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专题一　语法填空—有提示词（动词的时态和语态）
第一节　动词的时态和语态
真 题 回 溯
情境填空
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1. (2023全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【解析】　be employed　考查动词的语态。句意：卡森证明了一种世代流传下来的简单的文学形式在今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
2. (2023全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
【解析】　was amazed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我参观过几次，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产。根据下文中was able to可知，用一般过去时；根据介词by可知，主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，要用被动语态。故填was amazed。
3. (2023全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【解析】　means　考查动词的时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，它有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以拍摄未来50年的北京。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，此处陈述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，且此处的主语中心词是development，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
4. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【解析】　wished　考查动词的时态。根据下文的grew可知，用一般过去时。故填wished。
5. (2022全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
【解析】　has walked　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
6. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected.
【解析】　were　考查动词的时态。根据previously可知，用一般过去时；且从句主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填were。
7. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解析】　was fixing　考查动词的时态。句意：亨利正在修车时，突然听到了尖叫声。be doing sth. when...表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”。再根据heard可知，用过去进行时；且主语Henry为第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
8. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解析】　threw　考查动词的时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，甩开膀子跑了起来。根据后面的and started可知，用一般过去时。故填threw。
9. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【解析】　was　考查动词的时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头放在适当的位置上有多难。根据时间状语 then 可知用一般过去时；且主语为it。故填was。
10. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)．
【解析】　was built　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。句子主语It与动词build之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；且城墙是在过去修建的，要用一般过去时。故填was built。
11. (2020新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
【解析】　formed　考查动词的时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心收藏。根据时间状语in 1759可知，用一般过去时，故填formed。
12. (2020新高考Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.
【解析】　are called　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时；且主语与call之间是被动关系，用被动语态；主语中心词parts是复数。故填are called。
13. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)．”
【解析】　means; is constructed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说，“这真的使科学家们激动，因为它意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构造的信息。” 第一空：根据上文的This really excites scientists可知，此处也用一般现在时；且主语是it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填means。第二空：此处主语the moon与动词construct之间构成被动关系，用被动语态；再根据上下文可知，此处用一般现在时；且主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
14. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
【解析】　be chosen　考查动词的语态。主语he与动词choose之间构成被动关系，用被动语态；且would后接动词原形。故填be chosen。
15. (2019全国Ⅱ卷)Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years.”
【解析】　have made　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语over the years可知，用现在完成时。故填have made。
重 难 突 破
一、动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态是高考语法填空中的必考点。
考点1　一般时　★★★★★
1. 一般现在时
(1) 表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的时间状语，如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等连用。
I leave home for school at 6：30 every morning.
每天早上我六点半离开家去上学。
(2) 表示客观事实、真理、格言或警句等。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
上海位于中国东部。
(3) 表示按照时间表、计划安排或规定，只限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示动作趋向性的词。
The plane takes off at 5：00 a．m.
飞机早上5点起飞。
(4) 在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们将只好待在家里。
2. 一般过去时
(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, the other day等连用。
I had a long conversation with her the other day. 前几天我与她做了一次长谈。
(2) 在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained.
他说如果下雨，他不会去的。
(3) 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常用and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment等连接。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
她一进来就告诉我她身上发生的事情。
　It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【解析】　句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，那时天正下着小雨。根据was raining可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填arrived。
3. 一般将来时
(1) 表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示一般将来时的其他结构。
① be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或有预兆要发生某事。
② be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将要做某事或按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。
③ be (just) about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。
　If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we _________ (wait) for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.
【解析】　根据语境可知，此处表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作，故谓语动词用一般将来时，即“will＋动词原形”。故填will wait。
4. 过去将来时
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The shops would close soon, and all the people would go home.
店铺将很快关门，所有人也将回家。
　In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there (appreciate)．
【解析】　根据asked和thought可知，此处表示在过去的时间点设想将来发生的事，故用过去将来时。故填would appreciate。
考点2　进行时　 ★★★
1. 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作、存在的状态或表示现阶段(at present, this week等)正在进行的动作、存在的状态(说话时动作不一定正在进行或存在)。
I am writing a long novel these days.
