资源简介

阅读理解细节理解题
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例（60%左右），全
国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信 息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我
们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过
语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计 2024 年高考细节理解题仍旧占比 7-8 题。
(
近
3
年新高考细节理解数据分析
)
试卷类型 年份 篇序 体裁 话题 题量
新高考 I 卷 2023 A 应用文 自行车租赁和有导游的城市游 3
B 记叙文 生态设计助力生态系统的自我修复 2
C 说明文 数字机简主义 3
D 说明文 集体商议的智慧 1
新高考 II 卷 2023 A 应用文 黄石国家公园的四项游园活动 3
B 记叙文 学校菜园项目 2
C 说明文 阅读艺术 1
D 说明文 人类与大自然互动 3
新高考 I 卷 2022 A 说明文 文学概论课程评分原则 2
B 议论文 不要浪费食物 3
C 说明文 让养老院的老人养鸡 1
D 说明文 语音演变 2
新高考 II 卷 2022 A 应用文 儿童博物馆团体游 3
B 夹叙夹议 孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑 1
C 说明文 使用 Textalyzer 来监控司机 1
D 说明文 锻炼对心脏的好处 2
新高考 I 卷 2021 A 应用文 罗马旅游社介绍 3
B 记叙文 翻乐谱的男子 Robert Titterman 3
C 说明文 保护野生动物和湿地 2
D 议论文 大众化曲解情商本义 1
新高考 II 卷 2021 A 应用文 约克郡夏日活动 3
B 记叙文 照顾两只幼虎 2
C 说明文 推动艺术教育的发展 2
D 议论文 牧牛机器人的研制 3
1.掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案” 的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索
运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解, 间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠 李戴” 的手法来迷惑考生, 即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置,把 A 的观点说成
B 的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面
捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
2.明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用 many,almost all,nearly, more than,
over, only afew,normally 等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以
假乱真。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考 I 卷 B 篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria ( 细 菌 ) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污 泥 ). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1 ．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A ．He was fond of traveling. B ．He enjoyed being alone.
C ．He had an inquiring mind. D ．He longed to be a doctor.
2 ．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A ．To feed the animals. B ．To build an ecosystem.
C ．To protect the plants. D ．To test the eco-machine.
典例二
（2023·新高考 II 卷 B 篇）Turning soil,pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5 ．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A ．She used to be a health worker. B ．She grew up in a low-income family.
C ．She owns a fast food restaurant. D ．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
（建议用时：8 分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏 · 统考模拟预测）A vast majority of people usually argue that cycling can make a significant contribution to our world. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, for instance, only 20% of the everyday short-distance trips are covered by bicycle. When enquiring about the causes, researchers found one point repeatedly tops the list: the perceived or potential risk on the bike routes used. Increasing the share
of cycling trips thus depends crucially on well-developed bike paths.
However, designing efficient bike path networks is a complex task that involves balancing a variety of limitations while meeting overall demand. In addition, many districts are confronted with a shortage of funds available for improving the infrastructure. Researchers propose a new approach to generating efficient bike path networks. This considers demand distribution and the route option of cyclists based on preferences for secure outings. Typically, minimizing the travel distance is far from the solely goal. Aspects such as attractiveness of a
route are also taken into account.
Under real conditions, a bike path network is created by constantly adding bike paths to more streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, complex network, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual process, they gradually remove less used bike path sections from this network. The route selection of cyclists is continuously updated. Thus, a series of bike path networks is created and is always adapted to the current
usage. Each stage of it corresponds to a variant that could be carried out with less financial support.
“We illustrate the applicability of this demand-driven planning for crowded urban areas of Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christoph Steinacker. “We are approaching a real-life issue here using the theoretic
toolbox of network dynamics and compare efficient bike path networks under different conditions.”
1 ．Why do people rarely cycle
A ．They think of cycling as inefficient. B ．They usually take long-distance trips.
C ．They’re concerned about the security. D ．They’re unable to find special bike roads.
2 ．What is a challenge for good bike path networks
A ．Tight budgets. B ．Complex routes.
C ．Maximized travel distance. D ．Decreasing cycling demand.
3 ．What can be learned about the planning put forward by researchers
A ．It will be updated once in a while. B ．It is contrary to the real-life design.
C ．It ensures every street has a bike path. D ．It serves as a model for other districts.
4 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．Good Planning Gets the Bike Rolling B ．A good Network Benefits More People
C ．Cycling Paths Change Crowded Urban Areas D ．A New Concept Contributes to a Better World
2.（2023·浙江温州 · 统考一模）Five-year-old Mustafa is smiling for the first time in ages. She did not receive a
new toy or her favorite candy; rather, she got a wig (假发).
Mustafa had to go through painful procedures after being diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lost her hair after months of chemotherapy (化疗). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrounds and spending hours styling their hair, while she couldn’t. Losing her hair made her
hopeless, negatively impacting her response to treatment,” the girl’s father said.
Coming from a less fortunate family, Mustafa now sits in a humble hairdresser’s in Cairo, sliding her fingers through her new long hair as she looks in the mirror with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed confidence is Salam, from Egypt, who has been personally funding and designing free wigs for children with
cancer to give them power to defeat their illness.
Salam took up his mission when he saw a viral video on social media of a young cancer patient who was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the moment when he decided to provide free wigs to children with cancer to lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely afford expensive cancer treatment costs, let alone costly cosmetic (美 容) services that can play a huge role in restoring children’s confidence and giving them strength to continue their
treatment,” said Salam.
As part of the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements to make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles to serve different children. So far, Salam has helped over 15 children walk out of his
shop empowered with big smiles.
Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it does for his young customers. “Children need the emotional and moral support to go through this tough illness.” He added, “Losing their hair drives them to withdraw into themselves out of fear and embarrassment. I cannot help in their treatment,
but I can help them get through it.”
5 ．Why are a toy and candy mentioned in paragraph 1
A ．To suggest the girl’s age.
B ．To imply a serious illness.
C ．To show the shortage of toys.
D ．To highlight the value of the wig.
6 ．What can be learned from the father’s words
A ．Hair style matters much.
B ．Sports benefit Mustafa.
C ．Hair loss depressed Mustafa.
D ．Mustafa’s treatment failed.
7 ．What led to Salam’s decision on the mission
A ．His sympathy.
B ．Family support.
C ．Govemment fund.
D ．Mustafa’s enthusiasm.
8 ．What kind of person is Salam according to the passage
A ．Cautious and creative. B ．Inspiring and talented.
C ．Caring and determined. D ．Ambitious and patient.
3.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模） The romantic Rhine, which flows more than 700 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea, is one of the most popular cruising(巡游) rivers in Europe, with many options available. Take a look
at things to do in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin or end in Amsterdam. This city is popular among multiple age groups and types of travelers for its relaxing atmosphere. Grab a bicycle and enjoy an afternoon of cafes, art, and historical sites. The Anne Frank House is a popular attraction in Amsterdam. Be sure to check if your river cruise can help
with advance tickets as the lines are consistently long, though.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart of Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Forest, and conjuring up(唤起) visions of princes and princesses, it is an extremely popular tourist attraction. It was in fact one of the inspirations for Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If your Rhine River cruise includes a stop in Munich, there’s a good
chance that visits to Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasbourg
If you’re looking for a classic European country town, this is the stop for you Strasbourg has a typical French feel, with cobblestoned streets, small shops, and of course a cathedral. Be sure to visit picturesque Petite France, the historic quarter of town, and Rohan Palace to walk in the footsteps of Marie Antoinette, the last queen of France
before the French Revolution. Strasbourg is also a delightful place for visit for Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three international borders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating combination of cultures, cuisines, and languages. You can enjoy several wonderful historic sights in Basel, within a
short distance from each other, and don’t miss a walk through the Botanical Gardens
9 ．What do Amsterdam and Strasbourg have in common
A ．They have historical sites.
B ．They have a relaxing French style.
C ．They are home to big shopping malls.
D ．They are famous for the picturesque scenery.
10 ．What might be the reason for Neuschwanstein Castle’s popularity
A ．Its mysterious story. B ．Its favourable location
C ．Its fairytale romance. D ．Its inspiration for films.
11 ．Which stop would you recommend most to those who want to experience diverse cultures
A ．Amsterdam B ．Neuschwanstein Castle.
C ．Strasbourg D ．Basel.
4.（2023·浙江温州 · 统考一模）In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement ( 束 缚 ) and
continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.
The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another
experiment.
Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical
terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error.
Let’s look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants’ performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread — and therefore, much more dangerous — metaphor (比
喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers
had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.
