资源简介 一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事agree to do sth. 赞同做某事arrange to do sth.布置做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 恳求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决议做某事decide to do sth. 决议做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决计做某事expect to do sth. 等待做某事fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事help to do sth. 协助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事plan to do sth. 方案做某事prepare to do sth. 预备做某事pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事promise to do sth. 容许做某事refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注:有些不及物动词后习气上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 计划做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 盼望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹疑做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 招致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 压服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 通知某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 费事某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 正告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注:不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型:汉语说:“惧怕某人做某事”,但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“原谅某人做某事”,但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“回绝某人做某事”,但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“惩罚某人做某事”,但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“建议某人做某事”,但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“赞成某人做某事”,但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“告诉某人做某事”,但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“欢送某人做某事”,但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“坚持某人做某事”,但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“希望某人做某事”,但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“布置某人做某事”,但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“要求某人做某事”,但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“感激某人做某事”,但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“恭喜某人做某事”,但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。汉语说:“阻止某人做某事”,但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。要表示以上意思,可换用其他表达:汉语的“原谅某人做某事”,英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”,英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。汉语的“建议某人做某事”,英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“布置某人做某事”,英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。汉语的“要求某人做某事”,英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感激某人做某事”,英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“恭喜某人做某事”,英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”,英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth. 供认做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事avoid doing sth. 防止做某事consider doing sth. 思索做某事delay doing sth. 推延做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事fancy doing sth. 想象做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事forbid doing sth. 制止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事give up doing sth. 保持做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事prohibit doing sth. 制止做某事put off doing sth. 推延做某事report doing sth. 报告做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事stop doing sth. 中止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事understand doing sth. 了解做某事四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词bring sb. doing sth.惹起某人做某事catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事feel sb. doing sth. 觉得某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事notice sb. doing sth. 留意到某人做某事observe sb. doing sth. 察看某人做某事prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事send sb. doing sth.使某人(忽然)做某事set sb. doing sth. 使(惹起)某人做某事start sb. doing sth. 使某人开端做某事stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事watch sb. doing sth. 察看某人做某事五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 留意某人做某事observe sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相反的12个动词like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恶做某事prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开端做某事start to do sth / start doing sth. 开端做某事continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 持续做某事can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍耐做某事bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 费事做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 中止做某事七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事(2) forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事forget doing sth. 遗忘曾做过某事(3) regret to do sth. 懊悔(遗憾)要做某事regret doing sth. 懊悔(遗憾)曾做过某事(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果(5) mean to do sth. 计划做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能协助做某事can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事(7) go on to do sth. 做完某预先接着做另一事go on doing sth. 持续做不断在做的事注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停上去去做某事,后者指中止正在做的事初中词组一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组 (一)由be构成的词组 1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 2)be at home/work 在家/上班 3)be good at 善于,擅长于 4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细 5)be covered with 被……覆盖 6)be ready for 为……作好准备 7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 8)be interested in 对……感到举 9)be born 出生 10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着 11)be able to do sth. 