资源简介

Unit 5 Languages Around The World
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　billion　 n.十亿
2.　native　 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人
3.　attitude　 n.态度；看法
4.　system　 n.体系；制度；系统
5.　despite　 prep.即使；尽管
6.　factor　 n.因素；要素
7.　means　 n.方式；方法；途径
8.　classic　 adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著
9.　regard　 n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
10.　character　 n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
11.　affair　 n.公共事务；事件；关系
12.　specific　 adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
13.　struggle　 n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
14.　subway　 n.地铁
15.　apartment　 n.公寓套房
16.　vocabulary　 n.词汇
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　refer　 vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→　reference　 n.提到；参考
2.　base　 vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据→based　 adj.以（某事）为基础的；以……为重要部分（或特征）的→　basic　 adj.基本的；基础的→　basically　 adv.从根本上说→　basis　 n.准则；方式；基础
3.　symbol　 n.符号；象征→　symbolic　 adj.象征性的；作为象征的→　symbolize　 vt.是……的象征
4.　vary　 vt.& vi.变化；改变 →　variety　 n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化→　various/varied　 adj.不同的；各种各样的
5.　major　 adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→　majority　 n.大多数→　minority　 n.少数
6.　globe　 n.球体；地球仪；地球→　global　 adj.全球的；全世界的→　globally　 adv.全球地→globalisation n.全球化
7.　appreciate　 vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→　appreciation　 n.欣赏；感激；感谢
8.　beg　 vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→　beggar　 n.乞丐
9.　equal　 n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→　equality　 n.平等；相等→　equally　 adv.同样地；相等地；平均地
10.　demand　 n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→　demanding　 adj.要求高的
11.　describe　 vt.描述→　description　 n.描写（文字）；形容
12.　relate　 vt.联系；讲述→　related　 adj.相关的；有联系的→　relation　 n.关系
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.bone　n.　骨头；骨（质）　
2.shell　n.　壳；壳状物　
3.carve　vt.& vi.　雕刻　
4.dynasty　n.　王朝；朝代　
5.dialect　n.　地方话；方言　
6.calligraphy　n.　书法；书法艺术　
7.tongue　n.　舌头；语言　
8.semester　n.　学期　
9.petrol　n.　汽油　
10.pants　n.　内裤；短裤；裤子　
11.gap　n.　间隔；开口；差距　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　date back （to...）　 追溯到
2.　point of view　 观点；看法
3.refer to 　指的是；描述；提到；查阅　
4.ups and downs 　浮沉；兴衰；荣辱　
5.at/in the beginning 　起初　
6.depend on 　取决于；依靠　
7.relate to 　与……相关；涉及；谈到　
8.take on 　承担；呈现；雇用；装载　
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.That writing system 　was of great importance　in uniting the Chinese people and culture. （"be of＋名词"结构）
那个书写体系对中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
2.It was exercise for the brain； 　the more I learnt of a language， the more my brain would grow　.（the more...， the more...）
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就发育得越好。
3.Even today， 　no matter where Chinese people live　 or what dialect they speak， they can all still communicate in writing. （no matter where引导状语从句）
即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。
4.I used to get high marks in English， but now I’m 　having a lot of trouble with my listening　. （have trouble with sth.）
我过去英语经常能考高分，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。
5.There are many reasons 　why this has been possible　， but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.（the reason why...）
这成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素是中国的书写体系。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.　Despite　（尽管） the challenges， our team take an optimistic attitude to our work.
2.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating 　systems　（系统）， so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
3.The area where I grew up has been all modernized and has lost all its old 　character　（特点）.
4.She has such a positive 　attitude　 towards life that she is not afraid to face any unexpected challenge.
5.Exams are not the only 　means　 of assessing a student’s ability， which is affected by many factors.
6.The people of this country will continue in their 　struggle　 for independence.
7.To fight against 　global　 warming， scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel consumption.
8.This is a very difficult piece of music to play — it 　demands　 a lot of concentration.
