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2024年初三英语中考二轮复习 【语法专题】
瞬间和延续性动词辨析 考点总结（讲义）
第一部分
误：The old man has died for 4 years.
延续：The old man has been dead for 4 years.
延续：The old man died 4 years ago.
延续：It is 4 years since the old man died.
延续：Four years has passed since the old man died.
翻译：这个老人已经死了4年了。
瞬间性动词，表示的动作极其短暂，并且不能持续。后边不能接由for或者since+时间，表示一段时间持续的状语。
延续性动词，表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
瞬间：The river became dirty last year.
延续：The river has been dirty for one year.
翻译：这条河在去年变脏了。
The river has been dirty for one year.
这条河已经脏了一年了，又或者。
It is 1 year since the river became dirty.
自从河变脏已经1年了。
One year has passed since the river became dirty.
自从河流变脏，已经过去1年了。
瞬间动词和延续性动词之间，可以相互替换。
就拿die——be dead，
become——be，
leave——be away，
buy——keep，
finish——be over，
瞬间：The meeting finished at six.
延续：The meeting has been over for two hours.
（此时8点）
翻译：会议在六点结束了。
I became a teacher in 2000.
I have been a teacher for 19 years.（现在是2019年）
I got up two hours ago.
I have been up for two hours.
I bought a pen two days ago.
I have kept a pen for 2 days.
瞬间——延续动词之间的转换：
leave --- be away, borrow --- keep,
buy --- have, begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead, fall ill --- be ill,
finish --- be over open sth --- keep sth open,
get up---be up, come here --- be here,
go there --- be there, fall asleep --- be asleep,
become --- be, come back --- be back,
get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear, catch a cold →have a cold,
marry/get married---be married 等
常见瞬间动词：leave，borrow，begin/start，buy，die，come，fall，get，become.
常见延续性动词：be, study, work, stand, walk,watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay.
考点点睛
我们说在英语当中，动词大致可以分成两大类，瞬间性动词，和延续性动词，我们说瞬间性动词，顾名思义，它表示的动作极其短暂，并且不能持续。因此，它的后边，一定不能接由for或者since+时间，表示一段时间持续的状语，比如说第一个例句，这个老人已经死了4年了.这句话乍一看好像是The old man has died for 4 years.但是如果这么说，就错了，因为die是一个瞬间性动词，而一个人，不可能让自己在死这个瞬间，持续上四年。因此，正确表达这句话，我们可以说，The old man died 4 years ago.除此之外，我们也可以将die换成一个形容词，dead，然后再套用完成时句型，这句话就变成了，The old man has been dead for 4 years.再或者，我们可以用主语从句的方式来表达，It is 4 years since the old man died.自从这个老人死，已经过了4年了，我们说，只要瞬间动词die不和一段持续的时间连用，要表达出这句话，还是比较灵活的。
再看第二句话，The river became dirty last year.这条河在去年变脏了。我们说，become在这里，也是一个瞬间性动词，而根据之前的规律，这句话也可以变为，The river has been dirty for one year.这条河已经脏了一年了，又或者。It is 1 year since the river became dirty.自从河变脏已经1年了，以及One year has passed since the river became dirty.自从河流变脏，已经过去1年了。等等
通过以上2个例句，我们发现，瞬间动词和延续性动词之间，原来是可以相互替换，就拿die来说，变为延续性动词，他就可以表达成be dead，类似的表达像是become，可以变成be，leave可以变成be away，buy可以变成keep，而finish他就可以变成be over等等。
比如咱们看第三句The meeting finished at six.会议在六点结束了。如果换成一段持续时间的表达，他就变成了The meeting has been over for two hours.会议已经结束2小时了，可见，说这句话的时候，已经是8点了。类似的变化练习，还有很多，比如，I became a teacher in 2000.可以变成I have been a teacher for 19 years.，，I got up two hours ago.可以变成，I have been up for two hours.而这句，I bought a pen two days ago.就可以变成，I have kept a pen for 2 days.等等。他们都是这个规律。
第二部分
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
翻译：他已经死了三年了。
瞬间性动词，顾名思义，它表示的动作极其短暂，并且不能持续。
后边一定不能接由for或者since+时间，表示一段时间持续的状语
die：瞬间性动词
He has been dead for three years.
He died three years ago.
他三年前死去的
Three years has passed since he died.
自从他死，已经过了三年了
误：He has come to Beijing for five days.
正：He has been in Beijing for five days.
正：He came to Beijing five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came to Beijing.
正：Five days has passed since he came to Beijing.
翻译：他在北京已经五天了。
come：瞬间性动词
He has been in Beijing for five days.
He came to Beijing five days ago.
他五天前到北京的
Five days has passed since he came to Beijing.
自从他来北京，已经有5天了
瞬间：I arrived at Shanghai yesterday.
持续：I have been in Shanghai for one day.
翻译：我在上海已经一天了。
I have been in Shanghai for one day.
我已经到上海一天了
I became a teacher in 2000.
I have been a teacher for 19 years.
我当老师已经有19年了。
I got up two hours ago.
I have been up for two hours.
I bought a pen two days ago.
I have kept a pen for 2 days.
常见延续性动词：
be,study,work,stand,walk,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay.
常见瞬间性动词：
leave,borrow,begin/start,buy,die,arrive,come,fall,get,become.
考点点睛
在英语当中，动词大致可以分成两大类，瞬间性动词，和延续性动词，我们说瞬间性动词，顾名思义，它表示的动作极其短暂，并且不能持续。因此，它的后边，一定不能接由for或者since+时间，表示一段时间持续的状语，比如说第一个例句，他已经死了3年了，这句话乍一看好像是He has died for three years.但是如果这么说，就错了，因为die是一个瞬间性动词，而一个人，不可能让自己在死这个瞬间，持续上三年。因此，如果要正确表达这句话，我们可以将die换成一个形容词，dead，然后再套用完成时句型，这句话就变成了，He has been dead for three years.这么说，才是正确的。如果不改变动词die，正确的表达还有He died three years ago.他三年前死去的，又或者Three years has passed since he died.自从他死，已经过了三年了，大家发现了吗，只要瞬间动词die不和一段持续的时间连用，要表达出这句话，是比较灵活的。
咱们再看第二个例子，他来北京已经5天了，这句话，如果说成He has come to Beijing for five days.就错了，因为come是一个瞬间性动词，咱们没办法让到来，这个瞬间，持续5天，所以正确的表达，应当把come换成be动词，再套用完成时句型，这句话就变成了，He has been in Beijing for five days.这么说，才是正确的。如果不改变动词come，正确的表达还有He came to Beijing five days ago.他五天前到北京的，又或者Five days has passed since he came to BeiJing.自从他来北京，已经有5天了。
通过以上两个例子，大家就会发现，原来瞬间动词和持续性动词之间，是可以相互替换的，比如说，I arrived at Shanghai yesterday.我昨天到上海了，如果换成加上一段持续时间的表达，则可以变成，I have been in Shanghai for one day.我已经到上海一天了。类似的例句还有，I became a teacher in 2000.可以变成I have been a teacher for 19 years.我当老师已经有19年了。I got up two hours ago.可以变成，I have been up for two hours.再比如这句，I bought a pen two days ago.可以变成，I have kept a pen for 2 days.等等,都是这个原理。

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