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2023学年牛津上海版英语八年级第二学期U2重点词汇及语法
一、重点词汇
1. remain v. 剩下，留下，保持
remain用作不及物动词，表示“剩下；仍有”，不可直接跟宾语（如例句①）。remain作系动词，表示“一直保持；仍然（处于某种状态）”，后面可跟形容词、名词、V-ing形式等作表语。
① A few apples still remained on the tree. 树上还剩几个苹果。
② She remained standing though we asked her to sit down． 虽然我们请她坐下，她还是站着。
remains可用作名词，意为“剩余物；残余”。如：
They were tidying up the remains of their picnic. 他们正在收拾野餐后剩下的东西。
2. vanish vi. 消失，绝迹
vanish常用作不及物动词，后面不可直接跟宾语。
【辨析】 disappear, vanish都有“消失，不见”的意思，但稍有不同：disappear强调从眼前或头脑中消失。而vanish通常指突然地、完全地消失，经常含有神秘的意味。如：
① Our cat has disappeared. 我们的猫不见了。
② His money vanished in a bank failure. 他的财产在一次银行破产中化为乌有。
3. obey v. 服从，听从，遵守
obey可作及物动词；也可作不及物动词。
①You ought to obey your parents. 你应当听从父母的话。
② The little boy obeyed from fear. 这个小男孩因惊恐而服从了。
反义词：disobey v. 不服从，不遵守
4. puzzled adj. 迷惑的，困惑的 v. 迷惑，困惑
puzzled可用作形容词，常作表语，主语通常为“人”。puzzled还是动词puzzle的过去式。
① I was very puzzled at the puzzling news. 我对这个令人困惑的消息感到非常困惑。
② What he did puzzled me greatly. 他的做法使我大为不解。
5. thorough adj. 彻底的，完全的；周到的
thorough为形容词，可用作定语。也可用作表语。
① Maybe I shall get a thorough medical checkup. 或许我得做一次彻底体检。
② Our teacher is rather slow but very thorough. 我们的老师做事很慢，但很细致。
派生词：thoroughly adv. 完全地
同义词：complete
6. equipment n. 装备，设备，器材
equipment常用作不可数名词，无复数形式。
e.g.Really need all the equipment 真需要所有这些装备？
【辨析】 equipment, tool都可作“设备；装备”讲，但有区别：
equipment多指成套的或重型的设备或装备；tool一般指进行特种工作的工具。试比较：
① Their equipment was lost. 他们的装备丢了。
② A hammer is a tool for knocking nails into wood. 锤子是用于把钉子钉入木头的工具。
二、重点语法
(一)few, a few, little, a little
1. few，a few用来修饰可数名词; little，a little用来修饰不可数名词。如：
I have a few minutes. 我有几分钟时间。
She speaks a little Japanese. 她会说一点儿日语。
2． a few，a little含肯定意味；few，little含否定意味。如：
He has little free time.他很少有空闲时间。
3． few的比较级是fewer，最高级是fewest；而little的比较级是less，最高级是least。
(二) many, much
1. many用来修饰可数名词，much用来修饰不可数名词。如：
many books 许多书；much water 许多水
2. many, much还可以和not搭配，表示“没有多少”。如：
Not many people write with the left hand. 用左手写字的人不多。
3. many和much的比较级和最高级都一样，都是more和most。
4. 询问数量时，how many接可数名词，how much接不可数名词。回答“没有”时，则用none。如：
—How many books do you have 你有几本书？
—None. 一个也没有。
(三) plenty of, a lot of, lots of
这三个词组都表示“许多”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，多用于肯定句。
e.g.The room contained plenty of / a lot of / lots of students. 这个房间里容纳了很多学生。
(四) some, any
1. some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：
Give me some apples, please. 请给我一些苹果。
Is there any money left 有没有剩钱？
You can ask me if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题，你都可以问我。
2. 在表示“请求”（希望对方作肯定的回答）、“邀请”、“建议”等疑问句中不用any，而用some。如：
Could I have some water, please 我可以喝一点水吗？
Why don’t you give her some flowers 你为什么不送她一些花？
3. some, any与-thing, -body, -one构成的合成词的用法与some, any一样。something, anything, nothing三者跟形容词时，形容词要放在它们的后面。如：
anything important重要的事情
4. some用于单数可数名词前时，表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。如：
This morning some boy asked for you. 今天上午，有个男孩要求见你。
(五)enough的用法
1. enough既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。如：
enough seats 足够的座位; enough food 足够的食物
2. enough还可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。如：
He is tall enough to get this book. 他足够高，能拿到这本书。
3. enough一般用在名词前，形容词和副词后。如：
Is there enough time to finish it 有没有足够的时间把这件事做完？
This room is large enough for us to sleep in. 这间房间大得够我们睡了。
三、配套练习
I. Choose the best answer:
( ) 1. There is _________“s” in the word “sewage” and _________ “s” is the first letter of the word.