12 ．What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on
A ．Visual perception.
B ．Thinking patterns.
C ．Practical experience.
D ．Theoretical knowledge.
13 ．Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment
A ．To test the catchy concept.
B ．To contradict the initial idea.
C ．To collect supporting evidence
D ．To identify the underlying logic.
14 ．Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment
A ．Groundless. B ．Inspiring. C ．Fruitless. D ．Revealing.
15 ．Which is the best title for the passage
A ．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity
B ．Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea
C ．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test
D ．Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap
5.（2023·浙江宁波 · 统考一模）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez takes down any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself without any disturbance from the driver, and cope with all situations on the road. But this proving hard to achieve, carmakers choose to scale back many attempts to do so.
Last year, for instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sold offits unit developing self-driving cars at a low price.
Autonomous vehicles are boasted as being not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, machines are no exception. The RAND Corporation, an American think-tank, calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet of 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and cover 14 billion kilometres. At average road speeds, that
would take about 400 years.
Carmakers such as Porsche therefore accelerate the development process using simulators ( 模拟器). These teach software about danger only rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”, the programs that generate photo realistic images in computer games, to do this. These are used to create
virtual worlds through which the software can drive.
How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome doubt that a software driver really can be safer than human. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is one other relevant question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they regard as their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software
takes those boasting rights away
16 ．What do the underlined words “scale back” mean in Paragraph 1
A ．Make B ．Overlook. C ．Encourage. D ．Reduce.
17 ．The learning process of autonomous vehicles’ safe driving can be described as .
A．time-consuming B．fast-paced C．thought-provoking D．well-designed
18 ．What challenge do autonomous vehicles bring to Porsche
A ．Ensuring the pleasure of driving B ．Making their sports cars affordable.
C ．Removing public doubts about safety. D ．Integrating game engines into their vehicles.
19 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．Porsche: Sports Cars at Risk B ．Self-driving Cars: Still Some Way to Go
C ．Simulators: The Core of Autonomous Vehicles D ．Machine Learning Algorithms: The Arrival of Al
6. （2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模 ）I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution, Pitzer College, the same question, “What do you look forward to the most in college ” I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I look forward to the possibility of failure.” Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic
futures, but this young man took a risk.
“You see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want to take a chance at something, they remind me it’s not a safe route to take. Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in,
they tell me, will ruin my chances at college admission.”
I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story, but kids all over the world admit they are under great pressure to be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun, she replied: “I thought I wasn’t supposed to tell you that I wouldn’t want you to think I am not serious about my
work!”
Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection. Of course, this goes against everything they’ve been told. How could a dean (院长) of admission at one of America’s most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest The reality is, perfection doesn’t exist, and we don’t expect to see it in a college application. In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without
shortcomings.
We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real. It’s so rare to hear stories of defeat. If their perspectives are of lessons learned, these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges. We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever.
20 ．What can we learn about the student in the first two paragraphs
A ．He is taught not to take risks.
B ．He tries to avoid any chance of failure.
C ．He cares little about his academic futures
D ．He is seldom allowed to take part in activities.
21 ．Why does the author mention the Chinese student in paragraph 3
A ．To emphasize the importance of hard work.
B ．To compare students from different countries.
C ．To give an example of the students he favors.
D ．To illustrate the widespread stress on students
22 ．What is probably admission officers’ attitude towards a perfect application
A ．Doubtful. B ．Confused. C ．Favorable. D ．Casual.
23 ．What is the key to success in college according to the author
A ．A desire for perfection
B ．The ability to learn from defeats.
C ．The opportunity of making mistakes.
D ．An experience of defeat in high school
7.（2023·广东佛山 · 佛山一中校考二模）When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do
it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us delay and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is the best for concentration, or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on
your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.
Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to settle down and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power
and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.
There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s
possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never go distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for
survival.”
24 ．Which of the following is similar to the underlined phrase in paragrapb 2
A ．Concerned. B ．Enthusiastic. C ．Calm. D ．Absorbed.
25 ．Why does the author suggest keeping our mind busy
A ．To introduce a mental recovery.
B ．To explain the cause of distraction.
C ．To recommend a kind of intelligence training.
D ．To suggest a way to train the brain to concentrate.
26 ．What is Science Focus magazine’s attitude to distraction
A ．Contradictory. B ．All-sided. C ．Doubtful. D ．Puzzling.
27 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．How to Stay Focused B ．The Harm of Distraction
C ．The Research about Distraction D ．The Benefits of Keeping Focused
8.（2023·湖北襄阳 · 襄阳四中校考模拟预测）For years, I rejected this part of myself, until I realized what I
was missing.
I used to be proud of my southern origin. My own voice reflected my family’s past and present, all southern. While growing up, I began to realize outside of our region, southerners were often dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignorant and narrow-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a
symbol of everything I hated about my life in the rural South.
The process of getting rid of my accent began in high school with Gilmore Girls. After each episode, I’d stand before a mirror, practicing the characters’ lines in an effort to speak like a “normal” white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking down my tongue and rebuilding it. Every time I was asked where I was
from, I would say “near Memphis” or make an ambiguous statement about my country background.
Now I’m living in a big city with a respectable job downtown. Every step I walk from the train station to the office seems victorious. However, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it. Occasionally my old self escapes from my lips when encouraged by an extra glass of whiskey, but I unconsciously go back to the safety of the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl who forgets where she comes from. Then gradually I’ve become kind of homesick that leads me to put on the old Highwomen record and dance around,
singing with all the accent s I’ve got left.
My grandmother used to tell me, “Girl, don’t you forget where you come from ” Memories are fading by time
but this one has remained impressed on my mind. So, I decide to move back. I’m still searching for what it means
to be southern, but now I’m doing it with all the “y’alls”, and “ain’ts” I’ve kept back for so long.
28 ．Why did the author decide to get rid of her southern accent
A ．Because she hated the southern rural life.B ．Because it reflected her shameful past.
C ．Because it made her laughed at by others. D ．Because she was misled by prejudice.
29 ．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A ．The author learnt the language well. B ．The author managed to rebuild her accent.
C ．The author made a white upper class girl. D ．The author finally succeeded in big cities.
30 ．What contributed most to the author’s return to her southern accent
A ．Her grandmother’s words. B ．Her homesickness.
C ．Her boredom of pretending. D ．Her over-drinking.
31 ．What message does the passage want to convey
A ．Everyone has his dark secret. B ．God helps those who help themselves.
C ．There’s always a silver lining in the cloud. D ．You should never compromise who you are.
9.（2023·山东 · 德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Damon Carson calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) of the
never-ending waste of American society, trying not to pair people with people, but things with people.
In the late 1990s, Carson was on break from business school in Vail, Colorado, when he discovered the vast world of waste. He began thinking about creating a secondhand store that would sell old materials and keep them
out of being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his company, Repurposed Materials appeared.
For nearly ten years, his company, Repurposed Materials, has not been looking to recycle the waste he gets — breaking it down to make something new — but rather finding new homes for thrown-away goods in their original
forms.
Carson, a husband and father of three adult children, is far from wasteful. Frugal is how he describes himself.
The clothes he’s wearing all came from a charity shop; his truck was bought with 290, 000 kilometers driven.
“Why break something down, why melt something down, if it still has value ” he asks. An old oil-field pipe might be melted down and turned into a car bumper, but it still takes an amount of power to finish the complete
change. Why not leave it as a steel pipe Why not turn it into a fence post on a farm The only cost is transport.
American industrial facilities create and throw about 7.6 billion tons of unwanted industrial materials every year. For the moment, Carson’s unique business finds new lives for millions of kilograms of industrial waste every
year.
32 ．What is paragraph two mainly about
A ．Carson’s school lessons.
B ．Carson’s journey to Colorado.
C ．The start of Carson’s business.
D ．The serious waste of materials.
33 ．What is Repurposed Materials aimed at
A ．Marketing wastes to people in need.
B ．Breaking down the wasted goods.
C ．Manufacturing industrial products.
D ．Recycling the thrown-away stuffs.
34 ．How does Carson describe his life
A ．Economical. B ．Poetic. C ．Tough. D ．Risky.
35 ．What can we learn from Carson
A ．Well began, half done.
B ．Innovative thinking counts.
C ．One is never too old to learn.
D ．Hard work will pay back.
10.（2023·山东 · 德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s
life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to
detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress. Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video, they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments,
compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to maximize our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the
significance every day.
36 ．What is the author’s belief in meaningful life
A ．Owning the coherence of life.
B ．Setting a long-term career goal.
C ．Valuing what matters just to us.
