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历年高考英语一词多义汇总（三）
H
1. head
(1) n. 头，头部；头脑
(2023·全国甲卷) It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
书里充满了对我来说很新鲜的想法，所以我整个夏天都在书里进进出出。它对我说话，把我带进了一个哲学的世界。
(2022·浙江1月卷) Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.
意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的，而不是通过计算，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。
(2) n. （团体、组织）负责人；（学校、学院）领导人
(2023·全国甲卷) Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
主厨David Thompson在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店。
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project.
“太阳能项目需要成为好邻居，”创新场地准备和减少环境影响(InSPIRE)项目负责人乔丹·麦克尼克说。
(3) vi. 动身去
(2022·新高考I卷) The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
我们出发的时候，天空晴朗，但是山上的暴风雨来得很快，这场暴风雨很快打断了我们平静的早晨旅行。
2. hit
(1) v. & n. 撞击；冲击；打击；使（身体部位）碰上（某物）
(2021·浙江6月卷) Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.
70年代中期的夏天都是在家里投篮、打棒球或扔足球，为我将来成为橄榄球队的四分卫做准备。
(2) vt. 遇到（困难）；经历（不愉快）
(2023·新课标II卷) You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁。
(3) vt. 使突然想起
(2021·北京卷) When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.
当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然想起我们要建造的每一个工具包最终都会掌握在一个伊拉克孩子的手中。
(4) vt. 产生不良影响；袭击；危害；打击
(2024·浙江1月卷) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.
1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里南部郊区。
(2022·浙江1月卷) The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.
她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作。
3. home
(1) n. 家，房子；住所；家庭
(2023 全国乙卷) It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。
(2) 家乡；故乡
(2021·全国甲卷) I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.
我回到家乡麦克尔斯菲尔德拍摄一些冬季照片。
(3) n. （动植物）生息地；栖息地；产地
(2020 新高考I卷) His efforts made 1,360 acres of natural land home to many plants and animals.
他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
(4) n. 发祥地；发源地
(2023 新高考I卷) Shanghai may be the recognized home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，毗邻的运河小镇南翔才是小笼号的发源地。
(5) n. 养老院；养育院
(2022·新高考I卷) The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
伦敦养老院的老年居民得到了照顾母鸡的机会，以防止他们感到孤独。
(6) adj. 本国的；国内的
Shanghai Museum has a large collection of works of art from home and abroad.
上海博物馆收藏了大量来自国内外的艺术品。
(7) adv. 在家；向家
(2023·新课标II卷) We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently.
我们有学生说，他们回家后和父母交谈，现在他们的饮食习惯不同了。
4. hold
(1) vt. 抓住；拿着；握住
(2023·天津6月卷) Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire.
放学后，我紧紧地拿着乐队指挥的许可条，一路跑回家，颤抖地把它交给父母，生怕他们会拒绝我的愿望。
(2) vt. 举行；举办
(2022·全国乙卷) Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
从世界各地的收藏中挑选出来，这是他四十多年来第一次举办的大型展览。
(3) vt. 容纳
(2021·新高考II卷) Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more.
打包一个袋子，切一个蛋糕，猜测哪个果汁容器装的液体最多，等等。
(4) vt.占据；拥有
(2021·天津6月卷) Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities.
艺术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是许多其他事物无法做到的;艺术能赚钱，并在社区中拥有重要的情感和文化价值。
(5) v. 保持
(2021·浙江1月卷) Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。
5. house
(1) n. 房子；住所
(2024·浙江1月卷) I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. 我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。
(2) n. 某种用途的建筑物
(2023·全国甲卷) Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.
在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。
(2) vt. 给（某人）提供住处
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
数百万英亩的湿地被干涸，以养活和容纳不断增长的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。
I
1. iron
(1) n. 铁
Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。
(2) n.＆v. 熨斗；用熨斗烫
(2023 新高考I卷) It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。
(3) vt. 解决影响……的问题（或困难）
(2023 浙江1月卷) Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.
这些错误无疑会被解决，但它们也指出了一个根本问题。
2. interest
(1) vt.使感兴趣
(2023·北京卷) Then，an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me.