9.The Great Wall， a 　symbol　of China， is a must-see attraction for tourists from home and abroad.
10.Night-Shining White， now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art， is 　regarded　 as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.　Referring　 to the related 　reference　 material， you will finish the task smoothly. （refer）
2.He expressed his 　appreciation　（appreciate） for my showing him around the city， and said the city was beautiful beyond 　description　（describe）.
3.There are 　various/varied　 goods in the supermarket， and the rich 　variety　 attracts many customers. Besides，the price is quite reasonable， 　varying　 from cents to dollars. （vary）
4.　Basically　 speaking， theory is based　 on practice， so make sure your plan can be carried out on a practical basis　. （base）
5.The good thing about our boss is that she regards us all as 　equals　， and we are treated 　equally　 in the workplace.（equal）
6.Most people agree that there is a cause-effect 　relation　 between obesity and unhealthy eating. In other words， your health is 　related　 to what you eat. （relate）
7.The 　majority　（major） of applicants thought the job was 　demanding　（demand）， but they still wanted to have a try.
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
refer to　relate to　date back to
ups and downs　take on　depend on
1.People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways， 　depending　on　 where you live.
2.The writer and professor， whom I 　referred to　 at the meeting， is famous for these excellent works.
3.In the past ten years， great changes have taken place in my lovely hometown， making it 　take on　 a new look.
4.It’s common that we may experience some 　ups and 　downs　 on our way to being an adult. But all of them are sure to make us better and stronger.
5.In an article， each topic sentence should 　relate to　 the title.
6.In our village stood a temple 　dating back to　 the Tang Dynasty.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.清晨早起对我们的健康非常有益。（"be of＋名词"结构）
Getting up early in the morning is of great benefit　 to our health.
2.起初我以为我明白了老师说的话，但是他越解释我就变得越迷惑。（the more...， the more...）
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said， but the more he explained， the more confused I became　.
3.不管毕业后我去哪里，我都会珍惜我们的友谊并且永远想念你。（no matter where引导状语从句）
　No matter where I go after graduation　， I will cherish our friendship and miss you forever.
4.如果你在公众演讲方面有困难，请尽管找我帮忙。（have trouble with sth.）
If you 　have trouble with public speaking　， please feel free to turn to me for help.
5.你需要对每一本小说作出客观的评价，并且解释你推荐它们的原因。（the reason why...）
You need to make objective comments on each novel and explain the reason 　why you recommend them　.Unit 5 Languages Around The World
1.What’s your native language？ My mother tongue is Chinese. No matter where I live， I regard Chinese characters as the most beautiful words. One of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning， written Chinese was based on pictures. It dates back to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved. As time went by， varieties of characters were formed. After Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country， the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. In modern times， written Chinese has become an important means of connecting the present with the past. Besides， as China plays a greater role in global affairs， more foreigners begin to appreciate Chinese culture.
2.To learn a specific foreign language well demands a wide vocabulary， which is really a struggle for many learners though most of the time they can refer to a dictionary. However，from my point of view， despite the great difficulty， learning another language is a good thing，through which we can read other countries’ classics and learn different cultures of equal beauty.
1　　base vt.以……为据点；把（总部等）设在；以……为基础　n.底部；根据
1.[外研选必③－4]The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a 　basic　（base） form of AI which can’t think independently without programming.
2.[北师选必③－8]His travels were the 　basis　（base） for his works of more than 2，000 poems，of which approximately 1，800 are still read today.
3.为了鼓励学生定期锻炼，我们学校特举办此次活动。 （活动目的）
　To encourage students to exercise on a regular basis　， our school specially holds this activity.
4.The novel was based on an interesting story and it had a large audience.
　Based on an interesting story， the novel had a large audience.　（分词作状语）
★be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据…… ★basis n. 基础，根据，基准 on the basis of 根据 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ★basic adj. 基本的，基础的
2　　means n.方式；方法；途径
1.[外研选必①－2]I honour endurance， perseverance， industry， talent； because these are the means 　by　 which men achieve great ends...
