资源简介

必修二UNIT 4 language point
☆☆☆本单元重点语言点：
☆词汇：chief, defence, surround, evidence, achievement, location (locate), battle, charge, announce, amount, approach, ensure, generous, position, eager, dot, roar, greet, custom, striking, crowd
☆短语：break away from..., belong to..., as well as..., keep your eyes open (for)
☆变形：philosophy (philosophical), individual (individually), puzzle (puzzled, puzzling), fascinate (fascination, fascinating), sense (sensory), transition (transitional)
【教材】What are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
1. chief [t i f]: adj. 最重要的;最高级别的(main/major)
the chief engineer/architect 总工程师/建筑师
the chief problem/reason 主要问题/原因(理由)
CEO = Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官；总裁
CFO = Chief Financial Officer 财务总监
n. (公司或机构的)首领; 酋长(复数: chiefs)
army/industry/police chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
【辨形】chef　n.厨师，主厨 （pl. chefs)
【教材】They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2. defence n.防御, 保卫[C/U]
She stepped back appearing (appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if _it_ defence.
*in defence (of...) 为了保卫(···)
e.g. They gave their lives in defence of freedom.
*in one's defence 为···辩护
*come to one's defence 保护某人
【语填】The high wall was built as a defence _against_ intruders.
defend vt./vi.保护, 保卫
*defend (…) against/ from… 保护/保卫…免受
【翻译】他们的职责就是保卫国家不受敌人侵害。
Their duty is to defend their country against enemy.
vt. 辩护 defend sb./one’s views
反义：offend vt./vi.冒犯, 进攻 offensive adj.冒犯的
【教材】Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history
3. surround vt.围绕；包围
(1) surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
(2) surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
[佳句]The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.[2020·浙江卷读后续写]饥饿的熊循着气味来到我们的营地, 它被很高的电线栅栏围着。
[指津]①surroundings常用复数形式, 表示周围的具体的物质环境；
②environment是集体名词, 常用单数形式, 表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
[练透]——单句语法填空
Surrounding yourself __with____ people who'll provide you with support can be very beneficial.
②[2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空] And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _surrounding__(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful _surroundings_ (surround).
[写美]——应用文之场景描写
绿树掩映, 这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。
[2020·全国Ⅱ, 书面表达] Surrounded by green trees, the farm _is located at_ the foot of the hill near our school. There is a small river flowing through the farm.
4. evidence n.[U]证据
*There is some/no evidence that... 有/没有证据表明......
*in evidence 显眼；显而易见
evident adj. 明显的，明白的
*It is evident (to sb.)that… （对某人来说）显然···
evidently adv. 显然地
联想：clear, obvious, apparent
【语填】(1) There’s some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.
(2) At present we have no evidence (evident) of life on other planets.
(3) Poverty is much in evidence in the city slums.
(4) It is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.
【翻译】His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust.
他的脚印在厚厚的灰尘中清晰可见。
The orchestra played with evident enjoyment.
*with evident enjoyment 兴致勃勃
【教材】Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
5. achievement [ 't i:vm nt] n. [C] 成就；成绩；达到
(1) a sense of achievement 成就感
(2) achieve vt. 完成；达到; vi. 成功
achieve one’s success 获得成功
achieve one’s goal 达到目标
(1) That surely gave her a great_sense of achievement_.
那无疑给了她很大的成就感。
(2) It takes hard work to achieve the final success .
要取得最终的成功需要努力。
(3) She hoped to achieve her goal to become an excellent director.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名优秀导演。
【教材】The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK.
6. location [l ke n ] n. 地方；地点；位置
(1) locate vt.坐落于；位于；定位，找出……的位置
locate sb./sth. 寻找某人某物
locate Berlin on the map
e.g. She turned around after hearing her father scream but couldn't locate him.
