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德保高中2024年春季学期高一年级开学考试试卷
英 语
(总分：150 分 考试时间：120 分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which part of the man’s phone doesn’t satisfy him
A. The screen. B. The battery. C. The camera.
2. What is the man mostly excited about
A. Getting a new pet. B. Discussing his weekend plans. C. Talking to the woman.
3. What is the man probably doing for the woman
A. Giving her a birthday present.
B. Delivering some packages to her.
C. Signing a package for her.
4. Where are the speakers probably
A. At a station. B. On a train. C. At a college.
5. What does the man offer to do for the woman
A. Help her write songs.
B. Become her business manager.
C. Find her a new recording studio.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the man learn about the fire
A On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
7. How does the woman feel
A. Angry. B. Relaxed. C. Confused.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. When was the bird seen
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the early evening.
9. Where was the bird seen
A. In a tree. B. On a wall. C. On the grass.
10. Who recognized the bird
A. The man. B. The man’s son. C. The man’s daughter.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11 What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Employer and employee.
12. Why is the woman quitting her job
A. She has a new job. B. She is going traveling. C. She needs to take care of her children.
13. What time will the woman’s leaving party start
A. At 8:00 p.m. B. At 7:00 p.m. C. At 6:00 p.m.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What’s the conversation mainly about
A. Christmas traditions in the US.
B. A tour in the US for the first time.
C. Christmas celebration in New York.
15. What is the woman most looking forward to
A. Cooking a special meal for the group.
B. Seeing a snowy day on Christmas.
C. Staying at her house in the countryside.
16. How many people will be in the man’s home in total
A. Ten. B. Eight. C. Six.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to
A. His son. B. His friend. C. His students.
18. Where did the speaker first arrive on his trip
A. In Australia. B. In China. C. In India.
19. How did the speaker earn money in Australia
A. By teaching at a school.
B. By getting a job at an office.
C. By painting homes.
20. What is the speaker’s main suggestion
A. Traveling to as many places as possible.
B. Exploring many options when you’re young.
C. Trying to earn some money in your teens.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
When I was a teenager growing up in Russia, I felt studying very boring. I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do this-working in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told my father that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he took me by surprise when he said, “OK. We'll go to the toy factory.”
Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager.
When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around. ” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home. ”
He asked me, “What do you think of the factory ”
“It's terrible, ”I replied.
“And you have another choice, but I think getting married is even worse!” he said.
I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could. Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, I now work at the United Nations and my father is very proud of me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory!
1. The writer lived in __________ when she was a teenager.
A. Japan B. Russia C. China D. England
2. At first she thought life in the factory would be __________ than in school.
A. more terrible B. more colorful C. busier D. more boring
3. After they visited the factory, the writer __________ .
A. decided to work there B. wanted to get married
C. changed her romantic idea D. argued with her father
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. The writer studied languages after she went into the college.
B. The writer now works at the United Nations.
C. The writer's father used a special way to let his daughter go back to school.
D. The writer's father is proud because his daughter married a good man.
B
Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old asked Alexa to get them. Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter. It was a voice-activated(声控的) home assistant powered by artificial intelligence(AI). Alexa comes with the Amazon Echo device(回波装置). And it made Brooke's wishes come true. After being reported on TV, Alexa devices in many listeners' homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses!
Alexa isn't the only AI willing to order up treats for you. Apple Homepod has Siri, Google Home has its Assistant, and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who own these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers. According to a report from The Information, people don't often do voice shopping. They do it mainly to order simple things like paper towels. But many experts predict a boom(繁荣) in voice shopping in the near future.
Convenience is the main benefit of voice shopping. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you're cooking or driving. Besides, people who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without assistance.
But voice shopping has its downsides. Unwanted things aren’t the biggest problem. It's usually very easy to cancel an order or return items. The surprising thing is that these assistants are always listening. They have to be able to respond when you want them. So they listen for ''Alexa'' or ''OK Google'' or another command. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people's shopping habits What if someone hacks(非法侵入) the device What if someone hacks smart TVs to turn them into spies that listen all the time
5. What is Alexa
A. A TV reporter. B. A friend of Brooke.
C. A voice-activated device. D. A cookie maker.
6. What can you learn from paragraph2
A. Alexa is the best AI device.
B. People buy various things through voice shopping.
C. People use Bixby mainly for listening to music.
D. Voice shopping may have a bright future.
7. What is the author's attitude towards Alexa devices
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful.
C. Objective. D. Negative.
8. What's the best title of the text
A. How did Brooke' wishes come true B. The voice-activated home assistant-Alexa
C. How can we start voice shopping D. What convenience do Alexa devices bring
C
For most of my adult life, I’ve felt slightly ashamed —not of something I’ve done, but of something I haven’t. Although I’m an independent person who has been to numerous countries, I’ve never gone on an overseas holiday alone. I’ve traveled with my parents, partners, kids and other families. I’ve travelled with my pet and joined tours where I knew no one but came out with lifelong friends.
But for a while, my failure to travel alone felt like a mistake. Solo travel is celebrated. I’ve seen a thousand pieces written by adventurous women who claim to have found themselves by crossing countries alone. Traveling solo makes you capable, they say. It pushes you out of your comfort zone. Every woman should travel alone at least once in her life!
And yet, I’ve never had an urge to do it. For one thing, I need a lot of people contact. A single day without meaningful conversation can leave me feeling depressed. Proper, engaging conversation is difficult when traveling alone. Even if you’re good at chatting with strangers, it isn’t always possible. I don’t want to worry about being alone on my travels. I want support and company during my adventures. I used to see this desire to be with others as some sort of flaw, but now I see it as a valid choice.
Traveling solo builds resilience. But so does life. I am a single parent raising three children while trying to juggle a career. I make endless decisions alone and deal with crises alone. I manage loneliness and fear. I don’t need to travel alone to build resilience. I have resilience in spades, I’m sure travelling overseas would push me further out of comfort zone. But you know what else pushed me out of my comfort zone Being single in a society that values marriage. Earning a living in a difficult industry. Dating men I’ve met on an app. My life is effortful enough. I don’t need my travels to be effortful too.
