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江苏省如皋市2024年2月高考适应性考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力 (共两节，20小题，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman usually have for breakfast
A. Some meat. B. A small amount of fruit. C. Plenty of vegetables.
2. What time was the train supposed to arrive
A. At 9:00 a.m. B. At 9:10 a.m. C. At 9:20 a.m.
3.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Parent and child. B. Future in-laws. C. Strangers.
4.Where is the conversation probably taking place
A. In a doctor’s office. B. At a hotel reception. C. In a bed store.
5. What’s the main reason that the man bought a new car
A. To offer a car to his workers.
B. To help protect the environment.
C. To replace his old one.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where are the speakers probably
A. In a tube station. B. At the man’s home. C. In a university classroom.
7.How is the man trying to help the woman
A. By showing her around the city.
B. By offering advice about one of her courses.
C. By encouraging her to feel more confident.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the main idea of the conversation
A. Soccer is hard to enjoy.
B. Everyone has some hobby.
C. Experience leads to understanding.
9. Why doesn’t the woman like soccer according to the man
A. She has never played sports.
B. Fans have too much passion.
C. The players move around too much.
10. What did the woman think of wine before
A. It’s smelly. B. It’s delicious. C. It’s not worth buying-
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman think of English literature lectures
A. Dull. B. Difficult. C. Useless.
12. What course is the woman taking
A. English. B. Math. C. Economics.
13.What does the woman is essential to work
A. Having knowledge of economics.
B. Gaining skills in communication.
C. Making more friends.
听第9段材料同第14至16题。
14. How did the woman know about the job
A. By reading a newspaper advertisement.
B. By watching a commercial on TV.
C. By listening to the morning news.
15. What was the woman doing in Geneva
A. Teaching English at a university.
B. Taking management courses.
C. Working as a secretary.
16. Why did the woman find the job attractive
A. She could work close to her family.
B. She could travel overseas frequently.
C. She could be offered a higher position.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17Who is the speaker mainly talking to
A. A group of buyers at a commercial art gallery.
B. A group of students in the history class.
C. A group of visitors in a museum.
18. What country is the speaker probably in currently
A. China. B. The US. C. The Netherlands.
19. When was the first commercial camera invented
A. In 1021. B. In 1886. C. In 1991.
20. What will the speaker’s group probably do next
A. Take some photos.
B. Sign contracts to make purchases.
C. Watch a movie about photography.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May, and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc. ) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called ”rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1. What can we learn about application
A. There is a standard application form.
B. One will be charged for his/her application.
C. It is still available when the program starts.
D. It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
2. What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A. Sit the test in US B. Speak well Japanese.
C. Excel in English. D. Volunteer at test centers.
3. Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A. Culture. B. Travelling. C. Entertainment. D. Campus.
B
“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less daunting than it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A. She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B. Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C. She struck a balance between work and family.
D. She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
5. What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Realistic. B. Scary. C. Unlikely. D. Attractive.
6. What contributed most to her success according to the author
A. Supportive work environment. B. Academic researches.
C. Involvement in engaging projects. D. Interest in the projects.
7. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To analyze. B. To entertain. C. To promote. D. To report.
C
Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
8. What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A. It is ill reputed. B. It is mostly misapplied.
C. It is totally ignored. D. It is seemingly contradictory.
9. What has America been witnessing
A. A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B. A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C. An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D. A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
10. What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A. Tolerant. B. Enthusiastic. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving.
11. According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A. Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B. Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C. Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D. Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
D
Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to
using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
12. What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A. To help him fight boredom. B. To develop his creative ability.
C. To make his drug more powerful. D. To aid the process of his experiments.
13. What can we learn about Temple’s system
A. Its effect remains to be seen. B. It failed to work as expected.
C. It is too complicated to operate. D. It has produced satisfying results.
14. Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A. To get rid of public fear of the virus.
B. To show h1s talent in producing music.
C. To facilitate people’s understanding of science.
D. To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Why scientists are turning molecules into music.
B. How scientists help the public understand science.
C. Why music can be the best way to present science.
D. How music helps scientists conduct their research.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today. _______16_______When combined with other conditions the fear of elevators is very frequent.
______17______Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people. Since so many people suffer from the fear of elevators, there may be support groups in some areas. These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life.______18______
Usually, the fear of elevators can be treated. Let sufferers visualize riding an elevator and picture the aspects which are frightening. Then they may be required to involve themselves in the part that scares them most. For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again. ______19______ Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.
Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights.______20______ But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.
A. Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.
B. By now, you have identified what scares you most.
C. This will likely still cause anxiety the first few times
D. Sufferers usually force themselves to face their fears.
E. They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.
F. In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.
G. It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My brother and I were driving home together and started talking. Because of this ______21______, my brother took a wrong turn.
______22______, the wrong turn took us toward a bridge and, we had no way of turning back. My brother had to ______23______ to cross. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ______24______ waste of $4.
As we drove forward, my brother ______25______ an old black Mustang (福特野马汽车) which pulled over to the side of the road. A young guy was standing nearby trying to phone someone. I was busy trying to figure out which way we went next but my brother ______26______ and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a ______27______ tire.
My brother helped him change the flat. We started getting to know the young man had a bad week; earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this ______28______ on his way home from work. But he called us “a ______29______ of fresh air” and kept thanking us because he really would have been _______30_______ if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give us. “No,” I said. “We were never supposed to even get on that bridge. We took a wrong______31______. But now we know why we did. It was to_______32_______ you. Thank you for turning our mistake into a ______33______ to serve.”