然后，一位OIC代表给了我们一些细节，这让我有点感兴趣。
(1) n. 兴趣；关注
(2023·天津6月卷) A passionate interest works wonders. 热情的兴趣能创造奇迹。
(2023·北京卷) The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest.”
这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注。”
(3) n. 利益 利息
The money was repaid with interest. 这笔钱是带息偿还的。
J
1. jam
(1) n. 果酱
I had two jam sandwiches.我吃了两个果酱三明治。
(2) vt. & n.（使）塞满；（使）堵塞，困境
(2021·浙江1月卷) At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly prevented entry.
起初，我的眼睛上方被卡住了，然后，当我继续我的任务时，我不愿意放弃，我的鼻子暂时阻止了进入。
(2019·浙江卷) Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.
数百名粉丝挤在机场迎接他们。
(2023·全国甲卷) Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common
这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？
2. just
(1) adv. 正好；恰好
(2024·浙江1月卷) One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.
Chuck Doswell是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。
(2) adv. 只是，仅仅
(2023·全国乙卷) If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读对象。
(3) adj. 公道的；公正的
That is a just decision. 那是公正的判决。
K
1. key
(1) n. 钥匙；答案
(2024·浙江1月卷) So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。
(2) n. (打字机、钢琴等的) 键
(2019·全国I卷) This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
这款智能键盘可以精确地测量输入的节奏以及手指按下每个键的压力。
(3) n. 关键、要害
(2023·北京卷) ALife holds the key to human future. Alife是人类未来的关键。
(4) adj. 最重要的；主要的；关键的
(2023 新高考I卷) The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
2. kill
(1) v. 杀；杀死
(2023·全国甲卷) Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
没有什么比那些自认为比你更了解福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子的人更能扼杀人们对哲学的热爱了，他们还试图解释这些哲学。
(2) vt.消磨
(2023·天津6月卷) For Cruse, what started out as a way to kill time has now developed into a way to make a difference in the heart of a child.
对克鲁斯来说，一开始是消磨时间的方式，现在已经发展成为改变孩子内心的一种方式。
L
1. land
(1) n. 土地；陆地
(2024·浙江1月卷) But farmers in east-central Alberta--downwind of the hail project flights-- worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
(2) v. 着陆 ；降落；登陆
(2021·全国甲卷) A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!”
几分钟后，当我落地时，我的朋友们大声拍着他们的棋盘，喊道：“安全!安全!安全！”
(3) vt. 成功得到，赢得
(2021·浙江卷) However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
然而，在接下来的8年里，成为一名全职、成功的演员仍然是一场艰苦的战斗，直到他得到了一些电影角色，最终引起了他的注意。
2. last
(1) adj. & adv. 最近的；上一个的；最近；最新；上一次
(2024·浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。
(2) adj. & adv.最后的，末尾的；最后；最终；终结
(2024·浙江1月卷) The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。
(2024·浙江1月卷) “It’s just the beginning,” she thought. “I’ll come in last for sure.”
她想：“这才刚刚开始，肯定会是最后一个。”
(3) vi. 持续；延续
(2023·全国甲卷) That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.
这种对哲学的热爱一直持续到我上大学。
3. learn
(1) v. 学习；学会；学到
(2023·全国甲卷) You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.”
你应该学会对自己说：“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受。”
(2) vt. 听到；得知；获悉
(2023 新高考I卷) Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。
(3) vt. 认识到；意识到；（从……）吸取教训
(2023 北京卷) Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划。
4. lesson
(1) n. 课；一节课；一课时
(2024·浙江1月卷) For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。
(2) n.教训（不悦的经历）
(2023 北京卷) Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a lecture--at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.
我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。
8. lift
(1) vt. 举起；抬起；提升
(2023 新高考I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
(2) v. 高兴起来；使更愉快
(2023·全国乙卷) I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.
我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪。
(3) n.电梯
(2021 新高考I卷) Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.
我们的大楼里甚至有一个小小的电梯，上面有一个女声用完美的法语说着：“Ouverture des portes”。
(4) n. 搭便车
I will give you a lift to the station.
