资源简介

2024届高二下学期开学摸底考（全国卷专用）01
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to do
A．Stay with Alan. B．Relax at home. C．Send Alan to school.
【答案】C
【原文】M: I think Alan is about the right age to go to school.
W: But he is still so young, and I like to stay with him at home for some more time.
2．What are the speakers talking about
A．Where to eat for dinner. B．How to cook beef. C．When to have dinner.
【答案】B
【原文】W: We’ll have beef for dinner today, and how do you like it cooked
M: Just do it as Martin once told you.
3．What time is it now
A．8:30. B．9:00. C．9:10.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Honey, aren’t you ready to go We need to drive 20 minutes to get to the airport.
W: Don’t worry, dear. The flight to the US will be at 10:00 o’clock, so we still have 50 minutes to go.
4．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At a movie theater. B．At a newspaper office. C．At a television station.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Dave, I need someone to write a story for the front page. I also need someone to do a movie review for the entertainment section by noon.
M: But I’m just a sports writer.
W: I don’t care what you write. Just get it done on time!
5．When was the meeting scheduled
A．At 6:00. B．At 6:30. C．At 7:00.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Hi, Sarah. What’s wrong Are you upset
W: It’s 6:30. You were supposed to be here half an hour ago.
M: I’m sorry. There was so much traffic on the freeway. It won’t happen again.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What is the conversation mainly about
A．Weekend plans. B．Phone usage. C．Social apps.
7．How many people does the man usually text
A．5. B．6. C．60.
【答案】6．C 7．A
【原文】M: Will you plug this in… Oh, wait a second… let me just look at this message.
W: You’re always looking at messages on your phone! How many messaging apps do you have, David
M: Four Five Maybe six by now…
W: If you have an average of 10 people on each of those six social networks who send you messages every day, that’s at least 60 conversations! Let’s say you spend as little as one minute on each conversation… That’s a whole hour! But you would probably spend two or three times that much for each person… What a waste of time!
M: Calm down, Maggie. It’s my mother. We’re making plans for the weekend. She’s one of the five people I regularly text.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What happened to the laptop
A．It was caught in rain. B．It was dropped accidentally. C．It was exposed to high heat.
9．What does the woman need for work
A．The memory. B．The components. C．The videos.
10．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In an office. B．At home. C．In a computer shop.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C
【原文】W: I’ve had this laptop for five years. There are so many valuable things saved on it.
M: Did you back them up It’s a good idea to back up your photos and videos.
W: I never thought I needed to. How did the computer break down
M: It’s hard to say. Was it dropped or exposed to water
W: Actually, I left it outside on my balcony by accident.
M: I see. It must have been rained on.
W: It wasn’t that. But it was in direct sunlight for hours.
M: In this summer heat It must have fried the internal components and processors.
W: I didn’t know that was possible. Can I save the photos, at least
M: I’m afraid not. We can replace it with a new laptop model, though.
W: I also need the memory saved on this laptop for work. Is it really damaged beyond repair
M: I’m afraid so, but there are useful parts we can recycle for money. If so, we can give you a discount on a new computer.
W: OK, I guess I’ll do that.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．On a plane. B．In a car. C．On the train.
12．Why is the man traveling
A．To visit his parents. B．To give a speech. C．To attend school.
13．What should the woman’ s mother drink
A．Hot water with sugar. B．Warm boiled water. C．Something cold.
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．B
【原文】M: I hope we will have a good flight.
W: So do I. This is my first time travelling by air. I usually take a train. How about you
M: Most of time, I drive my car, but it is in the shop right now. Are you going on holiday
W: No. I am going to look after my mother. She is in hospital and my father is away on business. How about you
M: I am going to give a lecture to medical students. I am a doctor.
W: Really Then can you give me some advice
M: Sure. What is the matter with your mother
W: She has caught the flu and has a terrible cough; it’s especially bad at night.
M: Well, don’t let her eat anything cold.
W: How about water with a bit of sugar She loves sweet things.
M: Well, warm boiled water would be better.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．When did the washing machine first breakdown
A．A few weeks ago. B．About five days ago. C．Yesterday.
15．What does the man think of the problem
A．Annoying. B．Easy. C．Difficult.
16．How does the man deal with the washing machine
A．He changes a new motor.
B．Here places it for a new one.
C．He puts the motor back in place.
17．What will the woman do next
A．Pay for the repairs. B．Check the machine. C．Have something to drink.
【答案】14．B 15．B 16．C 17．A
【原文】M: Good morning. I understand that you’ve got a problem with your washing machine.
W: Yes, I called you yesterday. Come in please. The washing machine is in the bathroom upstairs. It keeps breaking down.
M: When did it first break down
W: About five days ago. I’ve tried to use it since then. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn’t. It’s very annoying.
M: If I can’t fix it, it would be quicker and easier to exchange it for a new one.
W: I see. Over the last few weeks, it’s also been making an awful noise when it’s in use.
M: OK. I’ll start by looking at the motor. Oh, yes. There is the problem. I’ll sort it out in a few minutes.
W: What’s wrong with it
M: Part of the motor is loose. I can put it back in place quite easily. Look! It’s OK now.
W: Thanks a lot. Would you like a cup of tea or coffee
M: No, thanks. But I’m afraid you have to pay $15 for it.
W: That’s OK.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．When was the first reconstruction (重建) of Tokyo completed
A．In 1923. B．In 1930. C．In 1945.
19．What destroyed Tokyo the second time in the last century
A．The war. B．An earthquake. C．A fire disaster.
20．What problem is the Tokyo government facing now
A．Air pollution. B．Waste treatment. C．Housing shortages.
【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C
【原文】
Recently, a TV show named FOURTRY is very popular. In the show, five Chinese stars run a clothing store in Tokyo. Many audiences are attracted by the beauty of this city. But do you know the history of it
Twice last century, Tokyo was destroyed and rebuilt. In 1923, a major earthquake struck the city. Thousands of people were killed and millions homeless as buildings fell down and fires broke out. It took seven years to rebuild the city. However, during World War II, Tokyo was destroyed once again.
