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专题二 代词
复习目标
代词的分类 人称代词 主格
宾格
物主代词 形容词性的物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词 基本用法
习惯搭配
几组不定代词 基本用法
区别
考点解读
核心考点一 代词的基本用法
1.人称代词与物主代词
数 人称 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
单数 一 I me my mine
二 you you your yours
三 he him his his
she her her hers
it it its its
复数 一 we us our ours
二 you you your yours
三 they them their theirs
She was beautiful and could run faster than others.
她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.
给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。
He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.
他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。
[注意]
（1）人称代词在句子中通常作主语和宾语。在并列的主语或宾语中，“I”或“me”总是放在最后，其排列顺序为：二、三、一(人称)。
（2）形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。
（3）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of min（my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。
(4)形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝ ... of one's own。
(5)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。2．反身代词
(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“self”(复数加selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加self(复数加selves)构成。
数人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表格或同位语
I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.
我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。
The table itself has only three legs.
这张桌子本身只有三条腿。
(3)反身代词的习惯用法
dress oneself 自己穿衣
occupy oneself with 忙于
behave yourself 举止规矩有礼
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
seat oneself 就座，入席
make yourself at home 别客气
teach oneself 自学
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
It's high time that we devoted/should devote ourselves to environmental protection．
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
(4)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地
of oneself自然地；自动地
by oneself独自地
in oneself本身
[注意]
使用反身代词时，其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用，否则使用人称代词。
3．几组不定代词的区别
(1) this, that, these, those的用法
指示代词 用法
this/these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。
What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
(2)不定代词 the other, other, others , another的用法
the other the other指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ..., the other ... “一个……另一个……”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
other other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指其他的全部人或事物时用the others
There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Tom's.
这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.
我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。
Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。
Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another.
回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。
(3) both, all, either, any, neither, none
都 任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither＝not either both和not连用
三者或三者以上 all any none＝not any all和not连用
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。
(4) no，none, nothing, nobody
(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a(any)或not at all，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：
You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.
你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。
(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：
①None of the books is suitable for the young.
这些书没有一本适合年轻人读。
②—How many people are there in the room
屋内有多少人？
—None.没人。
(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：
①—Who is in the room？谁在屋内？
—Nobody.没有人。
②Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：
①—Who is in the room？谁在屋内？
—Nobody.没有人。
②Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(5) something，anything，everything，nothing
(1)something一般用于肯定句中，也可以用于表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：
Could you do something for me
请为我做点事好吗？
(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：
There isn’t anything inside.
里面什么也没有。
(3)everything意为“一切事物”，可用于肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定，全部否定要用nothing或not anything。如：
①I hope everything goes well.
我希望一切顺利。
②Money isn’t everything.
金钱并非是万能的。
(4)nothing表示“什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：
He said nothing when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息时，什么都没有说。
(1)somebody/someone，anybody/anyone，everybody/ everyone，nobody/no one的用法同上。
(2)复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数；被形容词或其他的定语修饰时，定语要后置。
小试牛刀
1．The flowing water joins here to form it. On average, the evaporation (蒸发) there is more than 60 times of the annual rainfall. (用适当的词填空)
2．She has composed several songs, including called the “Little dog in Dream"， where she imagined her life with the company of a guide. (用适当的词填空)
3．Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. (所给词的适当形式填空）
4． (they) coming to help was a great encouragement to us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
5．The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions. （用适当的词填空）
核心考点二 it的用法
1.it作人称代词的用法
(1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。
It's about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。
2．用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time＋that从句　某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time＋that sb.has/have done
这是某人第几次做某事
It's＋时间段＋since从句　自从……有多长时间了
It's＋时间段＋before从句　过了多长时间才……
As far as I know, it is 8 years since his father passed away.
据我所知，他父亲去世已经八年了。
3．it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
As far as I'm concerned, it's necessary to have a good command of English.
就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。
②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
It is silly of you to give up such a good chance.
放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。
③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。
④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without...为真正的主语)
⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
It's necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.
我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。
小试牛刀
6．A drama series named Medal of the Republic has appealed to a large audience on Chinese social media in the last few weeks. tells heart-warming stories about the first group of eight Chinese people who were awarded the Medal of the Republic. (用适当的词填空)
7．Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.（用适当的词填空）
8．Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. （用适当的词填空）
9．You can rely on that he’ll come to meet you on time. (用适当的词填空)
链接高考
【规律总结】
1.明确指代
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：
（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；
（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；
（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。
2.理清逻辑
需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:
（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；
（2） 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
真题演练
10．（2022年全国乙卷） The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I). (所给词的适当形式填空）
12．Ecotourism has (it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. (所给词的适当形式填空）
13．She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. （所给词的适当形式填空）
14．Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. （所给词的适当形式填空）
15．As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．A study shows the students who are engaged in after school activities are happier than who are not. (用适当的词填空)
17．Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
19．When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive. （所给词的适当形式填空）
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参考答案：
1．that
2．one
3．herself
4．Their
5．neither
6．It
7．it
8．it
9．it
10．its
11．mine
12．its
13．herself
14．its
15．themselves
16．those　
17．myself
18．it
19．them
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页

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