点拨
句意：我崇敬耐力、毅力、勤奋、才能；因为这些是人类达到伟大目的的方式……
2.Every means 　has been tried　（try）， but we still can’t find a possible solution.
点拨
（1） means单复数同形，同类的名词还有deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊），species（物种），Chinese， Japanese等。
（2）means 作主语，由 every， each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；由all， several， many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
3.要想学好汉语，就不要害怕跟当地人沟通，只有这样你才能取得进步。 （建议信）
To learn Chinese well， you shouldn’t be afraid to communicate with local people， and 　only by this means can you make progress　（means）.
★a means of （doing） sth. （做）某事的方法（means单复数同形） ★by means of 用；依靠；通过 by all means 当然可以（口语） by no means 决不；一点也不 （位于句首，句子要部分倒装） ★用这种方法：by this means， in this way， in this manner， with this method
3　　regard n.尊重；关注　vt.把……视为；看待
1.[外研选必②－5]Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years，and are regarded 　as　 living fossils.
2.[人教选必③－3]Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations 　regarding　（regard） further industrial development.
点拨
（1）regarding是介词，意为"关于"。近年的考情如下：
☆[2022北京]Regarding Johnson’s concerns， the author feels sympathetic.
☆[2021新高考Ⅰ]Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects ...
（2）与此用法类似的是concern（v. 涉及，使担忧）→concerning（prep. 关于，涉及），include（v. 包括）→including（prep. 包括……在内）
3.汉字被认为是中国文化的代表，具有特别重要的地位。 （中国文化）
→①Chinese characters 　are regarded as　 the representative of Chinese culture and enjoy a particularly important position.
→②　Regarded as　 the representative of Chinese culture， Chinese characters enjoy a particularly important position.（分词短语作状语）
★regard/look on/consider/view...as... 把……视为…… ★give regards to sb. 向某人致意 in/with regard to 关于 ★regarding prep. 关于
4　　appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激（be grateful）；领会，意识到（realize）　vi.增值
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[译林必修③－3]Best of all， I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes， instead of through my smartphone camera. 　vt.欣赏　
②We haven’t fully appreciated that there are many misunderstandings because of language barriers. 　vt.领会，意识到　
③I can’t thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person who I am. 　vt.感激　
2.[人教选必②－1]His deep 　appreciation　（appreciate） for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
3.I really appreciate him 　offering　（offer）to help me， but I am sure that I will be able to finish this task by myself.
4.如果你能给我一些实用的建议，我将不胜感激。（appreciate） （求助信）
　I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical suggestions.　
★appreciate （sb./sb’s） doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激。 ★appreciation n.欣赏；感激 express/convey one’s appreciation to sb. 表达对某人的感激之情
5　　equal n.同等的人；相等物　adj.相同的；同样的　vt.比得上，敌得过
1.All men are born equal. Many women are equal 　to　 any challenge just as men， so they hope to be treated 　equally　（equal）in the job market，which I believe is an unstoppable social trend.
2.要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
Be positive and cheerful， for 　your mental health is of equal importance to your physical health　.（be of＋抽象名词）
3.我确信我可以胜任做中国文化展的志愿者。 （申请信）
I’m convinced that 　I’m equal to being a volunteer　 for the Chinese Culture Exhibition.（be equal to）
★be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任（做）某事 equal sb./sth. in （doing） sth. 在（做）某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 ★equally adv. 平等地，同样地 equality n.平等，相等
6　　demand n.要求；需要　vi.查问　vt.强烈要求；需要
1.[译林选必③－2]The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are 　demanding　（demand）， but they can also be extremely rewarding.
2.With the English contest approaching， there is an urgent need for a foreign judge. （求助信）
→With the English contest approaching， 　a foreign judge is in great demand　.（用demand改写画线部分）
3.该俱乐部要求其成员能讲至少两门外语。 （通知）
The club demands that 　all its members （should） speak at least two foreign languages　.
