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2022年南京中考英语真题与2023年中考一模试题分类解析三阅读理解（解析卷）
一、2022年南京中考英语阅读理解真题
A
(2022江苏南京中考) Money always flows between people. When money moves from one person to another, it's known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens.
Earning Most people earn money by doing a job that somebody pays them for.
Spending People spend money they earn on things they need, such as food and electricity, and stuff they want, such as books and treats
Donating Some organizations and charities rely on people giving them money.Giving money to a cause is known as donating.
Investing Investing is when someone spends money on something to make more money from it in the end. There are many different ways to invest.
Borrowing and lending When people can't afford to do something, they can sometimes borrow money from somewhere else, such as a bank. Lent money is known as a loan. All loans have to be paid back.
Taxation People can't keep all the money they make. Everyone has to give some to the government to help pay for public services, such as schools and hospitals.This is known as taxation.
26.Which of the following is “earning”
A.Getting money by working.
B.Spending money on clothes.
C.Offering money to the poor.
D.Giving money to the government.
27. You bought a piece of art. Hopefully you can sell it and make some money in the future. What is it called
A.Donating.
B.Taxation.
C.Borrowing and lending.
D.Investing.
28.What's the purpose of the passage
A.To help charities raise money.
B.To introduce ways money moves.
D.To recommend methods of investing.
C.To give instructions to spend money.
【文章大意】本文是应用文，文章介绍了有关“钱”的六种用途。
26.A 考查细节理解题。题干句意：以下哪项是“收入”？A.通过工作赚钱——工资收入；B.花钱买衣服——消费；C.向穷人提供金钱——捐款；D.给政府钱——纳税。根据左上角的Earning Most people earn money by doing a job that somebody pays them for.可知，“收入”是指大多数人通过做有人付钱给他们的工作来赚钱。故选A。
27.D考查细节理解题。题干句意：你买了一件艺术品。希望你将来能卖掉它赚些钱。它叫什么？A.捐赠。B.税收。C.借贷。D.投资。根据右下角的“Investing / Investing is when someone spends money on something to make more money from it in the end. There are many different ways to invest.”可知，投资是指某人把钱花在某件事上，最终从中赚更多的钱。故选D。
28.B考查写作目的题。题干句意： 这篇文章的目的是什么？A.帮助慈善机构筹集资金。B.介绍资金流动的方式。D.推荐投资方法。C.指示花钱。根据引言部分的内容“Money always flows between people. When money moves from one person to another, it's known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens.”可知，金钱总是在人与人之间流动。当金钱从一个人转移到另一个人时，这就是所谓的交换或交易。以下是它发生的主要方式。因此，这篇文章的目的是“介绍资金流动的方式”。故选B。
B
(2022江苏南京中考) Here is an experiment(实验) to find out how blowing into bottles can make musical notes(音).
1.Pour different amounts(数量) of water into a selection. Don’t fill any to the top.
2.Rest the neck of one bottle on your lower lip. Blow gently across the top until you hear a note.
3.Blow gently across all the bottles in turn. Do different levels of water make different notes
If you can’t get a note, change the angle, or how hard you blow.
4.You could add food dye to the water, so that you can see levels more easily.
What’s going on
Blowing makes the air inside the bottle vibrate(震动), producing a note. The notes change according to the amount of water and air in the bottle. The bigger the space between the water and the top of the bottle, the lower the note.
29. How can you see the water levels more clearly
A. By adding food dye.
B.By pouring more water.
C.By blowing into bottles.
D.By resting bottles on lips.
30. What produces a note according to this experiment
A.The level of the water.
B. The size of the glass bottle.
C. The vibration of the air in the bottle.
D.The amount of the food dye in the water.
31. What does the writer want to tell us through this experiment
A.Science things are easy to make.
B.Fixed times are necessary for notes.
C.Musical notes are difficult to change.
D.Labs are important for experiments.
【文章大意】本文是应用文，文章介绍了通过做实验往瓶子里吹气获得音符的方法。
29.A 考查细节理解题。题干句意：你怎样才能更清楚地看到水位？A.添加食用染料。B.倒更多的水。C.往瓶子里吹气。D.把瓶子放在嘴唇上。根据方法“4.You could add food dye to the water, so that you can see levels more easily.”可知，你可以在水中加入食用染料，这样你就能更容易地看到水位。故选A。
30.C考查细节理解题。题干句意：根据这个实验，是什么产生了音符？A.水位。B.玻璃瓶的大小。C.瓶子里空气的振动。D.水中食用染料的含量。根据“What’s going on ”的第一句“Blowing makes the air inside the bottle vibrate(震动), producing a note.”可知，吹气使瓶子里的空气振动，产生一种音符。故选C。
31.A考查推理判断题。题干句意： 通过这个实验，作者想告诉我们什么？A.科学的东西很容易做。B.音符需要固定的次数。C.音符很难改变。D.实验室对实验很重要。通读全文，文章介绍了通过做实验往瓶子里吹气获得音符，其步骤共有四步，外加一个补充注意点，最后解释了音符产生的原因以及影响音量大小的音素。通过这个实验，我们是普通人，我们也能做这个实验，因此，作者想告诉我们：科学的东西很容易做。故选A。
C
(2022江苏南京中考) Wednesday
Today it snowed for the first time this winter,and school was cancelled. We were supposed to have a test in Pre-Algebra,and I’ve been lazy ever since I became a Safety Patrol.So I was excited.
I called Rowley and told him to come over. We have been talking about building the world's biggest snowman for the past couple of years now.
And when I say the world's biggest snowman, I'm not joking. Our goal is to get into the “Guinness Book of World Records”.
But every year we’ve got serious about going for the record, all the snow has melted（融化），and we've missed our window of opportunity. So this year, I wanted to get started right away.When Rowley came over, we started rolling（滚）the first snowball to make the base.I thought the base was going to have to be at least eight feet tall on its own if we wanted to have a shot at breaking the record. But the snowball got very heavy, and we had to take a bunch of breaks in between rolls so we could catch our breath.
During one of our breaks, Mom came outside to go to the grocery store, but our snowball was blocking her car in.So we got a little free labour out of her.
After our break we pushed that snowball until we couldn’t push it any further. But when we looked behind us,we saw the mess we had made.
The snowball had got so heavy that it tore up all the turf（草皮）Dad had just laid down last autumn.
I was hoping it would snow a few more inches and cover up our tracks, but just like that, it stopped snowing.
Our plan to build the worlds' biggest snowman was starting to fall apart. So I came up with a better idea for our snowball.
Every time it snows, the kids from Whirley Street use our hill for sledging, even though this isn’t their neighbourhood.
So tomorrow morning, when the Whirley Street kids come marching up our hill, we are going to teach those guys a lesson.
32 Why was the school cancelled today
A.The bad weather B.A test in Pre-Algebra
C.The Safety Patrol's task. D.A plan for breaking the record
33What do the underlined words“window of opportunity” mean
A.A wonderful chance to sledge. B.A short time to make a snowman.
C.A pleasant break from having the test. D.A narrow space for rolling a snowball.
34. Which picture can best show the mess the two boys made
35.What does “a better idea for our snowball” probably mean
A. Asking parents to make the snowball bigger.
B. Using the snowball to enter the “Guinness Book”
C. Making the biggest snowman with neighbouring kids.
D. Preventing the Whirley Street kids sledging with the snowball.
【文章大意】本文是名著《小屁孩日记》第一卷的P 156开始的Wednesday的内容。文章介绍了近几年我和Rowley一直在谈论建造世界上最大的雪人，每年都认真想创记录，但每次所有的雪都融化了，我们均错过了机会，今年我们准备与进展顺利，不料雪停了，我们建造世界上最大的雪人的计划又宣告失败了。
32.A 考查细节理解题。题干句意：为什么今天上学被取消了？A.恶劣的天气。B.预代数考试。C.安全巡逻队的任务。D.打破纪录的计划。根据文章第一段的第一句“Today it snowed for the first time this winter,and school was cancelled.”可知，今天上学被取消了，是因为恶劣的天气的缘故。故选A。
33.A 考查词语猜测题。题干句意：带下划线的“window of opportunity”是什么意思？A.滑雪的绝佳机会。B.堆雪人的时间很短。C.考试结束后的愉快休息。D.滚雪球的狭小空间。根据文章第一段的最后一句“We have been talking about building the world's biggest snowman for the past couple of years now.”以及第二段的内容“And when I say the world's biggest snowman, I'm not joking. Our goal is to get into the “Guinness Book of World Records”. ”，可知该句意是：但每年我们都认真地想创纪录，所有的雪都融化了，我们错过了“滑雪的绝佳机会”。因此划线部分的“window of opportunity”含义是“滑雪的绝佳机会”，故选A。
34.C 考查图文对应题。题干句意：哪张照片最能显示这两个男孩搞得一团糟？根据文章第五段的内容“After our break we pushed that snowball until we couldn’t push it any further. But when we looked behind us,we saw the mess we had made.”以及第六段的内容“The snowball had got so heavy that it tore up all the turf（草皮）Dad had just laid down last autumn.”可知，孩子们回头一望，地上的草坪坏了，而雪球上到处都是草坪的草，对照图示，第三幅照片最能显示这两个男孩搞得一团糟，故选C。
35.D考查句意理解题。题干句意：“给我们的雪球一个更好的主意”可能是什么意思？A.要求家长把雪球越滚越大。B.用雪球进入“吉尼斯世界纪录”。C.和邻居的孩子一起堆最大的雪人。D.防止惠利街的孩子们用雪球玩雪橇。根据文章的最后两段“Every time it snows, the kids from Whirley Street use our hill for sledging, even though this isn’t their neighbourhood. / So tomorrow morning, when the Whirley Street kids come marching up our hill, we are going to teach those guys a lesson.”可知，每次下雪，惠而利街的孩子们都会用我们的山玩雪橇，尽管这里不是他们的邻居。/ 所以明天早上，当惠利街的孩子们走上我们的山时，我们要给他们一个教训。因此，选项D与“a better idea for our snowball”意义相符合。故选D。
D
(2022江苏南京中考) Long ago there was an old candy peddler. He would walk around with his basket of candy, but he was so kind-hearted that he gave away as much as he sold,so he was always poor.
Now in that city lived a rich man with a disease in his eyes.
