资源简介

选择性必修三 Unit 3 知识清单
Part 1 词性转换
1. emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放→v. 发出，射出，散发emit→emitted→ emitted→emitting
2. melt vi. & vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化→adj.柔情似水的；感人的melting →adj.融化了的melted
3. starve vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死→starving adj.挨饿的；即将饿死的→starvation n.挨饿饥饿
4. ecology n. 生态；生态学 →ecological adj.生态（学）的 →ecologist n.生态学家
5. habitable adj. 适合居住的 →n.（动植物的）生活环境；栖息地habitat
6. sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住sustainable adj. 可持续的;合理利用的
sustainable development可持续发展
7. comprehensive adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的→comprehension n.理解力;领悟力
→comprehend v.理解；领悟
8. worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的global adj.全球的 international adj.国际的 universal adj.遍及世界的
9. trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向→trendy adj.时髦的；赶时髦的同义词：tendency n. →v. tend
10. frequently adv. 频繁地;经常→ frequent adj. 频繁的;经常发生的→frequency n.频繁;频率
11. broadcast vt. & vi.(broadcast, broadcast )播送；广播；传播 n. 广播节目；电视节目
现场直播 broadcast live a live broadcast
12. policy n. 政策；方针；原则 politics n.政治；政治事务 political adj.政治的；政府的
13. restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚(=limit) →restricted adj.有限的；受限制的=limited
14. seize vt. 抓住;夺取;控制 同义词：grasp 抓住，领会；grab 抓住，攫取
15. reform vi. & vt. 改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良→reformer n.改革者;改良者;改造者 →reformation n.改革;变革
16. undergo vt. (underwent--undergone ) 经历；经受(变化、不快等)
17. harmonious adj. 和谐的 →n. harmony 和谐 in harmony with 与...协调/一致
18. moderate adj. 适度的;中等的;温和的vi.& vt. 缓和;使适中→moderation n.适度;适中;合理
19. submit vt. & vi. 提交；呈递；屈服(submitted→submitted)→ submission 投降，屈服，提交
20. annual adj. 每年的;一年的n. 年刊;年鉴 类似：daily;weekly;monthly adj.;adv.&n
21. originate vi. & vt. 起源；发源；创立→n. origin起源； adj. original 起初的，最早的，原创的
22. garbage n. 垃圾；废物 同义词：waste,trash,rubbish,junk
23. conservation n. 对(文物等)保护;保持conserve vt.保护;保存;节省 conservative adj. 保守的;
24. regulation n. 章程；规章制度→v. regulate 管理，调节
25. disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理→v. dispose
26. inspection n. 检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查;视察→inspector n.检查员;检阅官
27. campaignn. 运动；战役vi.& vt. 参加运动；领导运动launch/run/conduct/carry out a campaign开展运动
28. tolerate vt. 忍受;包容;容许 同义词：stand, bear, endure, put up with
tolerance n.容忍;允许 tolerable adj.可忍受的　tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的　
Part II重点词汇讲解
1. melt vi. & vt. (使)融化; 熔化; 软化melting adj. 融化的；熔化的
melt down 将……熔化 melt into 溶解成;消散在…中
melt away 消失,消散;逐渐散去
a melting pot of different nationalities 多民族的大熔炉
2. starve vi. &vt. (使)挨饿;饿死 starvation n. 饥饿;饿死
starved adj. 饥饿的;饥肠辘辘的;缺乏的 starving adj.挨饿的;即将饿死的
starve to death饿死 (frighten to death 吓死 /freeze to death 冻死) starve for/ to do渴望；急需(做)
starve sb. into (doing) sth. 迫使某人做某事
be starved of sth. 缺乏...欠缺...;渴望；急需
3. release vt. 释放；发布(消息)；发行(书刊) release news发布消息
release sb. from将某人从某地释放
release sb. /sth (back) into将某人/某物放回到…中
4. sustain vt. ①维持，保持；②支撑，支持；③支援，救济；④经受，遭受，忍受 (不愉快的事情)； ⑤供养，承担；⑥证实；⑦扮演 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
5. broadcast n.广播节目；电视节目 vt. &vi. 广播；播送；传播
be broadcast live现场直播 a live broadcast现场直播
broadcast the fact/news/information/message 传播事实/新闻/信息/消息
6. seize v. 抓住；夺取；控制
seize sth. from sb. 从某人那里夺取某物 seize sb. by + 身体部位
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会/机遇
seize on/upon sth. 突然对某事大为关注；抓住
7. refer to 指的是
refer to…as…把……称作…… refer…to…把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅
in/with reference to关于 without reference to与……无关；不管
8. undergo vt. (underwent--undergone ) 经历；经受(变化、不快等)
undergo tests/trials/repairs/operation/surgery经受考验/接受检修/接受手术
9. implement vt. 执行;使生效;贯彻
implement n. 工具;器具;手段 implement vt. 实施;执行;落实
implement changes/decisions/policies/reforms实行变革/ 执行决议/ 执行政策/ 实施改革)
10. disposal n. 除掉 dispose v. 清理, 去除
at one’s disposal 任某人处理, 任某人任意使用
dispose of sb/sth 去掉；清除；处理
11. harmonious adj.和谐的 harmoniously adv. 和谐地
harmony n. 协调；融洽
in harmony with…与……协调；与……相配
live/work in harmony (with...)生活/工作得融洽
12. submit vt. &vi. 提交;呈递;屈服
submit an application/a claim/a complaint呈递申请书/书面要求/提交控诉书
submit sth. to sb. 把某物交给某人
submit to sth. /sb. 顺从、屈服某人/某物；向某人投降
submit to (doing) sth. 不得已接受某事
13. chaos n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱
in chaos处于混乱之中
economic/political/domestic chaos经济/政治/国内的混乱
14. be sensitive to…对……敏感的；对……体贴
on behalf of = on one’s behalf 代表(代替)某人
15. conservation n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持conserve vt. 保护；节省
conservationist n. (自然环境、野生动植物等)保护主义者
conserved adj. 保守的
conservation of energy 能量守恒(定律) conservation area 保护区
environmental conservation 环境保护 water conservation 水资源的保护