4.这门课程很适合你，它能满足你作为初学者的所有需求。 （建议信）
This course is fit for you， and 　it can satisfy/meet all your demands as a beginner　.
★be in （great） demand （迫切）需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 ★要求做某事：demand to do sth. demand that ... （should） do sth.（从句用虚拟语气） ★demanding adj. 要求高的，费力的，难满足的
7　　refer to 指的是；提到（mention）；查阅； 描述（describe）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①In all walks of life， when referring to someone’s success， we often use the words "efforts and determination". 　提到　
②The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for detailed information， refer to the book. 　查阅　
点拨
refer to表示"查阅，参考"时，其后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等； look up也可表示"查阅"，其后接需要查找的对象，常用于"look up sth.in.../look sth. up in..."结构。如：
If you don’t know what it means，refer to the dictionary.＝ If you don’t know what it means， look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
③[人教选必③－3]The "natural" greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. 　　指的是　
2.我给你写信是要谈谈你提出的关于如何学好汉语的问题。 （建议信）
I am writing with/in reference to your question　 on how to learn Chinese well.（reference）
★refer to...as...将……称为…… ★reference n. 提及，涉及；查阅，参考；推荐信 with/in reference to（所述内容）关于…… reference books/materials参考书/参考资料
8　　date back （to...） 追溯到
1.Of course， showing respect and admiration to elders is a Chinese tradition 　dating　（date） back to ancient times.
2.The tourist attraction lies to the east of my village and it dates from the 15th century. （景点介绍）
→①The tourist attraction 　which/that dates from the 15th century　 lies to the east of my village.（定语从句）
→②The tourist attraction 　dating from the 15th century　 lies to the east of my village.（分词短语作定语）
3.[外研必修②－4]京剧（Peking Opera）可以追溯到18世纪，已经有200多年的历史。 （中国文化）
　Dating back to the 18th century， Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.　（分词作状语）
★date back to＝date from＝go back to，三者均没有被动语态，常用于一般现在时，不用于进行时，作定语或状语时常用v-ing形式。 ★date back to和date from后接时间点，date back 后接时间段，可以与go back 互换。
9　　be of＋抽象名词
1.[译林必修①－1]　Of　 equal importance are good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude.
点拨
该句为倒装句，表语提前是为了强调且避免头重脚轻。正常语序为：Good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.
2.A harmonious family is beneficial to a child’s all-round development.
→A harmonious family 　is of benefit to　 a child’s all-round development.（be of＋抽象名词）
3.在我看来，下面这些建议可能对你有用。 （建议信）
As far as I am concerned， 　the following suggestions may be of help to you　. （be of＋抽象名词）
点拨
be of color/age/size/shape/kind/quality 不能转化为同根形容词，常在句中作表语或后置定语。这类名词前常用different， the same， this， that等来修饰或说明。如：Choose foods of different colors. They are of the same age.
★"be of＋抽象名词"相当于"be＋该名词的同根形容词"。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词前可用great，little，much等修饰，以说明程度。
10　　the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
1.There are lots of ways to attract others’ attention in a meeting. Usually， the 　stranger　（strange） the idea is， the more it gets noticed.
2.从这次活动中，我们认识到健身是非常重要的。我们锻炼得越多，就会越健康。（感悟升华）
From this activity， we have realized that building up our body is of great importance. And 　the more exercise we take， the healthier we will be　.