When the old peddler heard about it,he remembered his mother had once told him about a magical herb（药草）that was good for the eyes.
The next morning,he left the city and did not stop until he was deep inside the woods.
As he examined to the ground,he noticed ants scurrying about. A rock had fallen into a stream,so the water now spilled（涌）into the ants’ nest.
“We’re all one,”the kind-hearted peddler said.So he waded into the shallow stream and put the rock on the bank.Then he dug a shallow ditch that sent the rest of the water back into the stream.
He stumble through the growing darkness until he reached a ruined temple.As he started inside, he saw centipede.It was also rushing into the temple as fast as it could, but there was a bird swooping down toward it.
“We’re all one,you and I.”So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted,scaring the bird away.
“We’re one,you and I,”a voice said faintly--as if from a long distance. “If you go south ,you will find s pine tree with two trunks.By it roots, you will find a magic bend, Tell the rich man to drink it if he wants to cure bis eyes.”
The old man followed the centipede’s instructions and travelled south.He walked until late in the afternoon and finally saw the odd tree.But the ground was covered with pine needles and his old eyes were too weak.He remembered the ants and called, “ Ants,ants,we are all one.”
Almost immediately,thousands of ants came pouring out of nowhere.The old man held up his fingers. “I’m looking for a bead.It might be very tiny.”And in no time,the ants with a tiny bead.Delighted,the old man expressed his thanked and made his way out of the woods.
The next day, he reached the house of the rich man. However, he was so poor and ragged that the gatekeeper only laughed at him.
The old peddler tried to argue. “Poor or rich man,we are all one.”
But it so happened that the rich man was passing by the gates. The old peddler took out the bead and handed it to the rich man.
The rich men drank it down. Instantly the pain disappeared. Shortly after that, his eyes were cured. The rich man was so happy and grateful.
The kindly old peddler and his family lived peacefully for he rest of their lives.
Why did the old peddler help the rich man
To offer his kindness. B.To look for the magical herb.
To get the rich man's thanks D.To save the ants and the centipede.
37. How is what the peddler did for the centipede similar to what he did for the ants
A.Giving them enough food B.Saving them out of danger.
C Building safe places for them. D.Reaching an agreement with their enemies.
38. What do the underlined words “scurrying about” in the passage mean
A Enjoying food together. B.Moving around quickly.
C Playing with each other happily. D.Looking for streams everywhere.
39.What does the peddler mean when he says,“We are all one”
A.Insects need human’s help.
B.The rich man's eyes can be cured.
C. The odd tree must be inside the woods.
D. All living things share a need for kindness.
40. From which the passage is probably taken
A. a story book B.a history book
C.a book review D.a health magazine
【文章大意】本文是一篇寓言故事，文章介绍了一位心地善良的老小贩，克服重重困难，与蚂蚁、蜈蚣交朋友，取得神奇的药草，治好了富人的眼疾，这个富翁非常高兴和感激他。后来，这位和蔼的老小贩和他的家人在他的余生中过着平静的生活。
36.A 考查推理判断题。题干句意：老小贩为什么要帮助那个富人？A.表示善意。B.寻找神奇的草药。B.为了得到富人的感谢D.为了救蚂蚁和蜈蚣。根据文章第一段的第二句“He would walk around with his basket of candy, but he was so kind-hearted that he gave away as much as he sold,so he was always poor.”以及第三段的内容“When the old peddler heard about it,he remembered his mother had once told him about a magical herb（药草）that was good for the eyes.”可知，老小贩之所以要帮助那个富人，是为了表示善意。故选A。
37.B 考查推理判断题。题干句意：小贩为蜈蚣所做的和他为蚂蚁所做的是怎样的相似吗？A.给他们足够的食物B.把他们从危险中救出来。C为他们建造安全的地方。D.与敌人达成协议。根据文章第四段与第五段的内容“A rock had fallen into a stream,so the water now spilled（涌）into the ants’ nest./ So he waded into the shallow stream and put the rock on the bank.”可知，老小贩对蚂蚁很友好，把蚂蚁救出来了；其次根据第六段与第七段的内容“.It was also rushing into the temple as fast as it could, but there was a bird swooping down toward it./So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted,scaring the bird away.”，可知老人贩对蜈蚣也很友好，把蜈蚣救出来了，故选B。
38.B 考查句意猜测题。题干句意：文章中带下划线的单词“scurrying about”是什么意思？A一起享受美食。B.快速移动。C彼此快乐地玩耍。D.到处寻找溪流。根据下一段的句意：“我们都是一体的，”善良的小贩说。于是他涉水进入浅溪，把石头放在岸边。然后他挖了一条浅沟，把剩下的水送回溪里。可知该句意是：当他审视地面时，他注意到蚂蚁在四处乱窜。一块石头掉进了小溪里，所以水现在溢到了蚂蚁的窝里。此处划线部分的短语“”的含义是“四处逃窜”，与选项B的含义“快速移动”同义，故选B。
39.D 考查推理判断题。题干句意：小贩说“我们都是一体的”是什么意思？A.昆虫需要人类的帮助。B.富人的眼睛是可以治好的。C.那棵奇怪的树一定在树林里。D.所有生物都需要善良。通读全文，小贩说“我们都是一体的”，其意思是“所有生物都需要善良”，故选D。
40.A 考查文章出处题。题干句意：本文可能取自哪一段？A.一本故事书；B.一本历史书；C.书评；D.健康杂志。通读全文，文章介绍了善良的老小贩克服重重困难，治好了富人的眼疾，最后在这位富人的帮助之下，老小贩以及他的家人终于过上了平静的生活。因此，本文可能取自一本故事书。故选A。
二、2023年南京中考一模试题阅读理解分类
㈠秦淮一模
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）17．（3分）Did you know that a large number of people get sick from foodborne illness each year？Luckily，foodborne illness can be prevented.Follow these three easy rules to help you.
◆ SEPARATE raw（生的）meat and eggs from other items in your refrigerator.If possible，use a different cutting board for raw meat products.This will reduce the chance of bacteria's（细菌）spread from one food to another.
◆ CHILL（冷藏）foods to keep bacteria from growing.Bacteria are able to grow quickly at room temperature，so keep fresh foods in the refrigerator to limit this risk.
◆ COOK your food to a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria that may lead to illness.Use a thermometer to make sure your foods have reached a safe temperature.
Here is a chart for you to use as a food temperature guide.
Food Lowest Temperature （℉） Food Lowest Temperature （℉）
Steaks 145 Pork of Beef 160
Eggs 160 Fish 145
Chicken and turkey 165 Leftovers 165
（1）Which of the following foods can be put together in a refrigerator？ 　　
A．Eggs and potatoes. B．Raw fish and tomatoes.
C．Raw beef and raw pork. D．Raw chicken and apples.
（2）Fish should be cooked at least above the temperature of 　　.
A．140℉ B．145℉ C．160℉ D．165℉
（3）Which part of a magazine is the passage probably from？ 　　
A．Healthy Life B．Travel Guide C．History Character D．Natural World
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了预防食源性疾病的方法。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段SEPARATE raw meat and eggs from other items in your refrigerator（将生肉和鸡蛋与冰箱中的其他物品分开。）可知将生肉和鸡蛋与冰箱中的其他物品分开，C选项"生牛肉和生猪肉"可以放在冰箱里，故选C。
2.B细节理解题。根据图表"Fish 145℉"可知做鱼的温度至少要高于华氏145度，故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第一段Did you know that a large number of people get sick from foodborne illness each year？Luckily，foodborne illness can be prevented（你知道吗，每年都有大量的人死于食源性疾病幸运的是，食源性疾病是可以预防的。）可知本文主要讲述了预防食源性疾病方法，所以很有可能在杂志上的健康的生活部分看到，故选A。
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）18．（3分）Wednesday，March 1，1944
Dearest Kitty，
My own worries stopped because of a break﹣in.Maybe I'm making you feel bored with all my break﹣ins，but what can I do when burglars take such pleasure in getting into Gies & Go.？This is even worse than the last one in July 1943.
Last night at 7：30，Mr.Van Daan was going to Mr.Kugler's office as usual when he saw that both the glass door and the office door were open.He was surprised，but he went on through and was even more surprised to see that there was a terrible mess in the front office.
"There's been a burglary，"he thought to himself.But just to make sure，he went downstairs to the front door，checked the lock and found everything closed.Early this morning Peter knocked at our door to tell us that the front door was wide open.Mr.Van Daan told us his discoveries of the night before，and we were very worried.The only possibility is that the burglar must have had a key which can open any door，since there were no signs of a forced opening of doors. If not，who could have our key？Why didn't the burglar go to the warehouse（仓库）？Was it one of our own warehouse workers，and will he tell somebody else since he's heard Mr.Van Daan and maybe ever seen him？
It is really terrible since we don't know whether the burglar will try and get in again.Or was he so scared when he heard someone else in the building that he'll stay away？
Yours，
Anne
（1）From Paragraph 1，it is sure that Anne 　　.
A．lived a happy life before B．thought that Kitty was boring.
C．knew why the burglar broke D．has a similar experience in 1943
（2）After the break﹣in，Mr.Van Daan and Peter 　　.
A．went to Mr.Kugler's office B．told what they had found
C．changed the lock to every door D．cleaned the mess in the front office
（3）What can we infer（推断）from the underlined sentences in the passage？ 　　
A．The burglar was an office worker.
B．The burglar used a key to open every door.
C．Mr.Van Daan had heard and even seen the burglar.
D．The burglar may have seen Mr.Van Daan and told others.
【文章大意】本文是一篇书信，主要讲Anne写给朋友Kitty的关于一场入室盗窃案件。
1.D细节理解题。根据第三段This is even worse than the last one in July 1943.（这比1943年7月的上一次还要糟糕。）可知Anne在1943年也经历了同样的事，故选D。
2.A细节理解题。根据第五段Mr.Van Daan was going to Mr.Kugler's office as usual when he saw that both the glass door and the office door were open.（Van Daan先生像往常一样去Kugler先生的办公室，这时他看到玻璃门和办公室门都开着。）及Early this morning Peter knocked at our door to tell us that the front door was wide open.（今天一大早，Peter敲了我们的门，告诉我们前门大开着。）可知入室盗窃发生后Van Daan先生像往常一样进入Kugler先生的办公室，故选A。
3.D推理判断题。根据第五段will he tell somebody else since he's heard Mr.Van Daan and maybe ever seen him？（他会告诉别人吗？因为他听说过Van Daan先生，也许见过他。）可知窃贼听到Van Daan先生甚至可能看到他并告诉了别人。故选D。
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）19．（4分）While it may seem impossible for fish to drive，in a new experience（实验），scientists put goldfish's sense of direction to the test.
