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2024年初三英语中考二轮复习 【语法专题】
定语从句高频考点用法总结（讲义）
This is the factory where my father once worked.
翻译：这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。
先行词——那些被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词或者词组。
关系副词——在从句中替代先行词出现，作一定状语成分的词。
1.先行词是一个地点
the place，the house，the school
关系副词多用where，
2.先行词表达一个时间，
time，day，date
关系副词多用when。
3.如果先行词表示一个原因reason
关系副词则多用why。
This is the factory where my father once worked.
这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。
正 No one knows the reason why he suddenly died.
正 No one knows the reason that he suddenly died.
正 No one knows the reason ( ) he suddenly died.
翻译：没人知道他为什么突然死了。
先行词是原因 reason，关系副词，有三种可能性。
可以用why，that，或者省略。
No one knows the reason he suddenly died.正确
The reason that he changed his mind is not clear.
他改变主意的原因还不清楚。
That's the reason ( ) she dislikes him.
这就是她不喜欢他的原因。
I don't know the reason why there are so many popstars who take drugs. 我不知道现在为什么会有这么多流行歌手吸毒。
正 I'll never forget the day when I was born.
正 I'll never forget the day in which I was born.
翻译：我永远不会忘记我出生的那一天。
关系副词，和关系代词可以相互替换：
【关系副词=介词in/on/at + which】
I'll never forget the day when I was born.
when=in which
I'll never forget the day in which I was born.
介词，满足一个要求：
必须与从句中的动词，形成固定搭配
born：be born in 出生于...地方。
I was born in January 28,1991.
He was born in January 3,2008.
when=in which
This is the factory where he works.
固定搭配: work at the factory
(factory是小地点，用at the factory，下一讲介词篇会讲到)
This is the factory at which he works.
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
live，搭配的介词是 in
固定搭配: live in somewhere
I live in Beijing.
He lives in Hong Kong.
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
考点点睛
我们首先要明确，两个概念，一个是先行词，他所指的，就那些被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词或者是词组。而第二个概念，是关系副词，他所指的，就是在从句中替代先行词出现，而作一定状语成分的那个词。
咱们看2个例句，There is the place where he works.这里的place就是先行词，而where就是替代它，在从句中出现的关系副词。再看一句，There is the reason why he was late.有一个他为什么迟到的原因。在这里reason就是先行词，而why就是一个关系副词。
我们说在定语从句中，关系副词的使用，都是符合一定规则的，首先，如果先行词是一个地点，例如the place，the house，或者the school等，那么关系副词则多用where，第二，如果先行词表示一个时间，像是time，day，或者date等等，关系副词则多用when。第三，如果先行词表示一个原因reason，那么关系副词，则多用why。咱们看第一句话话This is the factory where my father once worked.本句话里，先行词是代词factory，很明显，他是在表示一个地点，因此，此时的关系副词，就得用where，而不是其他一些词。
再看第二句话。No one knows the reason why he suddenly died.可能有些同学会疑问，这里的先行词，不是reason吗，为什么关系副词除了用why，还可以用that呢，其实在英语当中，表示原因，是一个特殊的存在，当先行词是reason时，关系副词，有三种可能性，它即可以用why，他可以用that，甚至，还能够直接省略，因此，这句话还可以表达成，No one knows the reason he suddenly died.它也是一种正确的形式。咱们再看几个例句，The reason that he changed his mind is not clear.,That's the reason she dislikes him.以及I don't know the reason why there are so many popstars who take drugs. 我不知道现在为什么会有这么多流行歌手吸毒。等等，他们都是正确的。
最后我们看第三句话。I'll never forget the day when I was born.我永远不会忘记我出生的那一天。我们说定语从句当中，关系副词，和关系代词是可以相互替换的，他们之间的关系是，关系副词=介词in/on/at+关系代词which的形式。比如这句话中的关系副词when，他就可以变成，in which，因此这句话就变成了，I'll never forget the day in which I was born.讲到这里大家会疑惑，为什么介词用了in，而没有用on，或者at呢？其实很简单，我们说在这里的介词，的满足一个要求，他得是那种，天然地可与从句中的动词，形成固定搭配的介词，才可以，比如说本句话中从句的动词是born，而be born in就是一个天然的固定搭配：出生于...地方。例如，I was born in January 28,1991，He was born in January 3,2008，等等，因此，在这里的when，就得变成，in which，才是正确的。
咱们再看几个句子，This is the factory where he works.因为work at the factory是一个固定搭配，因此，这句话就可以变成，This is the factory at which he works.咱们如果换一个动词啊，就立马不一样了。比如这句，This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.,在这里，从句中的live，它天然的搭配的介词是in，live in somewhere，比如，I live in Beijing，he lives in Hong Kong等等，因此，这句话就只能变成，This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.我们说只有与从句的动词，能够形成固定搭配的那些介词，才是我们真正需要的。
补充拓展
［误］He is such a man which never tells a lie.
［正］He is such a man who never tells a lie.
翻译：他是个从不说谎的人。
先行词——被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词，词组。
关系代词——在从句中替代先行词出现，而作一定成分的那个词。
先行词是人，关系代词则多用who
先行词是物，关系代词则多用which。
He is such a man who never tells a lie.
［误］The man I talked is Mr. Li.
［正］The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
［正］The man I talked to is Mr. Li.
翻译：和我谈话的那个人是李先生。
the man在从句中，做宾语的成分。
如果先行词在表达人，并且在从句中做宾语
通常用whom来引导
talked to the man——介宾
to不提前到whom前面，whom可以省略。
The man I talked to is Mr. Li.
to提前到了whom的前面，whom不能省略。
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
The classmate I played with is Tom.
The classmate with whom I played is Tom.
He is my brother I lent 200yuan to.
He is my brother to whom I lent 200yuan.
［误］I saw a woman who's bag was stolen.
［正］I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
翻译：我看到一个女人的包被偷了。
先行词在从句中，用其所有格的形式时
要用关系代词：whose，表示先行词的所有格
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
请给我看看封面是红色的那本书。（书的封面）
The house whose roof was blown away will be rebuilt soon.
屋顶被吹走的那座房子不久将被重建。（房子的屋顶）
The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.
那个父亲是教授的男孩是我最好的朋友之一。（朋友的父亲）

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