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Unit 13 Section A 3a-3b
1. hear of shark fin soup听说过鱼翅羹
2. be harmful to.../do harm to...对……有害
3.Throw ... back into the ocean 把...扔回到大海里
4. bring danger to all ocean life给所有的海洋生物带来危险
5. be endangered濒临灭绝
6. at the top of the food chain in the ocean's ecosystem
在海洋生态系统中处于食物链顶端
7. in this industry 在这个行业
8. fall by over 90 percent 下降超过90%
9. develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins立法来阻止鱼翅销售
10.food chain 食物链
11.the ocean’s ecosystem 海洋生态系统
12.bring danger to ... 把危险带个...
13.be endangered = be in danger 处于濒危中
14.In fact = actually 事实上
15.fall by + 百分数 “下降了...”
16.In the last 20 to 30 years 在过去的二三十年里
17.develop laws 制定法律
18.the sale of ... ...的销售
1.hear, hear from, hear of与hear＋(that)从句的区别
hear, hear from, hear of与hear＋(that)从句的用法：
(1)hear单独使用时表示“听见；听到”，常用的结构有：hear sb./sth.，意为“听到某人或某物的声音”。如：
I can't hear anything at all.我根本就听不到任何声音。
1)hear sb. do sth.意为“听到某人做某事”。如：
I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.我经常在早上听到李平读英语。
2)hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”。如：
I heard him singing in the next room.我听到他正在隔壁房间唱歌。
(2)hear from sb.意为“收到……的信；得到……的消息”。如：
Haven't you heard from your father yet 你还没有收到你父亲的信吗？
(3)hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词、代词或动名词。如：
①You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes.你也许从未听说过埃米·海斯。
②I've never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
(4)hear＋(that)从句，意为“听说……”。如：
One day, he heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.
他听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
2.not only... but also... “不仅...而且...”
作主语时需要用临近原则
Not only Betty but also I am interested in this book.
不仅贝蒂而且我也对这本书感兴趣。
3.cruel (形容词) “残忍的”
常用搭配：be cruel to sb./ sth. 对某人/某物残忍
They are cruel to the animals. 他们对动物残忍。
4.harmful 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语
be harmful to “对……有害的”。
Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语
do harm to “对……有害”，相当于be harmful to.
Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 吸烟过多对他的健康有害。
5.at the top of ... 在...顶端
There is a man at the top of the mountain. 山顶上有个人。
6.the number of + 可数名词复数 “...的数量” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数
A number of + 可数名词复数 “许多...” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数
The number of students is 2000. 学生的数量是2000人。
A number of students are from China.许多学生来自中国。
7.some kinds of ... 几种...
a kind of ... 一种...
all kinds of ... 各种各样的...
different kinds of... 不同种类的
kind of + 形容词 “有点...”
This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。
not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。
如：She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本， 还饰演其中的角色。
He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
如：Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装。
如：Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。
2. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。
no longer意思是“不再”
e.g. I’m no longer a student.我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和no longer同义，即not…any longer和not…any more，但他们侧重的方面不同。
no longer和not…any longer侧重时间。
e.g. He no longer lives here. = He doesn’t live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。)
not…any more侧重程度和数量
e.g. You can drink no more. = You can’t drink any more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)
The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
“the numbers of... ”是“the number of…”的复数形式。
The numbers of different kinds of flowers are growing quickly.
the number of...与a number of...
the number of... ……的数量
“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
a number of...一些；许多“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A number of measures have been taken to protect wild animals because the number of them has become smaller and smaller.
“fall by” 意为“下降了”，by表示变化的幅度。fall to意为“下降到”。
Last year, the price of this kind of car was 100, 000 yuan. This year it falls to 80, 000 yuan. It falls by 20 percent.

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