D ．Enjoying present beauty of life.
37 ．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A ．The approach to conducting the studies.
B ．The analysis of the specific objectives.
C ．The necessity of a long-term goal in life.
D ．The logic behind experiential appreciation.
38 ．What challenges us to feel more meaningful life according to the text
A ．Our fast-paced modern lifestyle.
B ．The lack of employment chances.
C ．Our focus on individual feelings.
D ．The ignorance of future outcomes.
39 ．What can be the best title of the passage
A ．Appreciating the past.
B ．Living in the moment.
C ．Finding yourself back.
D ．Embracing the future.阅读理解细节理解题
在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例（60%左右），全
国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信 息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我
们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过
语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计 2024 年高考细节理解题仍旧占比 7-8 题。
(
近
3
年新高考细节理解数据分析
)
试卷类型 年份 篇序 体裁 话题 题量
新高考 I 卷 2023 A 应用文 自行车租赁和有导游的城市游 3
B 记叙文 生态设计助力生态系统的自我修复 2
C 说明文 数字机简主义 3
D 说明文 集体商议的智慧 1
新高考 II 卷 2023 A 应用文 黄石国家公园的四项游园活动 3
B 记叙文 学校菜园项目 2
C 说明文 阅读艺术 1
D 说明文 人类与大自然互动 3
新高考 I 卷 2022 A 说明文 文学概论课程评分原则 2
B 议论文 不要浪费食物 3
C 说明文 让养老院的老人养鸡 1
D 说明文 语音演变 2
A 应用文 儿童博物馆团体游 3
新高考 II 卷 2022 B 夹叙夹议 孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑 1
C 说明文 使用 Textalyzer 来监控司机 1
D 说明文 锻炼对心脏的好处 2
新高考 I 卷 2021 A 应用文 罗马旅游社介绍 3
B 记叙文 翻乐谱的男子 Robert Titterman 3
C 说明文 保护野生动物和湿地 2
D 议论文 大众化曲解情商本义 1
新高考 II 卷 2021 A 应用文 约克郡夏日活动 3
B 记叙文 照顾两只幼虎 2
C 说明文 推动艺术教育的发展 2
D 议论文 牧牛机器人的研制 3
1.掌握技巧,灵活运用
(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案” 的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索
运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。
(2)变通理解, 间接转述找答案
细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠 李戴” 的手法来迷惑考生, 即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置,把 A 的观点说成
B 的观点等。
(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案
细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面
捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
2.明确干扰,破除陷阱
(1)扩大或缩小范围
文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用 many,almost all,nearly, more than,
over, only afew,normally 等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以
假乱真。
(
典例分析
)
典例一
（2023·新高考 I 卷 B 篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could
be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria ( 细 菌 ) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污 泥 ). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1 ．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A ．He was fond of traveling. B ．He enjoyed being alone.
C ．He had an inquiring mind. D ．He longed to be a doctor.
2 ．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A ．To feed the animals. B ．To build an ecosystem.
C ．To protect the plants. D ．To test the eco-machine.
(
【答案】
1
．
C 2
．
D
1
．细节理解题。根据第一段
“
When
John
Todd
was
a
child
,
he
loved
to
explore
the
woods
around
his
house
,
observing
how
nature
solved
problems.
A
dirty
stream,
for
example,
often
became
clear
after
flowing
through
plants
and
along
rocks
where
tiny
creatures
liv
ed.
When
he
got
older,
John
started
to
wonder
if this process
could
be used to clean up the messes people
were making. (
当约翰
·
托德还是个孩子的时候， 他喜欢探索房子周围的树
林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的
岩石后，往往会变
得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人
们制造的混乱
)”
以及第二段
“
After
studying agriculture, medicine,
and
fisheries
in
college,
John went back to
observin
g
nature
and
asking
questions.
Why
can
certain
plants
trap
harmful
bacteria
(
细菌
)
Which
kinds
of
fish
can
eat
cancer
-
causing
chemicals

(
在大学学习了
农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植
物能捕获有害细菌？
哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？
)”
可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选
C
。
2
．细节理解题。根据第三段
“
After
a
few
weeks
,
John
added
the
sludge
.
(
几
个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去
)”
以及倒数第三段
“He was amazed at the results. The plants
a
nd
animals
in the
eco-machine
took the
sludge
as
food
and began to
eat it! Within weeks,
it had
all
been
digested,
and
all
that
was
left
was
pure
water.
(
他对结果感到惊
讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，
开始吃了起来！几周之内，
它就
被消化了，
只剩下纯净水
)”
可
知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选
D
。
)
典例二
（2023·新高考 II 卷 B 篇）Turning soil,pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5 ．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A ．She used to be a health worker. B ．She grew up in a low-income family.
C ．She owns a fast food restaurant. D ．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
(
【答案】
5
．
D
5
．细节理解题。根据第一段的
“
And
at
first
it
is
,
says
Abby
Jaramillo
,
who
with
another
teacher
started
Urban
Sprouts, a
school garden program at four low-income
schools.(
起初是这样的，
艾比
·
哈拉米洛说，
她和另一位老
师在四所低收入学校启动了
“Urban
Sprouts”
学校花园项目。
)”
可知，艾比
·
哈拉米洛是
Urban
Sprouts
的发起
者。故选
D
。
)
（建议用时：8 分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏 · 统考模拟预测）A vast majority of people usually argue that cycling can make a significant
contribution to our world. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, for instance,
only 20% of the everyday short-distance trips are covered by bicycle. When enquiring about the causes, researchers found one point repeatedly tops the list: the perceived or potential risk on the bike routes used. Increasing the share
of cycling trips thus depends crucially on well-developed bike paths.
However, designing efficient bike path networks is a complex task that involves balancing a variety of limitations while meeting overall demand. In addition, many districts are confronted with a shortage of funds available for improving the infrastructure. Researchers propose a new approach to generating efficient bike path networks. This considers demand distribution and the route option of cyclists based on preferences for secure outings. Typically, minimizing the travel distance is far from the solely goal. Aspects such as attractiveness of a
route are also taken into account.
Under real conditions, a bike path network is created by constantly adding bike paths to more streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, complex network, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual process, they gradually remove less used bike path sections from this network. The route selection of cyclists is continuously updated. Thus, a series of bike path networks is created and is always adapted to the current
usage. Each stage of it corresponds to a variant that could be carried out with less financial support.
“We illustrate the applicability of this demand-driven planning for crowded urban areas of Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christoph Steinacker. “We are approaching a real-life issue here using the theoretic
toolbox of network dynamics and compare efficient bike path networks under different conditions.”
1 ．Why do people rarely cycle
A ．They think of cycling as inefficient. B ．They usually take long-distance trips.
C ．They’re concerned about the security. D ．They’re unable to find special bike roads.
2 ．What is a challenge for good bike path networks
A ．Tight budgets. B ．Complex routes.
C ．Maximized travel distance. D ．Decreasing cycling demand.
3 ．What can be learned about the planning put forward by researchers
A ．It will be updated once in a while. B ．It is contrary to the real-life design.
C ．It ensures every street has a bike path. D ．It serves as a model for other districts.
4 ．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A ．Good Planning Gets the Bike Rolling B ．A good Network Benefits More People
C ．Cycling Paths Change Crowded Urban Areas D ．A New Concept Contributes to a Better World
(
【答案】
1
．
C
2
．
A 3
．
B
4
．
A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者通过研究如何建立发达的自行车道路网
来提高自行车
出行。
1
．细节理解题。根据文章第一段
“
In
Germany
,
for
instance
,
only
20%
of
the
everyday
short
-
distance
trips
are covered
by
bicycle.
When
enquiring
about
the
causes,
researchers
found
one
point
repeatedly
tops
the
list:
the
perceived or potential risk on the bike routes used.(
比如说， 在德国， 每天的短距离行程中，
只有
20
%
是骑自行
)
(
车出行。当被问及其原因时，
研究者发现其中一个一直高居榜首：骑行路线的感知风险
和潜在风险。
)”
可知，
很少有人选择自行车出行是因为他们担心感知风险和潜在风险的存在，担心安全问题，故选
C
。
2
．细节理解题。根据文章第二段
“However, designing efficient bike path
networks is a complex task that
involves
balancing
a
variety
of limitations
whi
le
meeting
overall
demand.
In
addition,
many
districts
are
confronted
with
a
shortage
of
funds
available
for
improving
the
infrastructure
.(
然而，设计高效的自行车路线网络是一个复杂的任
务，它包括平衡一系列限制的同时，还要满足全面的需求。而且，很多地区面临着提升
设施的可用资金的
短缺问题。
)”
可知，建立好的自行车道路网所遇
到的挑战是资金短缺，预算紧张的问题，故选
A
。
3
．推理判断题。根据文章第三段
“This time, researchers start with an ideal, complex network, in which
all
streets
in a city are equipped with a bike path.