Fortunately, with the efforts of the government, Tokyo recovered very soon. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between 1945 and 1960, the city’s population more than doubled. Due to this rapid development, however, many problems arose. Housing shortages, pollution and waste treatment have presented serious challenges to the city. Although most of them have been solved now, the lack of housing is still a problem.
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books We Love returns with new titles handpicked by NPR staff and trusted critics. Find 11 years of recommendations all in one place.
Mobility
Lydia Kiesling
Lydia Kiesling pulls off a feat in this novel about fossil fuels and climate change. A big part of why Mobiliry works so well is Kiesling’s choice of hero: a foreign service guy named Bunny. As the 1990s teenager witnessed the global fight for oil and trips into an oil career in Texas in young adulthood, he worries about our climate-damaged future.
Limitless
Jeanna Smialek
New York Times reporter Jeanna covers the organization the Federal Reserve (Fed), and explains how important the Fed is to the lives of ordinary people and details the changing role of the Fed among worldwide financial crisis. Through human-level storytelling, she makes the Fed’s decision-making feel refreshingly transparent.
Land of Milk and Honey
C Pam Zhang
Set in a future where the Earth suffers widespread crop failures and food shortages, the story follows a chef who finds herself in a world of cooking delights among a landscape of scarcity and despair. It’s a deep exploration of human nature, leaving you questioning the delicate balance between survival and the price we are willing to pay for pleasure in a world on the brink.
The Right Call
Sally Jenkins
Sally Jenkins has made the highest achievements in sports, by individuals and by teams. With The Right Call, she looks back to capture what makes some athletes and coaches reach the peak of their game. Whatever part of life you want to do well in, this book will have you rethinking what you do and how you might do it differently.
21．What can we learn from Limitless
A．A climate-damaged future. B．The Fed’s influence on people’s lives.
C．A delighted chef. D．The crop failures in the world.
22．What do Mobiliry and Land of Milk and Honey have in common
A．Both aim at ways to tackle food problems.
B．Both investigate the qualities of athletes.
C．Both deal with global financial systems.
D．Both are concerned with the environment.
23．Whose book can motivate a reader to be outstanding
A．Jeanna Smialek’s. B．C Pam Zhang’s.
C．Sally Jenkins’s. D．Lydia Kiesling’s.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国国家公共电台网站推荐的几本图书。
21．细节理解题。根据Limitless中“New York Times reporter Jeanna covers the organization the Federal Reserve (Fed), and explains how important the Fed is to the lives of ordinary people and details the changing role of the Fed among worldwide financial crisis. (《纽约时报》记者Jeanna对美国联邦储备委员会(Fed)进行了报道，详细介绍了美联储对普通人生活的重要性，以及在全球金融危机中美联储角色的变化。)”可知，从这本书我们能了解到美联储对人们生活的影响。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据Mobility中“Lydia Kiesling pulls off a feat in this novel about fossil fuels and climate change. (Lydia Kiesling在这本关于化石燃料和气候变化的小说中取得了惊人的成就。)”和Land of Milk and Honey中“Set in a future where the Earth suffers widespread crop failures and food shortages, the story follows a chef who finds herself in a world of cooking delights among a landscape of scarcity and despair. (故事背景设定在未来，地球上庄稼歉收，食物短缺，故事讲述了一位厨师在匮乏和绝望的环境中发现自己身处一个烹饪的世界。)”可知，两本书都与环境有关。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据The Right Call中“Whatever part of life you want to do well in, this book will have you rethinking what you do and how you might do it differently. (无论你想在生活的哪一部分做得优秀，这本书都会让你重新思考你在做什么，以及你如何做得不同。)”可知，C Pam Zhang的书能激励读者出类拔萃。故选C项。
B
Sometimes it only takes a shopping trip to change your life. When Shannon Murray-Doffo headed out to buy a shirt for her four-year-old son in 2019, little did she imagine it would be the spark to start her own kid-friendly clothing company. What Murray-Doffo found at not one but six different children’s clothing stores was that boys’ clothing is a disappointment.
“Boys’ clothes in every store were in gray, black or white—I mean, who buys white for a four-year-old boy The graphics on the shirts were either giant rubbery logos across the chest or grown man or monster (怪兽). I remember coming home empty-handed and disappointed,” she said.
This bothered her, as she felt the fashion industry was sending a damaging message to little boys—that their clothes don’t matter as much as girls’, due to their location in the store and far fewer options, and that they should be violent.
She decided to start her own clothing company called Living Loudly. The result is a collection of T-shirts with fun, creative, and non-violent designs that appeal to boys and their parents.
The material makes a kid keep reaching for the same shirt day after day, and will stand up to hours of rough physical play. The T-shirts are shipped in a plastic-free, zero-waste cardboard tube used as shipping container and packaging. Inside, the shirt is wrapped in a sheet of seed paper, which will bloom if planted. A story is printed on the paper to entertain and educate the child about valuable lessons. “From developing self-control and healthy emotional expression to discovering the importance of being heard, our short stories give families fun, easy, and teachable moments. ”
Being the innovative entrepreneur as she is, Murray-Doffo didn’t stop at T-shirts. While conducting market research into her target audience, she spent a lot of time on online parenting forums to follow trending topics.
24．Why did Murray-Doffo come home empty-handed
A．The shirts were too expensive. B．She wanted to make shirts herself.
C．The shirts she wanted were sold out. D．She considered the shirts unsuitable for boys.
25．What is Murray-Doffo’s opinion about boys’ clothes
A．They matter a lot to boys. B．They should feature monsters.
C．They provide too many options. D．They should lead the fashion.
26．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why Living Loudly was originally started.
B．How Living Loudly makes shirts appealing.
C．What Murray-Doffo plans to do in the future.
D．Where Murray-Doffo got the inspiration of her shirts.
27．Which word can be used to describe Murray-Doffo
A．Patient. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Humorous.