Scientists as Ben﹣Gurion University taught several goldfish to drive a robotic "car" —a tank of water on wheels around a room.It may seem like a fish﹣out﹣of﹣water idea，but they took it well.The fish tank had a camera to record the fish's position.When the goldfish swam towards walls，the car drove in that direction.
The researchers trained the fish during some 30﹣minute periods to drive to the center of a small room towards a pink board.They gave the fish a treat whenever it arrived at the places.In the first period，the goldfish could have 2﹣3 successful trips.By the end of the experiment，the fish could have 17﹣18 successful trips.
Like humans，some of the fish took their driver's education quicker than others— taking faster and more direct paths to their destination（目的地）.During the experiment，researchers changed the starting position of the car.Even in different locations，the goldfish were still able to reach the pink board.This finding showed that the fish were not just remembering the ways to get their reward.These animals in water were also planning new ways to their destination.
"It comes to the conclusion that the fish can navigate，" said Ben﹣Shahar，a member of the study，the team let one of the goldfish take a ride in the whole building. "And it started to explore.It went down one of the corridors and wanted to get away，" said Ben﹣Shahar.
（1）In the experiment，when goldfish swam forward，they would 　　.
A．need a hard push B．jump out of water
C．make the car move D．record their position
（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ 　　
A．If the fish reached the right place，they would get food.
B．The fish could have 17﹣18 successful trips in the beginning.
C．The fish could find their destination only by remembering the ways.
D．When starting position was changed，the fish couldn't reach the board.
（3）What does the underlined word "navigate" in the passage mean？ 　　
A．Swim in water. B．Find position.
C．Miss the pink board. D．Move carefully.
（4）What is the best title for the passage？ 　　
A．Life about Goldfish B．Humans and Goldfish
C．The smartest in the World D．Teaching Goldfish to "Drive"
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家通过时间证明金鱼有方向感，可以导航。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段When the goldfish swam towards walls，the car drove in that direction.（当金鱼游向墙壁时，汽车朝那个方向行驶。）可知金鱼向前游时，车也会朝那个方向移动，故选C。
2.A细节理解题。根据第三段They gave the fish a treat whenever it arrived at the places.（每当鱼到达这些地方，他们都会款待它。）可知金鱼到达了指定地方时可以得到一些食物，故选A。
3.B词义猜测题。根据最后一段It comes to the conclusion that the fish can...（得出的结论是，鱼可以......）可知上文实验得出的结论是金鱼有方向感，能找到位置，划线单词表示"导航"，与B项意思相近。故选B。
4.D标题归纳题。本文主要讲金鱼也有方向感，可以导航，和"方向"相关的是D选项"教金鱼去开车"。故选D。
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）20．（5分）Since 2011，the Shanghai Peking Opera Company has held two seasons of "Youth Runway"，a long﹣term opera development project，hoping to find young opera talents.118 young performers（表演者）have successfully showed 200 plays and classical pieces.Most of them were born between 1995 and 2000，making them the company's newest power.They will show both classical and new plays in many different styles.
① "The Butterfly Lovers"，one of the plays in this spring，is changed from a sad love story between a young poor man，Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai，the daughter of a wealthy family.They return as butterflies after their death.Another one， "Twelve Roles"，which will be presented in the summer，largely gets its idea from an American film "12 Angry Men".The 12 members，all from different backgrounds，must decide a child's fate（命运）in a murder.
Yueju opera，which developed around 1906 in Shengzhou，Zhejiang Province，is one of China's most famous operas.In the old days，people loved it because of its styles of singing and melodies（旋律）.Now，it is getting a new life. ② The performing season for young performers is held in its fifth year and has its own characteristic.Moreover，the project worked with BesTV to create a Yueju opera short video series about the 24 solar terms（节气）of traditional Chinese calendar.
Every year，the China Shanghai International Arts Festival provides chances for traditional opera performers like Yueju talents to perform. ③ Many traditional opera performers have got fans among students and young performers in recent years by showing how they prepare for a concert and behind﹣the﹣scenes stories with mobile apps on video websites.
④ They try many ways to make traditional art forms attractive to today's youth，including the creation of short opera films and the use of popular melodies. "We believe that Xiqu （traditional opera） like Yueju can attract today's young people because it can be mixed with different art forms，" says Chen Daming，a theater critic.
（1）According to the first paragraph，the project "Youth Runway" is to 　　.
A．discover young opera talents B．teach young people Yueju opera
C．attract people to work in Shanghi D．provide plays and shows for free.
（2）"The Butterfly Lovers" and "Twelve Roles" are both 　　.
A．based upon foreign films B．changed from another story
C．presented at the same time D．sad love storied from China
（3）It's better to put the sentence "Young performers have an important role in spreading the art." in 　　.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
（4）From the passage，we know Yueju opera 　　.
A．is made into films about the 24 solar terms on TV
B．is less attractive because of the use of popular melodies
C．becomes more popular now for its special styles of singing and dancing
D．gets more fans because the performers show how they prepare for a concert
（5）According to Chen Daming，the future of Xiqu is 　　.
A．hopeful B．unsure C．challenging D．mystery
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了上海京剧团为了吸引更多的青年戏曲人才举办"青春跑道"的活动，活动中的一些戏曲节目，吸收了中外文化的元素；此外，本文也叙述传统的艺术家把自己的创作过程在多媒体上呈现，旨在说明中国的戏曲正在与不同的艺术形式相融合，前途是光明的。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段Since 2011，the Shanghai Peking Opera Company has held two seasons of "Youth Runway"，a long﹣term opera development project，hoping to find young opera talents.（自2011年以来，上海京剧院举办了两季"青春跑道"，这是一个长期的戏曲发展项目，希望能找到年轻的戏曲人才。）可知，举办"青春跑道"的目的旨在希望找到年轻的戏剧人才。故选A。
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段"The Butterfly Lovers"，one of the plays in this spring，is changed from ...（今年春天的戏剧之一《梁祝》由.....）可知，"The Butterfly Lovers"改编于梁山伯与祝英台的故事；根据"Twelve Roles"，which will be presented in the summer，largely gets its idea from an American film "12 Angry Men".（《十二个角色》将于今年夏天上映，其构思主要来自美国电影《12个愤怒的男人》。）可知，"Twelve Roles"改编于美国电影《12个愤怒的男人》。因此，两个戏剧都是改编于另外一个故事。故选B。
3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段We believe that Xiqu （traditional opera） like Yueju can attract today's young people because it can be mixed with different art forms（我们相信像越剧这样的西曲可以吸引今天的年轻人，因为它可以与不同的艺术形式相融合。）由此可见，年轻人在传播艺术方面起着重要作用，因此把此句放在最后一段最合适。故选D。
4.D细节理解题。根据第四段Many traditional opera performers have got fans among students and young performers in recent years by showing how they prepare for a concert and behind﹣the﹣scenes stories with mobile apps on video websites.（近年来，许多传统戏曲演员通过视频网站上的手机应用程序展示他们如何准备音乐会和幕后故事，在学生和年轻演员中赢得了粉丝。）可知，许多传统戏剧演员通过视频网站上的移动应用程序展示他们如何准备音乐会和幕后故事，在学生和年轻演员中赢得了粉丝。故选D。
5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段We believe that Xiqu （traditional opera） like Yueju can attract today's young people because it can be mixed with different art forms.（我们相信，像越剧这样的戏曲能够吸引当今的年轻人，因为它可以融入不同的艺术形式。）可知，他们相信像越剧这样的戏曲可以吸引今天的年轻人，因为它可以与不同的艺术形式相融合。所以，对戏曲的未来是充满希望的。故选A。
㈡ 玄武一模
17．（3分）
（1）You can visit the British Museum at 　　.
A.8 a.m.on Monday B.9 a.m.on Thursday
C.1 p.m.on Friday D.2 p.m.on Sunday
（2）What did most visitors think about the museum？ 　　
A.Terrible.
B.Not bad.
C.Good.
D.Excellent.
（3）Which is NOT true according to the poster？ 　　
A.The British Museum is free to the public.
B.Visitors can easily find food and drinks in the museum.
C.The museum provides designated wheelchair and public toilet.
D.The Elgin marbles and the Rosetta Stone are on different floors.
【文章大意】本文是有关参观大英博物馆的海报。
1.C细节理解题。根据Friday 10 AM：4 PM（星期五上午10点：下午4点）可知，你可以在周五下午1点参观大英博物馆，故选C。
2.D推理判断题。根据reviews（评论）及图片五颗星73%可知，大多数游客对博物馆看法非常好，故选D。
3.D细节理解题。根据The Elgin marbles and the Rosetta Stone all on one floor.（ Elgin大理石和Rosetta石碑都在一层楼。）可知，这与D选项"Elgin大理石和Rosetta石碑位于不同的楼层"描述不符，D选项是不真的，故选D。
（2023·南京玄武区一模）18．（3分）In some areas of Yunnan，when winter comes，people sit around a fire and bake tea in pottery pots on the charcoal fire.After the tea leaves are roasted，people add hot water to boil them.While drinking tea，they chat with each other and bake fruits over the fire，which has become a social scene in these areas.
Today，the unique experience of "boiling tea around a stove"has become popular on the Internet unexpectedly.On the social media platform Xiaohongshu，the number of views on the topic has also been over 12 million.
Now netizens are sharing plenty of other choices in the activity，from homemade roasted milk tea to heated wine.In addition to all types of drinks，the choices of snacks are even more diverse.The most popular choices include roasted sweet potatoes，oranges，glutinous rice cakes，as well as marshmallows.Some people also prepare dried fruits，nuts and even red dates for health management.
Stove﹣boiled tea has attracted young Chinese people through its connection with natural environment.People normally sit outside or in indoor courtyards with potted plants and traditional Chinese decorations.Some also show their love of stove﹣boiled tea while wearing traditional Hanfu clothing in these graceful settings.