In
a vir
tual process,
they
gradually
remove
less
used bike
path
sections
from
this network. The route selection of
cyclists is
continuously
updated.
Thus,
a
series
of
bike
path
networks
is
created
and is always adapted to
the current usage.(
这一次，
研究者想出了一个理想的、复杂的道路网络，
城市里所有
街道都配备一条自行车道。在现实过程中，他们逐渐地从网络里移除了使用较少的自行车道。骑行者对道
路的
选择也在不断更新中。因此，
就创造出了一系列的自行车道路网，
它也总是在适应当前的使用状况
。
)
”
可推知，研究者提出的计划道路网是每个城市里所有街道都配备一条自行车道，但在实际过程中，却因为
一些自行车道使用较少，而不得不逐渐减少它们，故研究者提出的计
划与实际生活中的设计截然不同，故
选
B
。
4
．
主
旨
大
意
题
。
根
据
文
章
第
一
段
末
句
“Incr
easing
the
share
of
cycling
trips
thus
depends
crucially
on
well-developed bike paths.(
因此，
增加
自行车出行的比例至关重要地取决于发达的自行车道。
)”
以及后文对如
何建立发达的自行车道可知，
本文主要围绕通过建立发达的自行车道来鼓励人们骑行，
故
A
项
“
好的计划能
让自行车运转起来
”
符合文章标题，故选
A
。
)
2.（2023·浙江温州 · 统考一模）Five-year-old Mustafa is smiling for the first time in ages. She did not receive
a new toy or her favorite candy; rather, she got a wig (假发).
Mustafa had to go through painful procedures after being diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lost her hair after months of chemotherapy (化疗). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrounds and spending hours styling their hair, while she couldn’t. Losing her hair made her
hopeless, negatively impacting her response to treatment,” the girl’s father said.
Coming from a less fortunate family, Mustafa now sits in a humble hairdresser’s in Cairo, sliding her fingers through her new long hair as she looks in the mirror with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed confidence is Salam, from Egypt, who has been personally funding and designing free wigs for children with
cancer to give them power to defeat their illness.
Salam took up his mission when he saw a viral video on social media of a young cancer patient who was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the moment when he decided to provide free wigs to children with cancer to lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely afford expensive cancer treatment costs, let alone costly cosmetic (美 容) services that can play a huge role in restoring children’s confidence and giving them strength to continue their
treatment,” said Salam.
As part of the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements to make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles to serve different children. So far, Salam has helped over 15 children walk out of his
shop empowered with big smiles.
Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it does for his young customers. “Children need the emotional and moral support to go through this tough illness.” He added, “Losing their hair drives them to withdraw into themselves out of fear and embarrassment. I cannot help in their treatment,
but I can help them get through it.”
5 ．Why are a toy and candy mentioned in paragraph 1
A ．To suggest the girl’s age.
B ．To imply a serious illness.
C ．To show the shortage of toys.
D ．To highlight the value of the wig.
6 ．What can be learned from the father’s words
A ．Hair style matters much.
B ．Sports benefit Mustafa.
C ．Hair loss depressed Mustafa.
D ．Mustafa’s treatment failed.
7 ．What led to Salam’s decision on the mission
A ．His sympathy.
B ．Family support.
C ．Govemment fund.
D ．Mustafa’s enthusiasm.
8 ．What kind of person is Salam according to the passage
A ．Cautious and creative. B ．Inspiring and talented.
C ．Caring and determined. D ．Ambitious and patient.
(
【答案】
5
．
D
6
．
C
7
．
A
8
．
C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了埃及的萨拉姆，他一直在为患有癌症的儿童个人资
助和设计免费
假发，给他们战胜疾病的力量，后来他决定为患癌症的孩子们提供免费的假发，让他们振作起来。
5
．推理判断题。根据第一段
“Five-year-old Mustafa is smiling for the first time
in
ages.
Sh
e
did not receive
a new
toy
or
her
favorite
candy
;
rather
,
she
got
a
wig
(
假发
).(
五岁的穆斯塔法这么多年来第一次露出了笑容。她没有
收到新玩具或她最喜欢的糖果；相反，她得到了一顶假发
)”
可推知，第一段提到的玩具和糖果来突出假发的
价值。故选
D
。
6
．细节理解题。根据第二段中的
“She saw children her age
jumping i
n playgrounds
and
spending hours
styling their
hair
,
while
she
couldn
’t.
Losing
her
hair
made
her
hopeless
,
negatively
impacting
her
response
to
treatment
,(
她看
)
(
到同龄的孩子在操场上蹦蹦跳跳，花上几个小时做发型
，而她却不能。失去头发让她绝望，对她的治疗产
生了负面影响
)”
可知，父亲的话表明，脱发使穆斯塔法很沮丧。故选
C
。
7
．推理判断题。根据第四段中的
““
Many
families
can
barely
afford
expensive
cancer
treatment
costs
,
let
alone
costly
cosmetic
(
美
容
)
services
that
can
play
a
huge
role
in
restoring
children’s
confidence
and
giving
them
strength to continue their treatmen
t,” said
Salam.(“
许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用， 更不用说昂贵
的美容服务了，
而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，
”
萨拉姆
说
)”
可知， 萨拉姆很同情这些孩子的遭遇，
所以开始行动起来。由此推知，
萨拉姆的同情促使他决定执行这
项任务。故选
A
。
8
．推理判断题。第四段中的
““Many famil
ies can barely afford expensive cancer
treatment
costs,
let
alone
costly
cosmetic
(
美容
)
services
that
c
an
play
a
huge
role
in
restoring
children’s
confidence
and
giving
them
strength
to
continue their treatment,” said
Salam.(“
许多家庭几乎负担不起昂贵的癌症治疗费用，
更不用说昂贵的美容服务
了，
而美容服务可以在恢复孩子们的信心、给他们继续治疗的力量方面发挥巨大作用，
”
萨拉姆说
)”
可推知，
萨拉姆很有爱心。根据最后一段中的
“Despit
e the several challenges,
Salam said making wigs gives him as
much
happiness as it does for his young custo
mers.(
萨拉姆说，尽管遇到了一些挑战，
但制作假发给他带来的快乐和
为他的年轻顾客带来的快乐一样多
)”
可推知，萨拉姆是一个意志坚定的人。
故选
C
。
)
3.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模） The romantic Rhine, which flows more than 700 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea, is one of the most popular cruising(巡游) rivers in Europe, with many options available. Take a look
at things to do in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin or end in Amsterdam. This city is popular among multiple age groups and types of travelers for its relaxing atmosphere. Grab a bicycle and enjoy an afternoon of cafes, art, and historical sites. The Anne Frank House is a popular attraction in Amsterdam. Be sure to check if your river cruise can help
with advance tickets as the lines are consistently long, though.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart of Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Forest, and conjuring up(唤起) visions of princes and princesses, it is an extremely popular tourist attraction. It was in fact one of the inspirations for Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If your Rhine River cruise includes a stop in Munich, there’s a good
chance that visits to Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasbourg
If you’re looking for a classic European country town, this is the stop for you Strasbourg has a typical French feel, with cobblestoned streets, small shops, and of course a cathedral. Be sure to visit picturesque Petite France, the historic quarter of town, and Rohan Palace to walk in the footsteps of Marie Antoinette, the last queen of France
before the French Revolution. Strasbourg is also a delightful place for visit for Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three international borders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating
combination of cultures, cuisines, and languages. You can enjoy several wonderful historic sights in Basel, within a
short distance from each other, and don’t miss a walk through the Botanical Gardens
9 ．What do Amsterdam and Strasbourg have in common
A ．They have historical sites.
B ．They have a relaxing French style.
C ．They are home to big shopping malls.
D ．They are famous for the picturesque scenery.
10 ．What might be the reason for Neuschwanstein Castle’s popularity
A ．Its mysterious story. B ．Its favourable location
C ．Its fairytale romance. D ．Its inspiration for films.
11 ．Which stop would you recommend most to those who want to experience diverse cultures
A ．Amsterdam B ．Neuschwanstein Castle.
C ．Strasbourg D ．Basel.
(
【答案】
9
．
A
10
．
C
11
．
D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在莱茵河畔的四个典型城市。
9
．推理判断题。由文章第二段
“Many Rhine River Cruises begin or end in Amsterdam. This
city
is
popular
among
multiple
age
gro
ups
and
types
of tra
velers
for
its
relaxing
atmosphere.