3.If you know more about our traditional culture， you’ll be more interested in it. （推荐信）
　The more you know about our traditional culture， the more interested in it you’ll be.　（用"the＋比较级...，the＋比较级..."升级）
★"the＋比较级...，the＋比较级..."意为"越……，就越……"，主从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 ★从结构上看，第一个"the＋比较级..."是表示条件的状语从句（在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来）；第二个"the＋比较级..."是主句。
前缀sub-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.Russia sent two small submarines to plant a tiny national flag under the North Pole years ago and then the race to secure subsurface rights to the Arctic hotted up. 　n.潜水艇　；　adj.地下的　
2.The main title and subtitle for the graph are drawn in the center of the image. 　n.副标题　
3.The mind-body connection is such that if， for example， we want to avoid something， very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. 　adj.下意识的，潜意识的　Unit 5 Languages Around The World
一、阅读理解
A
[2024辽宁本溪一模]When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents， most of them proudly replied， "Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/..." But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone "has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one. We’re usually talking about pronunciations different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself， you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense， it’s pointless to point out that someone "has an accent". We all do！
Every person speaks a dialect（方言）， too. A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and words. For instance， "You got eat or not？" （ meaning "Have you eaten？"）is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is "wrong" or "ungrammatical". The sentence is well-formed and easy to understand， according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different？
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age， the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么、口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。
【词语积累】　limiting adj. 局限的，限制的，限制性的　give rise to使发生，引起　pointless adj. 无意义的　conception n. 理解
1. What does the author think of his friends’ response in paragraph 1？
A. It reflects their self-confidence.
B. It reflects their language levels.
C. It misses the point of communication.
D. It misses the real meaning of accents.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第一段中的"Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/..."和第二段中的"what we mean when we say someone... from the local one"可知，作者的朋友的回答很明显误解了"口音"的真正含义，故D项正确。
2. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？
A. To justify the use of dialects.
B. To show the diversity of dialects.
C. To correct a grammatical mistake.
D. To highlight a traditional approach.
解析　A　推理判断题。举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。例子是针对"A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and words"而举的，再结合第三段最后一句可推知，A项正确。
3. What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph？
A. Learn to speak our local dialect.
B. Seek for an official definition of accents.
C. Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D. Distinguish our local languages from others’.
解析　C　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Language differences like these provide insights into ... make friends along the way"可知，语言的差异会让我们了解人们的文化经历和背景，了解我们居住的世界，并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断，作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值，故C项正确。
4. What can be a suitable title for this passage？
A. Everyone Has an Accent
B. Accents Enhance Our Identity
C. Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D. Standard English Is at Risk
解析　A　标题归纳题。本文第一段引出口音这个话题；第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解，并指出每个人都有口音；第三段讲到了每个人都会讲方言，并以新加坡英语口语为例说明使用方言是正当的；第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在，并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言，故A项"每个人都有口音"适合做本文的标题。
B
[中华文化/2023宁夏银川质量检测]For the past three decades， Richard Sears has been dedicated to one thing： telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972， when he was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon. He said， "I realized only 7 percent of the world speaks English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language." By 1990， Sears had already been a fluent Chinese speaker， but he did not know how to read. To Sears， the characters were complex with many strokes（笔画） and almost no apparent logic.
Sears said， "I am a physicist， so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs（象形文字） and I wanted to know the stories behind them." In the process of his study， Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones， he decided to computerize the characters， and then scanned about 96，000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being， but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolution of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology（词源）， where viewers can check for free the evolution of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011， the website got 11，000 or 15，000 hits a day. Suddenly， in January， 2011， clicks to the website went up to 600，000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi， a nickname given by Chinese netizens， after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
Besides the website， in September last year， Sears set up his studio， which focuses on applying AR， animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins， in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. "They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value， and can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters，" Sears said.
物理学家理查德·西尔斯多年来一直致力于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。
【词语积累】　be dedicated to致力于　come into being形成　evolution n.发展，进化，演变
1. What can we learn about Richard Sears？
A. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
B. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第一段和第四段可知，他多年来一直在探索研究汉字，故A项正确。
2. What does the underlined word "ones" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A. Characters. B. Explanations.