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Shannon Murray-Doffo因对儿童服装市场的失望，创立了自己的儿童友好型服装公司Living Loudly的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段““Boys’ clothes in every store were in gray, black or white—I mean, who buys white for a four-year-old boy The graphics on the shirts were either giant rubbery logos across the chest or grown man or monster (怪兽). I remember coming home empty-handed and disappointed(“每家商店的男孩衣服都是灰色、黑色或白色的——我的意思是，谁给四岁的男孩买白色的？衬衫上的图案要么是胸前巨大的橡胶标志，要么是成年男子或怪物。我记得回家时两手空空，失望不已。”)”可知，作者空手而归是因为她认为那些衬衫不适合男孩子，故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“This bothered her, as she felt the fashion industry was sending a damaging message to little boys—that their clothes don’t matter as much as girls(这让她很困扰，因为她觉得时尚界正在向小男孩们传递一个有害的信息——他们的衣服不如女孩重要)”可知，作者认为服装行业给男童传递出错误的信息：男童的衣着不如女童的重要。由此可推理出作者认为对于男童来说，服装也是一件重要的事，故选A项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The material makes a kid keep reaching for the same shirt day after day(这种材料让孩子日复一日地伸手去拿同一件衬衫)”、“Inside, the shirt is wrapped in a sheet of seed paper, which will bloom if planted.( 在里面，衬衫被一张种子纸包裹着，如果种植，种子纸就会开花。)”以及“A story is printed on the paper to entertain and educate the child about valuable lessons.(在纸上印一个故事，以娱乐和教育孩子有关有价值的课程。)”可知本段主要讲的是Living Loudly如何让衬衫变得有吸引力，故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据第四段“The result is a collection of T-shirts with fun, creative, and non-violent designs that appeal to boys and their parents(其结果是一系列有趣、富有创意和非暴力设计的T恤衫，吸引了男孩和他们的父母)”以及最后一段“Being the innovative entrepreneur as she is, Murray-Doffo didn’t stop at T-shirts.( 作为一名创新型企业家，Murray Doffo并没有止步于T恤衫。)”可推理出Murray-Doffo是一个有创造力的人，故选C项。
C
A British architecture company has shown that it plans to build a luxury (奢华的) floating island resort made of recycled ocean plastic at a remote location in the Indian Ocean.
Margot Krasojevi , the founder of Margot Krasojevi Architecture, said that the 75-room hotel concept has funding to be built, but she did not say the source of funding. The hotel will be built on top of a “floating island” situated in Australia’s Cocos archipelago—a chain of islands situated 2,750 kilometers northwest of Perth, Western Australia.
Inspired by the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the “Trash Island” under the resort will be woven (编织) from large plastic-filled bags and then fixed on the ocean floor. The bags will be weighed down with silt (淤泥) and sand to ensure the structural stability. Artificial “roots” designed to copy a tree with roots above the ground, will be placed around the structure to collect sediment (沉淀物) and act as a flood defense by water absorption and expansion when needed. The special structures will act like the island’s “life jacket” in an emergency, as they expand the trapped sediment and create artificial engineering land almost like an inflatable (充气的) runway. Guests of the hotel will shower in sea water that was specially treated. Krasojevi said the plans were at an early stage and could take several years to build.
“The inspiration came to me when’ I saw the Pacific Ocean’s-fleet of plastic. This area is twice the size of France, because of the influence of ocean currents,” she said. “Plastic is malleable (有延展性的) and flexible, so it can be reprinted, reformed or broken down and rebuilt. I think it is a better choice than dumping garbage in’ landfills. It helps to raise the awareness of marine -waste, so it’s a good thing to do.”
28．Where will the 75-room hotel will be built
A．the Pacific Ocean B．On Australia’s Cocos archipelago
C．In Perth D．On the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3
A．Funding has been introduced to build the resort.
B．People will use large bags full of silt and sand to ensure the structural stability.
C．Trees will be placed around the structure to act as a flood defense.
D．Guests of the hotel will shower in sea water.
30．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The reasons for building a floating ocean resort.
B．Suggestions on where to build a floating ocean resort.
C．The future of a floating ocean resort.
D．The time to build a floating ocean resort.
31．Where does the text most probably come from
A．A health magazine B．A history book C．A travel guide of a city D．A newspaper
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．A 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一家英国建筑公司表示，它计划在印度洋的一个偏远地区建造一个由回收海洋塑料制成的豪华浮岛度假村。文章说明了建设这个度假村的原因是这是一个比在垃圾填埋场倾倒垃圾更好的选择，有助于提高人们对海洋垃圾的认识。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“The hotel will be built on top of a “floating island” situated in Australia’s Cocos archipelago—a chain of islands situated 2,750 kilometers northwest of Perth, Western Australia.(该酒店将建在澳大利亚科科斯群岛的一个“浮岛”上，科科斯群岛是位于西澳大利亚珀斯西北2750公里处的一系列岛屿)”可知，有75个房间的酒店将建在澳大利亚的科科斯群岛。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“The bags will be weighed down with silt (淤泥) and sand to ensure the structural stability.(袋子将用淤泥和沙子称重，以确保结构的稳定性)”可知，B选项“人们会用大袋子装满淤泥和沙子来保证结构的稳定性”正确。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A British architecture company has shown that it plans to build a luxury (奢华的) floating island resort made of recycled ocean plastic at a remote location in the Indian Ocean.(一家英国建筑公司表示，它计划在印度洋的一个偏远地区建造一个由回收海洋塑料制成的豪华浮岛度假村)”结合文章说明了建设这个度假村的原因是这是一个比在垃圾填埋场倾倒垃圾更好的选择，有助于提高人们对海洋垃圾的认识。可知，这篇文章主要讲了建造海上浮动度假村的原因。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章说明了一家英国建筑公司表示，它计划在印度洋的一个偏远地区建造一个由回收海洋塑料制成的豪华浮岛度假村，解释了建设这个度假村的原因是这是一个比在垃圾填埋场倾倒垃圾更好的选择，有助于提高人们对海洋垃圾的认识。可推知，文章最有可能来自报纸。故选D。
D
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37, 500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their journey was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Rich and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle (应对) deserts and jungles. They also survived an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
Talking about their motivation, Richard said, “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but, in spite of this promise, over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities.”
