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2023学年牛津上海版英语八年级第二学期U1重点知识点整理及练习
1. They’re the biggest and oldest living things on the Earth. 它们是地球上最大、最古老的生物。
on the Earth意为“在地球上；在世间”，有时用在最高级后，加强含义，相当于in the world。on earth意为“究竟；到底”，用于疑问词后，以加强语气，也可以用在否定词后，加强否定语气，相当于at all的用法。如：
All life on the Earth depends on the Sun. 地球上的一切生命都依靠太阳。
What on earth do you want to do 你究竟想做什么？
2. They make streets more beautiful and less noisy, but what else can they do 它们能美化街道，降低噪音，但除此之外它们还能做什么呢？
else意为“别的；其他的”。通常用于不定代词(someone, anyone, anything等)和疑问词(who, what, where, how, why等)之后。如：
Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。
Who else is from New York 还有谁是从纽约来的？
3. I suppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air. 我猜你也喜欢呼吸干净、清新的空气。
suppose意为“假定；猜想”，后面接不定式、形容词或介词短语的复合宾语以及that从句。suppose 的宾语从句若是否定式，要“否定转移”，即将否定词移至主句。如：
I suppose him to be over thirty. 我猜他有30多岁了。
They supposed him busy yesterday. 他们认为他昨天很忙。
I don’t suppose you can carry the box. 我觉得你搬不动这个箱子。
4. They take harmful gases from the air, and release oxygen back into the air. 它们（树）从空气中吸收有害气体，并向空气中释放氧气。
release作动词，意为“释放；解放”，常与into 和from搭配，release ... into ...意为“向……释放……”，release ... from ... 意为“从……释放出……”。如：
They released harmful gases into the room. 他们向房间里释放有毒气体。
I released the bird from the cage and it flew away. 我从笼子中放了这只鸟，它飞走了。
5. Trees cool the air as well as clean it. 树木不仅能净化空气，更能使空气降温。
as well as 为并列连词，意为“不仅……而且……”，可用于连接两个并列成分，可连接并列主语、谓语、宾语等。使用时，侧重强调as well as 前的内容，所以翻译时常先译as well as 后的内容。该词组意思同not only ... but also ... 一样，但在not only ... but also ...中侧重强调but also 后的内容，翻译成汉语时要先翻译not only 后的内容。
6. The trees can then protect themselves by producing a chemical that makes their leaves taste nasty. 树木能够通过产生一种使树叶难吃的化学物质来保护自己。
(1) protect作动词，意为“保护”，常用的搭配有：protect ... by ... 意为“通过……来保护……”；protect ... from / against ... 意为“保护……不受……伤害”。如：
We should try our best to protect children from danger． 我们应该尽力保护儿童免受危害。
(2) chemical作名词时，意为“化学物质，化学药品，化学制品”；它还可用作形容词，意为“化学的，化学上用的，用化学方法得到的”。如：
This chemical has a wide range of industrial uses. 这种化学药品在工业上用途广泛。
He probably did not mind the chemical smell. 可能他不反对化学的味。
7. Trees are communicating with one another, but we don’t know how. 树木互相之间有交流，但是我们不知道它们是怎样交流的。
communicate with ... 意为“和……交流”。 如：
Love is the best way to communicate with children. 爱是与孩子沟通的最好的方式。
8. Are trees in danger 树木处于危险中吗？
in danger 意为“处于危险之中”，是相对主语自身而言的。 dangerous 意为“危险的”，指主语对某人或某物构成危险。如：
The poor boy is in danger. 那个可怜的男孩儿处于危险中。
The tiger is a dangerous animal. 老虎是一种很危险的动物。
9. We cut down and burn millions every year, but we replace hardly any of them. 我们每年砍伐、烧毁上百万棵树，但是几乎没有重新种植一棵。
(1) hardly作副词，意为“几乎不”，本身有否定的意思，用于反意疑问句时，逗号后的简短问句用肯定形式。hardly常与 any, anybody, anything, anywhere或ever搭配。hardly any相当于almost none。如：
I hardly know who they are. 我几乎不知道他们是谁。
(2) hard 可作形容词，意为“困难的；硬的”；也可作副词，意为“努力地”。如：
This is hard work. 这是一项艰苦的工作。
Exercise1:
I. Choose the best answer:
( ) 1. Look!The students _________ trees on the hill now.
A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted
( ) 2. Mum couldn’t find any help and had to do the housework _________.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
( ) 3. Trees provide people _________ many useful things such as fruit and wood.
A. for B. with C. in D. to
( ) 4. The sign of the warning warns us _________ the bridge which is being repaired.
A. pass B. to pass C. not pass D. not to pass
( ) 5. There’s sugar in my milk. It tastes _________.
A. sweet B. sweetly C. nicely D. well
( ) 6. In the supermarket, people usually spend _________ time finding things, but they usually spend more money than they want.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. few
( ) 7. Farmers in some areas can hardly get any pure water in nature. The underlined word means “_________”.
A. sweet B. mixed C. dirty D. clean
( ) 8. Tony _________ his homework now. He usually _________ his homework before supper.
A. does; finishes B. does; is finishing C. is doing; finishes D. is doing; is finishing
II. Rewrite the following sentences as required:
1. Both Jane and Jack have been to Beijing. （改为否定句）
_________ Jane nor Jack _________ been to Beijing.
2. France will host the 2024 Olympic Games. （改为反意疑问句）
France will host the 2024 Olympic Games, _________ _________
3. The old lady has kept this vase since last year. （对划线部分提问）
_________ _________ has the old lady kept this vase
4. Mr White wondered where he could buy a map of Shanghai. （改为简单句）
Mr White wondered _________ _________ buy a map of Shanghai.