(2) located adj. 处于；位于；坐落在
*in/on/to 坐落于,位于（in 范围之内，on接壤，to 有一定距离）
*be located in=be situated in=lie in 位于
【语填】_Located_（locate）where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
It is a suitable _location_(locate) for a new airport.
【翻译】Mount Huang _is located in_（位于）Anhui Province.
【教材】They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
7. battle (1) n. [C] & [U] 战役；战斗 [C] 斗争；较量
fight / win / lose a battle
the Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
(2) vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
*battle against/with... 与……战斗
*battle for... 为……而战，为……而奋斗
【教材】 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
8. charge vt.充电
charge the battery 给电池充电 a battery charger 电池充电器
vt./vi.收费；充电；控告
*charge (sb)(sm.) for sth. 为某事收(某人的)费用
The hotel charged me 10 for room for the night.
*charge sb with sth. 控告某人犯某罪
【教材】 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
9. announce v. *announce sth. to sb. （没有双宾语用法）, ~ that…
(1)官宣，宣称
e.g.The news was announced to the public on TV.
(2)（广播）通知
e.g. Our flight hasn't been announced yet.
(3) (事情)显示…,预告
e.g. Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.
announcement n. (C)公告，声明
*make/issue an announcement 发表公告
【语填】The Greeks marched into Troy, announcing (announce) the Greek victory.
announcer n.（电视/广播）播音员
【教材】 She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
10. ensure vt. to make something certain to happen 确保，保证
【完形】She tried to figure out how to trap Betty and regarded Betty as her enemy, instead of ensuring herself to see what her real goal was in life.
【观察】Victory ensured them a place in the final.
*ensure sb. sth.=ensure sth. for sb.
*ensure sth./that... 从句
【翻译】已采取所有必要措施来确保他们的安全。
All necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety.
我们应该想尽一切办法确保自己不受一切可能的危险。
We should try all means to ensure ourselves from all possible risks.
*ensure...from/against 确保...不受...伤
【教材】 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
11. amount n.数量;总额,总数
*an amount of + [U] / pl. + 单数v. 大量的
e.g. A large amount of money was found in the old house.
=Large amounts of money were found in the old house.
*amounts of + [U] / pl. + 复数v. 大量的
*in large/small amounts大/少量的
区分：the amount of+[U], the number of+[C] ···的数量
【观察】Consumer spending on sports items amounted to 1 billion dollars.
*amount to... (1) 合计=add up to
Dreaming without hard work will never amount to anything.
(2)相当于=equal vi.总计,合计;相当于
只修饰不可数名词词汇荟萃：
a great deal of, a great amount of (large amounts of); much
【教材】It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
12. approach (1)v.接近, 靠近　n.接近；方法；途径
(1)adopt an approach to... 采用……的方法/途径
*with the approach of... 随着···临近
=with sth./sb. approaching...
【对比】The children fell silent at the approach of their teacher.
(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
sth./sb. be approaching 正在/将要接近
【观察1】(18全国I) Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
(3)approach the problem 着手处理问题
=sort out...=deal with...=resolve...=solve=handle
【观察2】We've just approached the bank for/about a loan.
(4)approach sb. about/for sth. 就/为某事与某人接洽
[练透]——单句语法填空/猜测词义
①At the meeting they discussed three different approaches _to_ the study of mathematics.
②We will be exploring different approaches to _gathering_ (gather) information.
③All the approaches to the airport were cut off because of the heavy snow.__通道__
[写美]——一句多译
此外, 随着高考的临近, 我们都在忙着为高考做充分的准备。[2020·浙江卷7月书面表达]
④What's more, with_the College Entrance Examination approaching/drawing near/around the corner, _we are busy making full preparations for it.
⑤Besides, _as the College Entrance Examination approaches/draws near/is around the corner, _we are busy making full preparations for it.(as引导状语从句)
【翻译】简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。
Jane got to her feet shakily, approached her husband, and threw herself into his arms, sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulder.