能够做……12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……) 13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意) 15)be famous for 以……而著名 16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求 17)be from 来自……,什么地方人 18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了 19)be worried 担忧 20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做…… 21)be covered with 被……所覆盖…… 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 23)be in trouble 处于困境中 24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做…… 25)be late for ……迟到 26)be made of (from) 由……制成 27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意 28)be free 空闲的,有空 29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床 30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……) (二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组:1)come back 回来2)come down 下来3)come in 进入,进来4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来5)come out出来6)come out of 从……出来7)come up 上来8)come from 来自……9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读11)do one's best (to do sth.) 尽力(去做某事)12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning) 买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)13)do a good deed (good deeds) 做一件好事(做好事)14)do morning exercises 做早操15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操16)do well in 在……某方面干得好17)get up 起身;起床18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)21)get back 返回22)get rid of 除掉,去除23)get in 进入,收集24)get on/off 上/下车25)get to 到达26)get there 到达那里27)give sb. a call 给……打电话28)give a talk 作报告29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)30)give back 归还,送回31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告32)give lessons to 给……上课33)give in 屈服34)give up 放弃35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧38)go to the cinema 看电影39)go to bed 睡觉 (对比:make the bed 整理床铺)40)go to school / college) 上学 / 上大学41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病42)go over 过一遍,复习 / go over to 朝……走去 43)go fishing / skating / swimming / shopping 去钩鱼 / 滑冰 / 游泳 / 买东西44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿)45)go round 顺便去,绕道走46)go up 上去47)go out for a walk 外出散步48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作50)go upstairs/downstairs 上 / 下楼51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了52)have a lesson (lessons) / a meeting 上课/开会53)have a football / basketball match 举行一场足球 / 蓝球赛54)have dictation 听见55)have a try 试一试56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶)60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)62)have a dinner 吃正餐63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶64)have (have got) a headache 头痛65)have a fever 发烧66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)67)have a look (at) 看一看……68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)69)have a talk 谈话70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步71)have sports 进行体育锻炼72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会73)have something done 让人(请人)做……74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试75)have an idea 有了个主意76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)77)have a word with 与……谈几句话78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉80)help each other 互相帮助81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于……82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……84)keep one's diary 记日记85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)86)make a living 谋生87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做……88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸89)make friends (with)与……交朋友90)make a mistake (mistakes) 犯错误91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句93)make a fire 生火94)be made from/of 由……制成95)be made in 在……地方制造96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面)97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典98)look up 往上看,仰望99)look after 照管,照看,照顾100)look for 寻找101)look like 看上去像102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑103)look out 当心,小心104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待105)look around 朝四周看106)look at 看着……107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖109)put into 使进入,输入110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于111)put…down… 把……放下112)put…into… 把……译成113)set up 竖起,建起114)set off 出发,动身115)set out 出发116)set an example for 为……树立榜样117)send for 派人去请(叫)118)send out 放出,发出119)end up 把……往上送,发射120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告121)take out 拿出,取出122)take down 拿下123)take place 发生124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务125)take the place of 代替……126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息127)take it easy 别紧张128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)132)take an exam 参加考试133)take away 拿走134)take back 收回,带回135)take hold of 抓住……136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动138)take photos 拍照 139)take some medicine 服药140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)143)turn in 交出,上交144)turn…into… 变成145)turn to 翻到,转向146)turn down (把音量)调低147)turn…over 把……翻过来148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球149)play games 做游戏150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)151)play with snow 玩雪152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑 (三)由其他动词构成的词组153)think over 仔细考虑154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处155)eat up 吃完,吃光156)do well in 在……干得好157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)159)finish off 吃完,喝完160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事162)hold a meting 举行会议163)hold up 举起164)hurry up 赶快,快点165)enter for 报名参加166)langht at 嘲笑167)be used to 习惯于168)used to 过去常常169)wake…up 唤醒170)work out 算出二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组1)ask for 向……要……,请求2)ask for leave 请假3)send for 派人去请(叫)4)pay for 付……的款5)wait for 等候6)thank for 为……感谢7)apology to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉8)look for 寻找9)leave…for 离开……去……10)fall off 跌落11)catch cold 着凉,伤风12)catch up with 赶上13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见14)filled……with 