我这些天在写一本长篇小说。
(2) 一些表示趋向性的短暂性动词如come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。
(3) 现在(过去)进行时与always, constantly, often, forever, continually等副词连用表示说话者带有赞叹、厌烦、不满等感彩。
The girl is always talking aloud in public.
这个女孩总是在公众场合大声喧哗。
　I (write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
【解析】　此处表示现在正在写信，用现在进行时。故填am writing。
2. 过去进行时
(1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was cooking supper this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭。
(2) 表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.
她正在看电视，这时一名窃贼破门而入。
(3) 某些表示趋向性的动词如come, go, leave, start, arrive等用过去进行时表示在过去将要发生的动作。
Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.
昨天他说他要动身去加拿大。
　My mother 　was cooking　(cook) supper in the kitchen when the doorbell rang.
3. 将来进行时
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作或按计划、安排、决定预计将要发生的事情。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等连用。
This time next week I'll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
下星期的这个时候我将正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。
　—Could I use your car tomorrow morning
—Sure. I (write) a report at home.
【解析】　根据题干中的关键词tomorrow morning以及句意可知，此处表示“明天早上我将在家中写报告”，故用将来进行时。故填will be writing。
考点3　完成时　 ★★★★
1. 现在完成时
(1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。常与already, so far, never, just, before, recently等连用。
I've only read a little of the book so far. 这本书我才读了一小部分。
(2) 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并可能还会持续下去。常与since, for, so far, now, today, this week/month/year, for a long time, these days等连用。
【点津】 现在完成时常用句型
① It is/has been＋时间段＋since...
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
我已经大学毕业十年了。
② This/That/It is the first/second/best time that＋现在完成时
This/That/It is the only...that＋现在完成时
　In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
【解析】　句意：在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据In the last few years可知，此处用现在完成时。故填has made。
2. 过去完成时
(1) 表示在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”。常与by, before等介词(短语)或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
She had left before I could say a word.
我还没来得及说话她就走开了。
(2) 表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图等，常用had hoped/wished/expected/ supposed等。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
我们本来预料的是你能赢得这场比赛的。
【点津】 过去完成时常用句型
① This/That/It was the first/second/third time that＋过去完成时
This was the first time that I had been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
② hardly/scarcely/barely＋过去完成时＋when＋一般过去时
Hardly had the match started when we arrived.
我们一到场，比赛就开始了。
③ no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋一般过去时
No sooner had he arrived in Rome than he began to work.
他一到罗马就开始工作了。
　Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _________ (expect)．
【解析】　根据was可知，“预料”的动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had expected。
考点4　完成进行时　★★★
现在完成进行时
(1) 表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在并且可能会继续进行下去的动作。
(全国Ⅰ卷)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
这些天来孩子们一直在寻找我们能帮助的人。
(2) 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作，常带有感彩。
I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer.
今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但一直没有人接。
考点5　被动语态　★★★★
1. 不能用被动语态的特殊动词
(1) 所有的不及物动词(短语)，如happen, disappear, fail, die, come true等。
(2) 表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。
(3) 表示希望、意图的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love等。
2. 主动形式表示被动意义
(1) 表示主语某种属性特征的动词，如wash, write, cut, lock, open, play, keep等。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
(2) 感官动词和连系动词(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, grow, become, stay等)＋形容词/名词。
The dish tastes good. 这道菜味道不错。
(3) 当want, need意为“需要”时，后可接doing，用主动形式表被动含义。
The plants want watering daily.
这些花草需要天天浇水。
(4) be worth后接doing作宾语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
(5) 在“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，to do用主动形式表被动含义。
The maths problem is hard to work out.