A. an, the B. a, the C. an, an D. a, a
( ) 2. When you finish _________ the knife, please put it into the cupboard.
A. at B. of C. from D. with
( ) 3. Every weekend Mother gives the room a _________ cleaning.
A. thorough B. throughout C. through D. thought
( ) 4. In my class, _________ of the students are boys.
A. two-third B. two-three C. two-thirds D. second three
( ) 5. Bob is unhealthy because he eats lots of junk food and does _________ exercise.
A. too many B. too much C. too few D. too little
( ) 6. Susan had to stay in bed for about two weeks _________ her leg was better.
A. after B. since C. until D. as
( ) 7. The scientist added some chemicals _________ the water and made it clean.
A. on B. in C. to D. from
( ) 8. I just want to sit down and rest comfortably. The underlined part means “_________”.
A. sleep B. tired C. dance D. relax
II. Choose the proper words or phrases to complete the following passae. Each can be used only once:
A. turning off B. treatments C. the amount of
D. liquid E. increasing F. daily G. works
A water footprint is not the water you drink or use to wash with. Your water footprint is ___1___ water that you consume by your way of life.
Everywhere around the world people use water ___2___, but there are not proper ___3___ to clean water. The world’s water supply is under pressure from a(n) ___4___ population. So what can you do to reduce your water footprint First, try changing some bad habits you have like taking a shower instead of a bath or ___5___ the tap while brushing your teeth. Another important way to reduce water waste is not to waste food. Finally, you should be aware of what foods and other products require a lot of water to produce and make smart consumer choices.
Water is ___6___ gold. Knowing your water footprint and making an effort to reduce it can really make a difference.
1. _________ 2. _______ 3. _________4. _________ 5. _________ 6. _________
III. Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据要求改写下列句子）:
1. I was brushing my teeth when the tap was on. （改为一般疑问句）
_________ you _________ your teeth when the tap was on
2. You should remember that you can’t swim in the deep river. （保持句意基本不变）
You should remember _________ _________ swim in the deep river.
3. They gave Mike ten minutes to think about the job. （改为被动语态）
Mike _________ _________ ten minutes to think about the job.
4. I will understand the painting after I read the words below it. （保持句意基本不变）
I _________ understand the painting _________ I read the words below it.
5. found, job, a, our, town, supermarket, in, my, a, in, father （连词成句）
______________________________________________________.
IV. Reading
Several years ago, I went to see an advanced cartoon 3D movie Frankenweenie. A few days later, our chief editor gave me a new task and then I sat down for interviews with the film’s director, Tim Burton, and some of the a___1___.
As for the movie, I had a lot to talk about as an audience. It was one of the most attractive movies I had ever seen. Even though it was made in black and white, it was so lively that my mind seemed to f___2___ in colour in every scene. Burton talked to me about why he chose to use black and white and 3D technology for Frankweenie.“I like the depth and shadows that you can get with black and white,” he said. “and I just thought the 3D technology would be r___3___ fun to see.”
He’s right. The whole movie is a lot of fun. A school student Victor Franenstein lives in a small town, whose dog Sparky is hit by a car one day. Victor is very sad and lonely until he brings the dog back to life inspired by an e___4___ of his science teacher about the power of electricity. Victor’s classmates learn what happens and also try to bring their pets back from the dead. These creatures end up with causing widespread damage throughout the town. Finally, the dog g___5___ up its own life to save Victor.
My favourite part is the moment Victor brings Sparky back to life, because I have a very s___6___ love for animals. This scene is not the funniest, but it is really heart-warming to me.
I’d like to recommend this movie to kids because of the u___7___ and lively characters. And it does attract those who are interested in cartoon techniques to see the film. The effects will blow your mind out of water.
Keys:
I. 1—4 ADAC 5—8 DCCD
II. 1—6 CFBEAD
III. 1. Were, brushing 2. not to 3. was given 4. won’t, until 5. My father found a job in a supermarket in our town.
IV.1. actors 2. fill 3. really 4. experiment 5. gives 6. strong 7. unusual

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