C. Pictographs. D. Languages.
解析　B　代词指代题。结合行文时话题的一致性、行文逻辑的流畅性可知，ones指代的名词表示复数意义，且出现在上一句中，所以B项正确。
3. What can be inferred about Sears’ website？
A. It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.
B. It has made a big profit from netizens’ visiting it.
C. It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D. It has built a bridge between the evolution of Chinese characters and the public.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第四段中的"Between 2002 and 2011...after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media"可知，他的网站点击量不小，被中国网友分享到社交媒体上后，点击量飞速上涨，由此可推知，他的网站在汉字的演变与公众之间架起了桥梁，故D项正确。
4. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears？
A. Ambitious and humorous.
B. Wise but careless.
C. Enthusiastic and devoted.
D. Generous but stubborn.
解析　C　推理判断题。他多年来对汉字的兴趣不减反增，不仅建立了研究汉字的网站，还成立了利用高科技研究汉字的工作室，由此可知，他对汉字非常感兴趣并且投入大量的人力、物力和财力，故C项正确。
二、七选五
You’re probably familiar with the North American spelling of the word "airplane". However， if you’ve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom， you’ve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. 　1　. The American English spelling is "airplane" while the British English spelling is "aeroplane". So， why does this happen？
Let’s look at the root of the phenomenon. 　2　. "British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French， but American English， when it has deviated（背离） from what British English does， often changes into the direction of seeming less French，" says Lynne Murphy， author of The Prodigal Tongue：The Love-Hate Relationship Between American and British English.
　3　. Aeroplane is no exception. "We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms， but as planes became more common things to talk about， the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy，" explains Murphy. "In Scientific American in 1906， there was already a claim：　4　. Ten years later， ‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term. It was considered in the United Kingdom， but that suggestion didn’t go anywhere."
There’s a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently， and why that will continue to happen. "　5　， and people are generally proud of it， so they continue to spell differently，" says Murphy.
A. Every country has different culture
B. Your spelling tells people where you’re from
C. The word "airplane" happens to be an example
D. Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E. American English and British English have similar historical origins
F. There’s a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science
G. A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages， like Latin， Greek， and French
本文是说明文，以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例讲述了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
1.C　C项是针对"there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning"举的例子，且与"The American English spelling is ‘airplane’ while the British English spelling is‘aeroplane’"衔接紧密。
2.G　G项与段落第一句中的the root吻合。
3.F　段落中双引号中的内容是对F项中的"history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science"的具体诠释。
4.D　D项与"Ten years later， ‘airplane’ was adopted..."之间存在因果关系。
5.B　B项是人们的骄傲所在。空后句子中的it指代B项。
三、完形填空
[中华文化/2024安徽合肥联考]"When I first started learning calligraphy， I just copied the teacher’s strokes（笔画）， and my work was ugly，" said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing， 　1　 in International Education of the Chinese Language.
During his six-year stay in China， he discovered the　2　 of Chinese culture. He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a（n） 　3　 language， and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese.
To his surprise， the curriculum for foreign students in China 　4　 the classroom. The school organizes extracurricular 　5　 to help them learn and experience 　6　 and culture. After closer and deeper 　7　 with Chinese culture， Aryan found his hobby： calligraphy.
"Initially， I didn’t know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，" Aryan said. "Later on， I found out that calligraphy can help me 　8　 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture."
He used to 　9　 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 　10　.Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and the Chinese 　11　 toward life. The horizontal， vertical（垂直的）， left and right falling strokes on the paper 　12　 Chinese people’s unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 　13　 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper 　14　 of Chinese characters， but he also developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 　15　 and lost， helping him find his inner peace.