我用车顺便送你去车站。
M
1. match
(1) n.比赛
(2021·全国乙卷) Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
就连足球迷也倾向于每人有一个座位；成千上万人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
(2) vt.般配；与……相配
(2022·浙江1月卷) Above all, I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive, extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.
最重要的是，我希望他不要让我和那个争强好胜、极其严肃的家伙一起工作，他总是穿着深色的衣服，显然有一种与之相配的性格。
(3) vt.适应；满足
(2023·天津6月卷) The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
最好的沟通者是那些知道如何调整语言以适应听众的人。
(4) n.相配的人（或物）；般配的人（或物）
(2022·全国考II卷) I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
我带了一本儿童读物来读。上面有简单的文字和色彩丰富的图画——与他的年龄非常匹配。
(5) n.火柴
The match flared and went out.
火柴闪亮了一下就熄了。
2. mean
(1) vt. 意思是，意味着
(2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。
(2) vi.打算；意欲
(2023 新高考I卷) You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
(3) adj. 吝啬的；卑鄙的；刻薄的
(2022·浙江1月卷) He wasn't mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
他既不刻薄，也不骂人；他给我的印象是，无论我们想做什么，他一个人做都能做得更好。
3. miss
(1) vt.错过；未击中；未看见
(2023·全国乙卷) I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
我错过了很多美丽的日落/日出，因为我只在最佳时刻到来前五分钟就到了现场。
(2) vt.想念
(2022·全国甲卷) “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“我会想念这些旧船的，”离别时他说。
(3) n.小姐；女士
(2023 全国甲卷) In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed us insects on stamps.
在那节课上，我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。
N
1. narrow
(1) adj.狭窄的
(2023·浙江1月卷) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。
(2) adj.勉强的，几乎未成的
He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。
(3) v.使窄小；变窄；缩小
(2021·浙江1月卷) But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed sharply.
但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。
2. nature
(1) n.自然；自然界
(2023·全国乙卷) It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.
它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。
(2) n.本质；本性
(2021·全国甲卷) Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.
爱因斯坦是个天才。他的脸几乎是天才的国际象征。但我们想超越一个人，探索天才本身的本质。
O
operate
(1) v. 动手术
And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her leg.
后来在11月晚些时候Tilly的腿做了手术。
(2) v. 操作，操纵；管理，经营
(2023·浙江1月卷) InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.
InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以一种对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。
(2023·浙江1月卷) Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.
大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。
(2022·全国甲卷) An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.
到达事故现场的警察可以索要司机的手机，并使用文本分析仪检查操作系统的近期活动。
P
1. park
(1) n. 公园
(2023·全国乙卷) I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
我喜欢和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照。
(2) v. 停车；（暂时）留下（某人），寄存（某物）
(2023·浙江1月卷) I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years.
我把车停在农场外面，经过一个显然已经很多年没有使用过的挤奶房。
2. passage
(1) n. 段落，节
(2024·浙江1月卷) Without batting an eye, he would quote a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole.
他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。
(2) n. 通道，走廊；旅费；(法律、议案等)通过
(2021·新高考I卷) In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎图章法案》(the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act)的通过，一个日益关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟和对它们生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
3. picture
(1) n. 画，图画
(2023·全国乙卷) The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect.
她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。
(2) v. 想象，设想
(2023·新课标II卷) Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.
想象一下：我的孙子坐在我的腿上，我把书放在他面前，这样他就能看到图片了。
4. position
(1) n. 位置；地方
(2023·全国乙卷) The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.
这个位置使我们能够以落日为背景俯瞰湖面。
(2) n. 姿势；姿态
(2019·江苏卷) Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.
调整到直立姿势是相当大的挑战，尤其是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
(3) n. 职位，工作；立场，观点
(2019·全国I卷) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
通过暑期就业机会计划，学生们每年都会在全省公共服务、相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期职位上工作。
(4) v. 安装；安置；使处于
(2021·全国甲卷) In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现。
5. practice
(1) n.练习；实践；实际行动
(2023·天津6月卷) These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material.
这些考试通常是学生用来练习的，可以让你了解老师是如何提问的，以及他们认为哪些是相关的材料。
(2024·浙江1月卷) In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.
