资源简介

阅读理解主旨大意题
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对 文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读 短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文
章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
预计 2024 年高考主旨大意题仍旧占比 0-1 题。
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近
3
年新高考主旨大意题数据分析
)
试卷类型 年份 篇序 体裁 话题 题量
新高考 I 卷 2023 D 议论文 集体商议的智慧 1
新高考 II 卷 2023 B 记叙文 学校菜园项目 1
新高考 I 卷 2022 D 说明文 语音演变 1
新高考 II 卷 2022 C 说明文 科学技术 1
新高考 I 卷 2021 D 议论文 情商的科学 1
新高考 II 卷 2021 C 说明文 推动艺术教育的发展 1
规律方法 1：如何精确归纳标题？
1 、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的
主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。
2 、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主
题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
规律方法 2 ：如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思 想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、
推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法 3 ：如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有 鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题 句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主
题句。 0
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典例分析
)
典例一
（2023·新高考卷 II B 篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills,
environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
8 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．Rescuing School Gardens B ．Experiencing Country Life
C ．Growing Vegetable Lovers D ．Changing Local Landscape
典例二
（2023·新高考卷 I D 篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite
accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
9 ．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A ．The methods of estimation. B ．The underlying logic of the effect.
C ．The causes of people’s errors. D ．The design of Galton’s experiment.
（建议用时：10 分钟/篇）
1. （2023·山东 · 统考二模）A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated (孤立的).
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in seniors and the pandemic (疫情) increased the risks due to the need for seniors to stay home and isolate, according
to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The
participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits
and a discussion afterwards, while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. “Our study showed that art-based activities may be an effective intervention ( 干预),” lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor at the University of Montreal, said in the press release. “On a global scale, this participatory art-based activity could become a model
that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.”
The proposal reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization to manage certain diseases, according to Beauchet. For instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component (成分) of improving health. Traditionally, these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools, community centers, and workplaces. “While these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people, there are additional organizations and sectors that could become partners in public health research and practice development,” Beauchet said. “Museums are among such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types
of activities they offer.”
1 ．How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums
A ．They get survival skills. B ．They raise interest in art.
C ．They improve quality of life. D ．They connect more with family.
2 ．What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3
A ．Participants come from the whole world.
B ．The museum needs better cultural events.
C ．Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D ．Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
3 ．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A ．To advocate. B ．To criticize. C ．To expose. D ．To warn.
(
be a suitable
title
for the
text
4
．
Which
may
)
A ．The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness.
B ．Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well-being.
C ．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together.
D ．Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums.
2.（2023·江苏 · 江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）In a modern society, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is commonly referred to as a “sharing economy”. If “shared grannies” sounds new, that is
because it is a new idea in Chinese society.
A team of elderly women who serve as “shared grannies”, in Shipingcun Community, Chongqing recently received praise online. They help working parents pick up their children from school, help children with their
homework, and take children to different kinds of activities.
The team has nine women in their 60s or 70s, most of whom live alone. They volunteer to look after more than
20 students from Yangshilu Primary School.
The community, with 6,500 households, has more than 20000peopleof whom more than 5,000 are aged 60 or older. And there are many working parents unable to pick up their children from school, and many of those parents
do not have anyone to pick up their children. So they are in badly need of help.
On the other hand, many elderly women in the community are not ready to settle into retired(退休的)life, and they are eager to continue to do something for their community. So the “shared grannies” program was set up in
April.
Deng Lihong, 66, volunteered to be a “shared granny”. “Although we are old, we should still do something good for our country. Children are the future of our country. I feel young and pleasant with the children, and my
retired life is meaningful,” she says.
Cui Jingqin, a self-employed laborer, has relied on the “shared grannies” since the program began. “My son
loves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care of our children after school,” she says.
Peng Mei, secretary of the Party Committee of Shipingcun Community, says that in addition to ‘shared grannies’ they also call on college students to serve as volunteers, buy more books and organize more activities for
children.
5 ．Which of the following is the task of “shared grannies”
A ．Sending children to school. B ．Helping do the housework.
C ．Organizing some activities. D ．Looking after children after school.
6 ．Which word can best describe “shared grannies”
A ．Financially difficult. B ．Beneficial.
C ．Educated. D ．Open-minded.
7 ．Why did the author mention “Cui Jingqin”
A ．To show children largely rely on this program.
B ．To show women with children live a hard life.
C ．To show parents are satisfied with this program.
D ．To show women play an important part in society.
(
8
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What can be the best title for the passage
)
(
A
．
A New Global Trend B
．
A New Kind of Sharing
)
(
C
．
Children and Their Grandmas D
．
The Comeback
of Shared Grandma
)
3.（2023·江苏镇江 · 统考模拟预测）For many consumers, low prices are often equal to cheap products. While everyone loves a good bargain (特价商品), low prices can harm how your product is viewed. Instead of getting a great deal, customers often believe that you get what you pay for. Though everyday low-pricing strategies can work
for some companies, they’re not always the best idea for certain lines of business.
Consumer perceptions play a significant role in strategic pricing. Despite all the promotions surrounding great deals, it turns out that cheaper isn’t always better. Research from Vanderbilt University suggests that low prices can backfire because consumers sometimes see them as signs of low-quality products. However, researchers also found
that consumers sometimes see low prices as simply good deals. Shoppers’ perceptions depend on what they’re
thinking about when deciding whether or not to buy a product.
If consumers come across a low-priced product or service, they may see it as either a good deal or not worth
their time and money. How consumers think about price is just as important as the actual price itself.
Consumers rarely have complete information and use various strategies to fill gaps in their knowledge when considering products. One strategy involves using naive theories: informal explanations used by consumers to make sense of their environment. A consumer may perceive an upscale ( 高档 的) company’s prices are too high or assume discount retailers’ (零售店) products are inferior (次的) due to its reputation being associated with lower
quality items than other stores selling similar goods.
Companies can influence how customers feel about their low prices by conducting market research and improving marketing strategies focused on highlighting product quality rather than just value alone which tends towards making people rate cheaper products more favorably. When companies focus on the product quality in marketing materials, consumers look more favorably upon more expensive products. However, when companies
focus on value, consumers rate cheap products more favorably.
Businesses can also identify their customer base and narrow their marketing efforts to become perceived as a specialist. This leaves customers less likely to question pricing strategies because they trust that the company
knows what it’s doing and has done its research into what works best for them.
9 ．What does research from Vanderbilt University suggest
A ．Strategic pricing determines shoppers’ perceptions.
B ．Promotions are linked with high-quality products.
C ．Consumers only see low prices as a real bargain.
D ．Consumers’ perceptions of low prices vary greatly.
10 ．What does the underline word “backfire” mean in Paragraph 2
A ．Produce an opposite result. B ．Cause a serious explosion.
C ．Meet people’s expectations. D ．Have a positive effect.
11 ．How can companies influence consumers’ feelings about their low prices
A ．By emphasizing product quality. B ．By targeting a wider audience.
C ．By offering more promotions. D ．By lowering prices even further.
(
12
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What is the best title of
this
articl
e
)
(
A
．
Low prices are always a good thing
for businesses
)
(
B
．
Low prices can sometimes
scare off
customers
)
(
C
．
Companies should focus on value rather than quality
)
(
D
．
Companies should ignore consumers’ percepti
ons of
price
)
4.（2023·江苏镇江 · 统考模拟预测） Cooking or baking has become a common cure for stress or feeling down, but there might actually be some science behind it. A study conducted by researchers followed 658 people for two weeks and found that a little creativity each day can go a long way towards happiness and satisfaction in
daily life.
“There is growing recognition in psychology research that creativity is associated with emotional functioning,” Tamlin Conner, lead author on the study, explained. “However, most of this work focuses on how emotions benefit or prevent creativity, not whether creativity benefits or hampers (妨碍) emotional well-being.” By following detailed diaries kept by the study subjects, Conner found that in addition to feeling happier, people who worked on little creative projects every day also felt they were “flourishing”—a psychological term that describes
the feeling of personal growth.
This isn’t the first time researchers have drawn a line connecting making food with positive feelings. In recent years, psychologists have started spending more time exploring cooking and baking as a therapeutic (治疗的) tool
to help people dealing with things like depression and anxiety.
“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amount of sugar or butter I need for a recipe—I am in control,” baker
John Whaite, who won “The Great British Bake Off” in 2012, told BBC .
For people like Whaite, who is suffering from manic depression, baking can help their mood by providing small tasks to focus on in a manner similar to meditation (冥想). In order to put together a good meal, cooks have to be constantly in the moment, adding ingredients, adjusting the heat of the stove and tasting their food—all of
which can be helpful techniques in treating some forms of mental illness.