本文是一篇记叙文。Aryan是一名身在北京的研究生，他爱上了中文书法并在学习书法过程中得到一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
1. A. majoring B. settling
C. bringing D. resulting
解析　A　"He is currently a graduate student"指出他是研究生，所以此处说的是他主修汉语国际教育，故选A。
2.A. problem B. pattern
C. richness D. resource
解析　C　由下文提到的他对书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩，故选C。
3. A. native B. official
C. international D. formal
解析　C　由下文中的"more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese"可知，世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流，这说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言，故选C。
4. A. goes against B. takes up
C. takes over D. goes beyond
解析　D　"The school organizes extracurricular..."表明，针对外国学生的课程不局限于课堂上，故选D。
5. A. conferences B. activities
C. subjects D. competitions
解析　B　此处指学校组织课外活动，应用activities，故选B。
6. A. economy B. life
C. work D. pleasure
解析　B　此处指的是体验生活和文化，故选B。
7. A. success B. content
C. combination D. contact
解析　D　此处说的是经过深入接触中国文化，Aryan发现了自己的爱好：书法，故选D。
8. A. improve B. recognize
C. adjust D. find
解析　A　Aryan发现书法可以帮助他提升汉语水平和对中国文化的了解，故选A。
9. A. hold B. oppose
C. break D. suspect
解析　A　此处说的是"他曾经认为写汉字只要写得整齐就行"，故选A，hold the idea that...表示"认为……，持……观点"。
10. A. positive B. contradictory
C. wrong D. objective
解析　C　结合But可知，Aryan发现他之前的观点是错误的，故选C。
11. A. direction B. step
C. attitude D. effort
解析　C　此处说的是"书法帮助他理解每一笔和中国人的生活态度"，故选C项，attitude toward...表示"对……的态度"。
12. A. supply B. represent
C. sense D. recall
解析　B　此处说的是"纸上的横、竖、撇、捺代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆"，故选B，represent表示"代表"。
13. A. responses B. admissions
C. reactions D. keys
解析　D　the key to表示"……的关键/要诀"。
14. A. function B. ability
C. form D. knowledge
解析　D　此处说的是"Aryan不仅对中国汉字有了更深入的了解……"，故选D。
15. A. stressed B. inspired
C. determined D. interrupted
解析　A　当他感到焦虑和失落时，书法给他力量，帮他找到内心的平静。stressed表示"焦虑的"，符合语境。Unit 5 Languages Around The World
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Yellowstone National Park offers a 　variety　（vary） of ranger programs throughout the park， and throughout the year. The following are 　descriptions　（describe） of the ranger programs this summer.
点拨
the following作主语时，谓语动词与其后谈及的人、事物的单复数保持一致。该句第二空前是are，因此空处应用名词复数形式。
2.[2022全国甲]Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter 　where　 you are in the world.
3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]"Big change requires big ideas，" he said in a speech last month， 　referring　（refer） broadly to the need to improve road safety.
4.[2022北京]The result — an approach known as systems thinking — is now seen as essential in meeting 　global　（globe） challenges.
5.[2022浙江1月]My choices are based 　on　 the lifestyle I want.
6.[2021新高考Ⅰ]The quality of life in France is 　equally　（equal）excellent.
7.[2021全国乙]Ecotourism is commonly regarded 　as　 low impact（影响） travel to undisturbed places.
8.[2020浙江]Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激）， 　demanding　（demand） jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
点拨
（1）demanding描述工作或任务等时表示"要求高的，需要高技能的，费力的"。近年来考情如下：
☆[2020全国Ⅰ]Like running， race walking is physically demanding， she says.
（2）demanding描述人时表示"要求极严的，苛求的，难满足的"。近年来考情如下：
☆[2020浙江1月]Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian： rigid， demanding or controlling.权威型父母并不专制：固执、苛求、控制欲强。
9.[北京高考]Students should have a proper attitude 　to/towards　 college before thinking about which college to attend...
10.[江苏高考]The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture， colored glass， and precious objects from Europe 　dating　（date）from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. adj.重大的，大的 B. adj. 主要的，重要的
C. n. 专业课
①[2023全国乙]Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major， I’m really good with computers. 　C　
②[2022全国乙]Selected from collections throughout the world， it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. 　A　
③[2022浙江1月]With help from Tesla， Westinghouse’s firm developed a system using alternating current（交流电）， which soon became the major form of power delivery. 　B　
点拨
major除了作名词和形容词外，还可以作动词，表示"主修，专攻"，常与in连用。例：He inspires me to major in English in college and to be a bridge between China and the world.他激励我在大学里主修英语，成为连接中国和世界的桥梁。
2.