The charm of boiling tea around a stove also comes from companionship.When people are facing the pressure of a fast life and the stress of work and study，making tea around the fire provides a chance to slow down，relax and get back to living a life with your friends.A small stove，a pot of tea，and some friends gathered to chat together easily take up a whole afternoon.
（1）This passage would most likely to be found in an article of 　　.
A.science B.cooking C.lifestyle D.history
（2）The underlined word in the third paragraph most likely means 　　.
A.of different types B.of different sizes
C.of different shapes D.of different times
（3）More and more people prefer " boiling tea around a stove " because 　　.
①it provides a chance to talk with friends freely
②it helps people get away from pressure of a fast lifestyle
③it makes people have more choices for health management
④it allows them to enjoy themselves in a natural environment
A.①②③
B.②③④
C.①③④
D.①②④
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中国围炉煮茶这一传统文化的再次兴起和受欢迎。
1.C推理判断题。根据第二段Today，the unique experience of "boiling tea around a stove"has become popular on the Internet unexpectedly.（如今，这种"围炉煮茶"的独特体验意外走红网络。）推断这篇文章最可能在生活方式的文章中看到。故选C。
2.A词义猜测题。根据第三段In addition to all types of drinks，the choices of snacks are even more diverse.The most popular choices include roasted sweet potatoes，oranges，glutinous rice cakes，as well as marshmallows.Some people also prepare dried fruits，nuts and even red dates for health management.（除了各式各样的饮料，零食的选择更是____。最受欢迎的选择包括烤红薯、橙子、糯米糕和棉花糖。有些人还会准备干果、坚果甚至红枣来进行健康管理。）可知零食的选择花样很多，猜测划线单词的含义为"有不同的类型"。故选A。
3.D细节理解题。根据第四段Stove﹣boiled tea has attracted young Chinese people through its connection with natural environment.（通过与自然环境的关系围炉煮茶吸引了中国的年轻人。）和第五段When people are facing the pressure of a fast life and the stress of work and study，making tea around the fire provides a chance to slow down，relax and get back to living a life with your friends.A small stove，a pot of tea，and some friends gathered to chat together easily take up a whole afternoon.（当人们面临着快节奏生活的压力和工作和学习的压力时，在火旁泡茶提供了一个放慢脚步，放松和回到与朋友一起生活的机会。一个小炉子，一壶茶，和几个朋友聚在一起聊天轻松地占用整个下午。）可知越来越多的人喜欢围炉煮茶因为它提供了一个与朋友自由交谈的机会，它帮助人们摆脱快节奏生活方式的压力，它让他们在自然环境中玩得开心。故选D。
（2023·南京玄武区一模）19．（4分）① With her silver hair，68﹣year﹣old Xu Lili stands out in a crowd of young people.Xugoes square dancing every night with her friends in the center of Harbin.Their dancing has strong rhythm and a wide range of movements，making it more like disco than the slow traditional Chinese square dancing.Xu is the organizer and the only senior taking part.
② Apart from Xu，most dancers are in their 20s."Grandma Xu may be old，but we all learn from her，"says Zhang Dongkai，23."She is our leader."
The contrast between her age and her dancing has not only endeared her to those around her，but also made her famous online，with many netizens praising her dancing and optimistic attitude.Instead of just looking after grandchildren，increasing numbers of elderly Chinese are enjoying their own lives.
Wang Yun，72，goes to a dance class for seniors every week at Harbin University，which was founded in 1984 and is one of the earliest universities for the elderly in China.Hundreds of thousands have graduated from the institution over the past three decades.
③ The average age of Wang's dance class is over 60.Teacher Li Yongxia says she hastaught dance there for more than 10 years.Many students were not in good shape when they first came，but dancing changed their attitude toward life.
Harbin University for the elderly is very popular.Though there are branch schools in every district of Harbin，many courses are full soon after the online registration（注册） channels are opened.
Qu Wenyong，a sociology professor at Heilongjiang University who has been following the elderly care industry for many years，says the ages from 60 to 70 have become part of the "golden decade" for China's elderly as the country's average（平均的） life expectancy increases."They are healthy，they have time and they require a higher quality of life，"Qu says.
④ Not long ago，a video of 66﹣year﹣old Deng Xiaohui walking a catwalk with her partner in Harbin's Central Street received more than 1 million likes on social media.
"I loved fashion shows when I was young，and I realized my dream after I retired."Deng has been studying the catwalk for five years at a modeling school in Harbin.
（1）What is 68﹣year﹣old Xu Lili famous for online？ 　　
A.Being the only organizer of the square dancing class.
B.Going square dancing with a crowd of young people.
C.Being perfect at slow traditional Chinese square dancing.
D.Going square dancing every night for more than 10 years.
（2）Where can we put the sentence "Many elderly people in China also like to share their lives on the Internet."？ 　　
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
（3）Why is Harbin University for the elderly so popular？ 　　
A.It opens online registration channels.
B.It is the only university for the elderly.
C.Many of the elderly are not in good shape.
D.The elderly today need a higher quality of life.
（4）What can we infer from the passage？ 　　
A.The elderly can realize their dreams easily.
B.The average life expectancy in China increases.
C.Dancing allows the elderly to be young at heart.
D.Many of the elderly refuse to look after grandchildren.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了丰富多彩的退休生活使中国的老人生活质量更高，同时改变了他们对生活的态度。
1.B细节理解题。根据第三段The contrast between her age and her dancing has not only endeared her to those around her，but also made her famous online，with many netizens praising her dancing and optimistic attitude.（她的年龄和舞蹈的对比不仅让她受到周围人的喜爱，也让她在网上出名，许多网友称赞她的舞蹈和乐观的态度。）可知，68岁的徐丽丽因和一群年轻人一起跳广场舞而在网上出名。故选B。
2.D推理判断题。根据④后句子Not long ago，a video of 66﹣year﹣old Deng Xiaohui walking a catwalk with her partner in Harbin's Central Street received more than 1 million likes on social media.（不久前，一段66岁的邓小慧与伴侣在哈尔滨中央大街走秀的视频在社交媒体上获得了100多万个赞。）可知，该句Many elderly people in China also like to share their lives on the Internet.（中国的许多老年人也喜欢在互联网上分享他们的生活。）要放在④处。故选D。
3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段They are healthy，they have time and they require a higher quality of life.（他们很健康，他们有时间，他们需要更高质量的生活。）可知，如今的老年人需要更高质量的生活。故选D。
4.C推理判断题。根据第五段Many students were not in good shape when they first came，but dancing changed their attitude toward life.（许多学生刚来的时候身体不好，但是跳舞改变了他们对生活的态度。）可推知，跳舞可以让老年人内心年轻。故选C。
（2023·南京玄武区一模）20．（5分）Did you know that almost 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans every year？There are many factors that contribute to this pollution，including microfibers.They have been found in shorelines，seafloors，and even snow.In addition，microfibers can also be found in human waste.Studies show that we are constantly exposed to microplastic through our food，our water，and even the air we breathe.
Microfibers are tiny synthetic fibers that are created from small bits of plastic.They make up materials such as polyester，rayon，nylon，and acrylic and are the most common type of microplastic found in the environment.
The growing popularity of this material dates back to the early 1990s.Swedish manufacturers produced a variety of these materials，making it one of the most popular in Europe.By the early 2000s，items made of microfiber became popular worldwide.The material was﹣and still is﹣cheap，highly durable（耐用的），and water﹣resistant.Because of these features，it is used for a variety of reasons，such as cleaning，home ware，clothes，and accessories.
Unluckily，when these synthetic items are washed，they release microfibers.Washing one load of synthetic clothes can release millions of fibers.Although wastewater treatment factories catch most of these fibers，some pass through because of their small size，entering our waterways and polluting the environment.They are also difficult to collect and clean，so it is important to prevent them from entering the environment in the first place.
How Can We Help？
Fortunately，prevention starts right at home!Research has concluded that there are many ways to reduce the spread of microfibers.Some include the following：
Reducing the washing of synthetic material
Air﹣drying clothes also saves energy and reduces water consumption
Avoiding half﹣loads of laundry
Using a front﹣loading washing machine
It's a common misunderstanding that wearing cotton instead of synthetic material is environmentally friendly.Researchers claim that cotton clothes often release（释放） chemicals，which is another cause of harm to the environment.Ultimately，scientists theorize that developing better materials is the best solution.
Although these solutions prevent the spread of microfibers，they do not completely get rid of the ones already in the environment.Luckily，companies in the apparel industry as well as NGOs and researchers are actively trying to develop technology to clean our oceans and the environment.For now，we all can take small steps to do our part in restoring our beautiful planet.
（1）What are microfibers？ 　　
A.They are created from small bits of plastics.
B.They are made up of materials like rayon and nylon.
C.They are highly durable，water﹣resistant and expensive.
D.They are the most common type of natural microplastic.
（2）What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to？ 　　
A.Clothes. B.Factories.
C.Microfibers. D.Waterways
（3）Which of the following is NOT the way to reduce the spread of microfibers？ 　　
A.Avoid half﹣loads of laundry.
B.Wash synthetic material less.
C.Choose a front﹣loading washing machine.
D.Wear cotton instead of synthetic material.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe the writer's opinion？ 　　
A.Doubtful. B.Hopeful. C.Worried. D.Satisfied.