Grab
a
bicycle
and
enjoy
an
afternoon
o
f
cafes, art, and historical sites. The Anne Frank House
is
a popular
attraction
in A
msterdam.
Be
sure to
check
if
your
river
cruise
can
help
with
advance
tickets
as
the
lines
are
consistently
long
,
though
.
(
许多莱茵河游船在阿姆斯特
丹开始或结束。这座城市因其轻松的氛围而受到不同年龄层和类型的游客的欢迎。抓
一辆自行车，享受一
个下午的咖啡馆，艺术，和历史遗迹。安妮
·
弗兰克之家是阿姆斯特丹一个受欢迎的景点。不过，一定要检
查一下你的游船能否帮你提前订票，
因为队伍总是很长。
)”
和文章第
四段
“
If
you
’
re
looking
for
a
classic
European
country
town,
this
is
the
stop
for
you
Strasbourg
has
a
typical
French
feel,
with
cobblestoned
streets,
small
shops,
and
of course
a
cathedral.
Be
sure
to
visit picturesque
Petite
France,
the historic
quarter
of town,
and
Rohan
Palace
to
walk
in
the
footsteps
of
Marie
Antoinette
,
the
last
queen
of
France
before
the
French
Revolution
.
Strasbourg is also a del
ightful place for visit for
Christmas markets.
(
如果你正在寻找一个经典的欧洲乡村小镇，
那么斯特拉斯堡是你的不二之选。斯特拉斯堡有典型的法国风情，鹅卵石铺成的街道
，小商店，当然还有
大教堂。一定要参观风景如画的小法兰西，历史悠久的小镇和罗汉宫，走在法国大革
命前法国最后一位女
王玛丽
·
安托瓦内特的脚步中。斯特拉斯堡也是
参观圣诞集市的好地方。
)”
可知，阿姆斯特丹和斯特拉斯堡
都有历史遗迹。故选
A
。
10
．推理判断题。由文章第三段
“
This
fairytale
castle
is
in
the
heart
of
Bavaria
,
Germany
.
Situated
in
the
Black Forest, and conjuring up(
唤起
) visions of
princes and princesses, it
is
an
extremely popular
tourist
attraction.
It
was in
fact
one
of
the inspirations
for Walt Disney’s
Sleeping Beauty
Castle. If
your
Rhine
R
iver
cruise
includes
a
stop
in
Munich
,
there
’
s
a
good
chance
that
visits
to
Neuschwanstein
will
be
available
.
(
这座童话般的城堡位于德
国巴
伐利亚州的中心。它坐落在黑森林里，让人联想到王子和公主，是一
个非常受欢迎的旅游景点。事实上，
)
(
它是华特
·
迪斯尼睡美人城堡的灵感来源之一。如果你的
莱茵河游轮在慕尼黑有一站，那么你很有可能可以
参观新天鹅堡。
)”
可知，新天鹅堡受欢迎的原因可能是因为它是童话般的城堡。故选
C
。
11
．推理判断题。由文章最后一段
“Sharing three international borders:
Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel
presents
a
fascinating
combination
of cu
ltures,
cuisines,
and
languages.
You
can
enjoy
several
wonderful
historic
sights in Basel, within a short distance
fr
om
each
other,
and
don’t miss
a
walk
through
the
Botanical
Gardens
(
巴塞
尔共有三个国际边界：瑞士、德国和法国，展现了文化、美食和语言的迷人结合。您可
以在巴塞尔欣赏几
处美妙的历史景点，彼此相距不远，也不要错过植物园的漫步
)
”
可知，这里有不同的文化。故选
D
。
)
4.（2023·浙江温州 · 统考一模）In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines without lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement ( 束 缚 ) and
continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.
The fact that 80 percent of the participants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The concept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another
experiment.
Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. The first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilford’s experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical
terms, this 5 percent improvement is insignificant as this could be called sampling error.
Let’s look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants’ performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread — and therefore, much more dangerous — metaphor (比
喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers
had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.
12 ．What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on
A ．Visual perception.
B ．Thinking patterns.
C ．Practical experience.
D ．Theoretical knowledge.
13 ．Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment
A ．To test the catchy concept.
B ．To contradict the initial idea.
C ．To collect supporting evidence
D ．To identify the underlying logic.
14 ．Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment
A ．Groundless. B ．Inspiring. C ．Fruitless. D ．Revealing.
15 ．Which is the best title for the passage
A ．Puzzle Solving: A Key To Creativity
B ．Thinking Outside the Box: A Misguided Idea
C ．Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test
D ．Creative Thinking: We Fell For The Trap
(
【答案】
12
．
B 13
．
A
14
．
D
15
．
C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
20
世纪
70
年代，一位
名叫
J. P.
吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项
著名的关于创造力的研究，名为
“
九点谜题
”,
这让吉尔福德得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。
12
．推理判断题。根据第一段中的
“He challenged research subjec
ts to connect all nine dots
using
just
four
straight
lines
without
lifting
their
pencils
from
the
page.
All
the
participants
lim
ited
the
possible
solutions
to
those
within
the
imaginary
square.
Only 20 percent managed to break
out
of
the
confinement
(
束缚
)
and
continue
their
lines
in
the white space sur
rounding the dots. (
他要求研究对象在不把铅笔从纸上拿起来的情况下，
用四条直线把九个
点连起来。所有的参与者都将可能的解决方案限制在虚方范围内。只有
20%
的人成功地打破了限制，在圆
点周围的白色空间里继续他们的线条
)”
可
推知，九点谜题研究的重点是思维模式。故选
B
。
13
．推理判断题。根据第二段中的
“The idea went viral. Overnight, it
seemed
that
creativity
experts
everywh
ere
were
teaching
managers
h
ow
to
think
outside
the
box.
The
concept
enjoyed
such
strong
popularity
that
no
one
bothered
to
check
the
facts.
No
one,
that
is,
befo
re
two
different
research
teams-Clarke
Burnham
with
Kenneth
Davis
,
and
Joseph
Alba
with
Robert
Weisberg
-
ran
another
experiment
.
(
一夜之间，各地的创造力专家似乎都在
教管理者如何跳出固有思维。这个概念非常受欢迎，以至于没有人费心去核实事实。在
两个不同的研究小
组
——
克拉克
·
伯纳姆和肯尼斯
·
戴维斯以及约
瑟夫
·
阿尔巴和罗伯特
·
维斯伯格
——
进行另一个实验之前，没
有人做过另一个实验
)”
可推知，两个研究小组进行了后续实验来测试这
个吸引人的概念。故选
A
。
14
．推理判断题。根据第三段中的
“Yet participants’ performance was not improved even when they were
given
specific
instructions
to
do
so.
That
is,
direct
and
clear
instructions
to
think
outside
the
box
did
not
help.
That
this
advice is useless
should effectively have killed off
the
much
widely
spread —
and
therefore,
much
more
dangerous
— metaphor (
比喻
) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creati
vity.(
然而， 即使给了参与者明确的指示， 他们的表
现也没有得到改善。也就是说，直接而明确的跳出思维定式的指示并没有帮助。这个建议是
无用的，这应
该有效地扼杀了广泛传播的
——
因此，更危险的
——
开箱即用思维促进创造力的比喻。毕竟，通过一个简
单而出色的实验，
研究人员已经证明，
打破常规思考和创造力之间的概念联系是一
种误解
)”
可推知， 后续的
实验很有启示意义。故选
D
。
15
．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的
“
In
197
0s,
a psychologist named J. P.
Guilford
conducted
a
famous
study
of
)
creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). (20 世纪 70 年代，一位名叫 J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行 了一项著名的关于创造力的研究， 名为“九点谜题”)”及下文介绍可知， 文章主要介绍了 20 世纪 70 年代， 一 位名叫 J. P.吉尔福德的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”, 这让吉尔福德得出 了一个笼统的结论:创造力需要你跳出框框。由此可知，Nine-Dot Puzzle: A Magic Test(九点谜题：一个神奇 的测试)适合作本文最佳标题。故选 C。
5.（2023·浙江宁波 · 统考一模）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez takes down any unusual behaviour she sees on the road. She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself without any disturbance from the driver, and cope with all situations on the road. But this proving hard to achieve, carmakers choose to scale back many attempts to do so.
Last year, for instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sold offits unit developing self-driving cars at a low price.
Autonomous vehicles are boasted as being not just convenient but potentially safer. However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, machines are no exception. The RAND Corporation, an American think-tank, calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet of 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and cover 14 billion kilometres. At average road speeds, that
would take about 400 years.