A. n. 同等的人 B. v. 导致，结果为
C. adj. 相同的
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 　　C　
②[2022北京]More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste， especially plastic waste. 　B　
③[2021全国甲]I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child， but as an equal. 　A　
点拨
句①句意：这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，并且允许进行讨论的时候，这些小组得出的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。句②中equal的含义与lead to或result in相似。
3.[2023新高考Ⅱ]These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago， but they record moments we can all relate to. 　理解，产生共鸣　
点拨
句意：这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的时刻。
4.[全国Ⅲ]The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.　　n.经典作品，杰作　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——课外英语学习活动
[2022全国乙]学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿， 内容包括：
1.学习活动状况描述；
2.简单评论；
3.你的建议。
◎写作要点
1.学生在课堂之外采用各种各样的方法学习英语。（variety，means）
　Students adopt a wide variety of means to learn English beyond the classroom.　
2.虽然从某种程度上来说，不同的方法重要性都一样，但大部分学生选择听英语歌曲。（equal）
　Though different methods are of equal importance to some degree， the majority of the students choose to listen to English songs.　
3.50％的学生欣赏英语电影，只有18％的学生读英语书籍，12％的学生浏览英语学习网站。（appreciate）
　50％ of the students appreciate English movies， only 18％ read English books and 12％ visit English-learning websites.　
4.虽然学生的需求不同，但多亏了现代科技的发展，不管学生喜欢如何学习英语，最后都能满意。（despite，demand， no matter how）
　Despite the students’ different demands， thanks to the development of modern technology， no matter how they like to learn English， they can be satisfied eventually.　
5.在我看来，学生应该花更多的时间读英语书籍，浏览英语学习网站。（point of view）
　From my point of view， students should spend more time reading English books and visiting English-learning websites.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well. 　As the chart shows， students adopt a wide variety of means to learn English beyond the classroom.　
　Though different methods are of equal importance to some degree， the majority of the students — 65％ — choose to listen to English songs. 50％ of the students appreciate English movies， only 18％ read English books and 12％ visit English-learning websites. Despite the students’ different demands， thanks to the development of modern technology， no matter how they like to learn English， they can be satisfied eventually.　
　From my point of view， students should spend more time reading English books and visiting English-learning websites. By this means， they can effectively enrich their English vocabulary and knowledge.　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之激动与兴奋
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 excited， exciting， excitement， thrill， thrilled非常兴奋的， thrilling令人兴奋不已的 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.得知自己被梦想的大学录取，他高兴极了。 Hearing that he has been accepted by his dream university， he feels 　on top of the world　. 2.一个大胆而又创新的想法出现在脑海里，这使他感到一阵激动。 A daring and innovative idea came into his mind， which made him 　feel a thrill/wave of excitement　. 3.看到这么多可爱的动物在面前，我们都兴奋地上蹦下跳。 Seeing so many lovely animals in front of us， we were all 　jumping up and down with excitement　. 4.许久未见的老友突然出现在眼前，我激动得说不出来话，跑上前去紧紧抱住她。 The old friend whom I hadn’t seen for a long time appeared suddenly in front of my eyes， I 　was excited beyond words　， and ran to hug her tightly.
词 组 1.on top of the world高兴极了 2.be excited beyond words激动得说不出话来 3.jump up and down with excitement兴奋地上蹦下跳 4.break into laughter突然大笑起来 5.give sb. a thrill使某人激动 6.a thrill/wave of excitement一阵激动
佳 句 1.The boy stopped， his heart pounding/thumping with excitement and anticipation. 男孩停住了脚步，他的心怦怦直跳，充满了兴奋和期待。 2.When the host announced that she won the prize， her eyes twinkled with excitement. 当主持人宣布她获奖时，她的眼睛闪烁着激动的光芒。 3.Her heart was beating like a freed bird as she leaned down and gathered the gifts to her breast. 当她俯下身子将礼物抱在胸前时，她的心就像获得自由的小鸟一样跳动着。

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