把……装满15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事16)talk about 谈论……17)think about 考虑……18)worry about 担忧……19)look after 照料20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑21)read after 跟……读22)smile at 对……微笑23)knock at 敲(门、窗)24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷)25)throw away 扔掉26)work hard at 努力做……27)wait in line 排队等候28)change…into… 变成29)hurry into… 匆忙进入30)run into… 跑进31)hear of 听说32)think of 认为,考虑33)catch hold of 抓住34)instead of 代替……35)hand in 交上来36)stay in bed 卧病在床37)hear from 收到……来信38)at once 立刻39)at last 最后40)at first 起先,首先41)at the age of… 在……岁时 42)at the end of… 在……之末43)at the beginning of… 在……之初44)at the foot of… 在……脚下45)at the same time 同时46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助48)with the help of … 在……的帮助下49)with a smile 面带笑容50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见51)after a while 过了一会儿52)from now on 从现在起53)from then on 从那时起54)far example 例如55)far away from 远离56)from morning till night 从早到晚57)by and by 不久58)by air mail 寄航空邮件59)by ordinary mail 寄平信60)by the way 顺便说61)by the window 在窗边62)by the end of… 到……底为止63)little by little 逐渐地64)in all 总共65)in fact 事实上66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时67)in a hurry 匆忙68)in the middle of 在……中间69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快70)in time (on time) 及时71)in public 公众,公开地72)in order to 为了……73)in front of 在……前面74)in the sun 在阳光下75)in the end 最后,终于76)in surprise 惊奇地77)in turn 依次78)of course 当然79)a bit (of) 有一点儿80)a lot of 许多81)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上82)on foot 步行,走路83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告84)on the other hand 另一方面85)at/on the weekend 在周末86)on the left (right) 在左(右)边87)on the other side of 在……另一边88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)89)to one's joy 使……高兴的是90)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是三、量词词组和其他词组(一)量词词组1)a bit 一点儿2)a few (of) 一些(可数),几个……3)a little 一些(不可数)4)a lot of (lots of) 许多5)a piece of 一张(一片,块)6)a cup of 一茶怀7)a glass of 一玻璃杯8)a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆堆的)……9)a box of 一盒10)a copy of 一份,一本11)a bowl of 一碗12)a basket of 一篮13)a plate of 一盘14)a bottle of 一瓶15)a basin of 一脸盆16)a set of 一套17)a kind of 一种18)a type of 一种类型的19)a great deal of 非常多,大量的(不可数名词)20)a large (great) number of 非常多,大量的(可数名词)21)a great many 大量,许多(可数名词)22)a different type of 一种不同型号的23)a group of 一队,一组,一群(二)其他词组1)all kinds of 各种各样的2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全国3)all over 遍及每一部分,浑身4)all one's life 一生5)one after another 顺次6)the Children's Palace 少年宫7)day after day 日复一日8)up and down 上上下下9)the day after tomorrow 后天10)the day before yesterday 前天11)the last/past two years (or so) 最近两年(左右)12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界13)a moment ago 刚才14)just now/then 刚才/那时15)half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程16)late on 过后,后来初一英语语法总结一、初一英语语法——词法1、名词A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察; family家,家庭成员; class班,同学,九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs十二) 特殊形式的有:child---children, man---men, woman---women, foot---feet, mouse---mice, policeman---policemen, Englishman---EnglishmenB)名词所有格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)2、代词分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等。指 示 代 词近处 远处单数 this these复数 these those类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性第一 单数 I me my mine myself人称 复数 we us our ours ourselves第二 单数 you you your yours yourselves人称 复数 you you your yours yourselves第 单数 she her her hers herself三 he him his his himself人 it It its its itself称 复数 they them their theirs themselves3、动词A) 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes五)特殊的有:are-is, have-hasB) 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外)。如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big—bigger biggest;red—redder—reddest;hot—hotter—hottest三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)good/well—better—best;many/much —more— most ;bad/ill —worse worst;little—less—least;old—older/elder—oldest/eldest;far—farther/further— farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法——句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句a) These aren’t their books.b) They don’t look nice.c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate can’t find her doll.e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man.b) Let’s learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don’t be late.b) Don’t hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student b) Can I help you c) Does she like salad d) Do they watch TV e) Is she reading 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t.b) Yes, you can. b) No, you can’t.c) Yes, she does. c) No, she doesn’t.d) Yes, they do. d) No, they don’t.e) Yes, she is. e) No, she isn’t.2) 选择疑问句: Is the table big or small 回答: It’s big./ It’s small.3) 特殊疑问句① 问年龄:How old is Lucy She is twelve.② 问种类:What kind of movies do you like I like action movies and comedies.③ 问身体状况:How is your uncle He is well/fine.④ 问方式:How do/can you spell it L-double O-K.How do we contact you My e-mail address is cindyjones@.⑤ 问原因:Why do you want to join the club?⑥ 问时间:What’s the time (=What time is it ) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick At five o’clock.When do you want to go Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 问地方:Where’s my backpack It’s under the table.⑧ 问颜色:What color are they They are light blue.What’s your favourite color It’s black.⑨ 问人物:Who’s that It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue My brother.Who isn’t at school Peter and Emma.Who / Whom are Lisa and Tim talking to ⑩ 问东西:What’s this/that (in English) It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.