What ______34______ me most was my brother’s calm mind and open mind. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed!) even in an otherwise negative_______35_______.
21.
A. distraction B. recreation C. participation D. introduction
22.
A. Inefficiently B. Unnecessarily C. Impractically D. Unfortunately
23.
A. pretend B. pay C. struggle D. wait
24.
A. needless B. unreasonable C. abnormal D. irregular
25.
A. powered B. repaired C. started D. spotted
26.
A. discovered B. relaxed C. stopped D. phoned
27.
A. front B. flat C. used D. spare
28.
A. problem B. discovery C. ignorance D. decision
29.
A. sacrifice B. breath C. journey D. dream
30.
A. hurt B. lost C. tired D. stuck
31.
A. bus B. picture C. turn D. seat
32.
A. assist B. instruct C. sponsor D. approach
33.
A. rule B. chance C. plan D. belief
34.
A. changed B. shocked C. impressed D. encouraged
35.
A. thought B. relationship C. situation D. effect
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Mobile, the world’s largest telecom carrier by mobile subscribers, has successfully launched the world’s first satellite to test 6G architecture，______36______ (mark) a milestone in its efforts to explore integrated space and ground communication technology.
The low-earth orbit test satellite is the world’s first to employ 6G design architecture, and it______37______ (launch) on Saturday along with another satellite that comes with China Mobile’s 5G technology.
The 6G test satellite ______38______ (host) a distributed autonomous architecture for 6G, which was jointly developed by China Mobile and the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Innovation Academy for Microsatellites. The system, using domestic software and hardware, supports in-orbit software reconstruction, flexible deployment of core network functions______39______ automated management, enhancing the efficiency and______40______ (reliable) of the in-orbit operation of the satellite core network, China Mobile said.
Set at an orbit height of approximately 500 kilometers, these experimental satellites offer advantages such as low latency and high data transfer rates ______41______ (compare) with high-orbit satellites ______42______ travel at 36,000 kilometers.
Positioned as ______43______ crucial platform for future integrated space and ground networks, low-earth orbit satellites can address telecom signal coverage gaps in terrestrial mobile networks, providing higher bandwidth satellite internet services______44______ (systematic), according to China Mobile.
China Mobile said ______45______ plans to conduct in-orbit experiments based on these test satellites, accelerating the integration and development of space-to-ground technology industries.
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动流程；
3．注意事项。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony
Notice
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a bright spring afternoon along the Maryland coast, and Jonathan Bauer, 51, a technology executive at a hospital, and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were taking full advantage of it. They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on the 1.4-mile, two-lane Route 90 bridge, which spans the shallow waters of Assawoman Bay. Suddenly, the calm was disturbed by the scream of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a black truck was sliding from one lane to the other. To the Bauers’ horror, it crashed into a concrete barrier, spun like a circle, jumped over the SUV directly ahead of them, and came to rest hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer hit the brakes in time to avoid the vehicles in his path.
And then another scream. It came from the truck, which had come to rest on its right side. The driver’s door flung open and a man climbed out. He dropped to the ground, then rushed to the railing. Bauer ran up beside him. The man pointed down, saying something in Spanish. In the water was a car seat. Moving next to it, a girl, about two years old. Pink polka-dotted dress, brown hair, brown eyes, terrified, floating on her back, kicking and splashing and screaming.
From around the truck, more screaming from others who had gotten clear of the accident came. Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the little girl rolled over onto her stomach. Bauer waited for the truck driver to do something, but he was rooted. Maybe he was in shock.
He was not sure about his chances jumping from this height into such shallow water. Four feet of depth was the most he could hope for—he’d gotten his boat stuck here a time or two. And were there rocks this close to the concrete pillar (桥墩) of the bridge But the truck driver didn’t move. Time ticking by, he had to take action. “Ava!” Bauer yelled, ready to remove his shoes. “Stay by the car!”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then he climbed onto the railing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally he reached the shore with the little girl in his arms
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力1-5 BABCB 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 ABBAC 16-20 ACCBA江苏省如皋市2024年2月高考适应性考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力 (共两节，20小题，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman usually have for breakfast
A. Some meat. B. A small amount of fruit. C. Plenty of vegetables.
2. What time was the train supposed to arrive
A. At 9:00 a.m. B. At 9:10 a.m. C. At 9:20 a.m.
3.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Parent and child. B. Future in-laws. C. Strangers.
4.Where is the conversation probably taking place
A. In a doctor’s office. B. At a hotel reception. C. In a bed store.
5. What’s the main reason that the man bought a new car
A. To offer a car to his workers.
B. To help protect the environment.
C. To replace his old one.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where are the speakers probably
A. In a tube station. B. At the man’s home. C. In a university classroom.
7.How is the man trying to help the woman
A. By showing her around the city.
B. By offering advice about one of her courses.
C. By encouraging her to feel more confident.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the main idea of the conversation
A. Soccer is hard to enjoy.
B. Everyone has some hobby.
C. Experience leads to understanding.
9. Why doesn’t the woman like soccer according to the man
A. She has never played sports.
B. Fans have too much passion.
C. The players move around too much.
10. What did the woman think of wine before
A. It’s smelly. B. It’s delicious. C. It’s not worth buying-
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman think of English literature lectures