这道数学题很难做。
二、如何判定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
在历年高考语法填空中，都会考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。遇到这类题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词在句中是作谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
1. 如果句中找不到谓语动词，则所给动词作谓语
(1) 一个句子必须有谓语，若空格所在句无其他动词，那么此空就填谓语动词。这时要考虑时态、语态及主谓一致等。
(2) 若句中找到了谓语动词，但找不到连词(并列连词或从属连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。这时要确定是-ing形式、-ed形式还是不定式。
　China's image is improving steadily, with more countries _________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
【解析】　句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处是with复合结构，more countries和recognize之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填recognizing。
2. 通过易混对比分析，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
(请先在空白处填入所给单词的正确形式，然后再参考答案与解析，体会谓语动词和非谓语动词的差异)
题组1：
① He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
② He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
【解析】　两句的差别是有无and。分析句子结构可知，①句空格处为现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填donating；②句空格处与volunteered并列作谓语，故填donated。
题组2：
① (call) me tomorrow and I will let you know the lab result.
② (call) me tomorrow, I will let you know the lab result.
【解析】　两句的差别是有无and。分析句子结构可知，①句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，故填Call；②句为现在分词短语作条件状语，故填Calling。
题组3：
① The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
② The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
【解析】　两句的差别在于有无so。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作原因状语，故填leading；②句中so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词的时态应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词保持一致，故填led。
题组4：
① The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
② The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
【解析】　两句的差别在于有无if。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作条件状语，故填permitting；②句是if引导的条件状语从句，故填permits。
题组5：
① Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it.
② Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it.
③ Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.
【解析】　三句的差别是有无连词或介词。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接两个并列句，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was fixed；②句为with复合结构，且空格处与all his attention之间为被动关系，故填fixed；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填fixing。
题组6：
① He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.
② They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.
【解析】　①句为and连接的三个并列谓语动词，故填sat；②句为and连接两个伴随状语，故填talking。
巩固练习：
题组1　
1. (2023浙江1月高考卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the centre was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the centre of the circles.
【解析】　were permitted　考查动词的时态和语态。动词permit和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系；再根据时间状语In the Ming Dynasty可知，用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
2. Li, born in 1990, (live) with her grandparents in Mianyang, Sichuan, since the age of 6 after her father died.
【解析】　has lived/has been living　考查动词的时态。句意：李出生于1990年，父亲去世后，从6岁起，一直与祖父母住在四川绵阳。根据句中的since the age of 6可知，应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。故填has lived/has been living。
3. (2022浙江1月高考卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists— (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【解析】　have promised　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since the effort started two years ago可知，主句应用现在完成时，且主语200 academics是复数。故填have promised。
4. The name Tianwen, borrowed from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu(475 BC—223 BC), (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”．
【解析】　means　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语the name是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
5. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds (hold) everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather.
【解析】　have been held　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自古以来，各地都有各种各样的节日和庆祝活动。大多数古老的节日都会庆祝寒冷天气的结束。句中主语Festivals and celebrations of all kinds与谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；且根据下文的since ancient times可知，应用现在完成时。故填have been held。
6. This morning, I received a heart-warming post on Instagram from a friend who I (give) a blue and white spotted breastpin before.
【解析】　had given　考查动词的时态。句意：今天早上，我在Instagram上收到了一个朋友发来的温暖人心的帖子，我之前送过这个朋友一个蓝白相间的胸针。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时，故填had given。
7. For some reason I (stay) with relatives currently, and in their living room sits a piano which is my favourite musical instrument.
【解析】　am staying　考查动词的时态。根据下文的currently可知，强调目前的状态，应用现在进行时；主语为I，故填am staying。
8. Healthy environment not only keeps the nature's balance but (help) in growing and developing all the living things on the earth.
【解析】　helps　考查动词的时态。本句由not only...but (also)连接两个谓语动词，根据上文的keeps可知，此处也要用一般现在时，故填helps。
9. On the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, a year is divided into 24 solar terms. The solar terms (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production.
【解析】　were created　考查动词的时态和语态。根据下文的thousands of years ago可知，应用一般过去时；且主语The solar terms与谓语动词之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为The solar terms，谓语动词用复数，故填were created。
10. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea (export) to Europe.