Travel is incredibly valuable, no matter what your stage of life. It teaches you how diverse the world is and how to appreciate your culture in relation to another. It stretches your mind and gives you a new viewpoint.
And you don’t need a solo journey to become an independent woman. I assure you that life will get you there in the end.
9. What does the author feel a bit ashamed of
A. Her lack of independence. B. Her failure to travel overseas.
C. Not being adventurous enough. D. Not having travelled on her own abroad
10. Why is solo travel applauded by adventurous women
A. It is both relaxing and empowering. B. They can better appreciate different cultures.
C. They get to know themselves better. D. It forces them to face their deepest fear.
11. What does the author mean by saying “I have resilience in spades” in paragraph 4
A. She has had enough of resilience.
B. She doesn’t want to travel solo with spades.
C. She doesn’t need solo traveling to build character.
D. She has gone through many difficulties in life to have great resilience.
12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Walking out of comfort zone B. Solo travel is unnecessary
C. Life is travelling solo D. Being an independent woman
D
Elizabeth Blackwell is a British-born woman physician. She was born in 1821 in England. Her father decided to move the family to the United States in 1812 after his factory was destroyed by fire. It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman. Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted to study in a medical school. But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.
Elizabeth discussed it with her family. Her family supported her. However, all the medical colleges refused her except Geneva Medical College in New. York. When she graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1839, she became the first woman in America to earn the M. D. degree. She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later. Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856. Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857. After establishing the infirmary. Elizabeth Blackwell went on a year-long lecture tour of Great. Britain. Her lectures and personal example inspired more women to take up medicine as a profession.
When the American Civil War broke out, the Blackwell sisters aided in nursing efforts. After the end of the war, Elizabeth Blackwell carried out a plan that she had developed together, with her friend Florence Nightingale while in England. She opened the Women’s Medical College with, her sister. This. college was operated under her sister’s management. She moved to England the next year. There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.
As her health declined, Blackwell gave up the practice of medicine in the late 1870s, though she still campaigned for reform (改革). May 1910, she died at home in England.
13. What probably made Elizabeth determine to learn medicine
A. Her family’s expectation. B. Her interest in medicine.
C. Her friend’s suggestion. D. Her friend’s medical talent.
14. How old was Elizabeth when she opened the hospital for women and children
A. 8. B. 10. C. 36. D. 37.
15. Who was in charge of the Women’s Medical College
A. Marie Zakrzewska. B. Emily Blackwell.
C. Elizabeth Blackwell. D. Florence Nightingale.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
It comes as no surprise that exercise is good for your health. Positive changes happen to your body before, during, and after a workout. ___16___
Build up your body
There are quite a few scientific reasons to do strength training. It makes muscles (肌肉) bigger and bones stronger, thus lowering the risk for certain diseases. Running is an easy but effective way to help build your muscles. ___17___ But a recent study found that a short run can benefit the legs in the short term. And for now, experts say running has more benefits than risks.
Improve your brainpower
Exercise can help your brain, not just your body. Physical activity helps brain cells (细胞) grow. ___18___ That’s because physical exercise quickly increases a person's heart rate and carries more blood to the brain, improving the brainpower.
Establish a mind-body connection
Too much stress can lead to inflammation (炎症)___19___ But simple mind-body exercises like yoga can not only reduce inflammation but also lower the risk of depression. New research shows they can even change your genes to fight off poor health. Research proves that even just 15 minutes a day of practicing mindfulness seems to do the trick.
___20___ National guidelines recommend more than two hours of physical activity each week. But science says people who pack that amount into one or two days get about the same benefits. Either way, get moving is the key!
A. It is the body’s painful response to injury and overuse.
B. Mindful exercises can improve your long-term well-being.
C. Then what is the proper amount of exercise you should take
D. And moving more appears to lower the chances of memory loss.
E. Recent research shows more detail about the benefits of exercise.
F. Exercise can also help people deal better with anger and feel happier.
G. Some believe the activity can damage the knees or cause other injuries.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41─55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am one of those rare people who had a perfect childhood. Everything I saw was new, wonderful and exciting. I was ___21___ whether it was rainy or dry, whether it was hot or cold, whether it was night or day. I just wanted to ___22___ all the things around me.
For me the only big ___23___ was that I was awake or asleep. When I was awake, I wanted to ___24___ the time just for playing with my friends. In school, we had many interesting activities and hobby classes, which ___25___ between singing, dancing and drama and drawing. My life was full of sunshine and happiness.
But I can’t ___26___ time. When I reached my teens I started to realize there was a different ___27___ of life. I no longer had enough time for little things—discovering a rainbow was not ___28___ , looking at a giraffe in the zoo was normal, and ___29___ a building with 50 floors was not amazing. A rainy day was a ____30____ day because the traffic was slow, and the first day of spring ____31____ me of allergies (过敏). Life moves on again. The first day of the month is not just the beginning of a new month; it’s the time to ____32____ bills. Going to the supermarket is a ____33____ ; it is not just fun walking around, looking for things and seeing the people around me.
Life is a ____34____ in which everyone has many obligations (责任), but if everyone tried to see life through the eyes of a child, I am sure that every day could be ____35____ .
21. A. anxious B. grateful C. confident D. happy
22. A. demand B. introduce C. discover D. affect
23 A. expectation B. victory C. treasure D. difference
24. A. reduce B. waste C. lengthen D. pass
25. A. vary B. benefit C. result D. suffer
26. A. save B. record C. tell D. stop
27. A. way B. choice C. side D. function
28. A. challenging B. disturbing C. boring D. surprising
29. A. painting B. seeing C. purchasing D. sharing
30. A. bad B. specific C. favorite D. wonderful
31. A. informed B. reminded C. persuaded D. freed
32. A. show off B. send out C. add to D. think about
33. A. trend B. duty C. burden D. rule
34. A. process B. reward C. lesson D. skill
35. A. worse B. shorter C. better D. slower
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2021 was 485,000 yuan for a first child, ___36___ is far more than ___37___ in the United States and Japan. The high cost of child-raising is one more ___38___ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while ___39___ (deal) with rapidly decreasing birth rates. Experts warn China’s aging population will put pressure ___40___ its health and social security systems. A decrease in workers could also ___41___ (severe) limit growth for the world’s second-largest economy in the coming years.