A. Dull. B. Difficult. C. Useless.
12. What course is the woman taking
A. English. B. Math. C. Economics.
13.What does the woman is essential to work
A. Having knowledge of economics.
B. Gaining skills in communication.
C. Making more friends.
听第9段材料同第14至16题。
14. How did the woman know about the job
A. By reading a newspaper advertisement.
B. By watching a commercial on TV.
C. By listening to the morning news.
15. What was the woman doing in Geneva
A. Teaching English at a university.
B. Taking management courses.
C. Working as a secretary.
16. Why did the woman find the job attractive
A. She could work close to her family.
B. She could travel overseas frequently.
C. She could be offered a higher position.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.Who is the speaker mainly talking to
A. A group of buyers at a commercial art gallery.
B. A group of students in the history class.
C. A group of visitors in a museum.
18. What country is the speaker probably in currently
A. China. B. The US. C. The Netherlands.
19. When was the first commercial camera invented
A. In 1021. B. In 1886. C. In 1991.
20. What will the speaker’s group probably do next
A. Take some photos.
B. Sign contracts to make purchases.
C. Watch a movie about photography.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow:
Timing
Universities and colleges in the US usually offer two main academic terms: Spring terms run from January to May, and fall terms run from mid-August or September to December. While each US university and college will have different dates for applying to programs, application submissions are usually open and accepted 10months before the program starts.
Application
Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee.
Take admissions tests
Students applying to universities and colleges in the US must take certain examinations (SAT, ACT, GMAT, etc. ) that measure achievement. International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. These tests are given at test centers around the world. They are “standardized”, so that students take the same test at every test center. Your scores give the admissions office a uniform international standard for measuring your ability in comparison with other students.
Receive acceptance letters
After the application deadline, you will begin receiving letters from your chosen schools. Some universities inform candidates of their acceptance soon after their documents have arrived in the admissions office; this is called ”rolling admissions”. Other schools, however, wait several months and inform all candidates at one time.
1. What can we learn about application
A. There is a standard application form.
B. One will be charged for his/her application.
C. It is still available when the program starts.
D. It has to be submitted in person ahead of time.
2. What should a Japanese student do if he/she wants to apply to US colleges
A. Sit the test in US B. Speak well Japanese.
C. Excel in English. D. Volunteer at test centers.
3. Which section of a newspaper is this text most likely taken from
A. Culture. B. Travelling. C. Entertainment. D. Campus.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了申请美国大学的步骤。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Application下“Each institution has its own application form, and all US universities which accept international students give you the option to apply online. Keep in mind that many US institutions have an application fee. (每个机构都有自己的申请表，所有接受国际学生的美国大学都可以选择在线申请。请记住，许多美国院校都有申请费。)”可知，申请将收取费用。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Take admissions tests下的“International students must also take a test that measures English language excellence. (国际学生还必须参加英语语言能力测试。)”可知，如果日本学生想申请美国大学，他/她应该擅长英语。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Each US university and college sets its own admission standards and decides which applicants meet those standards. But the steps are the same for each. Here are some of the major steps you will follow: (每所美国大学和学院都有自己的录取标准，并决定哪些申请人符合这些标准。但每个步骤都是相同的。以下是一些你应该遵循的主要步骤：)”以及综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了申请美国大学的步骤，所以应能在报纸的校园板块看到。故选D项。
B
“I am so sorry,” I tearfully said to my principal investigator (PI), explaining I would not be able to return to work as originally planned. Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.
Thankfully, my PI had more foresight. He told me I didn’t need to resign and that he could offer me a contract that would allow me to contribute to our project from afar. It proved to be an absolute career lifeline tailored to me.
Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away, the prospect was much less daunting than it would have been otherwise. I ended up landing a lecturer position that allowed me to slowly ease back in, focusing on teaching and scholarship with research taking a back seat. And when, 4 years on, a senior lectureship position came up in the very group I had left a decade earlier, the timing was right. With both of my children in “big school,” I was ready to really put my foot down on the career accelerator. I got the job.
Now, 6 months into my new role, I am happy to be right where it all began, with involvement in so many interesting projects. But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.
4. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A She chose to sacrifice her family for her career.
B. Her path to PI began when she became a parent.
C. She struck a balance between work and family.
D. She had intended to stick to her academic plans.
5. What does the underlined word “daunting” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Realistic. B. Scary. C. Unlikely. D. Attractive.
6. What contributed most to her success according to the author
A. Supportive work environment. B. Academic researches.
C. Involvement in engaging projects. D. Interest in the projects.
7. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To analyze. B. To entertain. C. To promote. D. To report.