【解析】　was exported　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态；且根据上文的In the early period of the 17th century可知，应用一般过去时；主语Chinese tea为不可数名词，故填was exported。
11. As you go through this book, you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
【解析】　will find　考查动词的时态。句意：当你读这本书时，你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有着不同的经历。在as引导的时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时表将来，故填will find。
12. Jerry stared out of the window, worried. He had been studying hard and his exam (be) about to start.
【解析】　was　考查动词的时态。根据上文可知，此处描写过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。be about to do sth.表示“即将做某事”。故填was。
13. China, which (recognize) widely as the hometown of tea, gains a big reputation of tea planting, strict tea etiquette(礼节) and unique tea drinking habits.
【解析】　is recognized　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国是世界上公认的“茶叶之乡”，在种植茶叶、严格的茶道、独特的饮茶习惯等方面享有盛誉。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词China；recognize与China之间是被动关系，且表达客观事实，要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is recognized。
14. But the dog, after sniffing around for a bit, (lie) down and began to complain about how difficult it was to find one bone in such a big field.
【解析】　lay　考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列成分，根据后面的began可知，此处也用一般过去时；lie意为“躺”时，其过去式为lay。故填lay。
15. It's required that at least one football class (offer) each week in these schools so that they can encourage their students to actively participate in football training and matches.
【解析】　(should) be offered　考查动词的语态。在“It's required that...”句型中，that引导的从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”结构，should可以省略；one football class与谓语动词offer是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填(should) be offered。
题组2　
A
(2023江苏南通适应性考试)Xiaoxihu block, once a run-down area in Nanjing, housed 810 families in an area of 46,900 square metres. Life there was 1 (convenient) due to narrow roads, old buildings with no kitchen and bathroom, and poor access to public services 2 water, gas, electricity, and Internet.
However, with a history of over 600 years, the Xiaoxihu neighbourhood had abundant historical remains, and many residents were 3 (extreme) attached to their ancestral houses and the memories of several generations.
After several rounds of surveys and 4 (consult), the local government adopted a new approach to improve living conditions while 5 (preserve) the historical elements. In 2019, the renovation project broke ground.
The developer first improved water, electricity, Internet, and gas access with a utility tunnel that fits the narrow roads. The residents 6 (give) options of remaining in their homes or moving elsewhere. Those who chose to leave could rent their old houses to the construction company for commercial purposes after renovation, 7 those who stayed would be offered a specialized renovation plan 8 (base) on the house's practical conditions, usually including adding a kitchen and a bathroom.
With more empty rooms and space, coffee shops, restaurants, and other kinds of businesses have opened up. To date, 402 households still live in the community, but their lives have become much more comfortable. A cultural square 9 stage is shaped like a semi-circle has been built, and the neighbourhood 10 (become) more organized and attractive.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了南京的棚户区——小西湖街区的改造项目。由于得到了改造，该街区发生了很大的变化。
【解析】
1. inconvenient　考查形容词。根据下文中“due to narrow roads, old buildings with no kitchen and bathroom, and poor access to public services”可知，那里的条件比较差，生活很不方便。故填inconvenient。
2. like　考查介词。上文提到了public services，下文的“water, gas, electricity, and Internet”是具体列举，故填like。
3. extremely　考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词attached，作状语。故填extremely。
4. consultation/consultations　考查名词。根据并列连词and前面的surveys可知，此处应用名词。名词consultation既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词。故填consultation(s)。
5. preserving　考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略结构，动词preserve和主句主语the local government之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填preserving。
6. were given　考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文可知，本句用一般过去时；且主语the residents和动词give之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were given。
7. while/and　考查连词。空格前的Those who chose to leave...和空格后的those who stayed ...之间为并列关系，用and；也可以理解为两种情况作对比，用while。故填and/while。
8. based　考查非谓语动词。base和plan之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
9. whose　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词a cultural square和从句中的stage之间为所属关系，应用whose引导。故填whose。
10. has become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上一句时态可知，本句用现在完成时；主语the neighbourhood是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has become。
B
(2023广东部分学校联考)Who owns the English language The answer is no longer “the British”. According to the latest figures, English 11 (speak) by about 1.75 billion people worldwide.
