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选择性必修三 Unit 2 知识清单
I. 词形变化
1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者
2．physical adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的→physically adv.身体上;肉体上
3．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复
4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist n．心理学家
5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的
6．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
7．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查
8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义→ pessimistically adv. 悲观地
9．compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．作曲家
10．surgeon n．外科医生→surgery n．外科手术；外科学
11．disturb vt.打扰;搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
12．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially adv.特别地；专门→specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事
13．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.&vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参考
14．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖
15．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发精神；恢复活力
16．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的;全神贯注的
17．delete v. 删去；删除→deletion n. 删除，删去的部分
18．liberation n.解放；摆脱→liberate v.解放,解救→liberator n. 解放者；释放者
19. negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的→ positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
20. deliberately adv. 故意地→ deliberate adj. 故意的，深思熟虑的，从容不迫的→ deliberation n. 考虑，深思熟虑; 从容; 沉着，慎重
II. 核心词汇
1. tobacco n.烟草;烟叶 cigarette n.香烟；纸烟 nicotine n.尼古丁 cigar n.雪茄烟
2. abuse n.滥用;虐待;辱骂vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
abuse one’s power (position) / privilege 滥用职权/特权
verbal abuse言语上的辱骂 child abuse 虐待儿童 drug abuse 滥用药物
3. physical adj身体的；客观存在的;物理学的 physical health 身体健康 mental adj. 精神上的 mental health 心理健康 mental work 脑力劳动
4. dominate vt. &vi.支配;控制;占有优势 domination n. 主导; 控制；影响
dominating adj. 主要的；独裁的；有影响力的
dominant adj. 首要的, 占支配地位的
be dominated by由……主宰; 由某人所控制、支配
dominate the match/war在比赛/战争中占上风
dominating figure主要人物；强势人物 dominating factor主导因素
5. cue n.提示;暗示;信号vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) clue n. 线索；提示
6. response n. 回复，回应 respond vi. 回答，做出反应
respond by doing sth 通过做某事回应
respond to sth. 对…作出反应、回应，回复= make a response to sth.
respond with 用…回应respond with a smile 报以微笑
in response to回答;答复; 响应；回答；对……有反应
7. reward n.回报;奖励;报酬　vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 rewarding adj. 有益的, 值得的; 有报酬的
in reward (for) 作为（对…的）回报
as a reward for. . . 作为…的报酬; 作为…的回报
a reward for (doing) sth 因（做）...而获得奖励
give/offer a reward to sb for sth 因为...给某人奖励
reward sb with sth/ 用某物奖励某人
reward sb for (doing) sth 因为（做）某事奖励某人
8. rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖 reliable adj. 可依靠的;可信赖的;可依赖的
rely on依赖;依靠;信赖 rely on sb. to do sth.指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望… rely on it that... 相信…；指望……
9.straight away立即;马上 right away 立刻，立即
10. pill n.药丸:药片 tablet 药片 capsule 胶囊，太空舱
11. decide on/upon sth/doing sth决定;选定decide v. 决心，断定
decision n. 决心decide/determine to do sth 决心做某事
make a decision 下定决心
determine vt. 决定；确定;下定决心 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
determination n. 决心 resolution n. 决心
be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事
12. bear/keep...in mind 记住……
fix one’s mind on/upon 将注意力集中于...