【答案】4 D 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者讲述了自己成为父母后因为无法回到原来的工作岗位而感到困惑和担忧。然而，幸运的是，他们的研究主任为他提供了一份可以远程参与项目的合同，这成为了他职业生涯的转折点。经过几年的休假，作者感到自己已经准备好重新全职工作，最终找到了一份讲师职位。凭借着之前在离开期间的经验，回归工作并没有那么困难。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Before I became a parent, I had assumed a baby would fit right into my academic plans. But now, as the end of my leave approached, I realized I couldn’t simply carry on as I always had. I was worried this decision might signal the end of my academic career-but I felt I had no other choice.( 在我为人父母之前，我曾以为有个孩子正好符合我的学业计划。但现在，随着我的假期即将结束，我意识到我不能像往常一样简单地继续下去。我担心这个决定可能标志着我学术生涯的结束，但我觉得我别无选择。)”可知，作者之前认为孩子会完全适应她的学术计划，但现在她意识到不能像以前一样继续工作，因此她感到困惑和担忧即作者本来打算坚持自己的学业计划。故选D。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Then five years after stepping back from academia, I felt ready to re-enter more fully. Because I had been able to keep my hand in during my time away(在退出学术界五年后，我觉得自己已经准备好更全面地重返学术界。因为在我离开的这段时间里，我一直没能让自己对工作保持熟练)”可知，虽然作者退出了学术界，但是一直为让自己对学术界生疏，保持着熟悉的状态，因此前景远没有以前那么让作者害怕。故划线词与B选项“Scary.(害怕的)”为同义词。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave.( 但真正对我产生影响的是在这段时间里我所需要的东西。我希望更多的机构和企业能够为那些不想放弃自己的事业，但希望或需要延长休假时间的员工提供创造性的规定。)”可知，现在，6个月过去了，作者很高兴回到了一切的起点，在众多有趣的项目中参与其中，但最让其开心的是能够在那段时间离开时得到所需的帮助。因此作者认为最为重要的是支持性的工作环境。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But what truly made the difference for me was the offer of what I needed during that time away. I hope more institutions and Pls can come up with creative provisions for those in their workforce who don’t want to give up their careers but want-or need-to take extended periods of leave. And to those who are taking such breaks, or considering it, know that returning is possible. Above all, on both sides: Please do not discount extended leavers. We have a lot to offer-if we are given the chance.(但真正对我产生影响的是在这段时间里我所需要的东西。我希望更多的机构和企业能够为那些不想放弃自己的事业，但希望或需要延长休假时间的员工提供创造性的规定。对于那些正在休假或考虑休假的人，要知道，回来是可能的。最重要的是，双方:请不要轻视长期离职者。如果给我们机会，我们有很多东西可以提供。)”可知，从文章最后一段可以看出，作者希望通过自己的经历告诉人们，回归工作是可能的，并呼吁更多的机构和领导提供有创意的设施，不要轻易忽视那些休长期假期的人的能力和价值。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进人们对于这个问题的关注和重视。故选C。
C
Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.
The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.
America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.
“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”
Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.
Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.
Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.
8. What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms
A. It is ill reputed. B. It is mostly misapplied.
C. It is totally ignored. D. It is seemingly contradictory.
9. What has America been witnessing
A. A burning passion for improving teaching methods.
B. A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.
C. An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.
D. A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.
10. What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”
A. Tolerant. B. Enthusiastic. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving.
11. According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success
A. Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.
B. Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.
C. Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.
D. Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了美国一直存在的教授孩子阅读方法的长时间争议。文章指出，实际上，研究已经证明了音节发音法的有效性。缺乏适当培训的教师可能会运用自己学会阅读的方式来教学，而不是重视音节发音的教学方法。同时，文章还提到密西西比州通过采用科学上有依据的阅读方法，在全美国范围内取得了显著的进步。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.(但在许多教室里，这可能是一个肮脏的词。以至于一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室。一项又一项研究发现，大多数美国孩子被教导阅读的方式是错误的。)”可知，一些老师不得不把自然拼读法的教材偷偷带进教室，由此推断自然拼读在美国的大多数教室中被认为是名声不好的。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades.(美国陷入了一场关于教孩子阅读的争论，这场争论已经持续了几十年。)”可知，关于如何教孩子阅读的争论持续了很久。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中““A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”(“一点自然拼读法是远远不够的。密西西比州教育部小学教育和阅读执行主任Tenette Smith说，“它必须是系统的、明确的教学。”)”可知，Tenette Smith认为一点自然拼读法是远远不够的，它必须是系统的和明确的教学，故其对“balanced literacy”的态度是不赞同的。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. (密西西比的成功归功于阅读方法的应用，这些方法得到了一系列被称为阅读科学的研究的支持。)”以及本段中“They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness, fluency and comprehension, worked best.(他们发现，在音素意识、流畅性和理解方面的明确指导下，自然拼读法效果最好。)”可知，作者认为，采用科学的方法来教授阅读有助于密西西比的成功。故选C。
D
Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.
So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.
Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies to
using it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.
So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.
Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.