在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。
(2) n.惯常做的事；习惯；习俗
(2022·全国甲卷) The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
你在某个国家待的时间越长，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。
(3) v. 练习；经常做
(2023·全国甲卷) And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.
我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。
(4) v.从事（医务工作、法律专业等）；执业
Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。
R
1. read
(1) v. 阅读；读；朗读
(2023 新高考I卷) I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
我从图书馆借了六本关于保罗·里维尔的书。我甚至读了一些。
(2) v. 理解；猜测；揣摩
(2023·天津6月卷) However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.
然而，新的研究表明，狗可以读懂人类的行为，并且更喜欢那些更友好或对食物更慷慨的人。
(3) v. 写着；写成
(2022 新高考I卷) One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.”
一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。另一个是：如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。
(4) n. 读物
(2023 新高考I卷)The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life.
《闲人》是一本鼓舞人心的读物，它会让你对生活感觉更好。
S
1. score
(1) n.（比赛、考试中的）得分，比分；成绩
(2023·北京卷) Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.
最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。
上半场比分为二平。
(2) n. 乐谱，总谱
(2021 新高考I卷) His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边，翻动乐谱，这样音乐家就不会因为自己翻动乐谱而打断声音的流动。
(3) v. 淘到；买到；得到
(2021 全国甲卷) It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
这是处理旧衣服，从朋友那里买衣服，同时举办派对的最好方法。
(4) n. 20个；约20个
Several cabs and a score of cars were parked outside.外边停着二十几辆汽车和几辆出租车。
2. separate
(1) adj. 各自的，独立的，单独存在的
(2024·浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。
(2022·全国甲卷) After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
第三次跑完后，安德鲁关掉了引擎，我们分道扬镳——他去吃午饭，我去探索这座城市。
(2) v. 分离，分开
(2019·江苏卷) How can we bridge the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals
我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？
我们再也不能在一起工作了，我看得各奔东西了。
2. stage
(1) n.舞台
(2022·全国甲卷) It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.
很难找出一个没有在这里登台的喜剧明星。
(2) n.阶段；时期；状态；步骤
(2023·浙江1月卷) As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
正如Northwestern University电子工程和计算机科学教授Kristian Hammond)所说：“系统从来没有一个阶段知道自己在说什么。”
3. spare
(1) adj. 空闲的；业余的
(2023·全国乙卷) We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.
我们设法离开这个地方，爬到更高的地方，因为有空闲时间直到日落。
(2) adj. 备用的；外加的；多余的
(2024·浙江1月卷) So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。
(3) vt. 拨出，匀出
(2020·全国II卷) Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day.
然后我可以抽出一些时间来重新学习，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。
4. stand
(1) vi. 站；站立
(2023·浙江1月卷) I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering.
我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们群的中央，开始盘旋。
(2) vt. 忍受
I can’t stand his brother.他弟弟让我受不了。
(3) 位于（某处）；处于（某种状态或情形）
(2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
(2022·浙江6月卷) Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.
不幸的是，我们之间存在着语言障碍。
(4) n. 架子；摊位；看台
(2021·新高考I卷) I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.
我正翻页准备翻下一页，但翻页时产生的气流把多余的书页从书架上刮了下来。
(2021·天津6月卷) At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。
5. still
(1) adv. 仍然；还
(2022·全国甲卷) Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.
许多年前，我在Garfagnana买了一栋房子，我们每年夏天都会去那里。
(2) adj. 静的，不动的
(2023·新课标II卷) Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.
无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)
6. state:
(1) n.国家、州
(2023·全国乙卷) Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
生活在爱荷华州并试图成为一名专注于景观的摄影师可能是一个相当大的挑战，主要是因为这个产玉米的州缺乏地理变化。
(2) n.状态
(2023·全国甲卷) So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。
(3) vt.陈述、阐述
(2021·全国甲卷) Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius.
我们都清楚：爱因斯坦是个天才。他的脸几乎是天才的国际象征。
7. shot
(1) n.射击；射门；投篮
(2019·全国II卷) Jeff had hunted in Lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off.