In Oxford University Press's Gift of Words campaign, people speaking more than one language were asked to “gift” a word from their first to their second language, and vice versa(反之亦然). The responses highlight even 12 (many) words that multilingual(多种语言的) English speakers felt they had to borrow from their other languages for lack of the same thing in English.
While many value 13 (pure) over diversity in language, calling borrowed words “gifts” is 14 important way of expression and the borrowing of words is part of the natural evolution of all living languages.
Contrary 15 popular belief, it is multilingualism rather than monolingualism(单一语言制) that is the norm, with various reports 16 (estimate) that between 60% and 75% of the global population can speak more than one language. And in such a multilingual, digitally interconnected world, 17 more and more people are brought together by 18 (share) interests and goals, the interchange of words between languages and cultures has accelerated.
Changing our attitudes towards language variation is vital to fight the linguistic prejudice that causes people 19 (discriminate) against for not using the “right” words or for speaking in the “wrong” accent. Only when we share ownership of English and embrace the language in all its diversity can it 20 (true) be a gift that everyone can benefit from.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对语言多样性的看法。
【解析】
11. is spoken　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：根据最新数据，全世界大约有17.5亿人说英语。English与speak构成被动关系，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为English，谓语用单数。故填is spoken。
12. more　考查比较级。句意：这些回答突出地反映了，由于英语中缺乏对应的词汇，这些会说多种语言的人不得不从其他语言中借用词汇的情况要多于他们将英语词汇输出到其他语言的情况。even用以加强比较，后常接比较级。故填more。
13. purity　考查名词。此处用名词作动词value的宾语。故填purity。
14. an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个重要的方式”，且important的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
15. to　考查介词。contrary to意为“与……相反”。故填to。
16. estimating　考查非谓语动词。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，且reports与estimate构成主动关系，故填estimating。
17. where　考查定语从句。先行词是world，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导非限制性定语从句。
18. shared　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“共同的兴趣和目标”，用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
19. to be discriminated　考查非谓语动词。cause sb. to do sth.表示“导致某人做某事”，且people与discriminate构成被动关系，故填to be discriminated。
20. truly　考查副词。句意：只有当我们共同拥有英语，并接受这门语言的多样性时，它才能真正成为每个人都能从中受益的礼物。此处用副词truly修饰动词be。故填truly。
C
(2023山东德州三模)Harmonious, elegant and emotional, these romantic features make Kunqu Opera one of the most loved art forms in China.
Born in Suzhou, East China's Jiangsu Province, Kunqu Opera distinguished 21 (it) by the superb techniques of its rhythmic patterns and 22 (become) widely popular during the Ming Dynasty. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in Ming and Qing dynasties, opera tours often gathered in Suzhou, 23 (stage) theatrical performances in ancient China.
Combining songs performed in the Suzhou dialect, 24 (grace) body movements, martial arts and dance, Kunqu Opera uses a 25 (vary) of movements to express specific emotions. It also pays careful attention to each detail. Wonderful movements enliven the fingertips and unique 26 (tune) produce a rich and poetic world.
Kunqu Opera had a dominant influence on many forms of opera in China thereafter, including Peking Opera, 27 is about 200 years old. It is hence known 28 the mother of all Chinese operas.