32．Why did the two teachers travel the world
A．To support an education project. B．To create a new world record.
C．To entertain themselves. D．To challenge themselves.
33．How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average
A．A little more than 30 kilometers. B．About 14 miles.
C．43 miles. D．70 kilometers.
34．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．How they realized their next goal.
B．Their exciting experience on the road.
C．The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D．The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
35．Which of the following best describes the two teachers
A．Curious and brave. B．Humorous and generous.
C．Courageous and responsible. D．Efficient and honest.
【答案】32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两名英国教师驾驶一辆嘟嘟车行驶了37500公里，打破了世界纪录，成为世界上行程最长的教师，他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目。
32． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.(他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目)”可知，这两位老师环游世界的原因是支持一个教育项目。故选A项。
33． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles(他们把他们的故障车辆拖了43英里)”和第二段中“The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms,was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days.(这辆重达800公斤的嘟嘟车由理查德和尼克轮流拉了三天)”可知，这两位老师拖了43英里，用了3天，所以可计算出，这两位老师每天拖嘟嘟车约14英里。故选B项。
34． 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.(两人重新上路，朝着下一个目标进发。在旅途中，他们不得不穿越沙漠和丛林。他们还在乌干达和博茨瓦纳与大象亲密接触，以及在马来西亚的一次事故中幸存下来。突突车最大的困难是沿途的山脉，包括阿尔卑斯山脉、喜马拉雅山脉和安第斯山脉)”可知，在二人的旅途中，他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段“Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.(两名英国教师打破了驾驶突突车最长行程的世界纪录，他们把他们的故障车辆拖走了43英里。理查德·西尔斯和尼克·高夫在世界各地旅行了37500公里，途经37个国家。他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目)”可知，两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目，在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后，打破了在一辆三轮摩的上完成最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断，他们是有责任感的；根据第三段中“The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.(两人重新上路，朝着下一个目标进发。在旅途中，他们不得不穿越沙漠和丛林。他们还在乌干达和博茨瓦纳与大象亲密接触，以及在马来西亚的一次事故中幸存下来。突突车最大的困难是沿途的山脉，包括阿尔卑斯山脉、喜马拉雅山脉和安第斯山脉)”的内容，得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，由此可推知，这两位老师是非常勇敢的。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Failure is likely the most tiring experience one ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding. 36
In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. 37
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the most difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works.
38 Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can then let the unconsciousness (无意识) take over.
When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. 39 One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. 40 In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
A．My fatigue became almost unbearable.
B．I felt depressed and gave it up eventually.
C．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.
D．Use your unconsciousness and you can reduce your tiredness.
E．An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.
F．The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.
G．Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue.
【答案】36．G 37．F 38．C 39．A 40．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。
36．根据上文“There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项G“Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue.(由两种方式的疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选G。
37．根据上文“In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. (在前一种情况下，我们不断推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难。拖延得越久，我们就越觉得累。这种创业疲劳是非常真实的，即使不是身体上的，也不是肌肉和骨骼上的。)”可推知，我们会因为拖延太无聊、太难的工作而感到疲惫不堪。选项F“The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.(这种解决方案是不容易采用的：总是先处理最困难的工作)”提出了一个解决这种情况的办法，即先处理最困难的事，符合语境。故选F。
38．根据下文“Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again.”（虽然我们愿意开始，但似乎不能把工作做好。无论我们多么努力，它的困难都显得如此之大，以致于我们一次又一次地失败。）可知，此处讲述另一种疲劳——表现疲劳。选项C意为“Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.(表现疲劳更难处理。)”符合本段段意，故选C。
39．上文“When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked.(在规划《大英百科全书》时，我必须根据文章的主题创建一个目录。日复一日，我不断想出解决办法，但没有一个奏效。)”讲述作者在做一项任务时，日复一日的想不出可行的办法，选项A “My fatigue became almost unbearable.( 我的疲劳几乎无法忍受。)”承接上文，总是想不出解决办法，让我疲惫不堪，故选A。
40．根据上文“One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.(一天，我精疲力尽，试着说服自己，麻烦出在问题本身，而不是我。我松了一口气，靠在安乐椅上睡着了。)”和下文“In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind and proved correct at every step.”（在接下来的几个星期里，在我的潜意识里想出了解决办法，而且每一步都证明是正确的。）可知，此空处讲述的作者睡着了，如释重负，醒来有了解决办法，选项E“An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. (一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案。)”承上启下，躺在安乐椅上睡着了，醒来之后，有了解决的方法，故选E。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空处的最佳选项。
When she first looked for her wedding dress, Gwendolyn Stuglis had a budget or $1,000. After trying on several dresses, she was 41 a champagne-colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk. “I got 42 in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted,” she admitted. The only 43 : it was triple her budget. After some encouragement from her mother-in-law, Stulgis 44 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 45 made for me.” She wore the gown with 46 when she became a Stulgis.
As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the 47 was over. Realizing the dress would be 48 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search a 49 bride. In the post, there were two 50 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be 51 others. More than 70 messages 52 into Stulgis’ mailbox immediately. Margaret Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw Stulgis’ Facebook 53 . She told her sister-in-law, Alycia Ashley, that she wanted to enter but was 54 . So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, 55 Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.
Stulgis was moved by Ashley’s 56 . On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was unbelievable,” she said 57 . Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests. After her post, Stulgis 58 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. Stulgis’ community of bridal donations started with such a 59 emotion. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 60 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dressing shouldn’t be kept in the closet.”