（5）Which is the most possible title for this passage？ 　A　
A.What can we do with microfibers？
B.How do microfibers enter our oceans？
C.Where can we find microfibers？
D.Why do clothes release microfibers？
【文章大意】本文主要讲了我们正在遭受微塑料的危害，以及如何采取措施。
1.A细节理解题。根据第一段Microfibers are tiny synthetic fibers that are created from small bits of plastic.（微纤维是由小块塑料制成的微小合成纤维。）可知微纤维是由小块塑料制成的。故选A。
2.C代词指代题。根据第四段Although wastewater treatment factories catch most of these fibers，some pass through because of their small size，entering our waterways and polluting the environment.They are also difficult to collect and clean，so it is important to prevent them from entering the environment in the first place.（虽然废水处理厂捕捞了这些纤维的大多部分，但由于它们体积小，有些纤维会通过，进入我们的水道并污染环境。它们也很难收集和清洁，所以首先要防止它们进入环境。）可知they代指微纤维。故选C。
3.D细节理解题。根据第七段到第十段Reducing the washing of synthetic material，Air﹣drying clothes also saves energy and reduces water consumption，Avoiding half﹣loads of laundry，Using a front﹣loading washing machine（减少合成材料的洗涤，风干衣服也节约能源和减少水的消耗，避免半负荷的衣服，使用前置洗衣机。）可知穿棉质的而而不是合成材料的衣服不是减少微纤维传播的方法。故选D。
4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段Luckily，companies in the apparel industry as well as NGOs and researchers are actively trying to develop technology to clean our oceans and the environment.For now，we all can take small steps to do our part in restoring our beautiful planet.（幸运的是，服装行业的公司、非政府组织和研究人员都在积极尝试开发清洁海洋和环境的技术。现在，我们都可以采取一些小步骤，为恢复我们美丽的星球尽自己的一份力量。）推断作者的观点是充满希望的。故选B。
5.A标题归纳题。根据第六段Fortunately，prevention starts right at home!Research has concluded that there are many ways to reduce the spread of microfibers.Some include the following：（幸运的是，预防从家里开始!研究得出结论，有许多方法可以减少微纤维的扩散。其中包括以下内容：）可知本文主要讲了如何减少微纤维的扩散，判断最好的标题为"我们如何处理微纤维"。故选A。
㈢鼓楼一模
17．（3分）
Student Volunteers Needed!On Wednesday，May 3rd，from 10 a.m.until 4 p.m.，Moonlight Middle School will hold a music festival in the school gym.The special event will feature a variety of professional musicians and singers.Task Time DateMake posters 1 p.m.—4 p.m.April 26thSet up gym 11 a.m.—4 p.m.May 2ndHelp performers 9 a.m.—4 p.m.May 3rdWelcome guests 10 a.m.——2 p.m.May 3rdClean up gym 4 p.m.—7 p.m.May 3rdInterested students should speak with Ms.Lin，the music teacher.Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent.
（1）What time will the festival begin？ 　　
A.At 10 a.m.. B.At 1 1 a.m.. C.At 1 p.m.. D.At 2 p.m..
（2）What job will be done the day before the festival starts？ 　　
A.Making posters. B.Setting up the gym.
C.Cleaning up the gym. D.Helping the performers.
（3）Who needs to talk to Ms.Lin？ 　　
A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Performers.
【文章大意】本文是志愿者招募的相关信息。
【解答】细节理解题。
1.A根据倒数第四行"Welcome guests 10 a.m.—2 p.m.May 3rd"（欢迎客人5月3日上午10点到下午2点）可知音乐节10点开始。故选A。
2.B根据倒数第四行"Welcome guests 10 a.m.—2 p.m.May 3rd"（欢迎客人5月3日上午10点到下午2点）及倒数第六行"Set up gym 11 a.m.—4 p.m.May 2nd"（5月2日上午11点至下午4点建立健身房）可知音乐节5月3日开始，在此之前完成的是场馆建立，在5月2日。故选B。
3.B根据倒数第二行"Interested students should speak with Ms.Lin"（感兴趣的学生可以和林老师谈谈）可知感兴趣的学生需要和林女士沟通。故选B。
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）18．（3分）Snow forests make up about 30%of the world's total forest areas.These wonderful woodlands are not as famous as the Amazon or other rainforests but they are very important for Earth's health.
Snow forests are found in the far north of the world，in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall.They run for thousands of miles and cover about 17%of Earth's total land area.
Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months but even so，they are home to many kinds of animals，including foxes，hares，mice，moose，reindeer and wolves.
These woodlands have an important job—helping to absorb（吸收） carbon﹣based gases，which can cause climate change.However，snow forests are facing several dangers.Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood，which can be used for building.Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses，or to allow coal mining and oil and gas industries to grow.This leads to less and less living space for wildlife.As the world gets warmer and weather changes，the risk of fires in snow forests rises.In recent years，Canada and Russia have seen very dangerous fires.
Environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to make snow forests protected areas.This means that logging is not allowed or controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest.When wood is needed，tree replanting and careful forest management help to reduce the bad influence.Hopefully this means that the forest is managed in a way that it can survive and regrow.
（1）According to this passage，what do we know about snow forests？ 　　
A.They are at the southern end of the earth.
B.They cover about 30%of Earth's land area.
C.They are not as important as the rainforests.
D.They provide living areas for many wild animals.
（2）Which is NOT the danger that snow forests are facing？ 　　
A.The trees are being cut down. B.Some forests are being cleared.
C.The winters are colder than before. D.The risk of fires is rising greatly.
（3）What does logging in the last paragraph most probably mean？ 　　
A.Cutting down trees. B.Burning the forest.
C.Building roads and houses. D.Hunting wild animals.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了雪林的概念、分布、重要性以及面临的危险和保护措施。
1.D细节理解题。根据第三段Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months but even so，they are home to many kinds of animals，including foxes，hares，mice，moose，reindeer and wolves.（雪林的冬天非常寒冷，可以持续六个月，但即便如此，它们也是许多动物的家，包括狐狸，野兔，老鼠，麋鹿，驯鹿和狼。）可知雪林为许多野生动物提供了生存空间。故选D。
2.C推理判断题。根据第四段However，snow forests are facing several dangers.Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood，which can be used for building.Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses，or to allow coal mining and oil and gas industries to grow.（然而，雪林正面临着一些危险。树木被砍伐的速度越来越快，因为它们的木材可以用来建造房屋。一些森林正在被砍伐，为新的道路和房屋腾出空间，或者为煤矿开采和石油天然气工业的发展腾出空间。）以及As the world gets warmer and weather changes，the risk of fires in snow forests rises.（随着全球变暖和气候变化，雪林火灾的风险上升。）可推断出文中没有提及C选项"冬天比以前更冷了"，故选C。
3.A推理判断题。根据最后一段Environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to make snow forests protected areas.This means that logging is not allowed or controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest.（世界各地的环保组织和野生动物保护组织正在努力建设雪林保护区。这意味着在一些地区不允许或控制采伐，森林被视为具有特殊科学价值的地区。）可推断出最后一段的logging可能意味着砍伐树木。故选A。
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）19．（4分）"Did you see that？"Joe said to his friend Bill.
"You're a great shooter!"
Bill caught the basketball and bounced it before throwing it again.The ball flew into the net.
"Bill，you never miss!"Joe said admiringly.
"Unless I'm in a real game，"Bill complained."Then I miss all the time."
Joe knew that Bill was right.Bill performed much better when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than he did when he was playing for the school team in front of a large crowd.
"Maybe you just need to practice more，"Joe suggested.
"But I practice all the time with you!"Bill disagreed.He shook his head，"I just can't play well when people are watching me."
"You play well when I'm watching，"Joe pointed out.
"That's because I've known you since we were five years old，"Bill said with a smile."I'm just not comfortable playing when other people are around."
Joe nodded and understood，but he also had an idea.
The next day Joe and Bill met in the school yard again to practice.After a few minutes，Joe excused himself.
"Practice without me，"Joe said to his friend."I'll be back in a minute."
Joe hurried through the school building，gathering together whomever he could find—two students，a maths teacher，two secretaries，and a janitor.When Joe explained why he needed them，everyone was happy to help.
Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went toward the school's basketball court.As Joe had hoped，Bill was still practicing basketball.He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.
"Hey，Bill!"Joe called out finally.
Bill turned.A look of surprise came over his face.
"I just wanted to show you that you could play well with people watching you，"Joe said."Now you'll have nothing to worry about for the next game!"
（1）What would be the best title for the story？ 　　
A.Two Basketball Lovers B.Practice Makes Perfect
C.Bill Wins the Big Game D.Bill's Basketball Problem
（2）Why is Bill unhappy？ 　　
A.His team loses too many important games.
B.Joe watches him too closely when he plays.
C.The school yard is not a good place to practice.
D.He plays better in practice than he does during games.
（3）Why does Joe decide to gather a group of people？ 　　
A.Because he wants to show them his talent.
B.Because he wants more players for his team.
C.Because he wants to help Bill feel less nervous.
D.Because he wants more people to see the next game.
（4）Why does the group have to stay quiet？ 　　
A.Because Bill likes to practice alone.
B.Because Joe is telling Bill what to do.
C.Because the group needs to listen to Joe's instructions.
D.Because they do not want Bill to know they were there.
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了两个朋友Joe和Bill在学校操场上练习篮球的故事。
1.D标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是Bill在比赛时发挥的不好，在练习中发挥得好，Joe想出一个办法帮助Bill克服紧张情绪的故事。所以"Bill的篮球问题"是最好的标题。故选D。
2.D细节理解题。根据第六段Bill performed much better when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than he did when he was playing for the school team in front of a large crowd.（Bill和Joe在操场上玩的时候比他在一大群人面前为校队踢球的时候表现要好得多。）可知Bill不高兴是因为他在比赛中不如在练习中打得好。故选D。
3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段 "I just wanted to show you that you could play well with people watching you，"Joe said.（Joe说："我只是想告诉你，在别人的注视下，你也能打得很好。"）可知他想帮助Bill克服在别人注视下的紧张情绪，从而打好篮球。故选C。
4.D细节理解题。根据第十五段Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went toward the school's basketball court.As Joe had hoped，Bill was still practicing basketball.He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.（Joe提醒这群人保持安静，他们都朝学校的篮球场走去。正如Joe所希望的那样，Bill还在练习篮球。他连投了五个篮，没有注意到站在他身后沉默的人们。）可知Joe为了Bill能发挥好，让大家保持安静是不想让Bill发现他们。故选D。
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）20．（5分）One of America's best﹣known and most﹣loved authors is Louisa May Alcott.She wrote poems，plays，short stories，and books.For over a hundred years，her works have been popular among both adults and children.How did Alcott become a famous writer？
Born in 1832，Alcott grew up in Massachusetts with her three sisters.When she was very young，she loved to write.She would think up wonderful stories that she turned into plays.Alcott and her sisters acted out the dramas.Alcott always played the most exciting parts：ghosts，bandits，and evil queens.She also loved playing and wandering outdoors.In fact，she was considered quite a "tomboy".In those days，girls were expected to be ladylike，which meant mostly sitting around looking pretty.This was not Alcott's way!She once said that no boy could be her friend until she had beaten him in a race.Girls had to climb trees and leap fences with her if they wanted to be her friends.