New policies permit ___42___ (family) to have as many as three children. But China`s birth rate dropped to 7.52 births per 1,000 people in 2021. That is the ___43___ (low) since the National Bureau of Statistics` began recording the information in 1949. The high costs of raising a child ___44___ (cause) officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. Some areas have been giving couples money for having ___45___ second or third child.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你叫贝利，是一家英文杂志社的心理咨询师。某中学生小王给你写信，提到自己偏胖，想节食减肥，征求你的意见。请你给她回一封信，谈谈你对该问题的见解。内容要点如下：
1．健康比漂亮重要
2．学生以学习为主，不要过于注重外貌和别人的看法
3．可以通过多锻炼身体来保持健康，要改变不良的饮食习惯
4．健康的心态也很重要
注意：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥
2．词数：100词左右
3．参考词汇：心态state of mind 外貌appearance
Dear Xiao Wang,
I have received and read your letter, in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。
Michelle was eight years old when she heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Jack, now only an infant(婴儿). He was very sick and they were completely out of money. Only a very costly operation could save Jack the baby now but there was no one to whom they could turn for the money needed. She heard Daddy say to her tearful Mom, “Only a miracle can save him now.”
At the words, Michelle went to her bedroom and took out all the coins from her little moneybox. After counting the coins three times, she slipped out the back door and made her way to the drug store six blocks away . . .
She waited for a long time before the pharmacist(药剂师）turned around and asked her. “And what do you want ”
“Well, it's' about my brother,” Michelle answered . “He's really, really sick . . . and 1 want to buy a miracle.”
“I beg your pardon ”said the pharmacist. “His name is Jack and he has something very bad growing inside his body and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him now. So how much does a miracle cost ”
“We don't sell miracles here, little girl .I'm sorry but I can't help you, ” the pharmacist said. “Listen, I have money to pay for it.” And with these words, Mich poured out all the coins from her pockets. At this time, a well-dressed man behind Michelle stooped down and ask the little girl. “I'm selling the miracle you want. Tell me how much money you have.”
“One dollar and eleven cents, ” Michelle answered in a low voice. “And it's all the money I have, but I can some more if I need to.”
“Well, ” smiled the man. “A dollar and eleven cents— the exact price of a miracle for little brothers. Show me the place where your brothers lives.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1 :
Holding the man's hand firmly , Michelle took him home.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When asked why he chose to help the family, the man detailed,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1-5 BCBAB 6-10 BCAAC 11-15 ACACB 16-20 AACCB德保高中2024年春季学期高一年级开学考试试卷
英 语
(总分：150 分 考试时间：120 分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which part of the man’s phone doesn’t satisfy him
A. The screen. B. The battery. C. The camera.
2. What is the man mostly excited about
A. Getting a new pet. B. Discussing his weekend plans. C. Talking to the woman.
3. What is the man probably doing for the woman
A. Giving her a birthday present.
B. Delivering some packages to her.
C. Signing a package for her.
4. Where are the speakers probably
A. At a station. B. On a train. C. At a college.
5 What does the man offer to do for the woman
A. Help her write songs.
B. Become her business manager.
C. Find her a new recording studio.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the man learn about the fire
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
7. How does the woman feel
A. Angry. B. Relaxed. C. Confused.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. When was the bird seen
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the early evening.
9. Where was the bird seen
A. In a tree. B. On a wall. C. On the grass.
10. Who recognized the bird
A. The man. B. The man’s son. C. The man’s daughter.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Employer and employee.
12. Why is the woman quitting her job
A. She has a new job. B. She is going traveling. C. She needs to take care of her children.
13. What time will the woman’s leaving party start
A. At 8:00 p.m. B. At 7:00 p.m. C. At 6:00 p.m.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What’s the conversation mainly about
A. Christmas traditions in the US.
B A tour in the US for the first time.
C. Christmas celebration in New York.
15. What is the woman most looking forward to
A. Cooking a special meal for the group.
B. Seeing a snowy day on Christmas.
C. Staying at her house in the countryside.
16. How many people will be in the man’s home in total
A. Ten. B. Eight. C. Six.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to
A. His son. B. His friend. C. His students.
18. Where did the speaker first arrive on his trip
A. In Australia. B. In China. C. In India.
19. How did the speaker earn money in Australia
A. By teaching at a school.
B. By getting a job at an office.
C. By painting homes.
20. What is the speaker’s main suggestion
A. Traveling to as many places as possible.
B. Exploring many options when you’re young.
C. Trying to earn some money in your teens.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
When I was a teenager growing up in Russia, I felt studying very boring. I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do this-working in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told my father that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he took me by surprise when he said, “OK. We'll go to the toy factory.”
Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager.
When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around. ” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home. ”
He asked me “What do you think of the factory ”
“It's terrible, ”I replied.
“And you have another choice, but I think getting married is even worse!” he said.
I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could. Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, I now work at the United Nations and my father is very proud of me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory!
1. The writer lived in __________ when she was a teenager.
A. Japan B. Russia C. China D. England
2. At first she thought life in the factory would be __________ than in school.
A. more terrible B. more colorful C. busier D. more boring
3. After they visited the factory, the writer __________ .
A. decided to work there B. wanted to get married
C. changed her romantic idea D. argued with her father
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. The writer studied languages after she went into the college.