41．A．shown B．donated C．awarded D．reminded
42．A．lights B．tears C．fears D．troubles
43．A．price B．drawback C．catch D．decision
44．A．accepted B．offered C．purchased D．abandoned
45．A．seriously B．fortunately C．doubtfully D．completely
46．A．expectation B．dignity C．admiration D．pride
47．A．reception B．trade C．ceremony D．bargain
48．A．stored B．wasted C．ignored D．treasured
49．A．charming B．suitable C．selfless D．kind
50．A．requests B．levels C．plans D．solutions
51．A．passed onto B．helped out C．devoted to D．handed over to
52．A．gathered B．happened C．flooded D．swelled
53．A．account B．application C．comment D．post
54．A．busy B．confident C．outgoing D．hesitant
55．A．describing B．treating C．impressing D．directing
56．A．response B．dream C．reaction D．message
57．A．secretly B．excitedly C．desperately D．eagerly
58．A．sheltered B．promoted C．started D．collected
59．A．giving B．surprising C．refreshing D．moving
60．A．design B．achieve C．update D．copy
【答案】
41．A 42．B 43．C 44．C 45．D 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．C 50．A 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．D 55．A 56．D 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕Gwendolyn Stuglis买婚纱的经历展开，讲述了Gwendolyn Stuglis因为自己的婚纱只穿了一次但又价格不菲，于是把自己的婚纱传递给其他准新娘，并在网上创建了一个组织，在这里人们可以让这些婚纱传递下去。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试穿了几件连衣裙后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。A. shown展示；B. donated捐赠；C. awarded奖励；D. reminded提醒。根据前文“After trying on several dresses”以及后文“a champagne- colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk”可推知，Stulgis在试穿婚纱，试穿了几件后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。故选A项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她承认：“我眼睛里含着泪水，因为这是我真正想要的裙子”。A. lights光；B. tears眼泪；C. fears害怕；D. troubles麻烦。根据后文“because it was the dress I really wanted”和准新娘试穿婚纱时的心情可推知，Stulgis看到真正想要的裙子会激动地流泪。故选B项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一的困难：这是她预算的三倍。A. price价格；B. drawback缺点；C. catch隐藏的困难，暗藏的不利因素；D. decision决定。根据后文“it was triple her budget”可知，这是她预算的三倍，此处指Stulgis认为这件婚纱价格昂贵，是购买它唯一的困难。故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她婆婆的鼓励下，Stuglis买下了它。A. accepted接受；B. offered提供；C. purchased购买；D. abandoned放弃。根据前文“I got ______ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，因此在婆婆鼓励下她购买了这件婚纱。故选C项。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她解释说：“虽然我没有足够的钱，但那条裙子完全是为我做的。”A. seriously严重地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. completely完全地。根据前文“I got ______ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，此处指那条婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的。故选D项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她成为Stulgis家庭的一员时，她自豪地穿上了这件礼服。A. expectation期望；B. dignity尊严；C. admiration钦佩；D. pride自豪。根据前文“Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was ______ made for me.”可知，那件婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的，此处指她自豪地穿上了这件婚纱。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大多数新娘一样，婚礼仪式结束后，她把婚纱挂在衣橱里。A. reception接待处；B. trade贸易；C. ceremony仪式，典礼；D. bargain便宜货，交易。根据前文“As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the”以及后文“was over”可推知，婚礼仪式结束后，Stulgis把婚纱挂在衣橱里。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉，于是决定把它送人。A. stored 储存；B. wasted浪费；C. ignored忽视；D. treasured珍惜。根据后文“she decided to give it away”可知，Stulgis决定把婚纱送人，此处指她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉。故选B项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis在Facebook上寻找无私的新娘。A. charming有魅力的；B. suitable合适的；C. selfless无私的；D. kind善良的。根据后文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ______ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Ashley给Stulgis发邮件说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人，因此Stulgis想在网上寻找的是无私的新娘。故选C项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. requests要求，请求；B. levels水平；C. plans计划；D. solutions解决方法。根据后文“Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests”可知，Hyde答应了两个要求，因此Stulgis在帖子中提了两个要求。故选A项。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. passed onto传递给；B. helped out帮助；C. devoted to奉献；D. handed over to交给。根据后文“Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests.”可知，Hyde答应遵循要求，让婚纱传递下去，因此此处指把婚纱传递给其他人。故选A项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱。A. gathered聚集；B. happened发生；C. flooded涌现；D. swelled膨胀。根据前文“More than 70 messages”和后文“into Stulgis’ mailbox”可推知，此处指70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱，flood into为固定搭配，意为“涌入”。故选C项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Margaret Hyde在看到Stulgis在Facebook上的帖子之前，计划自己做一条裙子。A. account账户，解释；B. application申请，应用；C. comment评论；D. post帖子。根据前文“In the post, there were two ______”可知，Stulgis在网络上发了帖子，此处指Hyde在看到这条帖子之前。故选D项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她的嫂子Alycia Ashley她想参加，但犹豫不决。A. busy忙碌的；B. confident自信的；C. outgoing外向的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ______ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Hyde本人没有联系Stulgis，而是Ashley私下联系了Stulgis，由此推知Hyde想参加，但犹豫不决。故选D项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人。A. describing描述；B. treating对待，处理；C. impressing留下深刻印象；D. directing指导。根据后文“Hyde as the most selfless person she knew”可推知，Ashley应该是把Hyde描述为她认识的最无私的人。故选A项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。A. response回复；B. dream梦想；C. reaction反应；D. message信息。根据前文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ______ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，此处是指Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。故选D项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“真是难以置信，”她兴奋地说。A. secretly秘密地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. desperately绝望地；D. eagerly急切地，渴望地。根据前文“It was unbelievable”可知，Hyde觉得自己能得到婚纱很难以置信，此处是指她非常兴奋。故选B项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的帖子发布后，Stulgis在Facebook上成立了一个名为“共享梦幻婚纱”的团体。A. sheltered躲避；B. promoted促进，提升；C. started开创，成立；D. collected收集。根据后文“a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses”可推知，Stulgis成立了这个组织。故选C项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis的新娘捐赠社区就是从这样一种给予的情感开始的。A. giving慷慨的，给予的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. refreshing使人精神振作的；D. moving令人感动的。根据前文Stulgis把自己的婚纱免费传递给其他有需要的新娘，然后成立专门的团体延续这份帮助他人的想法可推知，该捐赠团体是从给予的情感开始的。故选A项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们实现自己的婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。A. design设计；B. achieve实现；C. update更新；D. copy复制。根据后文“their dress dreams without worrying about buying one”可推知，Stulgis想让其他新娘实现婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 61 (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close connections with particular historical 62 (period), such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. Its existence 63 (record) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing. 64 (variety) combinations of forms and genres exist.