12. What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound
A. To help him fight boredom. B. To develop his creative ability.
C. To make his drug more powerful. D. To aid the process of his experiments.
13. What can we learn about Temple’s system
A. Its effect remains to be seen. B. It failed to work as expected.
C. It is too complicated to operate. D. It has produced satisfying results.
14. Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it
A. To get rid of public fear of the virus.
B. To show h1s talent in producing music.
C. To facilitate people’s understanding of science.
D. To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Why scientists are turning molecules into music.
B. How scientists help the public understand science.
C. Why music can be the best way to present science.
D. How music helps scientists conduct their research.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.(Temple在第一次实验中创建了自己的算法软件，将数据转化为声音，他相信由此产生的音乐可以用来改善研究和科学交流)”可知，Temple将DNA数据转化为声音的目的是帮助改善研究，协助进行实验。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”.(因此，Temple 决定增加声音的层次，使声音化的歌曲。他看到了“声音化”和“沉思化”之间的明显区别。使用声音来表示数据是科学的，但与使用创造性输入来制作歌曲截然不同)以及最后一段“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.(Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统。他曾在澳大利亚的音乐厅公开表演他的歌曲)”可知，Temple研究的系统看到了和之前截然不同的效果，而且帮助人们理解生物学中的复杂系统。由此可推知，他的研究系统出现了令人满意的效果。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. (Temple将这项工作视为一种有效的沟通工具，将帮助普通观众理解生物学中的复杂系统)”可知，Temple在对病毒进行声波处理时试图让它听起来像真正的音乐的原因是为了促进人们对科学的理解。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.(在他介绍这种药物之前，他会在屏幕上观察DNA组合，看看什么对实验最有效，但序列的视觉读数往往大得难以想象)”以及第二段的“So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. (因此，Temple想知道是否有一种更容易的方法来检测有利的模式)”以及全文的内容可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Mark Temple为什么以及如何将DNA数据转化为声音，以及这种转化对科学研究和科学传播的价值。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today. _______16_______When combined with other conditions, the fear of elevators is very frequent.
______17______Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people. Since so many people suffer from the fear of elevators, there may be support groups in some areas. These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life.______18______
Usually, the fear of elevators can be treated. Let sufferers visualize riding an elevator and picture the aspects which are frightening. Then they may be required to involve themselves in the part that scares them most. For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again. ______19______ Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.
Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights.______20______ But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.
A. Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.
B. By now, you have identified what scares you most.
C. This will likely still cause anxiety the first few times
D. Sufferers usually force themselves to face their fears.
E. They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.
F. In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.
G. It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克服电梯恐惧的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The fear of elevators is actually one of the most common phobias (恐惧症) experienced today.(对电梯的恐惧实际上是当今最常见的恐惧症之一。)”以及后文“When combined with other conditions, the fear of elevators is very frequent.(当结合其他情况时，对电梯的恐惧是非常频繁的。)”可知，电梯恐惧可能与其他恐惧相结合，由此可知，空处提到了另一种有关的恐惧。G选项“It may present itself with another fear, such as the fear of limited spaces.(它可能会表现出另一种恐惧，比如对有限空间的恐惧。)”中提到了另一种恐惧，其中It指代上文phobias。故G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Some may be frightened of being up so high. Others may be afraid of the enclosed space. Still others are afraid to be close to other people.(有些人可能害怕高。其他人可能会害怕封闭的空间。还有一些人害怕与他人亲近。)”可知，后文列举了不同人不同的恐惧，本句为本段第一句，应总起下文，说明乘电梯的很多方面的问题都会引起人的恐惧，A选项“Many aspects may cause fear in sufferers.(许多方面可能会引起患者的恐惧。)”说明乘电梯的很多方面会引起不同的人不同的恐惧，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
空前“These are most common in cities with lots of tall buildings where riding an elevator is almost impossible to avoid in day-to-day life.(这在高楼林立的城市里最为常见，在这些城市里，日常生活中几乎不可能避免乘坐电梯。)”说明在城市里，几乎不可能避免乘电梯，空格处应该说明不能避免乘电梯会对人有什么影响，F选项“In these locations, the fear of elevators can affect everyday activities.(在这些地方，对电梯的恐惧会影响日常活动。)”中的these locations指代空前的tall buildings，说明了在这些地方，乘电梯的恐惧会影响人的日常活动，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“For example, someone who is afraid of heights may start by climbing a ladder over and over again.(例如，一个恐高的人可能会一遍又一遍地爬梯子)”以及后文“Next, they move on to a greater height, such as climbing a tree. As they experience greater and greater levels, their fear may become lessened. Finally, they will be able to enter an elevator.(接下来，它们会爬到更高的地方，比如爬树。当他们体验到越来越高的层次时，他们的恐惧可能会减少。最后，他们将能够进入电梯。)”可知，上文提到了先通过爬梯子来减少恐高，然后再通过爬树灯来克服更高的高度。由此可知，当对爬梯子的恐惧减少后，可以进入下一个挑战。E选项“They can stop this process when it causes little anxiety.(当这个过程不会引起焦虑时，他们可以停止这个过程。)”说明了当爬梯子不再恐惧后就可以停止爬楼梯，然后进行空后所说的事情，即爬到更高的地方，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据空前“Sometimes just stepping into it is a start. At other times, they will be asked to ride up a few flights.(有时候，进入它也是一个开始。在其他时候，他们会被要求乘坐几层楼。)”以及空后“But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.But they can use methods which work when accomplishing smaller goals. Finally, after many attempts, riding an elevator may not cause anxiety at all.(但是当他们完成较小的目标时，他们可以使用有效的方法。最后，经过多次尝试，乘坐电梯可能根本不会引起焦虑。)”可知，步入电梯是一个开始，但如何要克服电梯恐惧，还需要练习乘坐几层楼，C选项“This will likely still cause anxiety the first few times.(这可能会在最初几次引起焦虑。)”说明刚开始他们进入电梯还是会恐惧或焦虑，和后文后来他们战胜焦虑相呼应，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My brother and I were driving home together and started talking. Because of this ______21______, my brother took a wrong turn.
______22______, the wrong turn took us toward a bridge and, we had no way of turning back. My brother had to ______23______ to cross. He was clearly frustrated by the mistake and the ______24______ waste of $4.