As a typical example of Chinese culture, stories performed in Kunqu Opera have transcended time and space. The Peony Pavilion, 29 (write) by playwright Tang Xianzu, who is often compared to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
A living heritage is 30 endless dialogue between the present and the past, and Kunqu Opera is a carrier to pass that legacy on.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于昆曲的一些知识，包括它的起源、发展以及对中国戏曲形式产生的影响等。
【解析】
21. itself　考查反身代词。句意：昆曲诞生于中国东部江苏省苏州市，以其精致的韵律模式而著称，并在明代广受欢迎。动词distinguished的主语和宾语都是昆曲，故用反身代词itself。
22. became　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语during the Ming Dynasty可知，用一般过去时。故填became。
23. staging　考查非谓语动词。stage作动词时，意为“上演，举办”，且stage和opera tours之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填staging。
24. graceful　考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语body movements。故填graceful。
25. variety　考查固定搭配。a variety of意为“各种各样的……”。故填variety。
26. tunes　考查名词单复数。根据空后的谓语动词produce可知，主语用复数形式，且tune(曲调)为可数名词。故填tunes。
27. which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Peking Opera，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
28. as　考查介词。句意：因此它被认为是中国所有戏曲之母。be known as意为“被认为是”。故填as。
29. written　考查非谓语动词。句意：由经常被比作莎士比亚的剧作家汤显祖创作的《牡丹亭》，至今仍受到世界各地曲迷的喜爱。write与其逻辑主语The Peony Pavilion之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填written。
30. an　考查冠词。句意：活的遗产就像现在与过去的无尽对话，昆曲是传承遗产的载体。dialogue为可数名词，表示泛指，且endless的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
D
(2023江苏扬州考前调研)As China's coffee and tea markets are both developing quickly, new-style, tea-based drinks have become a new trend for young people. One such product is mixing traditional Chinese tea with coffee, which 31 (be) a popular refreshment option in Hong Kong for long.
To follow the market, tea chains including Hey Tea, CoCo and Chabaidao, are continuously launching new products 32 (feature) Chinese tea or other Chinese cultural elements. During the 2023 Spring Festival holiday, these tea chains all 33 (see) increased sales.
For young customers, new tea products have become a window through 34 they can understand and learn about traditional tea culture. They may also develop an interest in traditional tea drinking, especially because young people are now having a preference 35 a healthier lifestyle: less sugar and lower calories.
Shen Dongmei, a researcher focused on tea culture, says, “Coffee drinking is more about office culture, while tea drinking suits a 36 (great) number of occasions.” She notes that it's suitable for both personal and group 37 (consume), and can be drunk quickly 38 enjoyed for a whole afternoon.
“Tea has more cultural features. Young people enjoying new tea drinks is 39 reflection of cultural confidence，” she says. Experts also suggest that tea chains adopt a new direction in traditional tea drinking 40 (satisfy) the diverse needs of younger customers.
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型的茶饮料已经成为年轻人中的新潮流。
【解析】
31. has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for long可知，用现在完成时；which指代mixing traditional Chinese tea with coffee，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been。
32. featuring　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，且无连词，此处用非谓语动词形式；且名词products与feature之间为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。
33. saw　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语During the 2023 Spring Festival holiday可知，用一般过去时。故填saw。
34. which　考查定语从句。句意：对于年轻顾客来说，新的茶叶产品已经成为他们了解和学习传统茶文化的窗口。先行词为window，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作介词through的宾语，故用关系代词which。
35. for　考查介词。句意：他们也可能对传统的饮茶产生兴趣，特别是因为年轻人现在更喜欢更健康的生活方式：少糖、低热量。have a preference for喜欢。故填for。
36. greater　考查比较级。根据Coffee drinking is more about office culture可知，此处表示喝茶适合更多的场合，用形容词的比较级形式。故填greater。
37. consumption　考查名词。句意：她指出，这种饮料既适合个人饮用，也适合集体饮用，可以很快喝完，也可以享用一整个下午。personal and group用作定语，修饰后面的名词。故填consumption。
38. or　考查连词。前后句之间为选择关系，故用连词or。
39. a　考查冠词。句意：她说：“茶有更多的文化特征。年轻人喜欢新的茶饮料是文化自信的反映。”名词reflection为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。
40. to satisfy　考查非谓语动词。句意：专家还建议，茶饮连锁店在传统茶饮方面采取新的举措，以满足年轻顾客的多样化需求。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to satisfy。
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