“A lot of us turn to baking when we’re feeling low.” Melanie Denyer, the founder of the Depressed Cake Shop, a bakery designed to draw awareness to mental health conditions, says. “Some of us even started baking because they were ill and needed something simple as a focus. And there is genuinely something very therapeutic about
baking.”
Baking may not be a be-all and end-all cure for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should
consider pulling out the flour and warming up the oven.
13 ．What is the focus of most psychology research on creativity and emotions
A ．The benefits of creative projects on emotions.
B ．The impacts of emotion on creativity.
C ．The harm of creativity to emotional well-being.
D ．The effects of creativity on emotional well-being.
14 ．Why do some psychologists explore cooking as a therapeutic tool
A ．To provide an alternative form of meditation.
B ．To promote healthy and balanced eating habits.
C ．To assist individuals in handling mental problems.
D ．To help people with serious physical illnesses.
15 ．How did John Whaite benefit from baking
A ．It won him “The Great British Bake Off” .
B ．It helped him gain a sense of control.
C ．It cured his depression through meditation.
D ．It enabled him to become more creative.
(
16
．
What is the main idea of
the passage
)
(
A
．
Cooking and baking are creative activities.
)
(
B
．
Baking is a complete cure
for mental
illnes
s.
)
(
C
．
Small creative tasks l
ead to improved emotional well-being.
)
(
D
．
Following recipes leads
to personal growth in creativity.
)
5.（2023·江苏苏州 · 统考模拟预测）Microsoft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT to control robots with simple text commands. The approach means people with no engineering experience will be able to instruct
robots to carry out tasks.
Microsoft said the research was intended “to see if ChatGPT can think beyond text, and reason about the physical world to help with robotics tasks”. Robots are typically controlled by software that has been written by humans and sets out precise instructions, or else by some form of network Al that can learn to carry out tasks based
on large numbers of examples.
Neither Microsoft nor Open Al responded to a request for comment on this, but Microsoft said ChatGPT allows a user to monitor the process. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time control of the robot, but simply creates the code that controls it. Microsoft said ChatGPT output shouldn’t be used directly to control a robot without “careful
analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky to even begin thinking about placing Al in control of physical machines.
Mark Coeckelbergh at the University of Vienna, Austria, says that regulations may be needed in order to set out where Al can be used and who is responsible should things go wrong. “It’s a very dangerous thing to just say ‘let’s give control of these computers to AI’,” says Coeckelbergh. “The problem with contemporary artificial intelligence is that it’s not transparent(透明的) to the user. That’s a huge problem.”
Others were doubtful about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that Al language models are convincing mimics (模仿 者), but that their real ability — including their adaptability to control robots — is often overblown. “I think
Microsoft, and most people who design robots,overstate what they can and can’t do,” she says.
17 ．What’s the purpose of the research conducted by Microsoft
A ．To prove ChatGPT’s capacity to carry out tasks.
B ．To test ChatGPT’s ability to control robots.
C ．To teach ChatGPT to give accurate instructions.
D ．To identify the hidden problems of ChatGPT.
18 ．What attitude does Microsoft show towards the direct use of ChatGPT onto a robot
A ．Curious. B ．Optimistic. C ．Supportive. D ．Opposed.
19 ．What does Mark Coeckelbergh want to convey
A ．It’s safe to use Al to control physical machines.
B ．AI’s adaptability to control robots is reliable.
C ．Regulations of Al use should be in place.
D ．The problem with Al is still under debate.
(
20
．
What is the best title for the text
)
A ．ChatGPT tells robots what to do
B ．Power of ChatGPT is changing us
C ．Problems of ChatGPT need solving
D ．Al takes control of robots wisely
6.（2023·江苏苏州 · 统考模拟预测）There’s no tune, no lyrics and you can’t dance to it. Don’t let that put you off: white noise is the music industry’s next big thing. Streaming services have seen an explosion of tracks in the last
year consisting entirely of recordings of rainfall, ocean waves and winds.
Some of the recordings have earned their creators millions of pounds. Record companies and tech firms have taken notice. Apple is including background noise in its next operating system, and TikTok has been promoting pink noise and brown noise — sounds with lower frequencies as an aid to concentration for students at the start of
the school year.
Noise fans say that studying, sleeping and meditation (冥想) are all enhanced by listening to these sounds at proper levels. The economics of music-streaming mean noise-makers can cash in. Someone falling asleep to White Noise Baby Sleep’s 90-second track Clean White Noise on repeat for seven hours will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 million times, worth an estimated $2.5m in royalties ( 版税). The lead track on
Spotify’s own Rain Sounds playlist, two minutes of rainfall, has more than 100m plays.
In contrast, Laura Mvula only has 541,000 Spotify streams for the title track of this year’s award-winning album, Pink Noise — not a slice of sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pop that took her three years to make. Spotify, Apple Music, and other streaming services pay royalties in roughly the same way. They set aside a total pot for royalties, which is then divided up between distributors, record labels, recording artists and songwriters. That means that Mvula will get a smaller slice of the Spotify pie than White Noise Baby Sleep, although most of it
goes to the major record companies.
It’s hard to work out who is making such noise. Spotify lists White Noise Baby Sleep’s songwriting credits as belonging to an Erik Eriksson. It’s not obvious who Eriksson is or whether he is part of a larger organization, but the Medium website One Zero last year established that many of the artists’ names are pseudonyms (假名) used by
companies.
21 ．Which of the following best describes white noise
A ．Tuneful. B ．Confusing. C ．Pricey. D ．Profitable.
22 ．How does the author describe the popularity of white noise in Paragraph 3
A ．By presenting some statistics.
B ．By making classifications.
C ．By making a comparison.
D ．By giving a definition.
23 ．What does the author want to show by mentioning Laura Mvula’sPink Noise
A ．White noise is more popular.
B ．Pink noise has gone out of date.
C ．How Mvula gets paid.
D ．Who makes huge profits.
(
24
．
What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
)
A ．Tips for attracting more white noise fans.
B ．Challenges some companies are faced with.
C ．Difficulty in identifying the copyright holders.
D ．Ways to improve the qualities of credits.
7.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know
it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性 情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do
not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in
school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things
might be taken away fromthem at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do.
“According to research, parents don’t talkabout this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If
they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman
25 ．What can we learn about unfavored children
A ．They want to please their parents
B ．They care little about their siblings.
C ．They tend to lack a sense of identity
D ．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
26 ．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A ．Blessing. B ．Challenge. C ．Honor. D ．Burden.
27 ．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A ．Treat their children equally
B ．Explain themselves to their children
C ．Strengthen their bond with their children
D ．Remove the differences between their children
(
28
．
What is the text mainly about
)
A ．The solutions to parental favoritism
B ．The consequences of parental favoritism
C ．An analysis of why parents play favorites
D ．A contrast between favored and unfavored children
8.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻
画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they
appear.
One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey ( 猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out
humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present though,
the turtles are scared away, holding back their appetite for seagrass and protecting its growth.
Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have
medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do.
29 ．What do most people think about sharks
A ．They are ugly.
B ．They are important
C ．They are violent.
D ．They are complicated.
30 ．The author compares shark bites to lightning strikes to show they are .
A ．Deadly B ．rare C ．unavoidable D ．unpredictable
31 ．Why should sharks be scared of humans according to the author
A ．Humans keep sharks to show off.
B ．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C ．Humans catch sharks for medical research.
D ．Humans are greater in number than sharks
(
32
．
Which of
the following is the be
st title for the
text
)
A ．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B ．Sharks: King of the Ocean
C ．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis
D ．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood
9.（2023·湖北襄阳 · 襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s
really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya
Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation ( 外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was
previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total
gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
33 ．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A ．Advanced radar technology. B ．The high-definition computer.
C ．The three-dimensional image. D ．An accurate map of elevations.
34 ．What is the major mission of Swot
A ．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B ．To tackle the consequence of global warming.
C ．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
D ．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2.
35 ．What is Tamlin’s attitude towards Swot’s performance
A ．Objective. B ．Vague. C ．Uninterested. D ．Approving.
(
36
．
Which is the most suitable title
for the text
)
A ．A Solution to Climate Change B ．First Global Water Survey from Space
C ．A Breakthrough in Space Travel D ．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
10.（2022· 山东青岛 · 统考一模）You might think of it as a scene from martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamboo drifting.
Over 2,000 years ago, the high-quality wood, nanmu, in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2,000 kilometers to the north. With no better transportation, people had to stand on one log to drift down the river. Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born. In the Qing Dynasty, wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price. Due to the great strength and balance it takes for one to master this act, bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage
list in 2021.