As we drove forward, my brother ______25______ an old black Mustang (福特野马汽车) which pulled over to the side of the road. A young guy was standing nearby trying to phone someone. I was busy trying to figure out which way we went next but my brother ______26______ and asked the guy if he needed any help. And he did. He had a ______27______ tire.
My brother helped him change the flat. We started getting to know the young man had a bad week; earlier he had gotten into a minor car accident, and now this ______28______ on his way home from work. But he called us “a ______29______ of fresh air” and kept thanking us because he really would have been _______30_______ if we hadn’t come along. After we had finished the job, he pulled out $20 to give us. “No,” I said. “We were never supposed to even get on that bridge. We took a wrong______31______. But now we know why we did. It was to_______32_______ you. Thank you for turning our mistake into a ______33______ to serve.”
What ______34______ me most was my brother’s calm mind and open mind. He was able to see a chance to help (which I totally missed!) even in an otherwise negative_______35_______.
21.
A. distraction B. recreation C. participation D. introduction
22.
A Inefficiently B. Unnecessarily C. Impractically D. Unfortunately
23.
A pretend B. pay C. struggle D. wait
24.
A. needless B. unreasonable C. abnormal D. irregular
25.
A. powered B. repaired C. started D. spotted
26.
A. discovered B. relaxed C. stopped D. phoned
27.
A. front B. flat C. used D. spare
28.
A. problem B. discovery C. ignorance D. decision
29.
A. sacrifice B. breath C. journey D. dream
30.
A. hurt B. lost C. tired D. stuck
31.
A. bus B. picture C. turn D. seat
32.
A. assist B. instruct C. sponsor D. approach
33.
A. rule B. chance C. plan D. belief
34.
A. changed B. shocked C. impressed D. encouraged
35.
A. thought B. relationship C. situation D. effect
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和哥哥开车回家时由于分心，哥哥转错了弯，上了一座桥，支付了本没有必要的过路费。在路途中，尽管很沮丧，作者的哥哥却主动帮助了一个车子爆胎的人，得到了对方的感谢。哥哥这样的冷静和开放心态给作者留下了深刻的印象。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于分心，我哥哥转错了方向。A. distraction分心的事物；B. recreation娱乐，消遣；C. participation参加，参与；D. introduction介绍，引进。根据上文“My brother and I were driving home together and started talking”和下文“my brother took a wrong turn(我哥哥转错了弯)”可知，转错了弯应是因为两人边开车边说话，分心了。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，转错了弯，我们驶往一座桥，没有办法回头。A. Inefficiently无效率地，缺乏能力地；B. Unnecessarily不必要地，多余地；C. Impractically不切实际地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“we had no way of turning back(我们没有回头路)”可知，转错了弯还不能调头返回，这很不幸。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥需要支付过路费。A. pretend假装；B. pay支付；C. struggle斗争，努力；D. wait等待，等候。根据下文“waste of $4”可知，要支付一定的费用才能通过桥梁。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他显然对这个错误和不必要的4美元浪费感到沮丧。A. needless不必要的，可以避免的；B. unreasonable不合理的，不公正的；C. abnormal不正常的，反常的；D. irregular不规则的，不整齐的。根据前文“the wrong turn took us toward a bridge(转错弯把我们带向一座桥)”可知，转错弯导致了过路费的产生，因此这里4美元本是可以避免的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们向前行驶时，我哥哥注意到一辆旧的黑色野马停在路边。A. powered驱动，迅猛移动；B. repaired修理；C. started开始；D. spotted注意到，看到。根据后文宾语“an old black Mustang, which pulled over to the side of the road(一辆黑色的老野马，停在了路边)”可知，这里应是看到了停在路边的车。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥停下来问那个人是否需要帮助。A. discovered发现；B. relaxed使放松；C. stopped阻止，停止；D. phoned打电话。根据后文“asked the guy if he needed any help(问那个人是否需要帮助)”可知，作者的哥哥已经向对方询问了，那么应是将车停了下来。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他爆胎了。A. front前面的；B. flat瘪的，平的；C. used用过的，二手的；D. spare备用的，闲置的。根据后文“My brother helped him change the flat. ”可知，轮胎瘪了。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始了解到这个年轻人这一周过得很糟糕；早些时候他遇到了一场小车祸，现在又在他下班回家的路上遇到了这个问题。A. problem问题；B. discovery发现；C. ignorance无知，无理；D. decision决定。根据语境分析，“this_______”应是指车胎瘪了这个问题。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他称我们为“一股新鲜空气”，并不断感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困住。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. breath呼吸，一次吸入的空气；C. journey旅程；D. dream梦想。根据前文“My brother helped him change the flat.(我哥哥帮他换了车胎。)”可推知，这里应是表达在经历了这么多糟糕的事情之后，“我们”的主动帮忙让他感到很欣慰。“a breath of fresh air”意为“一股清新的气息，令人感到宽慰、清新或新颖的事物”，贴合语境。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他称我们为“一股新鲜空气”，并不断感谢我们，因为如果我们不来，他真的会被困住。A. hurt受伤的；B. lost迷路的；C. tired疲累的；D. stuck动不了的，被困住的。根据后文“if we hadn’t come along(如果我们没有出现)”可知，假设作者二人没有上前帮忙的话，车子不能开，他就被困在这里了。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们（之前）转错了弯。A. bus公交车，公共汽车；B. picture图片，照片；C. turn转弯；D. seat座位。呼应前文“my brother took a wrong turn(我哥哥转错了弯)”这里应是“took a wrong turn”。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：是为了帮助你。A. assist帮助，协助；B. instruct指导，指示；C. sponsor赞助，举办；D. approach靠近，临近。根据前文“My brother helped him change the flat.(我哥哥帮他换了车胎。)”可推知，这里作者认为转错弯是为了来帮助对方。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感谢你把我们的错误变成为我们服务的机会。A. rule规则，规定；B. chance机会，机遇；C. plan计划，打算；D. belief信念，信仰。根据上文 “We took a wrong _____11 ____ . But now we know why we did. It was to ______12__ ____ you.(我们转错弯了。但现在我们知道为什么了。是为了帮助你。)”可知，作者认为，拐错弯其实提供了一个帮助别人的机会。