B. The writer now works at the United Nations.
C. The writer's father used a special way to let his daughter go back to school.
D. The writer's father is proud because his daughter married a good man.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在青少年时期对学习感到无聊，想要离开学校过自己的生活，但父亲鼓励她去工厂实习后，她发现工厂的状况很糟糕，于是决定回到学校努力学习，最终进入了一所好大学，并且现在在联合国工作，过上了比在工厂工作要好得多的生活。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“When I was a teenager growing up in Russia, I felt studying very boring. (当我十几岁的时候在俄罗斯长大，我觉得学习很无聊。)”可知，作者十几岁的时候住在俄罗斯。故选B。
2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. (我有一个非常浪漫的想法，想在工厂工作。我曾经想象每个人都是友好的，一起工作，玩得开心。)”可知，起初作者认为在工厂上班要比在学校更有意思的。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home. ”(我在工厂里走了一圈，看了看建筑，看了看工人，听了听噪音。太可怕了。我跑回爸爸身边说:“我想回家。”)”以及第五段““It's terrible, ”I replied. (“太可怕了，”我回答。)”可知，作者参观了工厂后认为在工厂工作是糟糕的，因此改变了作者之前的浪漫想法。故选C。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, I now work at the United Nations and my father is very proud of me.(感谢我的父亲和我们的工厂之旅，我现在在联合国工作，我的父亲为我感到非常自豪。)”可知，父亲因为我的工作而感到骄傲。D选项“The writer's father is proud because his daughter married a good man.(作家的父亲很骄傲，因为他的女儿嫁给了一个好男人。)”与原文信息不符。故选D。
B
Brooke wanted a dollhouse and some sugar cookies. So the 6-year-old asked Alexa to get them. Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter. It was a voice-activated(声控的) home assistant powered by artificial intelligence(AI). Alexa comes with the Amazon Echo device(回波装置). And it made Brooke's wishes come true. After being reported on TV, Alexa devices in many listeners' homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses!
Alexa isn't the only AI willing to order up treats for you. Apple Homepod has Siri, Google Home has its Assistant, and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who own these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers. According to a report from The Information, people don't often do voice shopping. They do it mainly to order simple things like paper towels. But many experts predict a boom(繁荣) in voice shopping in the near future.
Convenience is the main benefit of voice shopping. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you're cooking or driving. Besides, people who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without assistance.
But voice shopping has its downsides. Unwanted things aren’t the biggest problem. It's usually very easy to cancel an order or return items. The surprising thing is that these assistants are always listening. They have to be able to respond when you want them. So they listen for ''Alexa'' or ''OK Google'' or another command. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people's shopping habits What if someone hacks(非法侵入) the device What if someone hacks smart TVs to turn them into spies that listen all the time
5. What is Alexa
A. A TV reporter. B. A friend of Brooke.
C. A voice-activated device. D. A cookie maker.
6. What can you learn from paragraph2
A. Alexa is the best AI device.
B. People buy various things through voice shopping.
C. People use Bixby mainly for listening to music.
D. Voice shopping may have a bright future.
7. What is the author's attitude towards Alexa devices
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful.
C. Objective. D. Negative.
8. What's the best title of the text
A. How did Brooke' wishes come true B. The voice-activated home assistant-Alexa
C. How can we start voice shopping D. What convenience do Alexa devices bring
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要通过Brooke利用人工智能语音激活的家庭助手买了一件玩具屋和一些甜点的故事，介绍了声控购物的利与弊。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter. It was a voice-activated(声控的) home assistant powered by artificial intelligence(AI).(Alexa不是她的妈妈或者保姆。它是一个声控的家庭助手，是一种人工智能设备)可知，Alexa是一种声控的人工智能设备。C. A voice-activated device.(一种语音激活的设备)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的But many experts predict a boom(繁荣) in voice shopping in the near future.(但是很多专家预测在不久的将来声控购物会是繁荣的)可知，声控购物可能会有一个美好的未来。D. Voice shopping may have a bright future.(声控购物可能有一个光明的未来)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的Convenience is the main benefit of voice shopping.(便利是声控购物的主要好处) 和第四段的But voice shopping has its downsides.(但 ，声控购物有它的缺点)可知，作者既讲了声控购物的有点，也讲了它的缺点。由此推测，作者对声控购物持的态度是客观的。C. Objective.(客观的)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter. It was a voice-activated(声控的) home assistant powered by artificial intelligence(AI).( Alexa不是她的妈妈或者保姆。它是一个声控的家庭助手，是一种人工智能设备)可知，本文主要通过Brooke利用人工智能语音激活的家庭助手——Alexa买了一件玩具屋和一些甜点的故事，介绍了声控购物的利与弊。B. The voice-activated home assistant-Alexa(声音激活家庭助理——Alexa)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。
C
For most of my adult life, I’ve felt slightly ashamed —not of something I’ve done, but of something I haven’t. Although I’m an independent person who has been to numerous countries, I’ve never gone on an overseas holiday alone. I’ve traveled with my parents, partners, kids and other families. I’ve travelled with my pet and joined tours where I knew no one but came out with lifelong friends.
But for a while, my failure to travel alone felt like a mistake. Solo travel is celebrated. I’ve seen a thousand pieces written by adventurous women who claim to have found themselves by crossing countries alone. Traveling solo makes you capable, they say. It pushes you out of your comfort zone. Every woman should travel alone at least once in her life!
And yet, I’ve never had an urge to do it. For one thing, I need a lot of people contact. A single day without meaningful conversation can leave me feeling depressed. Proper, engaging conversation is difficult when traveling alone. Even if you’re good at chatting with strangers, it isn’t always possible. I don’t want to worry about being alone on my travels. I want support and company during my adventures. I used to see this desire to be with others as some sort of flaw, but now I see it as a valid choice.
Traveling solo builds resilience. But so does life. I am a single parent raising three children while trying to juggle a career. I make endless decisions alone and deal with crises alone. I manage loneliness and fear. I don’t need to travel alone to build resilience. I have resilience in spades, I’m sure travelling overseas would push me further out of comfort zone. But you know what else pushed me out of my comfort zone Being single in a society that values marriage. Earning a living in a difficult industry. Dating men I’ve met on an app. My life is effortful enough. I don’t need my travels to be effortful too.