Many or most of these 65 (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 66 (active) continued up to the year of 1919, 67 the May Fourth Movement took place, and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2,500 year period of more or less continuous development shows 68 great deal of diversity-classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 69 (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy.
Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 70 poetry worldwide.
【答案】
written 62．periods 63．is recorded 64．Various/Varied 65．arose 66．actively 67．when 68．a 69．its 70．on/upon
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古诗的特点、发展历程以及对世界诗歌的深远影响。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：古诗是中国传统诗歌，以某些传统形式为代表，与特定的历史时期有着密切的联系，如唐代诗歌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语traditional Chinese poetry之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填written。
62．考查名词的数。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，因此处表示的是数目不确定的名词，使用名词的复数形式，故填periods。
63．考查被动语态。句意：它的存在至少早在《诗经》出版时就有记载。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语为单数，故填is recorded。
64．考查形容词。句意：存在各种形式和流派的组合。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用形容词，故填Various/Varied。
65．考查时态。句意：其中许多或大部分出现在唐朝末期。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填arose。
66．考查副词。句意：中国古典诗歌的使用和发展一直活跃到五四运动爆发的1919年，并一直发展到今天。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词，故填actively。
67．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：the year of 1919，因先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
68．考查冠词。句意：在这2500年的持续发展过程中，诗歌创作呈现出巨大的多样性，无论是按主要历史时期还是按王朝时期划分。分析句子结构，a great deal of为固定句型，表示“许多；大量”，符合句意，故填a。
69．考查代词。句意：在中国古典诗歌的关键方面中，另一个方面是它与中国绘画和书法等其他艺术形式的紧密联系。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
70．考查介词。句意：事实证明，中国古典诗歌对世界各地的诗歌都有着强大的影响。名词influence常与介词on或upon搭配，含义为“对……的影响”，符合句意，故填on/upon。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2 .只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With time going by, more and more unforgettable things have appeared in my life. That has impressed me most is the experience of chatting with the elderly. Last summer holiday, I volunteered work as a cleaner in a nursing home. Not only did I sweep the floor and washed dishes but I took care of the elderly as well. The cleaning job in the nursing home was hard and bored and seemed endless, where made me so tired that I wanted to give up halfway. However, chatting with the old people with rich experience broadened their mind and made me fill with energy. Seen the smiling faces, I gradual had a better understanding of the voluntary work. Therefore, I stuck to my job with determination and had a fun. Never will I forget those days.
【答案】1.That→What
2.在volunteered后加to
3.washed→wash
4.bored→boring
5.where→which
6.their→my
7.fill→filled
8.Seen→Seeing
9.gradual→gradually
10.将a去掉
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在养老院做志愿者时和老人聊天的经历。
【详解】1.考查主语从句。句意：给我印象最深的是和老人聊天的经历。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“...的事情”，需用连接代词what引导。故将That改为What。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：去年暑假，我自愿去养老院做清洁工。volunteer to do sth.为固定短语，意为“自愿做某事”。故在volunteer后面加to。
3.考查动词。句意：我不仅扫地、洗碗，而且还照顾老人。位于助动词did后面，使用动词原形。故将washed改为wash。
4.考查形容词。句意：养老院的清洁工作又辛苦又无聊，似乎没完没了，这让我很累，想半途而废。此处为形容词作表语，修饰的是The cleaning job，指物，需用-ing结尾的形容词。故将bored改为boring。
5.考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故将where改为which。
6.考查代词。句意：然而，与经验丰富的老人聊天开阔了我的眼界，让我充满了活力。根据“me”可知，此处表示“开阔了我的眼界”，表示“我的”应用my。故将their改为my。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，be filled with为固定短语，表示“充满”，此处需用过去分词短语作宾语补足语。故将fill改为filled。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：看到那些笑脸，我渐渐对志愿者工作有了更好的了解。I和see为逻辑主谓关系，需要用现在分词作状语。故将Seen改为Seeing。
9.考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词短语had a better understanding of需用副词gradually。故将gradual改为gradually。
10.考查固定短语。句意：因此，我坚定地坚持自己的工作，并从中获得了乐趣。have fun为固定短语，表示“玩得开心”。故将a去掉。
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
“友善”是中华民族的传统美德，你校以“友善”为主题举办英语征文比赛,内容包括：
1. 日常生活中的友善行为；
2. 友善行为的意义或价值；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统美德traditional virtues
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Friendliness is a traditional virtue of the Chinese people. We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, such as greeting people with a smile when walking in the street or helping others in need. Such little actions can help bridge the gap between people and create a harmonious society. Moreover, friendly behavior has a great potential to make a positive impact on the lives of those we interact with. Therefore, it is important that we start encouraging kindness and respect to others. Let’s create a friendlier world together!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生写一篇文章，参加学校举办的以“友善”为主题的英语征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
美德：virtue → merit
帮助：help → assist
行为：action → behavior/deed
此外：moreover → in addition/besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, such as greeting people with a smile when walking in the street or helping others in need.
拓展句：We need to pay attention to the small details in our daily life, which include greeting people with a smile when walking in the street and helping others in need.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Moreover, friendly behavior has a great potential to make a positive impact on the lives of those we interact with. (运用了省略关系代词that的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, it is important that we start encouraging kindness and respect to others. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)2024届高二下学期开学摸底考（全国卷专用）01
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to do
A．Stay with Alan. B．Relax at home. C．Send Alan to school.
2．What are the speakers talking about
A．Where to eat for dinner. B．How to cook beef. C．When to have dinner.
3．What time is it now
A．8:30. B．9:00. C．9:10.
4．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At a movie theater. B．At a newspaper office. C．At a television station.
5．When was the meeting scheduled
A．At 6:00. B．At 6:30. C．At 7:00.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What is the conversation mainly about
A．Weekend plans. B．Phone usage. C．Social apps.