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
bear/keep sth. in mind记住… bring sth. to mind使…想起
change one’s mind改变主意 make up one's mind下定决心
*make up one’s mind中的名词mind有数的变化,根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
pose vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写
composer n.作曲家,作曲者 composition n. 作文
be composed of 由...组成(或构成)的 = be made up of = consist of
14. surgeon n.外科医生 surgery n.外科手术;外科学
physician n. 医生；内科医师 specialist n. 专科医生:专家
15. shave vi, vt.&n. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 剃(须发);刮脸刮；剃
shave off剃掉;刮去 beard n.胡须;络腮胡子 moustache 小胡子
16. pessimistically adv. 悲观地 pessimism n.悲观；悲观主义
pessimist n.悲观主义者 be pessimistic about…对……很悲观
optimistic adj. 乐观的 optimistically adv. 乐观地
optimism n.乐观主义 optimist n. 乐观主义者
17. consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师 consultv.咨询,请教;商议,商量;查阅
consult with sb.与某人协商
consult sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人协商/咨询
consult a dictionary查阅词典
18. skip v. (skipped;skipped;skipping) 跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走; 跳绳n.蹦跳
skim vt. (skimmed;skimmed;skimming) 浏览；略读
19. flu n.流感 bird flue 禽流感
20. stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
stress n.压力;紧张;重音;强调 v强调,着重;重读; (使)焦虑不安
stressful adj.(事物)压力重的,紧张的 stressed adj.(人)焦虑不安的
under stress在压力下 relieve/reduce stress 缓解压力
lay/put/place stress on/upon 强调;着重于
stress the importance of 强调…的重要性
21. worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的 = torn out 精疲力尽的
wear v.穿,戴;磨损;留,蓄;流露;耐用 (wore;worn)
wear out 用坏,穿破;磨损 wear well耐用,耐穿,耐磨
wear a beard 留胡须
wear sb out使筋疲力尽;使厌烦
be worn out疲倦的；困乏的；磨损的；破烂的
22. absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力;吸收;理解;掌握 absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
absorb oneself in 某人全神贯注于/专注于= be absorbed in
be absorbed into… 被…吸收；被并入……
absorb one' s attention吸引某人的注意力
“全神贯注于” be lost in / be buried in /be occupied in
23. monthly adv. & adj.每月:每月n.月刊
n. + -ly → adj. lovely 可爱的 timely 及时的 motherly 母亲般的;
brotherly 兄弟般的 daily 每天的 weekly 每周的 yearly 每年的
III. 重点句式
1. These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
※句中的if left unchecked是状语从句的省略，补充完整为：if they are left unchecked。
※状语从句省略的条件：
①从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
②如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。
(1) While ___________(stay) in the village，James shared whatever he had with the villagers.
(2) While ____________(wander) around，she met this lovely woman.
(3) Once _____________(begin)，the project is hard to stop.
(4) __________ necessary，I will go there to have a talk with her.
2. I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.
通过攀岩，我精神焕发，和爸爸一起度过更多时间，认识了新朋友。
※本句中的get refreshed是get done结构。
※常见的get done结构：
get broken打破了 get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害
get admitted被录取 get married结婚 get annoyed生气
get excited激动 get separated被分开
(1)The mother tried her best to prevent her children from getting ________ (hurt)．
(2)If you often make mistakes，your teacher will get ______(annoy)．
(3)When my friend and I entered the hall，we got_______(separate)．
IV. 教材金句
1. The greatest wealth is health.-Virgil (P13)健康是最大的财富。-- 维吉尔
2. To prevent harmful habits from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(P14改)防止不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。
3. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. (P14)即使你反复努力地去做，要改变不良习惯从来也不是一件容易的事情。
4. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.(P14)从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是英语我们所作选择的总和。
5. In fact, the most successful way to change bad habits is not suddenly, but over a period of time. (P15改)事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。
6. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. - Lao Zi (P15)千里之行，始于足下。一-老子
7. One step seems small, but it is essential.(P15)一步似乎很小，却至关重要。
8. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. (P15)为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须坚持自律，一步一步地向目标迈进。
9.You have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits!(P15改)你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的健康生活!
10. Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become healthier.(P16)每天做些小的改变，你的生活方式会变得更健康。
11. Change the world by changing yourself. (P20)改变世界，从改变自己做起。
12. To make choices about myself is within my own power. I can change myself. I just need to try.(P20) 我有能力为自己做出选择。我能够改变自己。我只是需要去尝试一下。
13. It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. (P20)它改善了我的健康状况，增加了我的幸福感，(从而)提高了我的生活品质。
14. Be the change you want to see in the world.-Gandhi (P20)欲变世界，先变其身。一一甘地
15.To fight long-term stress, it is a great idea to take up a new hobby. (P22)为了对抗长期的压力，培养一种新的爱好是个好主意。
16. Laughter is a natural medicine for preserving our health. It helps us to ease pain, feel good, keep the blood vessels healthy, and is good for our soul and heart. (P24)笑是保持我们健康的天然良药。它帮助我们减轻疼痛，感觉良好，保持血管健康，也让我们心旷神怡。

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