Alcott's family was poor.At age fifteen，Alcott decided to help out.However，it was not easy for women to find work in the 19th century.Alcott worked at any job she could find.She took care of children，she taught，and she washed laundry for other people.
Alcott's love of writing was always an important part of her.She wrote from her own life experiences and from her imagination.During the Civil War，Alcott volunteered to work as a nurse.She wrote about this work in her book Hospital Sketches.She also wrote thrillers（惊悚小说） that were full of suspense.When her publisher asked her to write a book for girls.Alcott turned to her own life.
It was then，in 1868，that she wrote what was to become her most popular book，Little Women.The novel is set in New England during the Civil War.It tells the story of four sisters growing up.The family is very similar to the Alcotts.The book's main character，Jo，is based on Alcott herself.Like Alcott，Jo is a determined young woman with a mind of her own.The book was an instant success.It is still popular today and has been made into a movie.Alcott also wrote children's books with boys as the main characters.This was the case in two other Alcott books，Little Men and Jo's Boys.
Early in her career someone once told Alcott that she should give up writing and"stick to teaching".It is lucky that Alcott paid no attention to this misguided person.She knew what she wanted to do with her life—and she did it!
（1）Which words in Paragraph 2 help readers know what the word dramas means？ 　　
A.turned into plays
B.loved to write
C.grew up in Massachusetts
D.wandering outdoors
（2）Which question does Paragraph 3 answer？ 　　
A.Where did Alcott go to work？
B.How did Alcott help her family？
C.What subject did Alcott teach at school？
D.Why was it difficult for women to find work？
（3）In Paragraph 5，why are the words Little Men and Jo's Boys written like this？ 　　
A.To make the words easier to read.
B.To show that they are titles of books.
C.To make them more interesting to readers.
D.To show that they are different from other books.
（4）What is the MOST likely the reason why the author included the last paragraph？ 　　
A.To explain why some people should not give advice.
B.To advise readers to read more about Louisa May Alcott's life.
C.To show that Louisa May Alcott got what she wanted out of life.
D.To encourage readers to write stories about their own experiences.
（5）What would be a good online search for this question：How did Alcott's family influence her writing？ 　　
A.Modern Women Writers
B.Novels and Movies：Little Women
C.Putting Together Life and Writing：Alcott
D.The Complete Works of Louisa May Alcott
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国著名作家路易莎 梅 奥尔科特和她的创作经历。
1.A推理判断题。根据第二段She would think up wonderful stories that she turned into plays.Alcott and her sisters acted out the dramas（她会想出精彩的故事，然后改编成戏剧。奥尔科特和她的姐妹们表演了这些戏剧。）可知，她会把精彩的故事变成戏剧，她和她的姐妹把它表演出来，因此turned into plays能够帮助读者理解dramas的意思。故选A。
2.B段落大意题。根据第三段Alcott's family was poor.At age fifteen，Alcott decided to help out.（奥尔科特的家庭很穷。15岁时，奥尔科特决定帮忙。）及本段信息可知，第三段主要介绍了奥尔科特如何帮助家里摆脱困境。故选B。
3.B推理判断题。根据第五段This was the case in two other Alcott books，Little Men and Jo's Boys.（奥尔科特的另外两部作品《小妇人》和《乔的男孩们》也是如此。）可知，这样写是为了表明它们是书的标题。故选B。
4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段She knew what she wanted to do with her life—and she did it!（她知道自己想要做什么﹣﹣她做到了!）及本段信息可知，作者写最后一段是为了表明路易莎 梅 奥尔科特得到了她想要的生活。故选C。
5.C推理判断题。根据题干信息How did Alcott's family influence her writing？（奥尔科特的家庭对她的写作有什么影响？）可知，在网上搜索关于她的家庭如何影响她的写作方面的问题，应该是把她的生活和写作放在一起来搜索更好。故选C。
㈣建邺一模
17．（3分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing power of science!
DID You KNOW？Every day，scientists fly weather balloons from more than 900 places around the world.These balloons go as far as 200 kilometers.They fly as high as 35 km.This is much higher than airplanes.The balloons then get data（数据） to help scientists make weather forecasts.About 1，000 weather balloons go into the sky every day.
How does a weather balloon work？
1.A weather balloon carries a radiosonde（无线电探空仪） and a parachute（降落伞）.●The radiosonde can measure things like temperature，humidity（湿度） and wind in the air.●The radiosonde can stand temperatures a scold as 95 degrees below zero.●The radiosonde is powered by a small battery（电池）.●The radiosonde sends data back to the aground every one to two seconds.
2.The balloon flies for about two hours.As it goes up，it gets thinner and thinner.Pop!It bursts（爆裂）!
3.With the help of the parachute，the radiosonde falls slowly to the ground.
（1）What is a weather balloon made up of？　　
①a balloon ②a parachute ③an airplane ④a radiosonde
A.①②③
B.②③④
C.①③④
D.①②④
（2）According to the table，what can we learn about the radiosonde？　　
A.There is a big battery inside the radiosonde.
B.The parachute helps the radiosonde to burst.
C.The radiosonde bursts as the balloon goes up.
D.The radiosonde can work at very low temperatures.
（3）According to the table，how can weather balloons help study weather？　　
A.They fly as far as 35 kilometers.
B.They only work on sunny days.
C.They collect data for further study.
D.They work together with airplanes.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了气象气球是如何工作的。
【解答】细节理解题。
1.D根据表格第三栏A weather balloon carries a radiosonde（无线电探空仪） and a parachute（降落伞）.（一个气象气球携带无线电探空仪和一个降落伞。）可知，气象气球是由气球、无线电探空仪和降落伞组成的。①②④符合题意，故选D。
2.D根据表格第三栏The radiosonde can stand temperatures a scold as 95 degrees below zero.（无线电探空仪可以承受零下95度的温度。）可知，无线电探空仪可以在非常低的温度下工作。故选D。
3.C根据第一栏The balloons then get data（数据） to help scientists make weather forecasts.（气球然后获取数据，帮助科学家做天气预报。）可知，气象气球收集数据以供进一步研究。故选C。
（2023·南京建邺区一模）18．（3分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing life of animals!
Smart Mrs.Squirrel sat at the top of a tree，"I believe in the habit of saving，"said she."If it were not for that，in the cold winter _______，My young ones and I would starve（挨饿） all together.""So I'm teaching my children to run and save up，Every acorn as soon as it drops from its cup.And to bring kernels of corn from the stalks in the field，To the big tall tree where I keep it concealed（隐蔽的）.""Best of all，we have gathered，as much as we could，Beechnuts and butternuts grown in the wood.For cold days and hard times winter surely will bring.And a habit of saving is a wonderful thing!""But my children are young and they like to play.'We have plenty，yes plenty，already.'they say.'We are tired of bringing in food for our store.Let us play and frolic（嬉闹） and gather no more!'But I tell them it's pleasant when winter is rough，If both to use and to share we have enough.And they'll find before winter turns into spring，That a habit of saving is an excellent thing."
（1）Which is the best word for the blank？　　
A.flowers B.weather C.showers D shade
（2）What can we know about Mrs.Squirrel according to the poem？　　
A.She likes winter more than any other season.
B.She is not smart enough to be a good mother.
C.She is willing to share some of what she stores.
D.She will save food for the winter in the ground.
（3）Which of the following is an opinion about this poem？　　
A.Young squirrels like to play outside.
B.This is the best poem about squirrels.
C.This poem covers several rhyming words.
D.The squirrels in this poem store food for winter.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了松鼠有为冬天储存食物的好习惯。
【解答】细节理解题。
1.B根据第一段in the cold winter（在寒冷的冬天）可知，应该是在冬天寒冷的天气里。故选B。
2.C根据最后一段But I tell them it's pleasant when winter is rough.If both to use and to share we have enough.（但我告诉他们，冬天艰难的时候很愉快。如果使用和分享我们充足的东西。）可知，松鼠夫人愿意分享她储存的一些东西。故选C。
3.D根据最后一段And they'll find before winter turns into spring.That a habit of saving is an excellent thing.（他们会在冬天变成春天之前发现。储存的习惯是一件很好的事情。）可知，这首诗中的松鼠为冬天储存食物。故选D。
（2023·南京建邺区一模）19．（4分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing story of a crane!
There was once a poor sailmaker named Chris.He worked very hard every day，but he didn't make much money.He had a roof over his head and food to eat，so he lived comfortably，but he felt lonely because he had nobody to share his simple life with.
One day，an injured crane lay near Chris' front steps."Poor crane，"he whispered.He
carefully carried the crane and brought it inside.He cared for it all winter long.One day，it was strong enough to fly away.Chris watched and thought，"If only I could catch that crane's swiftness（迅速） in one of my sails."The following spring，a beautiful woman knocked at Chris' door."My name is Lydia，"she said softly."I've been walking for several days，and I need food and rest."Chris took her in.A month later，they got married.
"I can make wonderful sails for you，"Lydia said."They will be beautiful，and you will make a lot of money from them.However，you must promise never to watch me make the sails."
Chris said，"I promise."
Lydia went to her weaving（编织） room.A month went by before the first sail was finished.When Chris finally brought it to the market，he was surprised that people wanted to pay so much money for it.He asked Lydia to weave more.She wove many sails，and Chris' wealth grew.He spent his new money on expensive clothing，jewellery，and paintings.As he made more money and got more things，he slowly became more greedy（贪婪的）.
One day，Lydia said she needed to rest.She was tired out.But Chris insisted that she keep working，so she did.Then Chris wanted her to work faster.He became impatient with Lydia.One day，he was so angry that he forgot about the promise he'd made.He threw open the door to Lydia's weaving room and was surprised to see a beautiful crane weaving its feathers into a sail.
Chris shouted."You're the crane that I saved!"
"Yes，"the crane said."But you've broken your promise，so I must leave."
Once again，Chris was a poor，lonely sailmaker.Whenever he saw a crane in the sky，he thought about his broken promise.
（1）Which of the followi中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年南京中考英语真题与2023年中考一模试题分类解析三阅读理解（解析卷）
一、2022年南京中考英语阅读理解真题
A
(2022江苏南京中考) Money always flows between people. When money moves from one person to another, it's known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens.
Earning Most people earn money by doing a job that somebody pays them for.
Spending People spend money they earn on things they need, such as food and electricity, and stuff they want, such as books and treats
Donating Some organizations and charities rely on people giving them money.Giving money to a cause is known as donating.