7．How many people does the man usually text
A．5. B．6. C．60.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What happened to the laptop
A．It was caught in rain. B．It was dropped accidentally. C．It was exposed to high heat.
9．What does the woman need for work
A．The memory. B．The components. C．The videos.
10．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In an office. B．At home. C．In a computer shop.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．On a plane. B．In a car. C．On the train.
12．Why is the man traveling
A．To visit his parents. B．To give a speech. C．To attend school.
13．What should the woman’ s mother drink
A．Hot water with sugar. B．Warm boiled water. C．Something cold.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．When did the washing machine first breakdown
A．A few weeks ago. B．About five days ago. C．Yesterday.
15．What does the man think of the problem
A．Annoying. B．Easy. C．Difficult.
16．How does the man deal with the washing machine
A．He changes a new motor.
B．Here places it for a new one.
C．He puts the motor back in place.
17．What will the woman do next
A．Pay for the repairs. B．Check the machine. C．Have something to drink.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．When was the first reconstruction (重建) of Tokyo completed
A．In 1923. B．In 1930. C．In 1945.
19．What destroyed Tokyo the second time in the last century
A．The war. B．An earthquake. C．A fire disaster.
20．What problem is the Tokyo government facing now
A．Air pollution. B．Waste treatment. C．Housing shortages.
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Books We Love returns with new titles handpicked by NPR staff and trusted critics. Find 11 years of recommendations all in one place.
Mobility
Lydia Kiesling
Lydia Kiesling pulls off a feat in this novel about fossil fuels and climate change. A big part of why Mobiliry works so well is Kiesling’s choice of hero: a foreign service guy named Bunny. As the 1990s teenager witnessed the global fight for oil and trips into an oil career in Texas in young adulthood, he worries about our climate-damaged future.
Limitless
Jeanna Smialek
New York Times reporter Jeanna covers the organization the Federal Reserve (Fed), and explains how important the Fed is to the lives of ordinary people and details the changing role of the Fed among worldwide financial crisis. Through human-level storytelling, she makes the Fed’s decision-making feel refreshingly transparent.
Land of Milk and Honey
C Pam Zhang
Set in a future where the Earth suffers widespread crop failures and food shortages, the story follows a chef who finds herself in a world of cooking delights among a landscape of scarcity and despair. It’s a deep exploration of human nature, leaving you questioning the delicate balance between survival and the price we are willing to pay for pleasure in a world on the brink.
The Right Call
Sally Jenkins
Sally Jenkins has made the highest achievements in sports, by individuals and by teams. With The Right Call, she looks back to capture what makes some athletes and coaches reach the peak of their game. Whatever part of life you want to do well in, this book will have you rethinking what you do and how you might do it differently.
21．What can we learn from Limitless
A．A climate-damaged future. B．The Fed’s influence on people’s lives.
C．A delighted chef. D．The crop failures in the world.
22．What do Mobiliry and Land of Milk and Honey have in common
A．Both aim at ways to tackle food problems.
B．Both investigate the qualities of athletes.
C．Both deal with global financial systems.
D．Both are concerned with the environment.
23．Whose book can motivate a reader to be outstanding
A．Jeanna Smialek’s. B．C Pam Zhang’s.
C．Sally Jenkins’s. D．Lydia Kiesling’s.
B
Sometimes it only takes a shopping trip to change your life. When Shannon Murray-Doffo headed out to buy a shirt for her four-year-old son in 2019, little did she imagine it would be the spark to start her own kid-friendly clothing company. What Murray-Doffo found at not one but six different children’s clothing stores was that boys’ clothing is a disappointment.
“Boys’ clothes in every store were in gray, black or white—I mean, who buys white for a four-year-old boy The graphics on the shirts were either giant rubbery logos across the chest or grown man or monster (怪兽). I remember coming home empty-handed and disappointed,” she said.
This bothered her, as she felt the fashion industry was sending a damaging message to little boys—that their clothes don’t matter as much as girls’, due to their location in the store and far fewer options, and that they should be violent.
She decided to start her own clothing company called Living Loudly. The result is a collection of T-shirts with fun, creative, and non-violent designs that appeal to boys and their parents.
The material makes a kid keep reaching for the same shirt day after day, and will stand up to hours of rough physical play. The T-shirts are shipped in a plastic-free, zero-waste cardboard tube used as shipping container and packaging. Inside, the shirt is wrapped in a sheet of seed paper, which will bloom if planted. A story is printed on the paper to entertain and educate the child about valuable lessons. “From developing self-control and healthy emotional expression to discovering the importance of being heard, our short stories give families fun, easy, and teachable moments. ”
Being the innovative entrepreneur as she is, Murray-Doffo didn’t stop at T-shirts. While conducting market research into her target audience, she spent a lot of time on online parenting forums to follow trending topics.
24．Why did Murray-Doffo come home empty-handed
A．The shirts were too expensive. B．She wanted to make shirts herself.
C．The shirts she wanted were sold out. D．She considered the shirts unsuitable for boys.
25．What is Murray-Doffo’s opinion about boys’ clothes
A．They matter a lot to boys. B．They should feature monsters.
C．They provide too many options. D．They should lead the fashion.
26．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why Living Loudly was originally started.
B．How Living Loudly makes shirts appealing.
C．What Murray-Doffo plans to do in the future.
D．Where Murray-Doffo got the inspiration of her shirts.
27．Which word can be used to describe Murray-Doffo
A．Patient. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Humorous.
C
A British architecture company has shown that it plans to build a luxury (奢华的) floating island resort made of recycled ocean plastic at a remote location in the Indian Ocean.
Margot Krasojevi , the founder of Margot Krasojevi Architecture, said that the 75-room hotel concept has funding to be built, but she did not say the source of funding. The hotel will be built on top of a “floating island” situated in Australia’s Cocos archipelago—a chain of islands situated 2,750 kilometers northwest of Perth, Western Australia.