Travel is incredibly valuable, no matter what your stage of life. It teaches you how diverse the world is and how to appreciate your culture in relation to another. It stretches your mind and gives you a new viewpoint.
And you don’t need a solo journey to become an independent woman. I assure you that life will get you there in the end.
9. What does the author feel a bit ashamed of
A. Her lack of independence. B. Her failure to travel overseas.
C. Not being adventurous enough. D. Not having travelled on her own abroad
10. Why is solo travel applauded by adventurous women
A. It is both relaxing and empowering. B. They can better appreciate different cultures.
C. They get to know themselves better. D. It forces them to face their deepest fear.
11. What does the author mean by saying “I have resilience in spades” in paragraph 4
A. She has had enough of resilience.
B. She doesn’t want to travel solo with spades.
C. She doesn’t need solo traveling to build character.
D. She has gone through many difficulties in life to have great resilience.
12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Walking out of comfort zone B. Solo travel is unnecessary
C. Life is travelling solo D. Being an independent woman
【答案】9. D 10. C 11. D 12. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自身经历出发，论述了对独自旅行的看法，独自旅行能增强韧性，但作者因为经历过许多困难，已经有韧性了，所以作者认为要成为一个独立的女人，你不需要一个人的旅程。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“For most of my adult life, I’ve felt sightly ashamed —not of something I’ve done, but of something I haven’t. Although I’m an independent person who has been to numerous countries, I’ve never gone on an overseas holiday alone.(在我成年后的大部分时间里，我都为我没有做过的事而感到羞愧。虽然我是一个独立的人，去过很多国家，但我从来没有一个人出国度假)”可知，作者感到有点羞愧的是没有独自出国旅行。故选 D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Solo travel is celebrated. I’ve seen a thousand pieces written by adventurous women who claim to have found themselves by crossing countries alone.(独自旅行很受欢迎。我看过上千篇冒险的女性写的文章，她们声称自己通过独自穿越国家找到了自我)”可知，独自旅行受到喜欢冒险的女性的欢迎因为她们更好地了解自己。故选C。
【11题详解】
句意猜测题。根据画线部分上文“I am a single parent raising three children while trying to juggle a career. I make endless decisions alone and deal with crises alone. I manage loneliness and fear. I don’t need to travel alone to build resilience.”可知，作者是一个抚养三个孩子的单亲妈妈，同时还要努力兼顾事业。总是一个人做决定，一个人处理危机，作者能控制孤独和恐惧，所以不需要独自旅行来培养韧性，因为她经历了生活中的许多困难，才有了很大的韧性。故画线部分意思是“她经历了生活中的许多困难，才有了很大的韧性”。故选D。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“And you don’t need a solo journey to become an independent woman. I assure you that life will get you there in the end.(要成为一个独立的女人，你不需要一个人的旅程。我向你保证，生活最终会把你带到那里)”结合文章说明了作者从自身经历出发，论述了对独自旅行的看法，独自旅行能增强韧性，但作者因为经历过许多困难，已经有韧性了，所以作者认为要成为一个独立的女人，你不需要独自旅程。故B选项“没有必要独自旅行”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
D
Elizabeth Blackwell is a British-born woman physician. She was born in 1821 in England. Her father decided to move the family to the United States in 1812 after his factory was destroyed by fire. It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman. Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted to study in a medical school. But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.
Elizabeth discussed it with her family. Her family supported her. However, all the medical colleges refused her except Geneva Medical College in New. York. When she graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1839, she became the first woman in America to earn the M. D. degree. She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later. Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856. Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857. After establishing the infirmary. Elizabeth Blackwell went on a year-long lecture tour of Great. Britain. Her lectures and personal example inspired more women to take up medicine as a profession.
When the American Civil War broke out, the Blackwell sisters aided in nursing efforts. After the end of the war, Elizabeth Blackwell carried out a plan that she had developed together, with her friend Florence Nightingale while in England. She opened the Women’s Medical College with, her sister. This. college was operated under her sister’s management. She moved to England the next year. There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.
As her health declined, Blackwell gave up the practice of medicine in the late 1870s, though she still campaigned for reform (改革). May 1910, she died at home in England.
13. What probably made Elizabeth determine to learn medicine
A. Her family’s expectation. B. Her interest in medicine.
C. Her friend’s suggestion. D. Her friend’s medical talent.
14. How old was Elizabeth when she opened the hospital for women and children
A. 8. B. 10. C. 36. D. 37.
15. Who was in charge of the Women’s Medical College
A. Marie Zakrzewska. B. Emily Blackwell.
C. Elizabeth Blackwell. D. Florence Nightingale.
【答案】13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国第一位获得医学博士学位的女性医生Elizabeth Blackwell的一生以及她为医学做出的贡献。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.(但在提出建议的朋友去世后，她开始认真考虑这个想法)”可知，是朋友的建议让伊丽莎白决定学医。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She was born in 1821 in England.(她于1821年出生在英国)”以及第二段“Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857.(1857年，他们与玛丽·扎克泽夫斯卡医生一起开办了纽约妇女儿童医院)”可知，当伊丽莎白开办妇幼医院时，她36岁（1857—1821=36）。故选C项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“She opened the Women’s Medical College with, her sister. This college was operated under her sister’s management.(她和妹妹一起创办了女子医学院。这所学院是由她妹妹管理的)”以及第二段“Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856.(她的妹妹艾米丽·布莱克威尔医生于1856年加入了她的行列)”可知，负责管理女子医学院的是Emily Blackwell。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
It comes as no surprise that exercise is good for your health. Positive changes happen to your body before, during, and after a workout. ___16___
Build up your body
There are quite a few scientific reasons to do strength training. It makes muscles (肌肉) bigger and bones stronger, thus lowering the risk for certain diseases. Running is an easy but effective way to help build your muscles. ___17___ But a recent study found that a short run can benefit the legs in the short term. And for now, experts say running has more benefits than risks.