Investing Investing is when someone spends money on something to make more money from it in the end. There are many different ways to invest.
Borrowing and lending When people can't afford to do something, they can sometimes borrow money from somewhere else, such as a bank. Lent money is known as a loan. All loans have to be paid back.
Taxation People can't keep all the money they make. Everyone has to give some to the government to help pay for public services, such as schools and hospitals.This is known as taxation.
26.Which of the following is “earning”
A.Getting money by working.
B.Spending money on clothes.
C.Offering money to the poor.
D.Giving money to the government.
27. You bought a piece of art. Hopefully you can sell it and make some money in the future. What is it called
A.Donating.
B.Taxation.
C.Borrowing and lending.
D.Investing.
28.What's the purpose of the passage
A.To help charities raise money.
B.To introduce ways money moves.
D.To recommend methods of investing.
C.To give instructions to spend money.
B
(2022江苏南京中考) Here is an experiment(实验) to find out how blowing into bottles can make musical notes(音).
1.Pour different amounts(数量) of water into a selection. Don’t fill any to the top.
2.Rest the neck of one bottle on your lower lip. Blow gently across the top until you hear a note.
3.Blow gently across all the bottles in turn. Do different levels of water make different notes
If you can’t get a note, change the angle, or how hard you blow.
4.You could add food dye to the water, so that you can see levels more easily.
What’s going on
Blowing makes the air inside the bottle vibrate(震动), producing a note. The notes change according to the amount of water and air in the bottle. The bigger the space between the water and the top of the bottle, the lower the note.
29. How can you see the water levels more clearly
A. By adding food dye.
B.By pouring more water.
C.By blowing into bottles.
D.By resting bottles on lips.
30. What produces a note according to this experiment
A.The level of the water.
B. The size of the glass bottle.
C. The vibration of the air in the bottle.
D.The amount of the food dye in the water.
31. What does the writer want to tell us through this experiment
A.Science things are easy to make.
B.Fixed times are necessary for notes.
C.Musical notes are difficult to change.
D.Labs are important for experiments.
C
(2022江苏南京中考) Wednesday
Today it snowed for the first time this winter,and school was cancelled. We were supposed to have a test in Pre-Algebra,and I’ve been lazy ever since I became a Safety Patrol.So I was excited.
I called Rowley and told him to come over. We have been talking about building the world's biggest snowman for the past couple of years now.
And when I say the world's biggest snowman, I'm not joking. Our goal is to get into the “Guinness Book of World Records”.
But every year we’ve got serious about going for the record, all the snow has melted（融化），and we've missed our window of opportunity. So this year, I wanted to get started right away.When Rowley came over, we started rolling（滚）the first snowball to make the base.I thought the base was going to have to be at least eight feet tall on its own if we wanted to have a shot at breaking the record. But the snowball got very heavy, and we had to take a bunch of breaks in between rolls so we could catch our breath.
During one of our breaks, Mom came outside to go to the grocery store, but our snowball was blocking her car in.So we got a little free labour out of her.
After our break we pushed that snowball until we couldn’t push it any further. But when we looked behind us,we saw the mess we had made.
The snowball had got so heavy that it tore up all the turf（草皮）Dad had just laid down last autumn.
I was hoping it would snow a few more inches and cover up our tracks, but just like that, it stopped snowing.
Our plan to build the worlds' biggest snowman was starting to fall apart. So I came up with a better idea for our snowball.
Every time it snows, the kids from Whirley Street use our hill for sledging, even though this isn’t their neighbourhood.
So tomorrow morning, when the Whirley Street kids come marching up our hill, we are going to teach those guys a lesson.
32 Why was the school cancelled today
A.The bad weather B.A test in Pre-Algebra
C.The Safety Patrol's task. D.A plan for breaking the record
33What do the underlined words“window of opportunity” mean
A.A wonderful chance to sledge. B.A short time to make a snowman.
C.A pleasant break from having the test. D.A narrow space for rolling a snowball.
34. Which picture can best show the mess the two boys made
35.What does “a better idea for our snowball” probably mean
A. Asking parents to make the snowball bigger.
B. Using the snowball to enter the “Guinness Book”
C. Making the biggest snowman with neighbouring kids.
D. Preventing the Whirley Street kids sledging with the snowball.
D
(2022江苏南京中考) Long ago there was an old candy peddler. He would walk around with his basket of candy, but he was so kind-hearted that he gave away as much as he sold,so he was always poor.
Now in that city lived a rich man with a disease in his eyes.
When the old peddler heard about it,he remembered his mother had once told him about a magical herb（药草）that was good for the eyes.
The next morning,he left the city and did not stop until he was deep inside the woods.
As he examined to the ground,he noticed ants scurrying about. A rock had fallen into a stream,so the water now spilled（涌）into the ants’ nest.
“We’re all one,”the kind-hearted peddler said.So he waded into the shallow stream and put the rock on the bank.Then he dug a shallow ditch that sent the rest of the water back into the stream.
He stumble through the growing darkness until he reached a ruined temple.As he started inside, he saw centipede.It was also rushing into the temple as fast as it could, but there was a bird swooping down toward it.
“We’re all one,you and I.”So the old peddler waved his arms and shouted,scaring the bird away.
“We’re one,you and I,”a voice said faintly--as if from a long distance. “If you go south ,you will find s pine tree with two trunks.By it roots, you will find a magic bend, Tell the rich man to drink it if he wants to cure bis eyes.”
The old man followed the centipede’s instructions and travelled south.He walked until late in the afternoon and finally saw the odd tree.But the ground was covered with pine needles and his old eyes were too weak.He remembered the ants and called, “ Ants,ants,we are all one.”
Almost immediately,thousands of ants came pouring out of nowhere.The old man held up his fingers. “I’m looking for a bead.It might be very tiny.”And in no time,the ants with a tiny bead.Delighted,the old man expressed his thanked and made his way out of the woods.
The next day, he reached the house of the rich man. However, he was so poor and ragged that the gatekeeper only laughed at him.
The old peddler tried to argue. “Poor or rich man,we are all one.”
But it so happened that the rich man was passing by the gates. The old peddler took out the bead and handed it to the rich man.
The rich men drank it down. Instantly the pain disappeared. Shortly after that, his eyes were cured. The rich man was so happy and grateful.
The kindly old peddler and his family lived peacefully for he rest of their lives.
Why did the old peddler help the rich man
To offer his kindness. B.To look for the magical herb.
To get the rich man's thanks D.To save the ants and the centipede.
37. How is what the peddler did for the centipede similar to what he did for the ants
A.Giving them enough food B.Saving them out of danger.
C Building safe places for them. D.Reaching an agreement with their enemies.
38. What do the underlined words “scurrying about” in the passage mean
A Enjoying food together. B.Moving around quickly.
C Playing with each other happily. D.Looking for streams everywhere.
39.What does the peddler mean when he says,“We are all one”
A.Insects need human’s help.
B.The rich man's eyes can be cured.
C. The odd tree must be inside the woods.
D. All living things share a need for kindness.
40. From which the passage is probably taken
A. a story book B.a history book
C.a book review D.a health magazine
二、2023年南京中考一模试题阅读理解分类
㈠秦淮一模
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）17．（3分）Did you know that a large number of people get sick from foodborne illness each year？Luckily，foodborne illness can be prevented.Follow these three easy rules to help you.
◆ SEPARATE raw（生的）meat and eggs from other items in your refrigerator.If possible，use a different cutting board for raw meat products.This will reduce the chance of bacteria's（细菌）spread from one food to another.
◆ CHILL（冷藏）foods to keep bacteria from growing.Bacteria are able to grow quickly at room temperature，so keep fresh foods in the refrigerator to limit this risk.
◆ COOK your food to a high enough temperature to kill harmful bacteria that may lead to illness.Use a thermometer to make sure your foods have reached a safe temperature.
Here is a chart for you to use as a food temperature guide.
Food Lowest Temperature （℉） Food Lowest Temperature （℉）
Steaks 145 Pork of Beef 160
Eggs 160 Fish 145
Chicken and turkey 165 Leftovers 165
（1）Which of the following foods can be put together in a refrigerator？ 　　
A．Eggs and potatoes. B．Raw fish and tomatoes.
C．Raw beef and raw pork. D．Raw chicken and apples.
（2）Fish should be cooked at least above the temperature of 　　.
A．140℉ B．145℉ C．160℉ D．165℉
（3）Which part of a magazine is the passage probably from？ 　　
A．Healthy Life B．Travel Guide C．History Character D．Natural World
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）18．（3分）Wednesday，March 1，1944
Dearest Kitty，
My own worries stopped because of a break﹣in.Maybe I'm making you feel bored with all my break﹣ins，but what can I do when burglars take such pleasure in getting into Gies & Go.？This is even worse than the last one in July 1943.
Last night at 7：30，Mr.Van Daan was going to Mr.Kugler's office as usual when he saw that both the glass door and the office door were open.He was surprised，but he went on through and was even more surprised to see that there was a terrible mess in the front office.
"There's been a burglary，"he thought to himself.But just to make sure，he went downstairs to the front door，checked the lock and found everything closed.Early this morning Peter knocked at our door to tell us that the front door was wide open.Mr.Van Daan told us his discoveries of the night before，and we were very worried.The only possibility is that the burglar must have had a key which can open any door，since there were no signs of a forced opening of doors. If not，who could have our key？Why didn't the burglar go to the warehouse（仓库）？Was it one of our own warehouse workers，and will he tell somebody else since he's heard Mr.Van Daan and maybe ever seen him？
It is really terrible since we don't know whether the burglar will try and get in again.Or was he so scared when he heard someone else in the building that he'll stay away？
Yours，
Anne
（1）From Paragraph 1，it is sure that Anne 　　.
A．lived a happy life before B．thought that Kitty was boring.
C．knew why the burglar broke D．has a similar experience in 1943
（2）After the break﹣in，Mr.Van Daan and Peter 　　.
A．went to Mr.Kugler's office B．told what they had found
C．changed the lock to every door D．cleaned the mess in the front office
（3）What can we infer（推断）from the underlined sentences in the passage？ 　　
A．The burglar was an office worker.
B．The burglar used a key to open every door.
C．Mr.Van Daan had heard and even seen the burglar.
D．The burglar may have seen Mr.Van Daan and told others.