Carmakers such as Porsche therefore accelerate the development process using simulators ( 模拟器). These teach software about danger only rarely encountered in reality. Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”, the programs that generate photo realistic images in computer games, to do this. These are used to create
virtual worlds through which the software can drive.
How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome doubt that a software driver really can be safer than human. From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is one other relevant question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they regard as their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software
takes those boasting rights away
16 ．What do the underlined words “scale back” mean in Paragraph 1
A ．Make B ．Overlook. C ．Encourage. D ．Reduce.
17 ．The learning process of autonomous vehicles’ safe driving can be described as .
A．time-consuming B．fast-paced C．thought-provoking D．well-designed
18 ．What challenge do autonomous vehicles bring to Porsche
A ．Ensuring the pleasure of driving B ．Making their sports cars affordable.
C ．Removing public doubts about safety. D ．Integrating game engines into their vehicles.
19 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．Porsche: Sports Cars at Risk B ．Self-driving Cars: Still Some Way to Go
C ．Simulators: The Core of Autonomous Vehicles D ．Machine Learning Algorithms: The Arrival of Al
(
【答案】
16
．
D 17
．
A
18
．
A
19
．
B
)
(
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问题以及对跑车市场的影响。
16
．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文
“Last year, for instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service
,
sold offits unit
developing
self
-
driving
cars
at
a
low
price
.(
例如，去年，叫车服务公司优步（
Uber
）低价出售了开发自动驾驶汽车的部
门
)”
可知，
后文低价出售自动驾驶汽车的部门的例子说明汽车制造商
选择减少许多这样做的尝试。故划线词
意思是
“
减少
”
。故选
D
。
17
．细节理解题。根据第二段
“The RAND Corporation, an American think-tank, calculates that to
develop
a
sy
stem
20%
safer
than
a
human
driver,
a
fleet
of
100
self-driving
cars
w
ould
have
to
operate
24
hours
a
day,
365
days
a
year, and cover
14 billion kilometres. At average road speeds, that would
take
about
400
years.(
据美国智库兰德公
司
(RAND Corporation)
计算， 要开发一个比人类驾驶员安全
20%
的系统，
100
辆自
动驾驶汽车的车队必须一
年
365
天，每天
24
小时运行，行驶
140
亿公里。按照平均道路速度，这需要大约
400
年的时间
)”
可知，
自
动驾驶汽车安全驾驶的学习过程是非常耗时的。故选
A
。
18
．细节理解题。根据最后一段
“From Porsche
’s point of
view, though, there is one other relevant
question.
Given
that
much
of the
reason
for
owning
a
sports
car
is
for
owners
to
show
off what
they
regard
as
their
driving
skills,
just how big a market will there be for a version where software
takes
those
boasting
rights
away
(
不过，
从保时捷
的角度来看，还有一个相关的问题。考虑到拥有跑车的主要原因是为了炫耀他们认为自己的驾驶技术，那
么一个软件夺走了这些炫耀权利的版本会有多大的市场？
)”
可知，
自动驾驶汽车在确保驾驶的乐趣方面会给
保时捷带来挑战。故选
A
。
19
．主旨大意题。根据第二段
“
Autonomous
vehicles
are
boasted
as
being
not
just
convenient
but
potentially
safer.
However,
just
as
people
take
time
to
learn
how
to
drive
safely,
machines
are
no
exception.
The
RAND
Corporation,
an American think-tank
,
calculates that to
develop
a
system 20%
safer
than
a
human
driver,
a
fleet
of
100
self-driving
cars
would
have
to
operat
e
24
hours
a
day,
365
days
a
year,
and
cover
14
billion
kilometres.
At
average road speeds, that would take about 400 years
.(
自动驾驶汽车被吹嘘为不仅方便，
而且可能更安全。然而，
就像人们花时间学习如何安全驾驶一样，
机器也不例外。据美国智库兰德公司
(
RAND Corporation)
计算， 要
开发一个比人类驾驶员安全
20%
的系统，
100
辆自动驾驶汽车的车队必须一年
365
天，每天
24
小时运
行，
行驶
140
亿公里。按照平均道路速度， 这需要大约
400
年的时间
)”
结合文章主要讲述开发自动驾驶汽车的问
题以及对跑车市场的影响。可知，
B
选项
“
自动驾驶汽车：仍有一段路要走
”
最符合文章标题。故
选
B
。
)
6. （2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模 ）I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution, Pitzer College, the same question, “What do you look forward to the most in college ” I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I look forward to the possibility of failure.” Of course, this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic
futures, but this young man took a risk.
“You see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want to take a chance at something, they remind me it’s not a safe route to take. Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in,
they tell me, will ruin my chances at college admission.”
I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story, but kids all over the world admit they are under great
pressure to be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun, she
replied: “I thought I wasn’t supposed to tell you that I wouldn’t want you to think I am not serious about my
work!”
Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection. Of course, this goes against everything they’ve been told. How could a dean (院长) of admission at one of America’s most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest The reality is, perfection doesn’t exist, and we don’t expect to see it in a college application. In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without
shortcomings.
We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real. It’s so rare to hear stories of defeat. If their perspectives are of lessons learned, these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges. We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life, but how you respond could shape you forever.
20 ．What can we learn about the student in the first two paragraphs
A ．He is taught not to take risks.
B ．He tries to avoid any chance of failure.
C ．He cares little about his academic futures
D ．He is seldom allowed to take part in activities.
21 ．Why does the author mention the Chinese student in paragraph 3
A ．To emphasize the importance of hard work.
B ．To compare students from different countries.
C ．To give an example of the students he favors.
D ．To illustrate the widespread stress on students
22 ．What is probably admission officers’ attitude towards a perfect application
A ．Doubtful. B ．Confused. C ．Favorable. D ．Casual.
23 ．What is the key to success in college according to the author
A ．A desire for perfection
B ．The ability to learn from defeats.
C ．The opportunity of making mistakes.
D ．An experience of defeat in high school
(
【答案】
20
．
A 21
．
D
22
．
A
23
．
B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者是大学的面试官，但是从不会期待学生做得过于完美，因
为作者认为有失败经历的申请才是真实的，学生
也应该从失败中获益。
20
．推理判断题。由文章第二段中
“When I wa
nt to take a chance at
something, they remind
me
it’s
not
a
safe
route
to
take.
Taking
a
more
demanding
course
or
trying
an
activity
I
may
not
succeed
in,
they
tell
me,
will
rui
n
my
chances at college admission. (
当我想尝试某事时，
他们会提醒我这不是一条安全的路。他们告诉我，
选一门
难度更高的课程或尝试一项我可能不会成功的活动，
会毁掉我被大学录取的
机会。
)”
可知，
这个学生被父母
)
(
教导不要冒险。故选
A
。
21
．推理判断题。由文章第三段
“I wish I could tell you this is
an uncommon
story,
but
kids
all
over
the
world
admit
they
are
under
great
pressure
to
be
perfect. When
I
was
traveling
in
China
last
fall
a
nd
asked
a
Chinese
student
what
she
did
for
fun,
she replied:“
I thought
I wasn’t
supposed to
tell
you
that I
wouldn’t
want
you
to
think
I
am
not
serious
about
my
work
!” (
我希望我能告诉你，这是一个不同寻常的故事，但世界各地的孩子都承认，他
们面临着巨大的压力，
要做到完美。去年秋天，
当我在中国旅行时，
问一位中国学生她做了什么好玩的事，
她回答说：
“
我以为我不应该告诉你？我不想
让你认为我对工作不认真！
”)”
可知，作者在第
3
段提到中国学
生是想说明学生普遍承受的压力。故选
D
。
22
．细节理解题。由文章第四段中
“The
reality is, perfection doesn’t exist, and we don’t
expect
to
see
it
in
a
college
application.
In
fact,
adm
ission
officers
tend
to
question
students
who
present
themselves
as
individuals
without
shortcomings
. (
现实是，完美是不存在的，我们也不指望在大学申请中看到完
美。事实上，招生官往往会质
疑那些表现得没有缺点的学生。
)”
可知，招生官对一份完美的申请可能往往会质疑。故选
A
。
23
．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中
“We believe an error in high school should
not
define
the
rest
of
your
life, but
how you respond could shape you forever.
(
我们相信，
高中时的一个错误不应该决定你的余生，
但你的应对方
式可能会永远影响你。
)”
可知，作者认为，在大学里取得
成功的关键是从失败中学习的能力。故选
B
。
)
7.（2023·广东佛山 · 佛山一中校考二模）When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do
it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us delay and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is eliminating noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is the best for concentration, or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on
your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.
Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to settle down and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power
and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.
There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s
possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never go distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for
survival.”
24 ．Which of the following is similar to the underlined phrase in paragrapb 2
A ．Concerned. B ．Enthusiastic. C ．Calm. D ．Absorbed.
25 ．Why does the author suggest keeping our mind busy
A ．To introduce a mental recovery.
B ．To explain the cause of distraction.
C ．To recommend a kind of intelligence training.
D ．To suggest a way to train the brain to concentrate.
26 ．What is Science Focus magazine’s attitude to distraction
A ．Contradictory. B ．All-sided. C ．Doubtful. D ．Puzzling.
27 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．How to Stay Focused B ．The Harm of Distraction
C ．The Research about Distraction D ．The Benefits of Keeping Focused
(
【答案】
24
．
D 25
．
D
2
6
．
B
27
．
A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成年人容易分心，对此科学家研究了导致分心的
原因并给出了
一些有助于保持专注的方法。
24
．词句猜测题。第一段中
“Staying focused ca
n still be a
challenge
in
adult
life, but understanding
how
to
do
it,
and
knowing
what
is
distracting
you
,
can
help
.(
在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但了解如何做到这
一点，知道是什么让你分心，会有所帮助。
)”
提出问题：成年人容易分心，无法专注，而画线词所以在句
“
Scientists
have
looked
at
what
makes
us
delay
and
found
a
number
of
ways
to
help
us
stay
...(
科学家们研究了导
致我们拖延的原因，
并找到了一些方法帮助我们
……)”
告诉我们，
科学家们已经找到了原因，
并给出一些帮
助我们
stay in the zone
的方法。由此推知，
in the zone
即第一段中所说的
“
专注
”
，与
D
选项
absorbed“
全神贯
注的
”
意思相近。故选
D
。
25
．推理判断题。根据第三段中
“Another possible cure for a short attention
span
is brain
training.
Psychologists
and
neuroscientists
are
increasingly
interested
in
our
ability
to
settle
down
and
have
loo
ked
at
what
we
can
change
inside
our
head
to
make
us
concentrate
.(
另一种治疗注意力持续时间短的方法是大脑训练。心理学家和神经科
学家对我们安定下来的能力越来越感兴趣， 并研究了我们可以改变大脑内部的什么来让我
们集中注意力。
)”
和
““Attention
Researcher
Nilli
Lavie
of Universi
ty
College
London
has
found
that
making
a
task
more
visually
demanding
takes up
more processing power
and
leaves
the brain
nothing
left
to
process
dist
ractions.”
So,
keeping
your mind busy might be the answer.(“
伦敦大学学院的注意力研究员
Nilli Lavie
发现， 让一项任务对视觉的要
求更高，会消耗更多的处理能力，让大脑无法处理分心的事情。
”
所以，
让你的大脑忙碌起来可能是答
案。
)”
可推知，作者建议让我们的大脑保持忙碌是在提出一种训练大脑集中注意力
的方法。故选
D
。
26
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“But according to
Scien
ce Focus magazine, distraction isn’t
all bad.
“If
we were
always
so
focused
that
we
never
got
distracted,
we’d
m
iss
potential
changes,
such
as
threats,
in
our
environment.
Distraction is vital for survival.”(
但根据《科学焦点》杂志，
分心也不全是坏事。
“
如果我们总是如此专注，
从
不分心，
我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化，
比如威胁。分散注意力对生存至关重要。
”)”
可推知， 《科学焦点》
)
(
杂志对
“
分心
”
的态度是客观全面的。故选
B
。
27
．主旨大意题。通读全文， 结合第一段中
“Staying focused ca
n
still be a challenge in
adult
life, but understanding
how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you,
can help.(
在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一个挑战，但
了解如何做到这一点，知道是什么让你分心， 会有所帮助
)”
和第二段中
“Scientists have looked at what makes us
delay
and
found
a
number
of
ways
to
help
us
stay
in
the
zone
.(
科学家们研究了导致我们分心的原因，并
找到了
一些帮助我们保持状态的方法
)”
可知，
文章主要说明了成年人容易分心， 对此科
学家研究了导致分心的原因
并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法。所以，
A
项
“
How
to
stay
focused
(
如
何保持专注
)”
是文章最佳标题。
故选
A
。
)
8.（2023·湖北襄阳 · 襄阳四中校考模拟预测）For years, I rejected this part of myself, until I realized what I
was missing.
I used to be proud of my southern origin. My own voice reflected my family’s past and present, all southern. While growing up, I began to realize outside of our region, southerners were often dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignorant and narrow-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a
symbol of everything I hated about my life in the rural South.
The process of getting rid of my accent began in high school with Gilmore Girls. After each episode, I’d stand before a mirror, practicing the characters’ lines in an effort to speak like a “normal” white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking down my tongue and rebuilding it. Every time I was asked where I was
from, I would say “near Memphis” or make an ambiguous statement about my country background.
Now I’m living in a big city with a respectable job downtown. Every step I walk from the train station to the office seems victorious. However, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it. Occasionally my old self escapes from my lips when encouraged by an extra glass of whiskey, but I unconsciously go back to the safety of the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl who forgets where she comes from. Then gradually I’ve become kind of homesick that leads me to put on the old Highwomen record and dance around,
singing with all the accent s I’ve got left.
My grandmother used to tell me, “Girl, don’t you forget where you come from ” Memories are fading by time
but this one has remained impressed on my mind. So, I decide to move back. I’m still searching for what it means
to be southern, but now I’m doing it with all the “y’alls”, and “ain’ts” I’ve kept back for so long.
28 ．Why did the author decide to get rid of her southern accent
A ．Because she hated the southern rural life.B ．Because it reflected her shameful past.
C ．Because it made her laughed at by others. D ．Because she was misled by prejudice.
29 ．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A ．The author learnt the language well. B ．The author managed to rebuild her accent.
C ．The author made a white upper class girl. D ．The author finally succeeded in big cities.
30 ．What contributed most to the author’s return to her southern accent
A ．Her grandmother’s words. B ．Her homesickness.
C ．Her boredom of pretending. D ．Her over-drinking.
31 ．What message does the passage want to convey
A ．Everyone has his dark secret. B ．God helps those who help themselves.
C ．There’s always a silver lining in the cloud. D ．You should never compromise who you are.
(
【答案】
28
．
D 29
．
B
30
．
C
31
．
D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变
自己的南方口音，
但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口
音。
28
．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句
“
While
growing
up
,
I
began
to
realize
outside
of
our
region
,
southerners were
often
dismissed
as
uncul
tured
and
uneducated,
ignorant
and
narrow-minded.
In
that
awkward
stage
between
teenager and adult, my accent was a symbol
of
everything
I hated
about my
life
in
the
rural
South.(
在成长过程中，
我开始意识到，在我们的地区之外，南方人经常被视为没有文化、没有受过教育、无
知和心胸狭窄。在青
少年和成年人之间的尴尬阶段， 我的口音象征着我讨厌的南方农村生活的一切
)”
可知，
作者被别人对南方人
的偏见误导，决定改掉自己的南方口音，故选
D
。
29
．主旨大意题。根据第三段中
“
The
process
of
getting
rid
of
my
accent
began
in
high
school
with
Gilmore
Girls
.
After
each
episode,
I’d
stand
before
a
mirror
,
practicing
the
characters’
lines
in
an
effort
to
speak
like
a
‘normal’
white
upper-middle-class
girl.
Eventually,
I
was
successful
at
breaking
down
my
tongue
a
nd
rebuilding
it.(
摆脱口音的过程始于高中的
Gilmore
Girls
。每集结束后，我都会站在镜子
前，练习角色的台词，努力让
自己说话像一个
‘
正常
’
的白人中上层女孩
。最终，
我成功地打破了我的说话方式并重建了起来
)”
可知， 本段
主要讲述作者花费很大力气去模仿
Gilmore
Girls
剧中角色的台词，
最后成功改掉了自己的南
方口音，
故选
B
。
30
．细节理解题。根据第四段中
“However, I’ve been p
retending and I’m fed up with it.(
然而，我一直在假装，
我受够了
)”
可知，作者受够了一直假装，决定找回自己的南方口音，故选
C
。
31
．推理判断题。根据全文内容，
结合倒数第二段中
“but I unconsci
ously go back to the safety of
the unaccented
minutes later, making me feel as if
I’m
a
fraud —
a
girl
who
for
gets
where
she
comes
from.(
这让我觉得自己好像
是个骗子
——
一个忘记自己来自哪里的女孩
)”
和最后一段中
“
My
grandmother
used
to
tell
me
,
‘
Girl
,
don
’
t
you forget where you come from ’
Memories are fading by
time but
this
one
has
remained
impressed
on
my
mind.