Improve your brainpower
Exercise can help your brain, not just your body. Physical activity helps brain cells (细胞) grow. ___18___ That’s because physical exercise quickly increases a person's heart rate and carries more blood to the brain, improving the brainpower.
Establish a mind-body connection
Too much stress can lead to inflammation (炎症).___19___ But simple mind-body exercises like yoga can not only reduce inflammation but also lower the risk of depression. New research shows they can even change your genes to fight off poor health. Research proves that even just 15 minutes a day of practicing mindfulness seems to do the trick.
___20___ National guidelines recommend more than two hours of physical activity each week. But science says people who pack that amount into one or two days get about the same benefits. Either way, get moving is the key!
A. It is the body’s painful response to injury and overuse.
B. Mindful exercises can improve your long-term well-being.
C. Then what is the proper amount of exercise you should take
D. And moving more appears to lower the chances of memory loss.
E. Recent research shows more detail about the benefits of exercise.
F. Exercise can also help people deal better with anger and feel happier.
G. Some believe the activity can damage the knees or cause other injuries.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。锻炼对你的健康有好处，在锻炼前，锻炼中，锻炼后，你的身体会发生积极的变化。本文介绍了更多关于锻炼益处的细节。
【16题详解】
上文提示“在锻炼前，锻炼中，锻炼后，你的身体会发生积极的变化。”承接上文，E项Recent research shows more detail about the benefits of exercise.(最近的研究显示了更多关于锻炼益处的细节)切题。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文提示“跑步是一种简单但有效的锻炼肌肉的方法。”再根据下文提示“但是最近的一项研究发现，短时间的跑步对腿有好处。”承接上下文，G项Some believe the activity can damage the knees or cause other injuries.(一些人认为这种活动会损害膝盖或导致其他伤害)切题。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文提示“体育活动有助于脑细胞生长。”再根据下文提示“这是因为体育锻炼能快速提高人的心率，并为大脑输送更多的血液，从而提高脑力。”承接上下文，D项And moving more appears to lower the chances of memory loss.(更多的运动似乎可以降低失忆的几率)切题。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据上文提示“压力过大会导致炎症。”再根据下文提示“但是简单的身心运动，比如瑜伽，不仅可以减少炎症，还可以降低抑郁的风险。”承接上下文，A项It is the body's painful response to injury and overuse.(它是身体对受伤和过度使用的痛苦反应)切题。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据下文提示“国家指南建议每周进行两小时以上的体育锻炼。”承接下文，C项Then what is the proper amount of exercise you should take (那么你应该进行的适当运动量是多少呢？)切题。故选C。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41─55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am one of those rare people who had a perfect childhood. Everything I saw was new, wonderful and exciting. I was ___21___ whether it was rainy or dry, whether it was hot or cold, whether it was night or day. I just wanted to ___22___ all the things around me.
For me the only big ___23___ was that I was awake or asleep. When I was awake, I wanted to ___24___ the time just for playing with my friends. In school, we had many interesting activities and hobby classes, which ___25___ between singing, dancing and drama and drawing. My life was full of sunshine and happiness.
But I can’t ___26___ time. When I reached my teens, I started to realize there was a different ___27___ of life. I no longer had enough time for little things—discovering a rainbow was not ___28___ , looking at a giraffe in the zoo was normal, and ___29___ a building with 50 floors was not amazing. A rainy day was a ____30____ day because the traffic was slow, and the first day of spring ____31____ me of allergies (过敏). Life moves on again. The first day of the month is not just the beginning of a new month; it’s the time to ____32____ bills. Going to the supermarket is a ____33____ ; it is not just fun walking around, looking for things and seeing the people around me.
Life is a ____34____ in which everyone has many obligations (责任), but if everyone tried to see life through the eyes of a child, I am sure that every day could be ____35____ .
21. A. anxious B. grateful C. confident D. happy
22. A. demand B. introduce C. discover D. affect
23. A. expectation B. victory C. treasure D. difference
24. A. reduce B. waste C. lengthen D. pass
25. A. vary B. benefit C. result D. suffer
26. A. save B. record C. tell D. stop
27. A. way B. choice C. side D. function
28. A. challenging B. disturbing C. boring D. surprising
29. A. painting B. seeing C. purchasing D. sharing
30. A. bad B. specific C. favorite D. wonderful
31. A. informed B. reminded C. persuaded D. freed
32. A. show off B. send out C. add to D. think about
33. A. trend B. duty C. burden D. rule
34. A. process B. reward C. lesson D. skill
35. A. worse B. shorter C. better D. slower
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者拥有一个无忧无虑的童年，但是随着时间的流逝处于青春期的他再也找不到儿时的乐趣，同时生活的责任也越来越大。作者建议人们从孩童的角度去看待生活，使生活变得更加美好。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管是下雨还是干燥，不管是热还是冷，不管是白天还是黑夜，我都很快乐。A. anxious焦虑的；B. grateful感激的；C. confident有信心的；D. happy快乐的。根据上文“I am one of those rare people who had a perfect childhood. Everything I saw was new, wonderful and exciting.”（我是少数拥有完美童年的人之一。我看到的一切都是新的、精彩的、令人兴奋的。）可知作者的童年一直很快乐，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想发现我周围的一切。A. demand要求；B. introduce介绍；C. discover发现；D. affect影响。根据上文“Everything I saw was new, wonderful and exciting.”（我看到的一切都是新的、精彩的、令人兴奋的。）可知，作者童年通过发现周围的一切而变得快乐，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，唯一的区别就是我是醒着还是睡着了。A. expectation期待；B. victory成功；C. treasure财宝；D. difference区别，不同。根据下文“that I was awake or asleep”可知是醒着和睡着的区别，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我醒着的时候，我想延长时间，只是为了和我的朋友玩。A. reduce减少；B. waste浪费；C. lengthen延长；D. pass通过。根据下文“for playing with my friends”可知作者想和朋友玩的时间长一些，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，我们有很多有趣的活动和爱好班，有唱歌、跳舞、戏剧和绘画不等。A. vary变化，不同；B. benefit获益；C. result导致；D. suffer遭受。根据下文“between singing, dancing and drama and drawing”可知有不同的活动，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我不能让时间停下来。