16. fine vt. 对……处以罚款
fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而惩罚某人
be fined for (doing) sth. 因某事而被惩罚
17. have (an) effect on…对…有影响；起作用
have no/little/a great effect on…对…没有影响/几乎没有影响/有很大的影响
put/bring sth. into effect…使……生效
come into effect生效 side effects 副作用
take effect开始实施；生效；开始起作用 in effect事实上；实际上；有效
18. carry out 执行
carry out a plan/one's promise/duty执行计划/履行诺言/履行职责
carry on继续下去 carry on doing sth. / carry on with sth. 继续(做)某事
carry off赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等); 带走
carry through帮助渡过(难关等)；维持；完成
19. pleased adj. 高兴的；愉快的 please vt. 使高兴；使满意
pleasure n. 愉快（的事），快乐（的事）
pleasant adj. 使人快乐的；令人愉快的（修饰无生命物体）
be pleased to do sth. 高兴/乐意去做某事
be pleased with sth. /sb. 对某事/某人满意
be pleased that…很高兴(后接that从句)please sb. 使某人满意/取悦某人
a pleasant trip愉快的旅行pleasant weather令人愉快的天气
20. tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力
tolerate sth. 容忍/容许某事
tolerate (one’s/sb. ) doing sth. 容忍(某人)做某事
be tolerant of sth. /sb. 容忍某物/某人
21. set up 建立；成立；竖立起来；创(记录)
set about doing sth. 着手做某事； 开始做某事
set sth. aside把某物放在一边 set down放下；写下
set off出发；动身；使爆炸；引发 set out启程；动身
set out to do sth. 开始做某事；着手做某事
Part III 句式梳理
1、"情态动词+have done"结构
（1）may/might have done sth.表示对过去情况不肯定的推测，意思是"过去可能做了某事。"
例：You may have read about it in the newspaper. 你可能已经在报上看到了这件事。
（2）ought to/should have done sth.表示“本来应该做某事（但实际上未做）”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；否定形式 ought not to/should not have done sth.表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。
例：You are late again. You should have come earlier. 你又迟到了，你本应该早点来的。
（3）must have done sth.表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句。
例：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
（4）can/could have done sth.用于表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能做了某事”一般用于疑问句和否定句；could have done sth.还可用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做某事”；否定形式can't/couldn't have done sth.表示“过去不可能做了某事”，表示一种非常有把握的推测。
例：There is no light in the roon. Can they have gone out？屋里没有灯光。他们可能出去了吗？
（5）needn't have done sth.表示“过去本不必做某事（而实际上做了）”，一般不用need have done sth.的形式。
例：You needn't have told me the news. I have already known it.你本不必告诉我这消息，我已经知道了。
2、it常用句型
1) It is+形容词（clear /obvious/true/possible/certain…）+ that从句“清楚（显然，真的，肯定…）”
e.g. It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
= That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.
2) It is+形容词（important /necessary/ right/strange/natural...）+that sb. (should) do
e.g. It is necessary that we (should)learn a foreign language.
3) It is+过去分词( said, reported, learned…) +that 从句“ 据说（据报道，据悉…）”。
e.g. It is said that he is studying abroad.
= He is said to be studying abroad.
4) It is+过去分词(suggested ,ordered, required, commanded, advised, proposed, recommended ) +that sb. (should) do
e.g. It is suggested that you should get up early in the morning.
5) It is+名词( a pity，a shame，no wonder ... ) +that sb. (should) do表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”
e.g. It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
e.g. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ (没有 “竟然”此义时，则不用虚拟语气。）
6) It is time ( about time , high time ) +that sb. did/ should do “是（正是）…的时侯”。
e.g. It is time that you should work hard for you future.
7) It/ This is the first ( second … ) time+ (that) 从句
e.g. It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
8) It is +时间段+ since 从句
e.g. It is three hours since he finished his task.他已经完成任务三小时了。
9) It is ... when ... 译为“当……的时候，是……”。
e.g. It is 1999 when he was born. _____句？
e.g. It is in 1999 that he was born. ______句？
10) It be +时间段+ before从句
(1) It will be+时间段+ before从句 “要过……才……”
(2) It won’t be+时间段+ before从句 “不久……就……”
(3) It was+时间段+ before从句 “过了……才……”
(4) It wasn’t +时间段+ before从句 “不久……就……”
e.g. It will be three days/long before he comes back.
要过三天/很久他才回来。
e.g. It won’t be three days /long before he comes back.
不用三天/不多久，他就会回来。
e.g. It was three days/long before he came back.
过了三天/很久，他才回来。
e.g. It wasn’t three days /long before he came back.
不用三天/不多久，他就回来了。
11) It happens that从句 碰巧……
e.g. It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street.
12) It is no good (use ) doing sth. “做某事是没有用的/没有好处的”
e.g. It’s no use crying for the spoilt milk. 为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。
13) It doesn't matter whether ( if ) ......“不论（是否）…… 没关系……”。
e.g. It doesn’t matter whether you will come here or not. 你是否来这儿没有关系。
14) It looks ( seems ) as if ... it无意义,as if引导一个状从“看起来好象...” 如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．
e.g. It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天好像要下雨了。 （从句用陈述语气）
e.g. It looks as if he were a foreigner. 他看起来像个外国人。 （从句用虚拟语气

展开更多......

收起↑