So,
I
decide to move back.(
我的祖母曾经对我
说：
‘
女孩， 你不要忘记你来自哪里吗？
’
记忆随着时间的流逝而褪色，
但这一件事却深深地印在我的脑海里。所以，
我决定回来
)”
可知， 文章主要讲述作者因为别
人的偏见以及追
求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，决定找回自己的南方口
音，所以本文想要传达的是
“
永远不要妥协，做真实的自己
”
，故
选
D
。
)
9.（2023·山东 · 德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Damon Carson calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) of the
never-ending waste of American society, trying not to pair people with people, but things with people.
In the late 1990s, Carson was on break from business school in Vail, Colorado, when he discovered the vast world of waste. He began thinking about creating a secondhand store that would sell old materials and keep them
out of being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his company, Repurposed Materials appeared.
For nearly ten years, his company, Repurposed Materials, has not been looking to recycle the waste he gets —
breaking it down to make something new — but rather finding new homes for thrown-away goods in their original
forms.
Carson, a husband and father of three adult children, is far from wasteful. Frugal is how he describes himself.
The clothes he’s wearing all came from a charity shop; his truck was bought with 290, 000 kilometers driven.
“Why break something down, why melt something down, if it still has value ” he asks. An old oil-field pipe might be melted down and turned into a car bumper, but it still takes an amount of power to finish the complete
change. Why not leave it as a steel pipe Why not turn it into a fence post on a farm The only cost is transport.
American industrial facilities create and throw about 7.6 billion tons of unwanted industrial materials every year. For the moment, Carson’s unique business finds new lives for millions of kilograms of industrial waste every
year.
32 ．What is paragraph two mainly about
A ．Carson’s school lessons.
B ．Carson’s journey to Colorado.
C ．The start of Carson’s business.
D ．The serious waste of materials.
33 ．What is Repurposed Materials aimed at
A ．Marketing wastes to people in need.
B ．Breaking down the wasted goods.
C ．Manufacturing industrial products.
D ．Recycling the thrown-away stuffs.
34 ．How does Carson describe his life
A ．Economical. B ．Poetic. C ．Tough. D ．Risky.
35 ．What can we learn from Carson
A ．Well began, half done.
B ．Innovative thinking counts.
C ．One is never too old to learn.
D ．Hard work will pay back.
(
【答案】
32
．
C 33
．
A 34
．
A 35
．
B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，
·
文章讲述了达蒙卡森经营公司，为
一些被废弃的垃圾寻找新的归宿，不需再次
浪费能源回收，保护环境的故事。
32
．主
旨大意题
。根据第二段
内容
“
In
the
late
1990s,
Carson
was
on
break
from
business
school
in
Vail
,
Colorado,
when
he
discovered
the
vast
world
o
f waste.
He
began
thinking
about
creating
a
secondhand
store
that
would
sell
old
materials
and
keep
t
hem
out
of
being
wasted.
As
a
result,
in
2010,
his
company,
Repurposed
Materials appeared.(
上
世纪
90
年代末，
Colorado
在科罗拉多州韦尔的商学院休学期间，
发现了这个巨大的废
)
(
物世界。他开始考虑开一家二手店，
出售旧材料，
防止它们被浪费。结果， 在
2010
年，他的公司
Repurposed
Materials
出现了
)”
可知，本段主要讲述
Carson
的生意是如何创办的，故选
C
。
33
．推理判断题。根据第三段
“For nearly ten years, his company, Repurposed Materials, has not been
looking to recycle
the
waste
he
gets
—
breaking
it
down
to
make
something
new
—
but
rather
finding
new
homes
for
thrown-away goods in their original forms.(
近十年来，
他的公司
Repurposed Materi
als
并没有寻求回收他得到的
垃圾
——
将其分解成新的东西
——
而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿
)”
可知，
Repurposed
Materials
的目标是将废品卖给有需要的人，
故选
A
。
34
．细节理解题。根据第四段中
“Frugal is how he describe
s himself.(
节俭是他对自己的描述
)”
可知，
Carson
用
节俭描述自己的生活，故选
A
。
35
．推理判断题。根据第三段
“For nearly ten years, his company, Repurposed Materials, has not been
looking to recycle
the
waste
he
gets
—
breaking
it
down
to
make
something
new
—
but
rather
finding
new
homes
for
thrown-away goods in their original forms.(
近十年来，
他的公司
Repurposed Materi
als
并没有寻求回收他得到的
垃圾
——
将其分解成新的东西
——
而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿
)”
和最后一段中
“For
the
moment
,
Carson
’
s
unique
business
finds
new
lives
for
millions
of
kilograms
of
industrial
waste
every
year
.(
目
前，
Carson
的独特业务每年为数百万公斤的工业废物找到新的生命
)”
可知，
Carson
的公司并没有将回
收的
垃圾分解成新的东西，而是为那些被丢弃的物品以原本的样子寻找新的归宿，这项独
特业务每年为数百万
公斤的工业废物找到新的生命，由此可推知
“
创新思维很重要
”
，故选
B
。
)
10.（2023·山东 · 德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s
life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to
detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress. Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video, they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments,
compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with
targets. We are on the go, attempting to maximize our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right
now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the
significance every day.
36 ．What is the author’s belief in meaningful life
A ．Owning the coherence of life.
B ．Setting a long-term career goal.
C ．Valuing what matters just to us.
D ．Enjoying present beauty of life.
37 ．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A ．The approach to conducting the studies.
B ．The analysis of the specific objectives.
C ．The necessity of a long-term goal in life.
D ．The logic behind experiential appreciation.
38 ．What challenges us to feel more meaningful life according to the text
A ．Our fast-paced modern lifestyle.
B ．The lack of employment chances.
C ．Our focus on individual feelings.
D ．The ignorance of future outcomes.
39 ．What can be the best title of the passage
A ．Appreciating the past.
B ．Living in the moment.
C ．Finding yourself back.
D ．Embracing the future.
(
【答案】
36
．
D 37
．
D 38
．
A 39
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
36
．细节理解题。根据第一段的
“Many scholars agree that a meaningful exis
tence
comes
down to
three
factors:
the
coherence
of one
’
s
life
,
the
possession
of
clear
long
-
term
goals
and
the
belief
that
one
’
s
life
matters
.
But
we
believe
there is another element to consider.(
许多学者认为，
一个有意义的存在归结为三
个因素：一个人的生命的连贯
性， 拥有明确的长期目标，
相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。
)”
，第二段的
“We call
this element experiential appreciation, an ability
to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events
happen
.(
我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。
)”
和最后一段的
“Yet
life
happens
in
the
prese
nt
moment.
We
should
slow
down,
let
life
surprise
us
and
embrace
the
significance
every
day
.(
然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。
)”
可知，
作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选
D
。
37
．主旨大意题。根据第三段的
“Our results showed that the more people in
dicated that they were
“appreciating
life”,
)
(
the
more
they
felt
their
existence
valuable.
In
the
subsequent
experiment, we
further
explored
the phenomenon by
asking
participants
to
watch
an
awe-inspiring
video,
they
also
reported
having
a
greater
sense
of
experiential
appreciation
and meaning
in
life
in these moments,
compared with those
watching
more
neutral
videos.(
我们的研
究结果显示，
越多的人表示他们
“
欣赏生活
”
，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，
我们通过
要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这
一现象， 他们也报告说，
与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，
他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。
)”
可知，
第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背
后的逻辑。故
选
D
。
38
．细节理解题。根据最后一段的
“Our modern, fast-paced, projec
t-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We
are on the go,
attempting to maximize
our
output.
This
makes
it
easy
to
miss
what
is
h
appening
right
now.(
我们现
代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙
得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最
大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。
)”
可知，
我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活
有了挑战。故选
A
。
39
．主旨大意题。通读全文，
尤其是第二段的
“We c
all this element experiential appreciation, an
ability
to
detect
and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(
我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏， 一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏
生活内在美的能力。
)”
和最后一段的
“
Yet
life
happens
in
the
present
moment
.
We
should
slow
down
,
let
life surprise
us
and
embrace
the
significance
every
day
.(
然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我
们惊喜， 拥抱每一天的意义。
)”
可知， 本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，
欣赏生活中
的美，因此最好的题目是
B
选项
“Living in the moment.(
活在当下。
)”
。故选
B
。
)

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