5. in the river, warned, him, they, against, swimming （连词成句）
______________________________________________________.
III. Choose the proper words to complete the following passae. Each can be used only once （用方框中的单词完成短文，每个单词或短语限填一次）:
A. provide B. producing C. noise D. prevent E. much F. leaves G. death
What can trees do
Trees keep our air fresh by absorbing carbon dioxide and ___1___ oxygen. In one year, an acre of trees can absorb as ___2___ carbon dioxide as is produced by a car driven up to 8,700 miles.
Trees lower air temperature by evaporating (蒸发) water in their ___3___.
The average tree in large cities survives only about 8 years!
Trees cut down ___4___ pollution by acting as sound barriers.
Tree roots stabilize (使稳固) the soil and
___5___ the loss of both the soil and the water.
Trees improve water quality by slowing rain water.
Trees provide food and shade for wildlife, too.
The ___6___ of one 70-year-old tree would return over three tons of carbon to the atmosphere.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________5. _________ 6. _________
Exercise 2
I. Choose the best answer:
( ) 1. If we want to communicate _________ foreigners, we must learn English well.
A. on B. with C. about D. to
( ) 2. It’s 11:40, but my mother _________ still _________ TV.
A. /, watches B. has, watched C. was, watching D. is, watching
( ) 3. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen （联合国哥本哈根气候变化大会）, the leaders from different countries discussed how to _________ the emission and save energy.
A. reduce B. repeat C. refuse D. reply
( ) 4. Books give us knowledge and make us _________ happy.
A. feeling B. feel C. to feel D. feels
( ) 5. The old couple enjoy _________ a walk in the neighbourhood after dinner.
A. having B. have C. to have D. has
( ) 6. Betty and John have come back, but _________ students in the class aren’t here yet.
A. the other B. others C. another D. the others
( ) 7. I am very sorry that we can’t replace your broken public transportation card here. The underlined word means “_________”.
A. take place B. take the place of C. instead of D. return
( ) 8. The room is _________ for us to read books because there is _________.
A. enough bright, enough light B. enough bright, light enough
C. bright enough, enough light D. bright enough, light enough
plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms:
1. Let everyone know the importance of _________ trees. (protect)
2. Fires were _________ all over the city. (burn)
3. What he said _________ our last hope. (destroy)
4. Tom as well as his parents _________ going to London. (be)
5. The _________ reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. (mainly)
III. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:
Forests have always been useful and important to men who make use of them in many ways. Every day trees are serving men everywhere. Trees supply men with fruit and building
m___1___ in the form of wood. Without trees it would be impossible to build houses, boats, bridges and so on. F___2___ such as desks, chairs and beds is made of wood. Trees can stop men from terrible heat. They’re also useful in p___3___ good and rich top soil from being washed away during heavy rains.
If there were no trees, heavy rains would wash away the rich surface soil that is so i___4___ to plants and the land would become a desert. There are plenty of desert areas in the world. A long time ago these desert areas used to be very r___5___ areas, but men in the past didn’t have enough knowledge about science of nature. They c___6___ down too many trees in the area where they lived and never planted new ones. By and by the surface soil was blown and washed away by strong w___7___ and heavy rains. In the end the land changed into useless deserts where nothing could grow.
1. _______ 2. ______ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________ 7. _________
IV. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage:
Emma was a good girl. She lived in a very big house which had three floors, five bedrooms, two bathrooms and one kitchen. Emma loved to play with her dolls as if she were a doctor. She was very kind, patient, and loving. It would be proper for her to be a doctor.
One day, her teacher asked the students to write an essay (短文) and ___1___ it in class about what they wanted to be when they grew up and why.
Emma thought about being a sweet seller, who would go out of her house to sell ___2___. But she did not like it at all, because it was so tiring and it was too hot outside.
She was tired of thinking, so she went to bed and dreamed she was a doctor. When she ___3___, she knew she want to be a doctor.
The next day, she told the teacher that she wanted to be a doctor because she liked talking with patients and making them ___4___. The teacher said to her, “A career as a doctor is a challenging path! To become a doctor, you need to study hard, through many years of higher education and training.”
Emma’s mum told her that she would have prizes if she studied hard, like hugs, kisses and many other things. Emma made a ___5___ to study hard from then on.
When she was twenty-eight years old, Emma became a doctor. Her parents were very proud of her. She had been a___6___ girl every day, studies day and night, and got hugs and kisses from her parents.
( ) 1. A. copy B. perform C. explain D. celebrate
( ) 2. A. apples B. books C. toys D. sweets
( ) 3. A. woke up B. gave up C. took up D. stayed up
( ) 4. A. crazy B. sorry C. sleepy D. healthy
( ) 5. A. dairy B. decision C. friend D. website
( ) 6. A. outgoing B. creative C. hard-working D. similar
KEYS:
Exercise1:
I. CDBD ABDC
II. 1. Neither, has 2. won’t it 3. How long 4. where to 5. They warned him against swimming in the river.
III. 1—6 BEFCDG
Exercise2
I. BDAB AABC
II. 1. protecting 2. burning 3. destroyed 4. is 5. main
III. 1. materials 2. Furniture 3. preventing 4. important 5. rich 6. cut 7. winds
IV. CDADBC

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