问姓名:What’s your aunt’s name Her name is Helen. / She’s Helen.What’s your first name My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name My family name’s Smith.问哪一个:Which do you like I like one in the box.问字母:What letter is it It’s big D/small f.问价格:How much are these pants They’re 15 dollars.问电话号码:What’s your phone number It’s 576-8349.问谓语(动作):What’s he doing He’s watching TV.问职业(身份):What do you do I’m a teacher.What’s your father He’s a doctor.三、初一英语语法——时态1、一般现在时: 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时。系动词:She’s a worker. (肯定陈述句)She isn’t a worker. (否定陈述句)Is she a worker (一般疑问句)情态动词:I can play the piano. (肯定陈述句)I can’t play the piano. (否定陈述句)Can you play the piano (一般疑问句)行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. (肯定陈述句)They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.(否定陈述句)Do they want to eat any tomatoes (一般疑问句)Gina has a nice watch. (肯定陈述句)Gina doesn’t have a watch. (否定陈述句)Does Gina have a nice watch (一般疑问句)2、现在进行时: 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb. + be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball. (肯定陈述句) Nancy is writing a letter.I’m not playing baseball. (否定陈述句) Nancy isn’t writing a letter.Are you playing baseball (一般疑问句) Is Nancy writing a letter They’re listening to the pop music.They aren’t listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music 1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配 add…to 加到……上 agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问 begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信 break into 闯入 break off 打断 break out 爆发 bring down 降低 bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养 build up 建起 burn down 烧光 call back 回电话 call for 要求约请 call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问 care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展 carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐 clear up 整理,收拾 come about 发生,产生 come across (偶然)遇见 come out 出来 come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较 compare to 比作 cut off 切断 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 献于 die out 灭亡 divide up 分配 dream of 梦想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于 get through 通过 give in 让步,屈服 give out 分发 give up 放弃 go abroad 出国 go against 反对 go on with 继续 go through 浏览 grow up 生长 hand down 传下来 hear about 听说 hold out 伸出 join up 连接起来 keep off 让开,不接近 keep on 继续 lead to 导致 live on 靠……为生 look down upon 看不起 look forward to 盼望 look into 调查 look out 当心 look(a) round 仔细查看 set off 动身 set up 建立 show off 炫耀 shut up 住口 speed up 加速 stand for 代表,象征 stick to 坚持 suffer from 遭受 talk of 谈论 think of 考虑,想起 try out 试验 turn down 调低 turn off 关掉 worry about 担心2.介词成语 1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语: at: at a stretch 一连,连续地 at a time 一次,每次 at ease 稍息,安心 at first sight 一见(钟情) at first 最初,开始时 at heart 在内心 at home 在家,随便 at last 最后 at least 至少 at length 最后,详细地 at most 至多 at once 立即,同时 at peace(war) 处于和平(战争)状态 at play (work) 在玩耍(工作) at present 现在,目前 at random 随意地,胡乱地 at the risk of 冒…的风险 at the same time (与此)同时 at the start 一开头 at the time 此刻,这时 at times 有时候 at will 任意地 by: by accident 偶然 by air 航空 by all means 想一切办法 by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等) by chance 偶然 by cheque 用支票 by choice 出于自愿 by daylight 在大白天 by day(night) 白天(夜间) by force 靠武力 by mistake 错误地,误把… by turns 轮流 by surprise 突然,出其不意 by the way 顺便说一句 in: in a sense 从某种意义上说 in addition(to) 此外(除…之外) in advance 事前 in all 总共 in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正 in brief 简而言之 in case 要是,如果 in case of 在…情况下 in comparison 比较起来 in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债 in demand 有需求 in detail 详细地 in fact 实际上 in general 一般说来 in one’s opinion 在(某人)看来 in order to (that) 以便,为了 in other words 换句话说 in part(s) 部分地 in person 亲自 in practice 实际上 in public(private) 公开(私下)地 in regard to 关于 in short 总之 in the end 最后 in the middle of 在…中间 in time 及时地,经过一段时间 in vain 白白地,没有结果 on: on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表(某人) on board 在船(飞机)上 on condition 在…条件下 on duty 值班 on fire 着火 on foot 步行 on guard 有警惕,值班 on hand 在身边 on holiday 在休假 on purpose 故意地 on sale 在出售 on strike 罢工 on the contrary 相反 on the way 在路上 on time 准时 on the top of 在…上面 on the run 正在逃窜 out of: out of action 失灵 out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 out of doors 在户外 out of fashion 不时新 out of hand 失去控制 out of order 坏了 out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of sight 看不见 out of temper 发脾气 out of question 不可能 out of touch (with) 和…失去联系 out of tune 走调 out of use 不再使用 out of work 失业 2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语: day after day 日复一日地 year after year 年复一年 one after another 一个接一个地 one by one 一个接一个 little by little 一点一点地 side by side 并肩 step by step 一步步地 face to face 面对面 arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand 手牵手地 day to day 日常的 day by day 一天一天地 day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorrow 后天 heart to heart 互相交心的 3)还有一些成语包含两个介词: from beginning to end 从头至尾 from bad to worse 越来越糟 from time to time 不时地 from head to foot 浑身 from morning to night 从早到晚 from start to finish 从头至尾 from door to door 挨门挨户地 from place to place 到各地from generation to generation 一代一代地from cover to cover (书面) 全部地,从头至尾 4)此外,“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语: be found of 喜欢 be full of 充满 be interested in 对…有兴趣 be keen on 热衷于 be confident in 对…有信心 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌恶 be proud of 对…感到骄傲 be loyal to 对…忠诚 be ashamed of 为…感到羞耻 be worried about 为…担心 be aware of 意识到 be busy with 忙于(某事) be different from 和…不同 be famous for 因…而出名 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览