sparkling box Do you want to know ” Then she put it into my hands and told me to open it .Excitedly I uncovered it , in the box lay a tiny music box with a small Christmas tree on it. How wonderful it looked! “But Dad told me that it is the Great Depression now, and we are living a hard life .How could you get the money for my Christmas gift ” Mother told me that she had sold her gold ring .
With my question answered, everything dawned on me. It was mother’s truest love for her dearest child that made her sell her favourite gold ring which had accompanied her for a long time. No mother in the world would like to disappoint her child on such an important day. I kissed Mom on her cheeks saying Merry Christmas to her . That special music box taught me a lesson—no matter how tough the life is , my family would face it bravely as long as there is love in our heart.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物情感为线索展开，讲述了作者在美国经济大萧条时期家庭困难没钱买圣诞树过圣诞节的故事。根据原文所述，作者在圣诞节早上醒来没发现一丁点的圣诞节节日迹象后开始失望地哭闹起来，谁知妈妈在卧室里像变戏法一样地送他一份圣诞节礼物，为贫困的家庭带来节日的气息。
【详解】【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在我眼角的余光里，我发现房间里有些不一样的东西。”可知，第一段可描写“不一样的东西”，是什么，它怎么来的以及作者情绪的细微变化。
②由第二段首句内容“我的问题得到回答后，我明白了一切。”可知，第二段可描写作者明白了事情的真相以及得到了什么感悟，从妈妈对孩子的爱和孩子的感激之情入手。
2.续写线索：发现不一样的东西——卖金戒指——音乐盒——提问——感激——感悟
3.词汇激活行为类
①打开：uncovered it/opened it
②生活艰难：living a hard life/ living a tough life
③.陪伴：accompany her/ have its company/be with her
情绪类
①.兴奋：excitedly/ thrilledly
②.勇敢：bravely/courageously
【点睛】[高分句型1]. That special music box taught me a lesson—no matter how tough the life is , my family would face it bravely as long as there is love in our heart.（no matter how引导的让步状语从句和as long as引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. It was mother’s truest love for her dearest child that made her sell her favourite gold ring which had accompanied her for a long time.（It is …that… 强调句，及由关系代词which引导限制性定语从句）

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