“(做)……的方法”的正确搭配：
①the approach to (doing) sth.
②the way to do/of (doing) sth.
③the means of (doing) sth.
④the method of (doing) sth.
【教材】Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
13. generous['d en r s] adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
e.g. generous support/offer
e.g. The car has a ~ amount of space.
*be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
*be generous with sth. 在某方面大方
*It's generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很慷慨
【语填】People present were impressed by his _generosity_ (generous).
【扩展】}n. generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽容或慷慨的行为；丰富
adv. generously adv. 慷慨地；不吝啬地；丰富地；丰盛地
【翻译】没有您的慷慨和鼓舞，我不可能取得如此惊人的进步。
Without your generosity and inspiration, I could not have made such striking progress.
【教材】They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
14. position vt. to put something or someone in a particular place
安置；把……放在适当位置
e.g. position the vase carefully on the table
【完形】After climbing up a hill for a full view of the blue sea, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take a photo.
[21·全国甲卷] Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
【练习】判断以下句子中position的含义。
(1) I'm writing to apply for the position in your company.
(2) He can identify each character's social position by their behaviour and language.
n. 位置，职位；姿态
e.g. sitting/standing/lying position 坐姿 / 站姿 / 卧姿
【语填】They are now in a better position _where_ they can be very successful this year.
posiiton n.处境，状况
【注意】定从中常用where引导的抽象名词作先行词的有：
situation, condition, position, case, state, stage, point
*前提是：该名词在定从中作地点状语。
【教材】Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today:...
15. break away (from...) 挣脱, 脱离···
【翻译】① 现在许多农民都想离开农村到城里谋生。
Nowadays many farmers want to break away from the rural life and make a living in cities.
②你应该改掉这个坏习惯。
You should break away from the bad habit.
form/develop a habit 养成习惯 get/fall into a bad habit 沾染坏习惯
【拓展】出故障, 情绪崩溃, 垮掉, （使）分解 break down
强行闯入, 插话 break in (~ into sth.) 折断, 中止 break off
（战争, 疾病, 灾难）爆发 break out 拆开;解散;结束;关系破裂 break up
突破, 克服, 战胜 break through
【教材】The four countries that belong to the United Kindom work together in some areas.
belong to 属于 (无被动语态及进行时态)
类似用法还包括：date back to/date from(追溯到)、consist of(包括)
e.g. The future belongs to the well-educated.
e.g. Success only belongs to the hard-working people.
【语填】A cultural relic is a treasure _belonging_ (belong) to all people rather than any individual.
【拓展】belongings n.财物
personal belongings 个人财物 a sense of belonging 归属感
e.g. The chair belongs in the other room.
*belong+prep.+n. 应在某处
【翻译】这本书应在何处？ Where does the book belong
【语填】Do you know _whom_ the book belongs to
Put the book _where_ it belongs.
【教材】The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of vocabulary, as well as the names of many locations across the UK.
17. A as well as B 谓语单复数看A
Jim is going to China this summer, and his parents as well.
= Jim as well as his parents _is_ (be) going to China this summer.
= Both Jim and his parents _are_ (be) going to China this summer.
=Not only Jim but also his parents _are_ (be) going to China this summer.
【观察】① The girl is lively as well as healthy.
② He wants a pen as well as a pencil.
③ As well as in Canada, the weather changes from season to season in China.
*as well as 通常连接两个对等的成分，即之前之后成分应同为主语、宾语、表语等。
*as well as 还可以表示 “和…一样好”，well可以是形容词，也可以是副词
【观察与对比】
I am also a student.= I am a students, too.
Lucy didn't go to the party, either.