Yang Liu, a 25-year-old inheritor of bamboo drifting, learned it at seven. “Usually, the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long, and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters. If the length or diameter of the bamboo is not long enough, it will not be buoyant (有浮力的) enough to float. Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key, so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle. I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how
to handle the most difficult part,” she said.
The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going. In the past 18 years, she has drifted all year round, in cold winter and hot summer. As hanfu culture has been on the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while performing, creating a more beautiful scene. In 2020, Yang began to post her videos on social media. “I’m extremely proud to
get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.
It’s my mission to keep it alive and known to more people,” Yang Liu says.
37 ．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A ．Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills.
B ．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land.
C ．Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2,000 years ago.
D ．The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage.
38 ．What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting
A ．Keeping balance. B ．Maintaining a fixed angle.
C ．Finding the proper bamboo. D ．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands.
39 ．What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting
A ．Impossible. B ．Confusing. C ．Unbelievable. D ．Complicated.
(
40
．
Which of
the following
is a
suitable title
for the text
)
A ．Balancing with Grace B ．Yang Liu: a Creative Performer
C ．Transporting Bamboo down the River D ．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou阅读理解主旨大意题
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对 文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读 短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文
章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
预计 2024 年高考主旨大意题仍旧占比 0-1 题。
(
近
3
年新高考主旨大意题数据分析
)
试卷类型 年份 篇序 体裁 话题 题量
新高考 I 卷 2023 D 议论文 集体商议的智慧 1
新高考 II 卷 2023 B 记叙文 学校菜园项目 1
新高考 I 卷 2022 D 说明文 语音演变 1
新高考 II 卷 2022 C 说明文 科学技术 1
新高考 I 卷 2021 D 议论文 情商的科学 1
新高考 II 卷 2021 C 说明文 推动艺术教育的发展 1
规律方法 1：如何精确归纳标题？
1 、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的
主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。
2 、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主
题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
规律方法 2 ：如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思 想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、
推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法 3 ：如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有 鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题 句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主
题句。 0
(
典例分析
)
典例一
（2023·新高考卷 II B 篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills,
environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
8 ．What can be a suitable title for the text
A ．Rescuing School Gardens B ．Experiencing Country Life
C ．Growing Vegetable Lovers D ．Changing Local Landscape
(
【答案】
8
．
C
8
．主旨大意题。根据第一段的
“And at first it
is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with
another
teacher
started
Urban
Sprouts, a school g
arden program at four low-income
schools.
The program
aims
to help
students
develop
science
skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.(
起初是这样的，
艾比
·
哈拉米洛说，
她和另一位老师在四
所低收入学校启动了
“Urban
Sprouts”
学校花园
项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的
生活方式。
)”
和最后一段的
“Some students get so interested in
gardening that
they bring
home
seeds
to
start
their
own vegetable gardens.(
一些学生对园艺非常感
兴趣，
于是他们把种子带回家，
开始种自己的菜园
)”
以及下文
内容可知， 文章主要讲述了
Abby Jaramillo
等老师
在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，
环保意识以及健
康生活方式的
Urban
Sprouts
花园项目，
让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断
C
项
“
蔬菜种植爱好
者
”
符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选
C
。
)
典例二
（2023·新高考卷 I D 篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite
accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
9 ．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A ．The methods of estimation. B ．The underlying logic of the effect.
C ．The causes of people’s errors. D ．The design of Galton’s experiment.
(
【答案】
9
．
B
)
(
9
．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容
“This effect capitalizes on t
he fact that when people make errors,
those
errors
aren’t always the same.
Some people will tend to overestimate, and come
to underesti
mate.
When
enough
of
these
errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out,
resulting
i
n
a
more
accurate
estimate.
If
people
are
similar
and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t c
ancel
each
other
out.
In
more
technical
terms,
the
wisdom of
crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If
for whatever reasons, people s errors become
correlated or dependent, the accuracy of
the
estimate will
go
down.
(
这种效应利用了这样一个事实， 即当人们犯
错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有
足够多的误差被平均
在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的
错误，那么他们的错
误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果
由于任何原因，人们
的错误变得相关或依赖，
估计的准确性就会下降
)”
可知， 本
段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，
各不相
同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何
由于误差的消除而产
生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了
“
群体智慧
”
效
应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选
B
。
)
（建议用时：10 分钟/篇）
1. （2023·山东 · 统考二模）A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated (孤立的).
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in seniors and the pandemic (疫情) increased the risks due to the need for seniors to stay home and isolate, according
to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits and a discussion afterwards, while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. “Our study showed that art-based activities may be an effective intervention (干预),” lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor at the University of Montreal, said in the press release. “On a global scale, this participatory art-based activity could become a model
that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.”
The proposal reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization to manage certain diseases, according to Beauchet. For instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component (成分) of improving health. Traditionally, these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools, community centers, and workplaces. “While these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people, there are additional organizations and sectors that
could become partners in public health research and practice development,” Beauchet said. “Museums are among
such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types
of activities they offer.”
1 ．How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums
A ．They get survival skills. B ．They raise interest in art.
C ．They improve quality of life. D ．They connect more with family.
2 ．What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3
A ．Participants come from the whole world.
B ．The museum needs better cultural events.
C ．Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D ．Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
3 ．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A ．To advocate. B ．To criticize. C ．To expose. D ．To warn.
(
be a suitable
title
for the
text
4
．
Which
may
)
A ．The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness.
B ．Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well-being.
C ．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together.
D ．Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums.
(
【答案】
1
．
C
2
．
D 3
．
A
4
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一
项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。
1
．细节理解题。根据第一段
“
A
study
from
the
University
of
Montreal
and
the
Montreal
Museum
of
Fine
Arts
,
published
in
Frontiers
in
Medicine,
found
that
regular
virtual
visits
to
museums
could
help
sen
iors
stay
mentally
active
and
come
with
a
host
of
additional
health
benefits.
That’s
because
these
digital
connections
can
m
ake
retirees feel less lone
ly and isolated (
孤立的
).(
蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一
项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，
并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为
这些数字连接可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立
)”
可知，定期虚拟参观博物馆，
老年人提高了生活质量。
故选
C
项。
2
．推理判断题。根据第三段
““Our study
showed that art-based activities may be
an
effective
intervention,”
lead
author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor
at the
University
of
Montreal,
said
in
the press
release.
“On
a
g
lobal
scale,
this
participatory
art-based
activity
could
become
a
model
that
could
be
offered
in
museums
and
arts
institutions
worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.”(“
我们的研究表明，以艺术为基础的活动可能是一种有效的干
预措施，
”
蒙特利尔大学教授、该研究的主要作者奥利维尔
·
博切特博士在新闻发布会中说。
“
在全球范围内，
这种以艺术为基础的参与性活动可以成为世界各地博物馆和艺术机构提供的一种模式，以促进积极健康的
老龄化。
”)”
可知，根据博切特所说，老年人应该多参加以艺术为基础的活动。故选
D
项。
)
(
3
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“The proposal reflects approaches recommended
by the World Health Organization
to manage certain diseases, according to Beauchet. For
instance,
the
WHO
launched
the
Aging
and
Health
Program
in
2015
that
incl
uded
using
community-based
organizations
to
promote
culture
as
a
key
compone
nt
(
成分
)
o
f
improving health.(
博切特表示，
该提案反映了世界卫生组织建议的管理某些疾病的方法。例如，
世界卫生组
织于
2015
年启动了老龄化与健康计划，
其中包括利用社区组织促进文化，
将其作为改善健康的关键组成部
分
)”
可推知，最后一段的目的是为了提倡老龄化与健康规划。故选
A
项。
4
．主旨大意题。根据第一段
“
A
study
from
the
University
of
Montreal
and
the
Montreal
Museum
of
Fine
Arts
,
published
in
Frontiers
in
Medicine,
found
that
regular
virtual
visits
to
museums
could
help
seniors
stay
mentally
active
and
come
with
a
host
of
add
itional
health
benefits.
That’s
because
these
digital
connections
can
make
retirees feel less lonely and isolated (
孤立的
).(
蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术
博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一
项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年
人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为
这些数字连接可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立
)”
以及文章内容可知，
文章主要介绍了定期虚拟参观博
物
馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，
并带来许多额外的健康益处， 所以
“
网
上博物馆之旅改善老年人的健康
”
可以作为文章标题。故选
B
项。
)
2.（2023·江苏 · 江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）In a modern society, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is commonly referred to as a “sharing economy”. If “shared grannies” sounds new, that is
because it is a new idea in Chinese society.
A team of elderly women who serve as “shared grannies”, in Shipingcun Community, Chongqing recently received praise online. They help working parents pick up their children from school, help children with their
homework, and take children to different kinds of activities.
