资源简介

专题一 名词
复习目标
名词 名词的数 可数名词的变化规则
不规则变化
不可数名词 常见的不可数名词
抽象名词具体化
名词所有格 三种所有格的区别
考点解读
核心考点一 名词的数
1．规则可数名词的5种复数变化形式
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾直接加s book → books，mouth→ mouths
以s, x, ch，sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加es glass→ glasses，box→ boxes，match→ matches， brush→ brushes
以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词 变y为i再加es city→cities，country→countries，party→parties， factory→factories
以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加s radios, zoos, pianos kilos, photos，
有些在词尾加es Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
以f, fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v再加es life→lives,knife→knives， wolf→wolves, leaf→leaves，
少数直接加s roof→roofs，belief→beliefs
2.有些可数名词复数形式不是以加s或es构成，它们的构成形式不规则：
变化规则 例词
变内部元音 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, mouse→mice, tooth→teeth
词尾加en或ren ox→oxen, child→children
单复数同形 sheep, deer, means (方式;方法), series, Chinese, Swiss
[名师点津]
fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词;表示“条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同;但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。
3. 合成可数名词的复数
(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。
passerby →passersby, sisterinlaw →sistersinlaw,
grownup →grownups
(2)“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：
woman engineer →women engineers
4. 有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如：
congratulations(祝贺)，regards(问候)，respects(敬意)，thanks(谢谢)，wishes(祝愿)等。
5．一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：
①make friends with 与……交朋友
②shake hands with... 与……握手
③take measures 采取措施
④make preparations for 为……做准备
⑤in high spirits 兴高采烈地
小试牛刀
1．A cashier who has a changing sea of (customer) every day will only remember names for a short amount of time.(所给词的适当形式填空)
2．The festival is viewed as the end to a series of New Year (celebration) and is celebrated with the release of floating and flying lanterns. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．Second, there exist idiomatic (method) of saying something specific in Chinese but it is extremely hard for us to put it into English properly. （所给词的适当形式填空）
4．Later, (letter) appeared. However, it would take them days or even weeks to reach their destinations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe)that populations are increasing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
核心考点二 不可数名词
1. 常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)，cash(现金)，meat(肉)，paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)，knowledge(知识)，luck(运气)，scenery(风景)，traffic(交通)等。
(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)，equipment(设备)，fun(乐趣)，furniture(家具)，progress(进步)，news/word(消息)等。
2．抽象名词的具体化
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 使惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 使震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事情
小试牛刀
6．However, the new robotic arms cost no more than 1,000 yuan, which gives them an advantage for much wider (apply). (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to (curious). (所给词的适当形式填空)
核心考点三 名词所有格和名词作定语
1.名词所有格的形式
(1)’s所有格
①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加‘s 或’;表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加‘s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间
Tom and Jim’s room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
(2)of所有格
无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。
a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一个戏剧
a photo of mine我的一张照片
2.名词作定语
名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，作定语的名词有以下三种形式：
(1)一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge (石桥)，a meeting room (会议室)，morning exercise (早操)，London Airport (伦敦机场)，a story book (故事书)，a shoe shop (鞋店);
(2)man，woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a woman teacher (一位女教师)，two women teachers (两位女教师);
(3)sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等一般用复数形式。如a sports meet (运动会)，a goods train (货运列车)，a customs officer (海关官员)，a sales manager (销售部经理)
小试牛刀
8．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
9．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
链接高考
【规律总结】
技巧1　根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式
(1)不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式;
(2)有these, those, several, many, all, both, a pair of, a variety of, different或数词等修饰时名词用复数形式;
(3)名词前有one of, among时用名词复数形式。
技巧2　根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式
名词作主语时，如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。
技巧3　根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式及数词形式
表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需用复数形式。
真题演练
10．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. （所给词的适当形式填空）
12．He saved my (son) life, said Mrs. Brown. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13．While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit! (用适当的词填空)
14．The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.(所给词的适当形式填空)
15．In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their （marry）ceremony in 1842. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures... （所给词的适当形式填空）
17．（2021全国乙卷） (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. （所给词的适当形式填空）
18．Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（用单词适当形式填空）
10.Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
19．When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．customers
2．celebrations
3．methods
4．letters
5．belief
6．application
7．curiosity
8．weight
9．person’s
10．populations
11．responsibility
12．son’s
13．a
14．humans
15．marriage
16．watchtowers
17．Activities
18．celebration
19．competition
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页

展开更多......

收起↑