Tony speaks Japanese as well.
as well 用在肯定句中，放在句子末尾
too 肯定句中用,放在句子末尾，常用逗号隔开
either 否定句中用，放句子末尾，常用逗号隔开
also 放在特殊动词之后，实义动词之前
【教材】If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
18. keep one's eyes open for...留心，留意
【拓展】
(1) keep an eye on... 照看，照管，留心注意
【翻译】我们已请邻居们在我们外出时替我们照看一下房子。(续写)
We have asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
(2) have an eye for... 对...有判断力/鉴赏力
【翻译】一个好的艺术家必须对色彩有鉴赏力。(续写)
A good artist must have an eye for colour.
(3) catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意
【“eye”相关表达】
one's eyes are wide with horror 某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛
one's eyes shine with excitement 某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒
one's eyes are filled with tears 某人的眼里充满泪水
one's eyes fall on someplace 某人的目光落在. ..
look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
one's eyes are fixed on . . . . . . 某人的目光紧盯着. . .
one's eyes scan . . . 某人的眼睛扫视. . .
one's eyes dropped to. . . 某人垂下眼睛看着. . .
【教材】I was eager to see/learn/hear that...
19. eager adj.渴望的，热切的
*be eager for sth.渴求某事物
*be eager to do…渴望做···
*be eager in…热衷于
e.g. She is eager for knowledge and eager to make progress, so she is eager in her studies.
【观察】She is eager to go to college, but anxious about not passing the entrance examinations.
*be anxious about…对···感到焦虑 *be anxious for...渴望得到···
eagerly adv. 热切地 eagerness n.[U]渴望
one’s eagerness to do…做···的渴望
【拓展】“渴望”的说法
*be eager/thirsty/hungry/anxious/desperate for sth./to do sth.
*desire to do sth., have a strong desire for sth.,
*long/starve to do/for sth.
【教材】On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
20. greet vt./vi.迎接，问候，打招呼，对···作出反应
*以···迎接/问候/打招呼··· greet...with...
【翻译】这位女演员露出迷人的微笑问候粉丝们。
The actress greeted her fans with her charming smile.
演讲受到了热烈欢呼。
The speech was greeted with loud cheers.
【翻译】Beautiful sunshine greeted us as we stepped off the plane.
当我们走下飞机时，绚丽的阳光映入眼帘。
greet vt.(景象，声音或气味) 映入眼帘; 传入耳(鼻)中
【翻译】走在校园中，迎面而来的是鸟儿的歌唱和清新的空气。
Walking in the campus, we are greeted with bird song and fresh air.
【教材】The peaceful landscape of the Emerald Isle and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
21. roll vt./vi.滚动，卷 vi.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动
e.g. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。
e.g. Dogs take much pleasure in rolling and rubbing their necks and backs with their paws.
e.g. Surrrounded by many students after class, he/she answered each question patiently, with sweats rolling down his/her cheeks.
e.g. Tears rolling in his eyes, he shared good news with Will.
e.g. The elderly woman entered the store, along with her daughter, who was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, sighing and checking her watch every few seconds.
e.g. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.(21全国I)
roll one’s eyes 翻白眼
【拓展】roll up your sleeves 跃跃欲试
【观察1】The comedian had the audience rolling in the aisles.
*be rolling in the aisles 笑得前仰后合=grin/smile from ear to ear
【观察2】The new model is to be rolled out in July.
*roll sth. out 公开发布/行/售
【教材】The peaceful landscape of the Emerald Isle and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
22. dot n.点;小(圆)点 vt.加点
e.g. The helicopters appeared as two black dots on the horizon.
e.g. Small villages dot the countryside.
*be dotted with... 点缀着
e.g. The countryside was dotted with small villages.
e.g. Dotted with glittering stars, the sky, the midnight blue, gave the scene a fairytale quality.
【教材】And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
22. roar /r :(r)/ vi.&n.吼叫;咆哮
e.g. We heard a lion roar.
*roar (out) one’s approval 大声叫好
*roar with laughter 开怀大笑
*roar away 呼啸而去
e.g. She stepped on the gas and the car roared away.
*a roar of applause 一阵掌声
e.g. His speech was greeted by a roar of applause.