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：给我印象最深的是我哥哥平静的心态和开放的心态。A. changed改变；B. shocked震惊；C. impressed使钦佩，使留下深刻印象；D. encouraged鼓励，鼓舞。根据前文“I was busy trying to figure out which way we went next but my brother _____6______ and asked the guy if he needed any help.(我正忙着弄清楚下一步该走哪条路，但我哥哥停下来问那个人是否需要帮助。)”可知，转错弯之后，作者急于想找到回路，而哥哥却停下车向别人提供帮助，这样的冷静和开放思维让作者印象深刻。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在其他不利的情况下，他也能看到帮助的机会（我完全错过了！）。A. thought想法，看法；B. relationship关系；C. situation情况，情境；D. effect效果。根据“negative(消极的)”以及作者他们之前转错弯的经历可知，应是形容当时作者他们其实也处于糟糕的状况中。故选C项。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Mobile, the world’s largest telecom carrier by mobile subscribers, has successfully launched the world’s first satellite to test 6G architecture，______36______ (mark) a milestone in its efforts to explore integrated space and ground communication technology.
The low-earth orbit test satellite is the world’s first to employ 6G design architecture, and it______37______ (launch) on Saturday along with another satellite that comes with China Mobile’s 5G technology.
The 6G test satellite ______38______ (host) a distributed autonomous architecture for 6G, which was jointly developed by China Mobile and the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Innovation Academy for Microsatellites. The system, using domestic software and hardware, supports in-orbit software reconstruction, flexible deployment of core network functions______39______ automated management, enhancing the efficiency and______40______ (reliable) of the in-orbit operation of the satellite core network, China Mobile said.
Set at an orbit height of approximately 500 kilometers, these experimental satellites offer advantages such as low latency and high data transfer rates ______41______ (compare) with high-orbit satellites ______42______ travel at 36,000 kilometers.
Positioned as ______43______ crucial platform for future integrated space and ground networks, low-earth orbit satellites can address telecom signal coverage gaps in terrestrial mobile networks, providing higher bandwidth satellite internet services______44______ (systematic), according to China Mobile.
China Mobile said ______45______ plans to conduct in-orbit experiments based on these test satellites, accelerating the integration and development of space-to-ground technology industries.
【答案】36. marking
37. was launched
38. hosts 39. and
40. reliability
41. compared
42. which##that
43. a 44. systematically
45. it
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国移动成功发射了世界首颗6G测试卫星，采用分布式自主架构，支持在轨软件重构和灵活部署，提供低延迟和高数据传输速率。这颗卫星位于低地球轨道，可弥补信号覆盖空白，为未来集成空地网络提供关键平台。计划基于这些测试卫星进行在轨实验，推动空地技术产业发展。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国移动，全球最大的移动通信运营商，成功发射了世界首颗用于测试6G架构的卫星，标志着其探索集成空间和地面通信技术的努力取得了重要进展。分析句子，句中has launched为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处“成功发射了世界首颗用于测试6G架构的卫星”该事件与mark之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填marking。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：这颗低地球轨道测试卫星是世界上第一颗采用6G设计架构的卫星，它于周六与另一颗搭载中国移动5G技术的卫星一起发射。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中on Saturday表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。同时it指代前文的The low-earth orbit test satellite，其与launch之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was launched。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：6G测试卫星承载了一个分布式的6G自主架构，由中国移动和中国科学院微卫星创新研究院共同开发。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语是单数，应用第三人称单数形式。故填hosts。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：中国移动表示，该系统采用国产软硬件，支持在轨软件重构、核心网功能灵活部署和自动化管理，提高了卫星核心网在轨运行的效率和可靠性。分析句子，此处in-orbit software reconstruction与 flexible deployment of core network functions与后文的automated management构成并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用reliable的名词reliability作宾语，意为“可靠性”，不可数。故填reliability。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些实验卫星的轨道高度约为500公里，与运行在36000公里的高轨道卫星相比，它们具有低延迟和高数据传输速率等优势。分析句子，句中offer为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。同时，these experimental satellites与compare之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。故填compared。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词high-orbit satellites ，为物，故使用that或者which。故填that或which。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国移动表示，作为未来空间和地面综合网络的关键平台，低地球轨道卫星可以解决地面移动网络的电信信号覆盖缺口，系统地提供更高带宽的卫星互联网服务。分析句子，句中platform为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故设空处使用不定冠词。同时其修饰词crucial首字母为辅音音素，应用a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用systematic的副词systematically作状语，修饰动词，意为“系统地”。故填systematically。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：中国移动表示，计划在这些测试卫星的基础上进行在轨实验，加快空间对地面技术产业的融合和发展。分析句子，句中缺少主语，故使用代词，此处指代China Mobile。故填it。
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动流程；
3．注意事项。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony
Notice
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
【答案】Notice
Dear fellow students,
I’m delighted to announce the upcoming 18-year-old adult ceremony (coming-of-age ceremony), a momentous occasion that marks our transition into adulthood.