A. save挽救；B. record记录；C. tell告诉；D. stop停止。根据下文“When I reached my teens”（当我十几岁的时候）可知作者不能让时间停留在儿童时期，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我十几岁的时候，我开始意识到生活的另一面。A. way方法；B. choice选择；C. side方面；D. function作用。根据下文“I no longer had enough time for little things”（我再也没有足够的时间去做一些小事情了）可知是和作者童年时期快乐生活进行对比，所以应该是生活的另一面，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我再也没有足够的时间去做小事情了——发现彩虹并不惊讶，在动物园里看长颈鹿很正常，看到50层楼的大楼也不奇怪。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. disturbing引起烦恼的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据下文“looking at a giraffe in the zoo was normal, and ___9___ a building with 50 floors was not amazing.”可知说明作者青少年时没有时间做一些小事，也没有那么多好奇心，所以发现彩虹也不惊讶了，下文“amazing”是提示词，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. painting画；B. seeing看见；C. purchasing采购；D. sharing分享。根据下文“a building with 50 floors was not amazing”以及上文的“discovering”和“looking at”可知应是看见，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下雨天是个糟糕的日子，因为交通缓慢，春天的第一天让我想起了过敏。A. bad糟糕的；B. specific独特的；C. favorite最喜爱的；D. wonderful精彩的。根据下文“because the traffic was slow”可知下雨天是糟糕的一天，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. informed通知；B. reminded使想起；C. persuaded劝说；D. freed使摆脱。根据下文“allergies(过敏)”和常识可知一般春天，人们容易过敏，所以应是remind sb. of sth.，意为“使某人想起某事”，春天的第一天让作者想起了过敏，体现长大后的不快乐，与童年快乐形成对比，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个月的第一天不仅仅是新的一个月的开始；是时候考虑账单了。A. show off炫耀；B. send out发出；C. add to增加；D. think about考虑。由常识可知，月初要考虑交各种生活费用。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去超市是一种责任；这不仅仅是四处走动，寻找东西，看看我周围的人。A. trend趋势；B. duty职责；C. burden负担；D. rule规则。根据下文“it is not just fun walking around, looking for things and seeing the people around me. ”和“obligations (责任)”可知去超市是一种职责，而不是到处看看，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活是一个过程，每个人都有许多责任，但如果每个人都试着用孩子的眼睛看生活，我相信每一天都会变得更好。A. process过程；B. reward奖励；C. lesson教训；D. skill技能。根据下文“in which everyone has many obligations (责任) ”可知生活是一个过程，充满很多责任，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. worse更糟的；B. shorter更短的；C. better更好的；D. slower更慢的。根据上文“if everyone tried to see life through the eyes of a child”以及上文章开头“perfect childhood”可知儿童时期的孩子只看到了生活中的快乐，如果每个人都尽力以孩子的眼光来看待生活，每一天应该会更快乐、更好。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2021 was 485,000 yuan for a first child, ___36___ is far more than ___37___ in the United States and Japan. The high cost of child-raising is one more ___38___ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while ___39___ (deal) with rapidly decreasing birth rates. Experts warn China’s aging population will put pressure ___40___ its health and social security systems. A decrease in workers could also ___41___ (severe) limit growth for the world’s second-largest economy in the coming years.
New policies permit ___42___ (family) to have as many as three children. But China`s birth rate dropped to 7.52 births per 1,000 people in 2021. That is the ___43___ (low) since the National Bureau of Statistics` began recording the information in 1949. The high costs of raising a child ___44___ (cause) officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. Some areas have been giving couples money for having ___45___ second or third child.
【答案】36. which
37. that 38. difficulty
39. dealing 40. on
41. severely
42. families
43. lowest 44. have caused 45. a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国家庭对孩子的教育投入过多而导致出生率下降的问题。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最新研究显示，2021年，中国将一个孩子抚养到18岁的平均成本为48.5万元，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是485,000 yuan，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：句意：最新研究显示，2021年，中国将一个孩子抚养到18岁的平均成本为48.5万元，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知，此处是拿美国和日本的抚养孩子成本和中国对比，所以此处应该用代词that指代前面提到过的情形。故填that。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：抚养孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在应对迅速下降的出生率时面临的另一个困难。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有one more修饰，所以这里用可数名词单数形式作表语，difficulty困难，名词。故填difficulty。
【39题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：抚养孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在应对迅速下降的出生率时面临的另一个困难。分析句子结构可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语是Chinese policymakers，与从句谓语动词deal是主动关系，故从句的完整形式是while they are dealing with rapidly decreasing birth rates，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词。故填dealing。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：专家警告说，中国人口老龄化将给医疗和社会保障体系带来压力。固定搭配put pressure on，表示“把压力放在……上”。故填on。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：劳动力减少还可能严重限制这个全球第二大经济体未来几年的增长。此处修饰动词limit，应用副词severely，作状语。故填severely。
【42题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：新政策允许家庭最多生三个孩子。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词做宾语，family意为“家庭”时为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式。故填families。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是自从1949年国家统计局开始记录这些信息以来的最低水平。low兼具名词和形容词词性，前面有the修饰，应用形容词low的最高级形式，the lowest作表语，表示“最低水平”，相当于名词。故填lowest。
【44题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，抚养一个孩子的高昂费用已经导致中国官员对私人家教行业进行了限制。由时间状语“in the last few years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语是名词复数costs，助动词用have。故填have caused。
【45题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：一些城市还给夫妻钱来再养第二或第三个孩子。分析句子意思可知，序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”。故填a。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你叫贝利，是一家英文杂志社的心理咨询师。某中学生小王给你写信，提到自己偏胖，想节食减肥，征求你的意见。请你给她回一封信，谈谈你对该问题的见解。内容要点如下：
1．健康比漂亮重要
2．学生以学习为主，不要过于注重外貌和别人的看法
3．可以通过多锻炼身体来保持健康，要改变不良的饮食习惯
4．健康的心态也很重要
注意：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥
2．词数：100词左右
3．参考词汇：心态state of mind 外貌appearance
Dear Xiao Wang,
I have received and read your letter, in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Xiao Wang,
I have received and read your letter, in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.