【教材】What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
23. custom [ k st m ] n. 风俗；习惯；习俗
a local custom 当地的风俗习惯
(1) It’s the custom/traditional (for sb.) to do sth.
（对某人来说）做某事是一种习俗
e.g. It’s the custom/traditional for Chinese to watch lanterns/fireworks, guess lantern riddles and eat Yuanxiao.
【联想】It is typical of sb. to do sth.
某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事
[介绍习俗] Traditionally/Typically/By tradition, we (Chinese) will …=It is typical of Chinese to do...
(2) customs n.海关；关税
a customs officer 海关官员
customer n.顾客;主顾
custom- 按顾客要求···的 custom-made adj.定制的 custom-designed adj. [计] 专门设计的，定做的
customize vt.定制，定做，改制=tailor vt.
【教材】a striking image strike, struck, struck
24. striking [ stra k ]: adj. 引人注目的;显著的
e.g. Her eyes are her most striking feature.
*cut a striking figure on the course 在球场上崭露头角
【观察】Strike while the iron is hot.击打 *strike sb. on/in+身体部位
He was struck by a heart attack. *be struck by+疾病/灾害
The wind struck a chill into her bones.使穿透，使刺透
I am still struck by the beauty of the countryside.使喜爱，使处于特定状态
*It struck/hit/occurred to sb. that… 使突然想起
*strike sb. as sth. 给（某人以···）印象；让（某人）觉得
【观察】The church clock just struck twelve.敲钟
*strike/make a balance 取得平衡
*strike a bargain/deal/compromise 达成协议/妥协
*strike a match 划火柴
*strike…into one's heart 使···刻骨铭心
n.罢工；袭击
*go/be on strike for sth.
【教材】Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded.
25. crowd [kra d] vt.挤满;使…拥挤
*crowd into… 挤进
*crowd in (on sb) … 涌上(某人心头); 涌入(某人的脑海)
*be crowded with... 充满;挤满 =be full of
n.人群;一群人;民众
*a crowd of /crowds of 一群; 许多
*follow the crowd 随大流, 随波逐流, 人云亦云
*stand out from the crowd 脱颖而出
【派生】crowded adj. 拥挤的
【完成句子】
On the National Day, the streets _were crowded with_(挤满了) a large number of people.
【语法填空】
1. The two residents exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch happily in the _crowded_ (crowd) restaurant.
2. The children crowded packs of popcorn _into _ the basket, which gave off an inviting smell.
3. The happy memory crowded in _on _ me.
4. The happy memory crowded _into_ my mind.
其他语言点
1. Confucius [k n'fju s] n. 孔子
Confucian /k n fju: n/ adj 孔子的；儒学的; n. 儒家；儒家学者
Confucian school 儒家学派 Mencius 孟子
2. descendant [d send nt] n. 后代
descend v.下降；降落 (descend the stairs 下楼梯)
Chinese descendants in American 美籍华裔
【联想】ancestor n.祖先
3. individual [ nd v d u l]
individually adv.分别地，单独地，个别地 collective adj. 集体的
4. pull one’s leg 开某人的玩笑
be all ears 洗耳恭听
all thumbs 笨手笨脚的
green fingers 园艺技能
cost (sb) an arm and a leg 花了一大笔钱
see eye to eye 看法一致
hit the nail on the head 一针见血
laugh one’s head off 大笑不止
5. puzzle vt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困
*puzzle about/over sth.　仔细琢磨
n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题
*be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解
puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的
*be/feel puzzled about 对……感到困惑
【语法填空】There was a _puzzled_ look on the little girl's face because a _puzzling_ problem _puzzled_ her.(puzzle)
_Where_ the lost boy has gone still remains _ a _ puzzle _ to _ us.
The police are still puzzling _about/over_ how the accident could have happened.
[温馨提示]
puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等状态类过去分词作形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。

展开更多......

收起↑