The ceremony is to be held at 2 p.m. this Saturday at the school hall. It will begin with a warm welcome from our school leadership. Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey. In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
Please arrive promptly in your school uniforms, ready to embrace this momentous milestone.
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会写一则通知，告知同学们学校将举办十八岁成人仪式。内容包括：1.活动时间、地点；2.活动流程；3.注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy/glad
重大的：momentous → important/significant
举行：be held→take place
准时的：promptly→ on time/as scheduled
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
拓展句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, which should remind us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey.（运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.（运用了现在分词作定语）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a bright spring afternoon along the Maryland coast, and Jonathan Bauer, 51, a technology executive at a hospital, and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were taking full advantage of it. They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on the 1.4-mile, two-lane Route 90 bridge, which spans the shallow waters of Assawoman Bay. Suddenly, the calm was disturbed by the scream of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a black truck was sliding from one lane to the other. To the Bauers’ horror, it crashed into a concrete barrier, spun like a circle, jumped over the SUV directly ahead of them, and came to rest hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer hit the brakes in time to avoid the vehicles in his path.
And then another scream. It came from the truck, which had come to rest on its right side. The driver’s door flung open and a man climbed out. He dropped to the ground, then rushed to the railing. Bauer ran up beside him. The man pointed down, saying something in Spanish. In the water was a car seat. Moving next to it, a girl, about two years old. Pink polka-dotted dress, brown hair, brown eyes, terrified, floating on her back, kicking and splashing and screaming.
From around the truck, more screaming from others who had gotten clear of the accident came. Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the little girl rolled over onto her stomach. Bauer waited for the truck driver to do something, but he was rooted. Maybe he was in shock.
He was not sure about his chances jumping from this height into such shallow water. Four feet of depth was the most he could hope for—he’d gotten his boat stuck here a time or two. And were there rocks this close to the concrete pillar (桥墩) of the bridge But the truck driver didn’t move. Time ticking by, he had to take action. “Ava!” Bauer yelled, ready to remove his shoes. “Stay by the car!”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then he climbed onto the railing.
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Finally he reached the shore with the little girl in his arms.
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【答案】Then he climbed onto the railing. Taking a deep breath, he let go of the railing and jumped. The cold water surrounded him, but he managed to steady himself and began swimming towards the girl. As he got closer, he could see her face more clearly. She was crying, but her eyes were wide open, looking at him in fear and hope. Bauer reached out and gently took hold of her. When they broke through the surface, Bauer could hear shouts and cheers from above.
Finally he reached the shore with the little girl in his arms. As they were lifted out of the water, the truck driver finally came to himself. Bauer looked down at the girl. She was still crying, but her grip on him had loosened. She looked at him with wide, grateful eyes. “It’s okay, sweetie,” Bauer said, trying to comfort her. “You’re safe now.” And as he looked into her eyes, he knew that this moment, this rescue, would stay with him forever. It was a reminder of the power of love and courage, and the importance of being there for each other in times of crisis.
Another possible version
Then he climbed onto the railing. He was about to jump into the water when the truck driver suddenly came to himself and rushed to the railing. He looked at Bauer with fear in his eyes. “Let me go!” Bauer shouted. “Stay here with Ava!” The truck driver hesitated for a moment, then nodded. Bauer took a deep breath and jumped into the water. Thank Goodness! He was unhurt! He swam towards the little girl, picked her up, and began to swim towards the shore.
Finally he reached the shore with the little girl in his arms. He watched as the little girl was taken away and given to the truck driver and Ava. They were both smiling, their eyes full of gratitude and admiration. Back in the car, Ava hugged him tightly, tears welling up in her eyes. “Dad, I was so scared,” she said. “I know, baby,” Bauer said tenderly. “But it’s over now, and you’re both safe.” They drove home in silence, but Bauer knew that he was not just a skilled professional, but also a courageous and responsible father.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个明媚的春天下午，51岁的乔纳森.鲍尔和他13岁的女儿艾娃正在海边尽情享受。突然，轮胎的巨响打破了平静。一辆黑色皮卡撞上了一个混凝土障碍物，鲍尔及时刹车，但仍然引发一连串事故。一辆小货车的乘客舱和卡车车厢悬挂在护栏外，一个大约两岁的女孩掉进海里的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“他爬上栏杆。”可知，第一段可描写鲍尔成功救出小女孩的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，他抱着小女孩到达了岸边。”可知，第二段可描写鲍尔对小女孩的安慰以及对这个事情的感悟。
2.续写线索：观察——想方设法救出女孩——安慰——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.握住：take hold of/hold
2.开始：begin/start
3.设法做某事：manage to do sth/succeed in doing sth
情绪类
1.感激：appreciative/grateful
2.恐惧：in fear/ frightenedly
【点睛】【高分句型1】As they were lifted out of the water, the truck driver finally came to himself.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】When they broke through the surface, Bauer could hear shouts and cheers from above. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
听力1-5 BABCB 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 ABBAC 16-20 ACCBA

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