感恩节前Jeff带着狗在Lowa打猎，但枪声把狗吓跑了。
(2) n. 照片
(2023·全国乙卷) To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
为了拍摄我的一些风景照片，我花了四个小时的时间在10分钟的时间内拍摄。
(3) n.尝试；努力
(2023 新高考I卷) If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.
如果你愿意努力，我认为你有很好的机会。
(4) n.少量饮料；（尤指）少量烈酒
Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.
工作人员会为客人举办大量的酒吧活动，比如免费喝酒、泡吧和卡拉OK。
8. spring
(1) n.春天；春季
(2024·浙江1月卷) Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free.
然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。
(2) n.泉水
(2021 新高考I卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.
爬完山，你一定要试试泡一泡山脚下的温泉。
(3) v. & n.跳；跃；蹦
(2023 天津6月卷) Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character.
当你想到讲故事时，你首先想到的可能是当妈妈或爸爸给你讲关于王子、城堡和怪物的故事时，你脑海中形成的幻想世界，每个角色都有独特的声音。
T
1. tell
(1) vt. 告诉；讲述
(2023·全国乙卷) Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.
那些失败的人往往只有他们的东西来讲述他们的故事。
(2) vt. 分辨；判断；确定
(2023·新课标II卷) George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
丈夫乔治试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。
2. touch
(1) v. 接触，碰；（使）感动
(2022·全国甲卷) In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers.
在智利，你不能用手指碰任何食物。
(2023·全国乙卷) The fantastic players touched me deeply.
这些出色的演员深深打动了我。
(2) n. 触摸；触；碰；触觉；联系
(2022·全国甲卷) The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
根据研究人员的说法，下一步是试图弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依赖视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择形状。
(2021·天津3月卷) Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self.
然而，在这个过程中，我与创造性自我失去了联系。
(3) n. 一点儿；少许
(2023 新高考I卷) The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。
4. train
(1) n.火车
(2023·全国甲卷) Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better.
韦纳每一章都以城市间火车旅行的场景开始，然后将每位哲学家的作品置于他们可以帮助我们做得更好的一件事的背景下。
(2) v.训练；培训
(2023·全国乙卷) So she went off about 1,200 miles away from home, to train with a coach from China.
于是，她来到离家1200英里的地方，跟随一位来自中国的教练训练。
5. try
(1) n. &v. 试图；想要；设法；努力；试验
(2023·天津6月卷) Having tried several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。
(2023 新高考I卷) Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
受到他的话的鼓舞，我同意试一试。
(2) v.审理；审讯；审判
(2023·全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.
1322年，她因非法行医而受审。
W
1. well
(1) adv. 好地
(2023 新高考I卷) You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。
(2) adj. 健康；身体好
(2019·天津卷) On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they’re not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break.
在平常的一天，学校里的学生有时会来找他说他们感觉不舒服，或者在其他时候告诉他休息时发生的事情。
(3) n.井；水井
(2023·浙江1月卷) The term “hutong”, originally meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
“胡同”一词最初在蒙古语中意为“水井”，最早出现在元代。
(4) int. 嗯，好；唔，嗯，哦；好吧，算了
(2023·北京卷) Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking.
她说：“好吧，你还是回去工作吧。你看完后，我想看一看。”
(5) adv. 完全地；彻底地；全部地；很；相当
(2021·北京卷) Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
当然，如果你是一个非人类物种，崩溃正在进行中。
2. wonder
(1) v. 想知道；琢磨
(2023 新高考I卷) When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。
(2) v. &n. 感到惊奇，惊叹；惊讶；奇迹，奇观
(2023·新课标II卷) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
提高您的摄影技巧——加入黄石公园摄影师的动手计划，激发新的和创造性的方式来享受黄石的美丽和奇迹。
3. word
(1) n.单词；话
(2023·新课标II卷) To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined.
为了发挥它的功能，一本书必须由用户激活：打开封面，打开书页，查看内容，也许是写笔记或下划线单词。
(2) n.消息（不可数名词）
(2021·全国甲卷) Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.
听说我们学校要开一次班会，主题是中国传统习俗。
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