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选择性必修二 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-Using language 词汇练习及句型讲练
根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。（P41—46）
The dog has been b______________ for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.
Timmy is holding a table tennis b____________ and his short hair is d_____________ with sweat.
He finally has finished the research paper under his tutor’s ____________________(指导).
The company has launched an ___________________(广告活动) campaign to promote its ______________(公司的) image.
They sailed on ________________(汹涌的) seas for days before they landed on the wrong side of South Georgia island.
Let’s move on to the next ____________________(应试者). What do you think about Frank Worsley
Frank Wild, a _________________(忠诚的) and good leader, experienced in exploring the Antarctic.
And he paid us back by his ____________________(承诺) to save us from a slow but painful death.
What were the ___________________(动机) for their actions
The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low w____________ and had to ______________(容忍) poor working conditions and rough seas.
二、单句语法填空（P44—46）
1. It was easy _______________(imagine) the danger ahead of them.
2. What if they _________________(delay) We felt so alone and ___________________(desperately).
3. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music ______________(cheer) us up.
4. _________________(stay) alive took all our time and energy.
5. But how could we make fire There were no trees ______________(grow) on Antarctica and __________ oil, so the only fuel _____________ we could use was animal fat. This gave off _____________(oil), black smoke, but it stayed _______________(burn) even in strong winds.
6. If it weren’t for sea animals, we _______________ all starve. As _______ chef, it was my duty ___________(cook).
7. We had to be careful not ____________(go) outside too often, as the _______________(change) temperatures could make us ill.
8. Our discipline and team spirit kept us _________________(optimism) and helped us deal with our fears ______ a positive and successful way.
9. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times ____________ we caught a sea animal. This was ___________ episode in my life __________ I would never forget.
10. When we were finally _______________(rescue), we felt such ______________(relieve) and joy that many of us could not hid our tears.
三、写出下列词组含义，并用其适当形式填空。
consist of ___________________ cheer sb. up _________________ stay in good spirits _____________
ahead of… __________________ have faith in_________________ sign up for ____________________
give off _____________________ what if… ___________________ give way to ___________________
ever since ___________________ pay back ___________________ commit oneself to ______________
give off _____________________ in all directions ______________ have a strong resolution _________
arranger for _________________ find/seek help _______________ the chances of _________________
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that ________________ light in the dark.
I have been in low spirits these days, but the success of the project eventually ___________________________.
___________________ they talked a long time about the topic you weren’t that interested in
Why not __________________ the courses offered by the physical education department They are interesting.
Being a volunteer, he ________________________ helping the poor and needy in his spare time.
There are dozens of difficulties to deal with, yet we still _____________________ victory.
When the police arrived, the crowd scattered ____________________ once and for all.
Karen especially likes to visit markets in small towns, whenever she can _______________________ it.
Herbert has undergone therapy(治疗) ______________________ going without air for several minutes, being unconscious for two and a half months.
The most important is not _________________________ a famous authority but courageously defend your opinion.
四、重点句式讲练
1. What if they were delayed
what if…意为“要是…怎么办？”=What would happen if… 常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等。
拓展：What/How about… …怎么样？ What for 为什么？ So what 那又怎样？ How come 怎么会呢？
1). ---________________ it rains tomorrow ---We will just have to put it off.
2). _________________ playing jokes on Li Ming tomorrow
3). ---Please fetch me a piece of paper, Mary. ---__________________
4) ---They don’t say a single word to each other. ---_________________
5). 如果我没法提前完成这个任务怎么办？(manage; assignment; ahead of)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. a. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
b. Three were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil…
复习there相关句式
复习doing 作后置定语
1). 所有居住在这个星球上的个人都有责任保护环境。(doing作状语)
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2). 如果我们看了电视的话，有一个好消息能让我们振奋。(if虚拟或倒装句；there be 句式)
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3. If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.
复习虚拟语气用法，尤其是if虚拟, 并考虑以下句子是否可用其倒装用法。
1). 如果温度变化让我生病的话，我会立刻去看医生。（straight away）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 如果我是你，我会对这个枯燥的工作感到厌烦。（be bored with）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3). 如果你真诚地向他求助的话，你就不会遭受拒绝了。(turn…down; genuinely)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4). 没有我们的乐观和对Shackleton的信任，我们无法顽强地活下来。(without虚拟语气)
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4. a. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could.
b. They also had to have a strong resolution to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was.
It was one’s duty to do… 表“做…是某人的职责”
复习“疑问词+ever”用法，注意引导状语从句和名词性从句的区别。
1). 督促你们好好学习是我的职责。（urge）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 无论在探险中我们遇到什么挑战，我们都用乐观的方式来应付恐惧。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3). 我信任任何当我出于逆境中帮助我的人。(have faith in)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.