The team has nine women in their 60s or 70s, most of whom live alone. They volunteer to look after more than
20 students from Yangshilu Primary School.
The community, with 6,500 households, has more than 20000peopleof whom more than 5,000 are aged 60 or older. And there are many working parents unable to pick up their children from school, and many of those parents
do not have anyone to pick up their children. So they are in badly need of help.
On the other hand, many elderly women in the community are not ready to settle into retired(退休的)life, and they are eager to continue to do something for their community. So the “shared grannies” program was set up in
April.
Deng Lihong, 66, volunteered to be a “shared granny”. “Although we are old, we should still do something good for our country. Children are the future of our country. I feel young and pleasant with the children, and my
retired life is meaningful,” she says.
Cui Jingqin, a self-employed laborer, has relied on the “shared grannies” since the program began. “My son
loves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care of our children after school,” she says.
Peng Mei, secretary of the Party Committee of Shipingcun Community, says that in addition to ‘shared grannies’ they also call on college students to serve as volunteers, buy more books and organize more activities for
children.
5 ．Which of the following is the task of “shared grannies”
A ．Sending children to school. B ．Helping do the housework.
C ．Organizing some activities. D ．Looking after children after school.
6 ．Which word can best describe “shared grannies”
A ．Financially difficult. B ．Beneficial.
C ．Educated. D ．Open-minded.
7 ．Why did the author mention “Cui Jingqin”
A ．To show children largely rely on this program.
B ．To show women with children live a hard life.
C ．To show parents are satisfied with this program.
D ．To show women play an important part in society.
(
8
．
What can be the best title for the passage
)
(
A
．
A New Global Trend B
．
A New Kind of Sharing
)
(
C
．
Children and Their Grandmas D
．
The Comeback
of Shared Grandma
)
(
【答案】
5
．
D
6
．
B
7
．
C
8
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国社会的一个新概念
“
共享奶奶
”
，这些
“
共享奶奶
”
帮助社区
里面没有人照顾孩子的家庭，帮助他们在放学后照顾孩子。
5
．细节理解题。根据第二段
“They help working pare
nts pick up their children from school, help
children with their
homework, and take chil
dren to different kinds of
activities.(
她们帮助上班的父母接孩子放学，
帮助孩子做作业，
带孩子参加各种各样的活动。
)”
可知，
“
共享奶奶
”
会在放学后照顾没
有人照顾的孩子们。故选
D
。
6
．推理判断题。根据第二段
“They help working paren
ts pick up their children from school, help
children with their
homework, and take chil
dren to different kinds of
activities.(
她们帮助上班的父母接孩子放学，
帮助孩子做作业，
带孩子参加各种各样的活动。
)”
可知， 这些
“
共享奶奶
”
会在放学后照顾没有人照顾的孩子们，
因此她们是乐
于助人的，是
“
有益的
”
。故选
B
。
7
．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中
““My son loves thes
e grannies, and I
am
glad
that
the
‘shared
grannies’
can
take
care of
our children after school,” she
says.(
她说：
“
我儿子很喜欢这些奶奶，我很高兴
‘
共享奶奶
’
能在放学后照
顾我们的孩子。
”)”
可知，这段提到崔景芹的目的是说明家长们对这个项目的满意。故选
C
。
8
．主旨大意题。文章在首段
“In a modern society, the public can share
many
things,
such
as
bicycles
and
cars.
That
is
commonly referred to
as
a
“sharing
economy”.
If “shared
grannies”
sounds new, that
is
because
it
is
a
new
idea
in
Chinese
society
. (
在现代社会，公众可以分享很多东西，比如自行车和汽车。这就是
通常所说的
“
共享经
济
”
。如果说
“
共享奶奶
”
听起来很新鲜，
那是因为它在中国社会是个新概念。
)”
提出了
“
共享奶奶
”
的新概念，
然后全文围绕此话题进行介绍，由此推断
B
选项
“A New Kind of Sharing(
一种新
的共享方式
)”
能够更好地概
括全文。故选
B
。
)
3. （2023· 江苏镇江 · 统考模拟预测）For many consumers, low prices are often equal to cheap products. While everyone loves a good bargain ( 特价商品), low prices can harm how your product is viewed. Instead of getting a great deal, customers often believe that you get what you pay for. Though everyday low-pricing strategies
can work for some companies, they’re not always the best idea for certain lines of business.
Consumer perceptions play a significant role in strategic pricing. Despite all the promotions surrounding great deals, it turns out that cheaper isn’t always better. Research from Vanderbilt University suggests that low prices can backfire because consumers sometimes see them as signs of low-quality products. However, researchers also found that consumers sometimes see low prices as simply good deals. Shoppers’ perceptions depend on what they’re
thinking about when deciding whether or not to buy a product.
If consumers come across a low-priced product or service, they may see it as either a good deal or not worth
their time and money. How consumers think about price is just as important as the actual price itself.
Consumers rarely have complete information and use various strategies to fill gaps in their knowledge when considering products. One strategy involves using naive theories: informal explanations used by consumers to make sense of their environment. A consumer may perceive an upscale ( 高档 的) company’s prices are too high or assume discount retailers’ (零售店) products are inferior (次的) due to its reputation being associated with lower
quality items than other stores selling similar goods.
Companies can influence how customers feel about their low prices by conducting market research and improving marketing strategies focused on highlighting product quality rather than just value alone which tends towards making people rate cheaper products more favorably. When companies focus on the product quality in marketing materials, consumers look more favorably upon more expensive products. However, when companies
focus on value, consumers rate cheap products more favorably.
Businesses can also identify their customer base and narrow their marketing efforts to become perceived as a specialist. This leaves customers less likely to question pricing strategies because they trust that the company
knows what it’s doing and has done its research into what works best for them.
9 ．What does research from Vanderbilt University suggest
A ．Strategic pricing determines shoppers’ perceptions.
B ．Promotions are linked with high-quality products.
C ．Consumers only see low prices as a real bargain.
D ．Consumers’ perceptions of low prices vary greatly.
10 ．What does the underline word “backfire” mean in Paragraph 2
A ．Produce an opposite result. B ．Cause a serious explosion.
C ．Meet people’s expectations. D ．Have a positive effect.
11 ．How can companies influence consumers’ feelings about their low prices
A ．By emphasizing product quality. B ．By targeting a wider audience.
C ．By offering more promotions. D ．By lowering prices even further.
(
12
．
What is the best title of
this
articl
e
)
(
A
．
Low prices are always a good thing
for businesses
)
(
B
．
Low prices can sometimes
scare off
customers
)
(
C
．
Companies should focus on value rather than quality
)
(
D
．
Companies should ignore consumers’ percepti
ons of
price
)
(
【答案】
9
．
D 10
．
A 11
．
A 12
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然消费者喜欢特价商品，但是低价会损害消费者
对于产品的看
法，从而影响购买情况，对此公司会采取相应的营销策略来影响消费者对产品的看
法。
9
．推理判断题。根据第二段中
“Research fr
om Vanderbilt University suggests that low prices can backfire because
consumers
sometimes
see
them
as
signs
of low-quality
products.
However,
researchers
also
found
that
consumers
sometimes see low prices as simply good deals
.(
范德比尔特大学的研究表明，低价可能会
……
因为消费者有时
会将其视为低质量产品的标志。然而，
研究人员也发现，
消费者有时会把低价看作是划算的交易
)”
可知， 范
德比尔特大学的研究显示消费者有时会把低价看作低质量，有时会把低
价看作划算，这是两种差异很大的
看法。由此可知，该研究表明消费者对低价的看法差别很大。故选
D
项。
10
．词义猜测题。根据第二段中
“Despite all the promotions surrounding great deals, it turns
out that
cheaper
isn’t
always
better.
Research from
Vanderbilt
University s
uggests that low
prices can backfire
because consumers
sometimes see them as signs of
low-quality products.(
尽
管有各种促销活动，但事实证明，便宜并不总是更好。
范德比尔特大学的研究表明， 低价可能会
……
因为消费者有时会将其视为低质量产品的标志
)”
可知，
低价促
销不一定得到好的结果，因为消费者有时会把低价看作
低质量。由此推知，
backfire
意思是
“
产生相反的结
果，适得其反
”
。故选
A
项。
11
．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中
“
Companies
can
influence
how
customers
feel
about
their
low
prices
by
conducting market research and improving marketing
strategies
focused
on highlighting product
quality
rather
than
just
value
alone
which
tends
towards
making
people
rate
cheaper
products
more
favorably
.(
公司可以通过进行市
场调查和改进营销策略来影响消费者对其低价产品的感受，这些营销策略侧重于强调产品质量，而不
仅仅
是价值，这往往会让人们更青睐便宜的产品
)”
可知，公司会通过强调产品质量来影响消费者对于低价的感受。
故选
A
项。
12
．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了虽然消费者喜欢特价
商品，但是低价会损害消费者对于产品 的看法，从而影响购买情况，对此公司会采取相应的营销策略来影响消
费者对产品的看法。因此，
B
项
“
低
价有时会吓跑顾客
”
符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选
B
项。
)
4.（2023·江苏镇江 · 统考模拟预测） Cooking or baking has become a common cure for stress or feeling down, but there might actually be some science behind it. A study conducted by researchers followed 658 people for two weeks and found that a little creativity each day can go a long way towards happiness and satisfaction in
daily life.