It is only natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. However, in my opinion, health is more important than beauty. For a student, studying is the first thing to consider while appearance is the second. So do not let others’ opinions affect your normal life. However, if you do want to lose weight, it is a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing your unhealthy eating habits. The most important thing is that you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help with your studies, and will also help you overcome difficulties in dieting.
【解析】
【分析】这篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1．健康比漂亮重要2．学生以学习为主，不要过于注重外貌和别人的看法。3．可以通过多锻炼身体来保持健康，要改变不良的饮食习惯。4．健康的心态也很重要。第二，人称以第三人称为主，第一人称和第二人称兼用。第三，时态为一般现在时，兼用一般将来时和一般过去时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为两段。第一段，简单提及来信内容。第二段，1．健康比漂亮重要；2．学生以学习为主，不要过于注重外貌和别人的看法；3．可以通过多锻炼身体来保持健康，要改变不良的饮食习惯；4．健康的心态也很重要。其中第二段为重点段。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: natural ，beautiful，health ， studying，appearance， affect your normal life，lose weight， get more exercise and change your unhealthy eating habits,keep a healthy state of mind, overcome difficulties.
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:I have received and read your letter, in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.It is only natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. if you do want to lose weight, it is a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing your unhealthy eating habits. The most important thing is that you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help with your studies, and will also help you overcome difficulties in dieting.
第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: However,So。
第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: 如定语从句I have received and read your letter, in which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting.主语从句和条件状语从句It is only natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. if you do want to lose weight, it is a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing your unhealthy eating habits. 表语从句和原因状语从句The most important thing is that you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help with your studies, and will also help you overcome difficulties in dieting.
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。
Michelle was eight years old when she heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Jack, now only an infant(婴儿). He was very sick and they were completely out of money. Only a very costly operation could save Jack the baby now but there was no one to whom they could turn for the money needed. She heard Daddy say to her tearful Mom, “Only a miracle can save him now.”
At the words, Michelle went to her bedroom and took out all the coins from her little moneybox. After counting the coins three times, she slipped out the back door and made her way to the drug store six blocks away . . .
She waited for a long time before the pharmacist(药剂师）turned around and asked her. “And what do you want ”
“Well, it's' about my brother,” Michelle answered . “He's really, really sick . . . and 1 want to buy a miracle.”
“I beg your pardon ”said the pharmacist. “His name is Jack and he has something very bad growing inside his body and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him now. So how much does a miracle cost ”
“We don't sell miracles here, little girl .I'm sorry but I can't help you, ” the pharmacist said. “Listen, I have money to pay for it.” And with these words, Mich poured out all the coins from her pockets. At this time, a well-dressed man behind Michelle stooped down and ask the little girl. “I'm selling the miracle you want. Tell me how much money you have.”
“One dollar and eleven cents, ” Michelle answered in a low voice. “And it's all the money I have, but I can some more if I need to.”
“Well ” smiled the man. “A dollar and eleven cents— the exact price of a miracle for little brothers. Show me the place where your brothers lives.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1 :
Holding the man's hand firmly , Michelle took him home.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When asked why he chose to help the family, the man detailed,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1 :
Holding the man's hand firmly , Michelle took him home. The little girl walked in such a hurry that she even forgot to introduce herself to the man. Her parents were too surprised to believe their eyes. That well-dressed man turned out to be a surgeon, specializing in neuro-surgery. Later, the little brother was taken away. The operation was completed with payment of one dollar and eleven cents and it wasn't long before Jack was home again and doing well. Michelle was very happy. Now she knew the exact price of a miracle . . . one dollar and eleven cents . . . plus the faith of a little child.
Paragraph 2 :
When asked why he chose to help the family, the man detailed , “when I was young myself, I was once in the same situation as the little baby. The little girl reminded me of my own sister. It was she who saved my life. Deeply impressed by her innocence, I finally decided to help the family out of trouble. It doesn't matter how much money she actually had with her; what matters is her faith, a faith that miracles do exist.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了八岁的小女孩Michelle去药店给身患重病的弟弟Jack买“奇迹”，深受感动的药剂师最终救了Jack的故事，这个故事告诉我们要相信爱的信仰，奇迹确实存在。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Michelle紧紧握住那人的手，把他带回家”可知，第一段可描写Michelle的父母看到药剂师的反应以及药剂师给Jack成功做手术，救了他的命。
②由第二段首句内容“当被问及为何选择帮助这个家庭时，该男子详细地说……”可知，第二段可描写药剂师解释帮助这个家庭的原因以及这个故事带给我们的感悟。
2.续写线索：带药剂师回家——父母惊讶——给Jack做手术——Jack得救——解释原因——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行为类
①介绍：introduce/ recommend
②.匆忙赶往：walk in a hurry / rush to
③.决定做：decide to do / be determined to do
情绪类
①.惊讶的：surprised / open-eyed /astonished
②.高兴的：happy /delighted/ cheerful
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The little girl walked in such a hurry that she even forgot to introduce herself to the man.（运用such…that…引导结果状语从句）
[高分句型2]. It doesn't matter how much money she actually had with her; what matters is her faith, a faith that miracles do exist.（运用what引导主语从句以及that引导同位语从句）
1-5 BCBAB 6-10 BCAAC 11-15 ACACB 16-20 AACCB

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