无灵主语: 所谓无灵主语，就是将无生命的名词或名词短语作为句子主语。
a. 时间、地点名词作主语，谓语动词用“ witness; see; find”来表达发生的事情
I grow up in my hometown. =_______________________________ my growth.
b. 情感类名词或心理活动名词作主语: 高中常见情感类的词及其转化: 如：surprise- surprise
admire-admiration amaze -amazement annoy -annoyance angry - anger
anxious- anxiety astonish-astonishment bitter-bitterness bore---boredom
delight -delight despair-despairs disappoint-disappointment joy -joy
eager -eagerness horrify- horror embarrass -embarrassment sad-sadness
happy- happiness lonely-loneliness puzzle-puzzlement relieve-relief
regret -regret satisfy-satisfaction shame-shame sorry---sorrow
在这些情感名词之后，带上动词诸如 seize，grip，visit，haunt，come over，well up等
He felt very anxious. =__________________ tore him into pieces.
c. 主语是具有动词意味的名词，常见表达: the sight of看到，the thought of 想到
Immediately I saw the clock, I knew that I was late. = ____________________ reminded me that I was late.
d. 使用抽象名词作主语
When she was alone, she felt a strange peace. =____________________ came over her when she was alone.
练习：
1). After ten minutes, we walked to the destination. =________________________ brought us to the destination.
2). We went an extraordinary hiking last Sunday, which excited the nerves of everyone.
__________________________________________________ which excited the nerves of everyone.
3). She was seized by/with fear. =____________ rooted her to the ground. =_________________________________
4). I feel sad when I think that you are leaving for home. =_______________________ your departure pains me.
5). I will remember the experience for ever. = ________________________ will take root in my mind.
7. Life fell into a regular pattern.生活陷入了固定的模式。
我毕业之后，生活陷入了固定的模式—往返于学校
____________________________________________________________________________________________
五、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we’re young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled 1__________ (country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here's the thing about courage: It doesn’t just appear whenever we need it. It’s the result of tough 2__________(consider) and real work, involving the balance 3__________ fear and bravery. Without fear, we’ll do foolish things. And without courage, we’ll never step into 4__________ unknown. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it’s a balance we all deal with every day...
I 5___________(diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what was 6__________(extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me 7__________(limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world.
Life is already8__________ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and 9__________(find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know 10__________ it might lead you in the life journey.
六、阅读理解
A
Thankfully, I found the courage to persevere in the face of adversity and succeeded. Otherwise. I could be a victim and feel sorry for myself for the rest of my life.
A doctor told me at a young age that I would likely never graduate from high school due to my severe hearing loss and my extremely slow speech development. I found the courage to work hard in school and be active in sports and other activities despite wearing hearing aids and living with a 70% hearing loss. By the time I was college-age, I started losing my night vision. I decided to go away to college 300 miles from home. I obtained my bachelor' s degree and graduated with honors. Even though I had terrible hearing loss and was beginning to lose my sight at night, I found the courage to begin a professional career.
After earning my MBA degree, I accepted a position with Kellogg in the Corporate Affairs Department. When I was working on my MBA degree, I found the courage to ask someone successful despite facing similar challenges to mentor（指导）me. He encouraged me to consider Kellogg as he knew the company was committed to diversity and inclusion（包容）. I nervously started my new career, because my vision loss had progressed significantly in the past few years. I am thankful to have a mentor that encouraged me and I am thankful I found the courage to apply for a position with Kellogg.
While Kellogg fosters a supportive, encouraging environment, it still takes courage for me to require what I need to make sure I am successful in my career. I need courage to speak up and ask for suitable accommodations to do my job. I also have to ask for assistance navigating through unfamiliar areas. I have found that everyone at Kellogg is always more than willing to take my requests into account.
Even though I face daily challenges, I have so much to be grateful for. We often face difficulties we cannot control, but we can be courageous in order to face adversity and address challenges.
1．What does the underlined word "adversity" in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Advertisement. B．Reality. C．Difficulty. D．Reward.
2．When the author was in high school, what happened to her
A．she was very talkative in class B．she was engaged in sports actively
C．she suffered a severe medical error D．she dropped out once for her hearing loss
3．What motivated the author to apply for a job in Kellogg
A．A mentor's encouragement. B．Her aggressive personality.
C．Her interest in a challenging job. D．The company's support for the disabled.