“There is growing recognition in psychology research that creativity is associated with emotional
functioning,” Tamlin Conner, lead author on the study, explained. “However, most of this work focuses on how
emotions benefit or prevent creativity, not whether creativity benefits or hampers (妨碍) emotional well-being.” By following detailed diaries kept by the study subjects, Conner found that in addition to feeling happier, people who worked on little creative projects every day also felt they were “flourishing”—a psychological term that describes
the feeling of personal growth.
This isn’t the first time researchers have drawn a line connecting making food with positive feelings. In recent years, psychologists have started spending more time exploring cooking and baking as a therapeutic (治疗的) tool
to help people dealing with things like depression and anxiety.
“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amount of sugar or butter I need for a recipe—I am in control,” baker
John Whaite, who won “The Great British Bake Off” in 2012, told BBC .
For people like Whaite, who is suffering from manic depression, baking can help their mood by providing small tasks to focus on in a manner similar to meditation (冥想). In order to put together a good meal, cooks have to be constantly in the moment, adding ingredients, adjusting the heat of the stove and tasting their food—all of
which can be helpful techniques in treating some forms of mental illness.
“A lot of us turn to baking when we’re feeling low.” Melanie Denyer, the founder of the Depressed Cake Shop, a bakery designed to draw awareness to mental health conditions, says. “Some of us even started baking because they were ill and needed something simple as a focus. And there is genuinely something very therapeutic about
baking.”
Baking may not be a be-all and end-all cure for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should
consider pulling out the flour and warming up the oven.
13 ．What is the focus of most psychology research on creativity and emotions
A ．The benefits of creative projects on emotions.
B ．The impacts of emotion on creativity.
C ．The harm of creativity to emotional well-being.
D ．The effects of creativity on emotional well-being.
14 ．Why do some psychologists explore cooking as a therapeutic tool
A ．To provide an alternative form of meditation.
B ．To promote healthy and balanced eating habits.
C ．To assist individuals in handling mental problems.
D ．To help people with serious physical illnesses.
15 ．How did John Whaite benefit from baking
A ．It won him “The Great British Bake Off” .
B ．It helped him gain a sense of control.
C ．It cured his depression through meditation.
D ．It enabled him to become more creative.
(
16
．
What is the main idea of
the passage
)
(
A
．
Cooking and baking are creative activities.
)
(
B
．
Baking is a complete cure
for mental
illnes
s.
)
(
C
．
Small creative tasks l
ead to improved emotional well-being.
)
(
D
．
Following recipes leads
to personal growth in creativity.
)
(
【答案】
13
．
B 14
．
C
15
．
B
16
．
C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了一些创造性任务比如烹饪和烘焙有益于心理问题的治疗。
13
．细节理解题
。根据第二段
中
“
However
,
most
of
this
work
focuses
on
how
emotions
benefit
or
prevent
creativity, not whether creativity benefits or hampers emotional
well-being.(
然而，
大部分的研究都集中在情绪如
何促进或阻碍创造力，
而不是创造力是否有利于或阻碍情绪健康。
)”
可知， 大多数关于创造力和情感的心理
学研究的重点是情绪对创造力的影响。故选
B
项。
14
．细节理解题。根据第三段中
“In recent years, psychologists have started spending more time exploring
cooking
and baking as a therapeutic tool to help people dealing with things
like
depression
and
anxi
ety.(
近年来，心理学家
开始花更多的时间探索烹饪和烘焙作为一种治疗工具来帮助人们处理抑郁
和焦虑等问题。
)”
可知，
一些心理
学家探索烹饪作为一种治疗工具是为了帮助个人处理心理问题。故选
C
项。
15
．推理判断题。根据第四段中
“
When
I
’
m
in
the
kitchen
,
measuring
the
amount
of sugar
or butter
I
need
for
a recipe
—
I
am
in
control
. (
当我在厨房里时，测量一份食谱所需的糖或黄油的量时，我可以控制。
)”
可知，烘
焙帮助他获得了一种控制感。故选
B
项。
16
．主旨大意题。根据第二段中
“
Conner
found
that
in
addition
to
feeling
happier
,
people
who
worked
on
little
creative
projec
ts
every
day
also
felt
they
w
ere
‘flourishing’—a
psychological
term
that
describes
the
feeling
o
f
personal
growth
.(
Conner
发现，每天从事一些创造性小项目的人除了感到更快乐之外，还觉得自己
‘
蓬勃发
展
’——
这是一个描述个人成长感觉的心理学术语
)”
和第五段中
“
For
people
like
Whaite
,
who
is
suffering
from manic depression, baking can help their mood by
providing
small tasks to focus on in a manner similar to
meditation
.(
对于像怀特这样患有躁狂抑郁症的人来说，烘焙可以像冥想一样让他们专注于一些小事情，从
而改善他们的情绪。
)”
可知，本文主要讲述了小的创造性任务可以改善情绪健康。故选
C
项。
)
5.（2023·江苏苏州 · 统考模拟预测）Microsoft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT to control robots with simple text commands. The approach means people with no engineering experience will be able to
instruct robots to carry out tasks.
Microsoft said the research was intended “to see if ChatGPT can think beyond text, and reason about the physical world to help with robotics tasks”. Robots are typically controlled by software that has been written by humans and sets out precise instructions, or else by some form of network Al that can learn to carry out tasks based
on large numbers of examples.
Neither Microsoft nor Open Al responded to a request for comment on this, but Microsoft said ChatGPT allows a user to monitor the process. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time control of the robot, but simply creates the code that controls it. Microsoft said ChatGPT output shouldn’t be used directly to control a robot without “careful
analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky to even begin thinking about placing Al in control of physical machines.
Mark Coeckelbergh at the University of Vienna, Austria, says that regulations may be needed in order to set
out where Al can be used and who is responsible should things go wrong. “It’s a very dangerous thing to just say ‘let’s give control of these computers to AI’,” says Coeckelbergh. “The problem with contemporary artificial intelligence is that it’s not transparent(透明的) to the user. That’s a huge problem.”
Others were doubtful about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that Al language models are convincing mimics (模仿 者), but that their real ability — including their adaptability to control robots — is often overblown. “I think
Microsoft, and most people who design robots,overstate what they can and can’t do,” she says.
17 ．What’s the purpose of the research conducted by Microsoft
A ．To prove ChatGPT’s capacity to carry out tasks.
B ．To test ChatGPT’s ability to control robots.
C ．To teach ChatGPT to give accurate instructions.
D ．To identify the hidden problems of ChatGPT.
18 ．What attitude does Microsoft show towards the direct use of ChatGPT onto a robot
A ．Curious. B ．Optimistic. C ．Supportive. D ．Opposed.
19 ．What does Mark Coeckelbergh want to convey
A ．It’s safe to use Al to control physical machines.
B ．AI’s adaptability to control robots is reliable.
C ．Regulations of Al use should be in place.
D ．The problem with Al is still under debate.
(
20
．
What is the best title for the text
)
A ．ChatGPT tells robots what to do
B ．Power of ChatGPT is changing us
C ．Problems of ChatGPT need solving
D ．Al takes control of robots wisely
(
【答案】
17
．
B 18
．
D
19
．
C 20
．
A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了微软已经使用
AI ChatGPT
来通过简单的文本命
令控制机器人，
而这意味着没有工程经验的人将能够指导机器人执行
任务。
17
．推理判断题。根据文章第二段
“Microsoft said the research was intended “to see if
Chat
GPT
can
think beyond
text
,
and
reason
about
the
physical
world
to
help
with
robotics
tasks
”.(
微软表示，
这项研究
的目
的是
“
看看
ChatGPT
是否能超越文本思维，对现实世界进行推理，以帮助机器人完成任务
”
。
)”
可知，微软进行该研究
是为了测试
ChatGPT
控制机器人的能力。故选
B
。
18
．推理判断题。根据文章第三段
“Neither Microsoft nor Open Al responded to a request
for comment
on
this,
but
Microsoft
said
ChatGPT
allows
a
user
to
monitor
t
he
process.