Inspired by the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the “Trash Island” under the resort will be woven (编织) from large plastic-filled bags and then fixed on the ocean floor. The bags will be weighed down with silt (淤泥) and sand to ensure the structural stability. Artificial “roots” designed to copy a tree with roots above the ground, will be placed around the structure to collect sediment (沉淀物) and act as a flood defense by water absorption and expansion when needed. The special structures will act like the island’s “life jacket” in an emergency, as they expand the trapped sediment and create artificial engineering land almost like an inflatable (充气的) runway. Guests of the hotel will shower in sea water that was specially treated. Krasojevi said the plans were at an early stage and could take several years to build.
“The inspiration came to me when’ I saw the Pacific Ocean’s-fleet of plastic. This area is twice the size of France, because of the influence of ocean currents,” she said. “Plastic is malleable (有延展性的) and flexible, so it can be reprinted, reformed or broken down and rebuilt. I think it is a better choice than dumping garbage in’ landfills. It helps to raise the awareness of marine -waste, so it’s a good thing to do.”
28．Where will the 75-room hotel will be built
A．the Pacific Ocean B．On Australia’s Cocos archipelago
C．In Perth D．On the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3
A．Funding has been introduced to build the resort.
B．People will use large bags full of silt and sand to ensure the structural stability.
C．Trees will be placed around the structure to act as a flood defense.
D．Guests of the hotel will shower in sea water.
30．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The reasons for building a floating ocean resort.
B．Suggestions on where to build a floating ocean resort.
C．The future of a floating ocean resort.
D．The time to build a floating ocean resort.
31．Where does the text most probably come from
A．A health magazine B．A history book C．A travel guide of a city D．A newspaper
D
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37, 500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their journey was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Rich and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle (应对) deserts and jungles. They also survived an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
Talking about their motivation, Richard said, “The world’s leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but, in spite of this promise, over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities.”
32．Why did the two teachers travel the world
A．To support an education project. B．To create a new world record.
C．To entertain themselves. D．To challenge themselves.
33．How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average
A．A little more than 30 kilometers. B．About 14 miles.
C．43 miles. D．70 kilometers.
34．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．How they realized their next goal.
B．Their exciting experience on the road.
C．The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D．The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
35．Which of the following best describes the two teachers
A．Curious and brave. B．Humorous and generous.
C．Courageous and responsible. D．Efficient and honest.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Failure is likely the most tiring experience one ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding. 36
In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. 37
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the most difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works.
38 Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can then let the unconsciousness (无意识) take over.
When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Day after day, I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. 39 One day, mentally exhausted, I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. 40 In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
A．My fatigue became almost unbearable.
B．I felt depressed and gave it up eventually.
C．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.
D．Use your unconsciousness and you can reduce your tiredness.
E．An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.
F．The solution is not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.
G．Here are two ways of exhaustion ——start-up fatigue and performance fatigue.
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空处的最佳选项。
When she first looked for her wedding dress, Gwendolyn Stuglis had a budget or $1,000. After trying on several dresses, she was 41 a champagne-colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk. “I got 42 in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted,” she admitted. The only 43 : it was triple her budget. After some encouragement from her mother-in-law, Stulgis 44 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 45 made for me.” She wore the gown with 46 when she became a Stulgis.
As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the 47 was over. Realizing the dress would be 48 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search a 49 bride. In the post, there were two 50 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be 51 others. More than 70 messages 52 into Stulgis’ mailbox immediately. Margaret Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw Stulgis’ Facebook 53 . She told her sister-in-law, Alycia Ashley, that she wanted to enter but was 54 . So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, 55 Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.
Stulgis was moved by Ashley’s 56 . On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was unbelievable,” she said 57 . Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests. After her post, Stulgis 58 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. Stulgis’ community of bridal donations started with such a 59 emotion. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 60 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dressing shouldn’t be kept in the closet.”
41．A．shown B．donated C．awarded D．reminded
42．A．lights B．tears C．fears D．troubles
43．A．price B．drawback C．catch D．decision
44．A．accepted B．offered C．purchased D．abandoned
45．A．seriously B．fortunately C．doubtfully D．completely
46．A．expectation B．dignity C．admiration D．pride
47．A．reception B．trade C．ceremony D．bargain
48．A．stored B．wasted C．ignored D．treasured
49．A．charming B．suitable C．selfless D．kind
50．A．requests B．levels C．plans D．solutions
51．A．passed onto B．helped out C．devoted to D．handed over to
52．A．gathered B．happened C．flooded D．swelled
53．A．account B．application C．comment D．post
54．A．busy B．confident C．outgoing D．hesitant
55．A．describing B．treating C．impressing D．directing
56．A．response B．dream C．reaction D．message
57．A．secretly B．excitedly C．desperately D．eagerly
58．A．sheltered B．promoted C．started D．collected
59．A．giving B．surprising C．refreshing D．moving
60．A．design B．achieve C．update D．copy
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 61 (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close connections with particular historical 62 (period), such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. Its existence 63 (record) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing. 64 (variety) combinations of forms and genres exist.
Many or most of these 65 (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 66 (active) continued up to the year of 1919, 67 the May Fourth Movement took place, and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2,500 year period of more or less continuous development shows 68 great deal of diversity-classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 69 (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy.
Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 70 poetry worldwide.
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线（ ）, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2 .只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
With time going by, more and more unforgettable things have appeared in my life. That has impressed me most is the experience of chatting with the elderly. Last summer holiday, I volunteered work as a cleaner in a nursing home. Not only did I sweep the floor and washed dishes but I took care of the elderly as well. The cleaning job in the nursing home was hard and bored and seemed endless, where made me so tired that I wanted to give up halfway. However, chatting with the old people with rich experience broadened their mind and made me fill with energy. Seen the smiling faces, I gradual had a better understanding of the voluntary work. Therefore, I stuck to my job with determination and had a fun. Never will I forget those days.
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
“友善”是中华民族的传统美德，你校以“友善”为主题举办英语征文比赛,内容包括：
1. 日常生活中的友善行为；
2. 友善行为的意义或价值；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统美德traditional virtues
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

展开更多......

收起↑