4．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．she picked up many skills in this job B．she has met with a lot of misunderstandings
C．she has to gain lots of support for her career D．she achieved great success during her career
B
Starting this year, Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)scores will be about more than just how many correct answers a person has on the test. The College Board in charge of the SAT recently published a new policy. It will include something called an "adversity score", based on 31 different factors and ranging from I to 100.A score of 50 is an "average level of disadvantage", said The New York Times. A higher score means a student has faced more adversity. It will cover 150 colleges later this year and be available to all US colleges in 2020.
What kind of adversity do students face African-American students, for example, are more likely to attend underfunded(资金不足的) schools, and their families usually can’t afford extra SAT lessons. Higher SAT scores have been found to have a close tie with students from richer families and those with better-educated parents, reported The New York Times. As a result, the SAT has long been criticized for its unfairness.
The new adversity score tries to deal with that reality. If a student came from a poor neighborhood or attended a high school without enough funding, this information will be given to college administrators. While one student's SAT score may be lower than her rich classmates, college administrators may assume that she did her best in a bad situation.
This sounds good, but the College Board has received a lot of criticism for this new development. Parents are worried. They’re concerned that their children's hard work would be "completely neglected“(忽视)just because they happened to come from a rich family.
Writing in Time, Andre J. Washington and Daniel Hemel call the adversity score a half-hearted effort. They say the score fails to directly deal with racial inequality(种族不平等).They also say that the problems experienced by African-Americans are deeper than just low scores and school funding. For example, they point out that African-American students are less likely to have supportive relationships with teachers, so they are less likely to have satisfying recommendation letters.
At least they're trying, says Richard D Kahlenberg, a senior fellow a The Century Foundation.” An imperfect adversity score is better than failing to consider the difficulty so many students get through”, he said." The adversity score is simple and direct.”
5．What does “adversity" probably mean in the passage
A．Mess B．Difficulty C．Confusion D．Failure
6．What is "that reality "in paragraph 3
A．Schools are underfunded. B．The media have caused the unfairness.
C．Parents are not well-educated. D．Family status greatly affects students' scores.
7．What might the influence of “adversity score”
A．It will narrow the gap between the white and the black.
B．Students from poor families are likely to benefit from it.
C．It will encourage students to work harder for high scores.
D．Students from rich families may have higher adversity scores.
8．Why is there criticism of the adversity score
A．It fails to take students' difficulties into consideration.
B．It will make racial inequality a more serious problem.
C．The relationship between teachers and students will be affected.
D．Efforts made by students from rich families will be undervalued.
七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆ Be aware of, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. __9__ To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world there is unmistakable struggle. There are floods, tsunamis, wars and disasters of all types. Although pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆ Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating emotional strength, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. __10__
◆ Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. __11__ We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help guide you through the difficult time.
◆ That what does not kill you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience (韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. __12__ Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆ Take inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable (无法超越的) difficulties. __13__ For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A．Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B．But just knowing a friend is there can be most comforting.
C．But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D．He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E．When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F．Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G．They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
Unit 4 Using Language参考答案：一二略
三、1 gives off 2 cheers me up 3 What if 4 sign up for 5 committed himself to
6 have faith in 7 in all directions 8 arrange for 9 ever since 10 to give way to
四、1. 1) What if 2) What/How about 3) What for 4) How come
5) What if I can’t manage to complete the assignment ahead of time
2. 1) All individuals living on the planet have the responsibility to protect the environment.
2) If we had watched TV, there would have been good news to cheer us up.
=Had we watched, there would have been good news to cheer us up.
3. 1) If the changing temperatures made/were to make/should make me ill, I would go and see a doctor straight away.
=Were the changing temperatures to make me ill/Should the changing temperatures make me ill, I would…(倒装)
2). If I were you, I would be bored with such a boring job.
=Were I you, I would…(倒装)
3). If you had asked him for help/had turned to him genuinely, you wouldn’t have been turned down.
4) Without our optimism and faith in Shackleton, we wouldn’t have persevered in staying alive.
4. 1) It is my duty to urge you to study hard.
2) No matter what challenges we encountered during the expedition, we dealt with our fears in an optimistic way.
3). I have faith in whoever can do me a favor when I am in adversity.
6. a. My hometown has witnessed/seen b. Anxiety c. The sight of the clock d. A strange peace
1) A ten minutes’ walk 2) Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary hiking
3) Fear =Fear seized her. 4). The thought of 5). The experience
7. After graduation, my life fell into a regular pattern---to and from school.
五、1 countries 2 consideration 3 between 4. The 5 was diagnosed 6 extremely
7 to limit 8 scary 9 finding 10 where
六、阅读理解 CBAC BDBD AFECG

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