ChatGPT
isn’t
in
direct,
real-time
control
of the
robot,
but
simply
creates
the
code
that
controls
it.
Microsoft
said
ChatGPT
output
shouldn’t
be
used
directly
to
)
(
control
a robot without
“careful
analysis”, but
experts warn
that
it
is risky
to
even
begin
thinking
about
placing
Al
in
control
of
physical
machines
.(
微软和
Open
Al
都没有回应对此发表评论的请求，但微软表示，
ChatGPT
允
许用户监控整个过程。
ChatGPT
并不直接实时控制机器人，而只是创建控制机器人的代码。微软表示，在
没有
“
仔细分析
”
的情况下，不应该直接使用
ChatGPT
的输出来
控制机器人，但专家警告说，甚至开始考虑
让人工智能控制物理机器都是有风险的。
)”
可知，微软对于直接使用
ChatGPT
来控制机器人是不赞成的。
故选
D
。
19
．细节理解题。根据文章第四段
“Mark Coeckelbergh at the University of
Vienna, Austria, says that regulations
may be needed in order to set out
w
here
Al
can be
used
and
who
is
responsible
should
things
go
wrong.
“It’s
a
very
dangerous
thing
to
just
say
‘
let
’
s
give
control
of
these
computers
to
AI
’,”
says
Coeckelbergh
.(
奥地利维也纳大学
的
Mark Coeckelbergh
说，
可能需要制定法规，
以便确定人工智能可以在哪里使用，
以及如果出现问题谁来
负责。
Coeckelbergh
说：
“
仅仅说
‘
让我们把这些电脑的控制权交给人工智能吧
’
是一件非常危险的
事情。
”)”
可知，
Coeckelbergh
认为应该制定相关的法规来管理人工智能的
使用。故选
C
。
20
．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段
“Microsoft says it has used the na
tural language Al ChatGPT to
control robots
with
simple
text
commands.
The
approach
means
people
with
no
engineering
experience
will
be
able
to
instruct
robots to carry out tasks.(
微软表示，他们已经使用自然语言
AI ChatGPT
来通过简单的文本命令控制机器人。
这种方法意味着没有工程经验的人将能够指导机器人执行任务。
)”
可知，文章主要介绍了微软使用
AI
ChatGPT
简单的文本来控制机器人。所以
“ChatGPT tells robots what to do(ChatGPT
告诉机器人该做什么
)”
作
为文章标题最为合适。故选
A
。
)
6.（2023·江苏苏州 · 统考模拟预测）There’s no tune, no lyrics and you can’t dance to it. Don’t let that put you off: white noise is the music industry’s next big thing. Streaming services have seen an explosion of tracks in
the last year consisting entirely of recordings of rainfall, ocean waves and winds.
Some of the recordings have earned their creators millions of pounds. Record companies and tech firms have taken notice. Apple is including background noise in its next operating system, and TikTok has been promoting pink noise and brown noise — sounds with lower frequencies as an aid to concentration for students at the start of
the school year.
Noise fans say that studying, sleeping and meditation (冥想) are all enhanced by listening to these sounds at proper levels. The economics of music-streaming mean noise-makers can cash in. Someone falling asleep to White Noise Baby Sleep’s 90-second track Clean White Noise on repeat for seven hours will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 million times, worth an estimated $2.5m in royalties ( 版税). The lead track on
Spotify’s own Rain Sounds playlist, two minutes of rainfall, has more than 100m plays.
In contrast, Laura Mvula only has 541,000 Spotify streams for the title track of this year’s award-winning album, Pink Noise — not a slice of sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pop that took her three years to make. Spotify, Apple Music, and other streaming services pay royalties in roughly the same way. They set aside a total pot for royalties, which is then divided up between distributors, record labels, recording artists and songwriters. That means that Mvula will get a smaller slice of the Spotify pie than White Noise Baby Sleep, although most of it
goes to the major record companies.
It’s hard to work out who is making such noise. Spotify lists White Noise Baby Sleep’s songwriting credits as belonging to an Erik Eriksson. It’s not obvious who Eriksson is or whether he is part of a larger organization, but the Medium website One Zero last year established that many of the artists’ names are pseudonyms (假名) used by
companies.
21 ．Which of the following best describes white noise
A ．Tuneful. B ．Confusing. C ．Pricey. D ．Profitable.
22 ．How does the author describe the popularity of white noise in Paragraph 3
A ．By presenting some statistics.
B ．By making classifications.
C ．By making a comparison.
D ．By giving a definition.
23 ．What does the author want to show by mentioning Laura Mvula’sPink Noise
A ．White noise is more popular.
B ．Pink noise has gone out of date.
C ．How Mvula gets paid.
D ．Who makes huge profits.
(
24
．
What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
)
A ．Tips for attracting more white noise fans.
B ．Challenges some companies are faced with.
C ．Difficulty in identifying the copyright holders.
D ．Ways to improve the qualities of credits.
(
【答案】
21
．
D 22
．
A
23
．
A
24
．
C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很受欢迎的白噪音音乐，这种音乐的播放量非常高
，为创作者和
音乐公司带来了客观的收益。
21
．细节理解题。根据第二段中
“
Some
of
the
recordings
have
earned
their
creators
millions
of
pounds
.
（其中一
些录音已经为其创作者赚了数百万英镑。）
”
可知，
白噪音作
品可以带来客观的受益，
因此可以用
D
项
“
盈利
的
”
来描述白噪音，
A
项
Tuneful“
旋律优美的
”
、
B
项
Confusing“
令人困惑的
”
、
C
项
Pricey“
价格高昂的
”
不符
合白噪音的特性。故选
D
项。
22
．推理判断题。根据第三段中
“Someone falling asleep to
White Noise Baby Sleep
’s 90-seco
nd track Clean White
Noise
on repeat
for
seven hours will win
up
280
plays.
By
last
Friday
it
had
been
p
layed
837
million
times,
worth
an
estimated
$2.
5m
in
royalties
(
版税
).
The
lead
track
on
Spotify’
s
own
Rain
Sounds
playlist,
two
minutes
o
f
rainfall, has more than
100m plays.
（听着
White Noise Baby Sleep
的
90
秒曲子
Clean White Noise
入睡，重复播
放
7
小时的人，将赢得
280
次播放。截至上周五，
该曲已被播放
8.37
亿次，版税估计为
250
万美元。在
Spotify
自己的
Rain
Sounds
播放列表中，
两分钟降雨的曲子播放量超过
1
亿次。）
”
可推知，
在第三段中作者通过呈
)
(
现数字来表现白噪音的受欢迎。故选
A
项。
23
．推理判断题。根据第四段中
“In contrast, Laura Mvula
only has 541,000
Spotify
streams
for the
title
track
of
this
year’s
award-winning
album,
Pink Noise
—
not
a
slice
of sleepin
ess
but
tuneful,
lyrical
dance-pop
that
took
her
three years to make.
（相比之下，
Laura Mvula
今年获奖专辑
Pink
Noise
的主打歌在
Spotify
上的播放量只有
54.1
万次，这是她花了三年时间制作的一首旋律优美、抒情的流行舞曲，
没有一丝沉闷。）
”
可知，
Laura Mvula
的专辑
Pink
Noise
的播放量很少。由此推知，作者是为了
通过比较突显白噪音比这种精心制作的旋律优美、
抒情的曲子更受欢迎。故选
A
项。
24
．主旨大意题。根据最后一段
“It’s hard to work out who is making
such noise.
Spotify
lists
Wh
ite Noise Baby
Sleep
’s
songwriting credits as belonging to an
Erik
Eriksson.
It’s
not
obv
ious
who
Eriksson
is
or
whether
he
is
part
of
a
larger
organization
,
but
the
Medium
website
One
Zero
last
year
established
that
many
of
the
artists
’
names
are
pseudonyms (
假名
) used by companies.
（很难弄清楚是谁在制
造这样的噪音。
Spotify
列出了
White Noise Baby
Sleep
的词曲创作属于
Erik Eriksson
。
Eriksson
是谁， 或者他是否属于一个更大的组织，
目前还不清楚，
但媒
体网站
One Zero
去年发现，许多艺术家
的名字都是公司使用的假名。）
”
可知，本段主要讨论了白噪音的创
作者并不明确，其版权拥有者因此很难确认。
C
项
“
难以确定版权所有人
”
符合段落大意。故选
C
项。
)
7.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you
know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性 情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do
not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in
school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things
might be taken away fromthem at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different.
What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do.
“According to research, parents don’t talkabout this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If
they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman
25 ．What can we learn about unfavored children
A ．They want to please their parents
B ．They care little about their siblings.
C ．They tend to lack a sense of identity
D ．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
26 ．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A ．Blessing. B ．Challenge. C ．Honor. D ．Burden.
27 ．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A ．Treat their children equally
B ．Explain themselves to their children
C ．Strengthen their bond with their children
D ．Remove the differences between their children
(
28
．
What is the text mainly about
)
A ．The solutions to parental favoritism
B ．The consequences of parental favoritism
C ．An analysis of why parents play favorites
D ．A contrast between favored and unfavored children
(
【答案】
25
．
C 26
．
A
27
．
B
28
．
B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，指出在有多个孩子的家庭中，父母很可能会出现对某个孩子的
偏爱，无论他
们自己是否意识到。
25
．推理判断题。根据第三段
““The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmoti
vated,
as
a result
of
working
hard
to
get
parental
support,
with
no
success,”
says
Yelena
Gidenko,
a
licensed
counselor.
“He
orshe
ma
y
also
suffer
from
depression
and become
angry, bitter,
or
jealous,”
she
adds
C
hildren
feeling this way may
act
out,
in
an
effort
to
get
their
parent’s
attention,
making
matters
worse.
They
may
also
behave
inappropriately,
becoming
the
black
sheep, which they believe their parents
already
see.
“Unfavored children
may
have
a
hard
time
a
ccepting
who
they
are
,
since
they
do
not
feel
accepted
by
their
parents
,”
adds
Gidenko
.(
持证心理咨询师叶莲娜
·
吉登科
(
Yelena
Gidenko)
说：
“
不受宠爱的孩子会感到挫败，没有动力，因为他们努力获得父母的支持，却没有成功。
”
她补
充说：
“
他或她也可能患有抑郁症，变得愤怒、痛苦或嫉妒。
”
有这种感觉的孩子可能会采取行
动，试图引起
父母的注意，使事情变得更糟。他们也可能表现得不得体，成为害群之马，他们认
为父母已经看到了这一
点。
“
不受宠爱的孩子可能很难接受自己，
因为他们觉得自己不被父母接受，
”
金登科补充道。
)”
可推知， 不
受宠爱的孩子他们往往缺乏认同感，所以试图引起父母的注意。故选
C
项。
26
．词句猜测题。根据后文
“Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite
som
etimes translate
that
into
a
go
pass
)
(
for
their
behavior
in
future
relationships.
“Favored
children
may
feel
a
sense
of entitlement,
and
that
rules
do
not
apply to them,” says G
idenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school,
at work, and
in their
friendships.(
那些觉得自己是父母最
爱的孩子有时会把这种感觉转化为他们在未来关系中的行为。
“
受宠的孩
子可能会有一种权利感，
觉得规则不适用于他们，
”
金登科说。这会对他们在学校、工作和友谊中的表现产
生负面
影响
)”
可知，
本段主要讲述了偏袒对被偏爱的孩子来说， 也不完全是好处， 所以推知
bo
on
意为
“
益处
”
和
A
项意思相近。故选
A
项。
27
．细节理解题。根据最后一段
“Newman urges parents to remember that i
t’s not possible to treat children equally
because they
are
all
different.
What parents
can,
and
shoul
d
do
is talk to
their
kids
about
how,
and
why,
they
treat
them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talkabout thi
s. They
don’t
say why
one
child
gets
more
time
than
another
.
If
they
do
,
they
are
preserving
their
bond
with
each
child
,”
says
Newman
(
纽曼敦促父母记住，
不可能平等对待孩子，因为他们都是不同的。父母能做的，也应该做的，是告诉他们的
孩子，他们是如何
对待他们的，
以及为什么要这样对待他们。
“
根据研究，
父母不会谈论这个
问题。他们没有说为什么一个孩
子比另一个孩子得到更多的时间。如果他们这样做，他们就保留了与每个孩子的联系，
”
纽曼说
)”
可知，纽
曼在本段建议父母加强他们与孩子的联系。故选
B
项。
28
．主旨大意题。根据第二段
““Parents may favor one child over another, for
a
lot
of
reasons.
The
child
may
have
an
easy
temperament
(
性情
)
or
might
behave
particul
arly
well
or
may
look
like
you,”
says
Susan
Newman,
a
psychologist.
“But
regardless
of the
reason,
every
child
must
be
made
to
feel
loved
and
special,
in
order
to
fully
develop.” Newman warns
that
favoring
one
child
over their
siblings
(
兄弟姐妹
) publicly
can
have
a
significantly negative
effect
.(“
出于很多原因，父母可能会偏爱一个孩子。这个孩子可能性情随和，或
者表现得特别好，
或者长得像你，
”
心理学家苏珊
·
纽曼
(Susan Newman)
说。
“
但不管是什么原因，为了全面发展，每个孩子都
必须感受到爱和特别。
”
纽曼警告说，公开地
偏爱一个孩子而不是他们的兄弟姐妹会产生明显的负面影响
)”
以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了父母偏爱的后果。故选
B
项。
)
8.（2023·浙江金华 · 校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker
than they appear.
One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey ( 猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out
humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present though,
the turtles are scared away, holding back their appetite for seagrass and protecting its growth.
Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of
humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they
mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have
medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do.
29 ．What do most people think about sharks
A ．They are ugly.
B ．They are important
C ．They are violent.
D ．They are complicated.
30 ．The author compares shark bites to lightning strikes to show they are .
A ．Deadly B ．rare C ．unavoidable D ．unpredictable
31 ．Why should sharks be scared of humans according to the author
A ．Humans keep sharks to show off.
B ．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C ．Humans catch sharks for medical research.
D ．Humans are greater in number than sharks
(
32
．
Which of
the following is the be
st title for the
text
)
A ．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B ．Sharks: King of the Ocean
C ．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis
D ．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood
(
【答案】
29
．
C 30
．
B
31
．
B 32
．
D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对鲨鱼的误解，鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中的
重要性，以及
鲨鱼面临的威胁和生存状态。
29
．细节理解题。根据文章第二段
“
One
very
common
misunderstanding
about
sharks
is
their
desire
to
hunt humans. Actually when
sharks attack hu
mans, it is because they
mistake
a
human
for
their
normal
prey(
猎物
),seals
or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose.(
关于鲨鱼的一个很常见的误解是它们想猎杀人类。事实上，
当鲨鱼攻击人类时，那是因为它们把人类误认为是它们的正常猎物，海豹或海豚。它们不会故意寻
找人
类。
)”
可知，大多数人对鲨鱼的误解是鲨鱼想要猎
杀人类，也就是鲨鱼是暴力的。故选
C
。
30
．推理判断题。根据文章第二段
“They don’t seek out humans on purpose.
Statistically, you are
mor
e
likely
to be
struck
by
lightning
than
be
bitten
by
a
shark
.(
它们不会故意寻找人类。据统计，你被闪电击中的可能
性比被鲨
鱼咬伤的可能性更大。
)”
可知，
作者将被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性和被闪电
击中的可能性相比较是为了说明被鲨鱼
咬伤的可能性极小。故选
B
。
31
．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段
“Though sharks have a reputation for being very
scary to humans,
the
sad
truth
)
(
is
that
they
should
be
scared
of humans.
The
number
of sharks
in
the
ocean
is
steadi
ly
dropping.
There
are
a
few
reasons
for
this.
For
one,
they
mature
quite
slowly,
over
several
years,
and
produce
relatively
fe
w
young.
For
another
,
overfishing
of
sharks
is
happening
because
more
and
more
people
want
their
fins
.(
虽然鲨鱼对人类来说
是非常可怕的，但可悲的事实是它们应该害怕人类。海洋中鲨鱼的数量正在稳步下降。这有几个原因。首
先， 它们成熟得很慢，
需要几年的时间，
而且产生的幼崽相对较少。另一方面， 鲨鱼的过度捕捞正在发生，
因为越来越多的人想要它们的鳍。
)”
可知，鲨鱼应该惧
怕人类是因为人类过度捕捞鲨鱼。故选
B
。
32
．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段
“The sharp fin(
鳍
). The rows upon rows of
sharp
teeth.
The
larg
e black
eyes.
The
sharks
you
see
on
television
in
Jaws
or
Discovery’s
”Shark
Week“
are
not
the
friendliest
looking
creatures.
They
aren’t
exactly
an
animal you want to
find near you while
swimming
in
the
ocean.
Despite
their port
rayals(
刻画
)
in
movies
and popular
culture,
sharks
are
complicated, misunderstood
creatures
that
are weaker than
they
appear.(
尖
锐的鳍。 一排排锋利的牙齿。又大又黑的眼睛。你在电视节目《大白鲨》或探索频道的
“
鲨鱼周
”
中看到的鲨
鱼并不是看起来最友好的生物。当你在海里游泳时，你不会想在你附近找到它们
。尽管鲨鱼在电影和流行
文化中被描绘成这样，但它们是一种复杂的、被误解的生物，比它们看起来的要弱。
)”
以及全文内容可知，
本文主要是讲解了人们对鲨鱼的误解以及鲨鱼的真实情况等
。所以短文的最佳的标题为
“
鲨鱼
:
杀手还是被误
解了？
”
故选
D
。
)
9.（2023·湖北襄阳 · 襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s
really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya
Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation ( 外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was
previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total
gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
33 ．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A ．Advanced radar technology. B ．The high-definition computer.
C ．The three-dimensional image. D ．An accurate map of elevations.
34 ．What is the major mission of Swot
A ．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B ．To tackle the consequence of global warming.
C ．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
D ．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2.
35 ．What is Tamlin’s attitude towards Swot’s performance
A ．Objective. B ．Vague. C ．Uninterested. D ．Approving.
(
36
．
Which is the most suitable title
for the text
)
A ．A Solution to Climate Change
C ．A Breakthrough in Space Travel
B ．First Global Water Survey from Space
D ．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
(
【答案】
33
．
A 34
．
C 35
．
D 36
．
B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章报道了名为
Swot
的卫星将于
周四上午被送入太空，它通过先进的微波雷达
技术将全面绘制地球上的水域地图，帮助科学家了解海洋如何帮助阻止气
候变化。
33
．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中
“
Thanks
to
the
radar
instrument
,
Swot
can
scan
through
cloud
cover
and darkness over wide ranges of
the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their
observa
tions
in two
dimensions
regardless
of weather
or
time
of day
and
to
cover
large
geogra
phic
areas
far
more
quickly
than
was
previously possible.(
多亏了雷达仪器，
Swot
可以在地球的大范围内扫描云层和黑暗。这使得科学家
能够精确
地绘制二维地图，
无论天气如何，
无论何时， 覆盖大面积地
理区域的速度比以前快得多
)”
可知， 先进的雷达
技术使得
Swot
能够精确测量。故选
A
。
34
．细节理解题。根据第二段中
“The major mis
sion is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate
change by
absorbing
atmospheric
heat
and
carbon
dioxide
in
a
natural
process
.(
其主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程
吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化
)”
可知，
Swot
卫星的主要任务是研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故
选
C
。
35
．推理判断题。根据最后一段
“‘Rather than giving us a line of
elevations, it’s giving us
a map
o
f
elevations,
and
that
’
s
just
a
total
gamechanger
,’
said
Tamlin
Pavelsky
,
Swot
freshwater
science
leader
.(
Swot
淡水科学负责人
Tamlin Pavelsky
说：
‘
它不是给我们一条海拔线，而是给我们一张海拔地图，这完全改变了游戏规则。
’)”
可
推知，
Tamlin
对于
Swot
的表现很赞成，故选
D
。
36
．主旨大意题。通读全文，
尤其是第一
Swot satellite is schedule
d to be launched
Thursday
morning
to
conduct
a
comprehensive
survey
of Earth’s
vital
resource.
By
using
advanced
microwave
radar
technology
it
will
collect
height-surface measurements of
oceans, lakes and rivers
in
high-definition
de
tail
over
90%
of
the
globe.
It’s
really the
first
time
to
observe
nearly
all
water
on
the
planet
’
s
surface
.(
Swot
卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的
重要
资源进行全面调查。通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球
90%
以上的海洋、湖
泊和河流的高清晰
)
度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水)”可知， 文章报道了计划于周四上午发射的 Swot 卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球 90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测 量数据。这是第一次从太空观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。由此可知，B 项“第一次从太空进行的全球水资 源调查”是文章最佳标题。故选 B。
10.（2022· 山东青岛 · 统考一模）You might think of it as a scene from martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river, all standing on a bamboo strip, but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamboo drifting.
Over 2,000 years ago, the high-quality wood, nanmu, in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2,000 kilometers to the north. With no better transportation, people had to stand on one log to drift down the river. Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born. In the Qing Dynasty, wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price. Due to the great strength and balance it takes for one to master this act, bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage
list in 2021.
Yang Liu, a 25-year-old inheritor of bamboo drifting, learned it at seven. “Usually, the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long, and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters. If the length or diameter of the bamboo is not long enough, it will not be buoyant (有浮力的) enough to float. Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key, so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle. I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it another try until I knew how
to handle the most difficult part,” she said.
The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going. In the past 18 years, she has drifted all year round, in cold winter and hot summer. As hanfu culture has been on the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while performing, creating a more beautiful scene. In 2020, Yang began to post her videos on social media. “I’m extremely proud to
get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.
It’s my mission to keep it alive and known to more people,” Yang Liu says.
37 ．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A ．Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills.
B ．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land.
C ．Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2,000 years ago.
D ．The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage.
38 ．What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting
A ．Keeping balance. B ．Maintaining a fixed angle.
C ．Finding the proper bamboo. D ．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands.
39 ．What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting
A ．Impossible. B ．Confusing. C ．Unbelievable. D ．Complicated.
(
40
．
Which of
the following
is a
suitable title
for the text
)
A ．Balancing with Grace B ．Yang Liu: a Creative Performer
C ．Transporting Bamboo down the River D ．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou
(
【答案】
37
．
A 38
．
A 39
．
C 40
．
A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产项目独竹漂。
37
．推理判断题。根据第一段
“
You
might
think
of
it
as
a
scene
from
martial
arts
movies
when
you
see
people
performing
graceful
moves
down
the
river,
all
standing
on
a
bamboo
strip,
but
actually
it
is
a
form
of intangible
cultural
heritage
(
非物质文化遗产
):
bamboo
drifting
. (
当你看到人们站在竹竿
上顺流而下时，你可能会认为这
是武侠片里的场景，
但实际上这是一种非物质文化遗产：独竹漂
。
)”
以及第二段末句
“Due to the great strength
and
balance
it
takes
for
one
t
o
master
this
act,
bamboo
drifting
was
included
in
the
national
intangible
cultural
heritage list in 2021. (
由于掌握这一动作需要巨大的力量和平衡，独竹漂于
2021
年被列入国家非物质文化遗
产名录。
)”
可知，独竹漂需要很多技能。故选
A
。
38
．推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句
““
Keeping
our
feet
firmly
positioned
on
the
narrow
bamboo
pole
is
the
key,
so we
should fight against the current
by
constantly
changing
the
angle.
I
lost
my
balance
and
fell
in
the
water
many
times
while practicing.
Once
I
fell,
I
gave
it
another
try until
I
knew
how
to
handle
the
most
difficult part,”
she said. (“
让我们的脚牢牢地站在狭窄的竹竿上是关键，
所以我们应该通过不断改变角度来对抗水流。在练
习的过程中，我多次失去平衡掉进水里。一旦我摔倒了，我就再试一次，直到我知道如何处理最困难的部
分。
”
她说。
)”
可知， 在狭窄的竹竿上站稳是关键，
杨柳在练习独竹
漂时会因失去平衡而摔倒。由此可推知，
独竹漂最大的挑战是保持平衡。故选
A
。
39
．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句
““I’m extremely proud to ge
t responses from viewers that bamboo
drifting
makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear. It’s my mission
to keep
it
alive
and
known
to
more
people,” Yang Liu says. (“
我非常自
豪地收到观众的回应， 他们认为竹子的漂流让可能与不可能之间的界限变
得模糊。我的使命是让它活下去， 让更多人知道它。
”
杨柳说。
)”
可知，
从观众那里得到
的反响是独竹漂让
“
可
能
”
和
“
不可能
”
之间的界限变得模糊，由此可推知，观众认为独竹漂是不可思议的。故选
C
。
40
．主旨大意题。通读全文，
尤其是根据第一段
“You might think of
it as a scene
from martial
arts movies
when
you
see people performing
graceful moves
down the river,
all
standing
on
a
bambo
o
strip,
but
actually
it
is
a
form
of
intangible cultural heritage (
非物质文化遗产
): bamboo drifting
. (
当你看到人们站在竹竿上顺流而下时， 你可
能会认为这是武侠片里的场景，但实际上这
是一种非物质文化遗产：独竹漂。
)”
以及第三段倒数第二三句
“Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key,
so we
should
fight
against
the
current by
constantly
changing
the
angle
.
I
lost
my
balance
and
fell
in
the
water
many
times
while
practicing
.
(
让我们的脚牢
牢地站在狭窄的竹竿上是关键，所以我们应该通
过不断改变角度来对抗水流。在练习的过程中，我多次失
去平衡掉进水里。
)”
可知，
文章主要介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产项目独竹漂。而优雅地在竹子上保持平衡
体现了独竹漂的特点，最适合作文章标题。故选
A
。
)

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