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）19．（4分）While it may seem impossible for fish to drive，in a new experience（实验），scientists put goldfish's sense of direction to the test.
Scientists as Ben﹣Gurion University taught several goldfish to drive a robotic "car" —a tank of water on wheels around a room.It may seem like a fish﹣out﹣of﹣water idea，but they took it well.The fish tank had a camera to record the fish's position.When the goldfish swam towards walls，the car drove in that direction.
The researchers trained the fish during some 30﹣minute periods to drive to the center of a small room towards a pink board.They gave the fish a treat whenever it arrived at the places.In the first period，the goldfish could have 2﹣3 successful trips.By the end of the experiment，the fish could have 17﹣18 successful trips.
Like humans，some of the fish took their driver's education quicker than others— taking faster and more direct paths to their destination（目的地）.During the experiment，researchers changed the starting position of the car.Even in different locations，the goldfish were still able to reach the pink board.This finding showed that the fish were not just remembering the ways to get their reward.These animals in water were also planning new ways to their destination.
"It comes to the conclusion that the fish can navigate，" said Ben﹣Shahar，a member of the study，the team let one of the goldfish take a ride in the whole building. "And it started to explore.It went down one of the corridors and wanted to get away，" said Ben﹣Shahar.
（1）In the experiment，when goldfish swam forward，they would 　　.
A．need a hard push B．jump out of water
C．make the car move D．record their position
（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ 　　
A．If the fish reached the right place，they would get food.
B．The fish could have 17﹣18 successful trips in the beginning.
C．The fish could find their destination only by remembering the ways.
D．When starting position was changed，the fish couldn't reach the board.
（3）What does the underlined word "navigate" in the passage mean？ 　　
A．Swim in water. B．Find position.
C．Miss the pink board. D．Move carefully.
（4）What is the best title for the passage？ 　　
A．Life about Goldfish B．Humans and Goldfish
C．The smartest in the World D．Teaching Goldfish to "Drive"
（2023·南京秦淮区一模）20．（5分）Since 2011，the Shanghai Peking Opera Company has held two seasons of "Youth Runway"，a long﹣term opera development project，hoping to find young opera talents.118 young performers（表演者）have successfully showed 200 plays and classical pieces.Most of them were born between 1995 and 2000，making them the company's newest power.They will show both classical and new plays in many different styles.
① "The Butterfly Lovers"，one of the plays in this spring，is changed from a sad love story between a young poor man，Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai，the daughter of a wealthy family.They return as butterflies after their death.Another one， "Twelve Roles"，which will be presented in the summer，largely gets its idea from an American film "12 Angry Men".The 12 members，all from different backgrounds，must decide a child's fate（命运）in a murder.
Yueju opera，which developed around 1906 in Shengzhou，Zhejiang Province，is one of China's most famous operas.In the old days，people loved it because of its styles of singing and melodies（旋律）.Now，it is getting a new life. ② The performing season for young performers is held in its fifth year and has its own characteristic.Moreover，the project worked with BesTV to create a Yueju opera short video series about the 24 solar terms（节气）of traditional Chinese calendar.
Every year，the China Shanghai International Arts Festival provides chances for traditional opera performers like Yueju talents to perform. ③ Many traditional opera performers have got fans among students and young performers in recent years by showing how they prepare for a concert and behind﹣the﹣scenes stories with mobile apps on video websites.
④ They try many ways to make traditional art forms attractive to today's youth，including the creation of short opera films and the use of popular melodies. "We believe that Xiqu （traditional opera） like Yueju can attract today's young people because it can be mixed with different art forms，" says Chen Daming，a theater critic.
（1）According to the first paragraph，the project "Youth Runway" is to 　　.
A．discover young opera talents B．teach young people Yueju opera
C．attract people to work in Shanghi D．provide plays and shows for free.
（2）"The Butterfly Lovers" and "Twelve Roles" are both 　　.
A．based upon foreign films B．changed from another story
C．presented at the same time D．sad love storied from China
（3）It's better to put the sentence "Young performers have an important role in spreading the art." in 　　.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
（4）From the passage，we know Yueju opera 　　.
A．is made into films about the 24 solar terms on TV
B．is less attractive because of the use of popular melodies
C．becomes more popular now for its special styles of singing and dancing
D．gets more fans because the performers show how they prepare for a concert
（5）According to Chen Daming，the future of Xiqu is 　　.
A．hopeful B．unsure C．challenging D．mystery
㈡ 玄武一模
17．（3分）
（1）You can visit the British Museum at 　　.
A.8 a.m.on Monday B.9 a.m.on Thursday
C.1 p.m.on Friday D.2 p.m.on Sunday
（2）What did most visitors think about the museum？ 　　
A.Terrible.
B.Not bad.
C.Good.
D.Excellent.
（3）Which is NOT true according to the poster？ 　　
A.The British Museum is free to the public.
B.Visitors can easily find food and drinks in the museum.
C.The museum provides designated wheelchair and public toilet.
D.The Elgin marbles and the Rosetta Stone are on different floors.
（2023·南京玄武区一模）18．（3分）In some areas of Yunnan，when winter comes，people sit around a fire and bake tea in pottery pots on the charcoal fire.After the tea leaves are roasted，people add hot water to boil them.While drinking tea，they chat with each other and bake fruits over the fire，which has become a social scene in these areas.
Today，the unique experience of "boiling tea around a stove"has become popular on the Internet unexpectedly.On the social media platform Xiaohongshu，the number of views on the topic has also been over 12 million.
Now netizens are sharing plenty of other choices in the activity，from homemade roasted milk tea to heated wine.In addition to all types of drinks，the choices of snacks are even more diverse.The most popular choices include roasted sweet potatoes，oranges，glutinous rice cakes，as well as marshmallows.Some people also prepare dried fruits，nuts and even red dates for health management.
Stove﹣boiled tea has attracted young Chinese people through its connection with natural environment.People normally sit outside or in indoor courtyards with potted plants and traditional Chinese decorations.Some also show their love of stove﹣boiled tea while wearing traditional Hanfu clothing in these graceful settings.
The charm of boiling tea around a stove also comes from companionship.When people are facing the pressure of a fast life and the stress of work and study，making tea around the fire provides a chance to slow down，relax and get back to living a life with your friends.A small stove，a pot of tea，and some friends gathered to chat together easily take up a whole afternoon.
（1）This passage would most likely to be found in an article of 　　.
A.science B.cooking C.lifestyle D.history
（2）The underlined word in the third paragraph most likely means 　　.
A.of different types B.of different sizes
C.of different shapes D.of different times
（3）More and more people prefer " boiling tea around a stove " because 　　.
①it provides a chance to talk with friends freely
②it helps people get away from pressure of a fast lifestyle
③it makes people have more choices for health management
④it allows them to enjoy themselves in a natural environment
A.①②③
B.②③④
C.①③④
D.①②④
（2023·南京玄武区一模）19．（4分）① With her silver hair，68﹣year﹣old Xu Lili stands out in a crowd of young people.Xugoes square dancing every night with her friends in the center of Harbin.Their dancing has strong rhythm and a wide range of movements，making it more like disco than the slow traditional Chinese square dancing.Xu is the organizer and the only senior taking part.
② Apart from Xu，most dancers are in their 20s."Grandma Xu may be old，but we all learn from her，"says Zhang Dongkai，23."She is our leader."
The contrast between her age and her dancing has not only endeared her to those around her，but also made her famous online，with many netizens praising her dancing and optimistic attitude.Instead of just looking after grandchildren，increasing numbers of elderly Chinese are enjoying their own lives.
Wang Yun，72，goes to a dance class for seniors every week at Harbin University，which was founded in 1984 and is one of the earliest universities for the elderly in China.Hundreds of thousands have graduated from the institution over the past three decades.
③ The average age of Wang's dance class is over 60.Teacher Li Yongxia says she hastaught dance there for more than 10 years.Many students were not in good shape when they first came，but dancing changed their attitude toward life.
Harbin University for the elderly is very popular.Though there are branch schools in every district of Harbin，many courses are full soon after the online registration（注册） channels are opened.
Qu Wenyong，a sociology professor at Heilongjiang University who has been following the elderly care industry for many years，says the ages from 60 to 70 have become part of the "golden decade" for China's elderly as the country's average（平均的） life expectancy increases."They are healthy，they have time and they require a higher quality of life，"Qu says.
④ Not long ago，a video of 66﹣year﹣old Deng Xiaohui walking a catwalk with her partner in Harbin's Central Street received more than 1 million likes on social media.
"I loved fashion shows when I was young，and I realized my dream after I retired."Deng has been studying the catwalk for five years at a modeling school in Harbin.
（1）What is 68﹣year﹣old Xu Lili famous for online？ 　　
A.Being the only organizer of the square dancing class.
B.Going square dancing with a crowd of young people.
C.Being perfect at slow traditional Chinese square dancing.
D.Going square dancing every night for more than 10 years.
（2）Where can we put the sentence "Many elderly people in China also like to share their lives on the Internet."？ 　　
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
（3）Why is Harbin University for the elderly so popular？ 　　
A.It opens online registration channels.
B.It is the only university for the elderly.
C.Many of the elderly are not in good shape.
D.The elderly today need a higher quality of life.
（4）What can we infer from the passage？ 　　
A.The elderly can realize their dreams easily.
B.The average life expectancy in China increases.
C.Dancing allows the elderly to be young at heart.
D.Many of the elderly refuse to look after grandchildren.
（2023·南京玄武区一模）20．（5分）Did you know that almost 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans every year？There are many factors that contribute to this pollution，including microfibers.They have been found in shorelines，seafloors，and even snow.In addition，microfibers can also be found in human waste.Studies show that we are constantly exposed to microplastic through our food，our water，and even the air we breathe.
Microfibers are tiny synthetic fibers that are created from small bits of plastic.They make up materials such as polyester，rayon，nylon，and acrylic and are the most common type of microplastic found in the environment.
The growing popularity of this material dates back to the early 1990s.Swedish manufacturers produced a variety of these materials，making it one of the most popular in Europe.By the early 2000s，items made of microfiber became popular worldwide.The material was﹣and still is﹣cheap，highly durable（耐用的），and water﹣resistant.Because of these features，it is used for a variety of reasons，such as cleaning，home ware，clothes，and accessories.
Unluckily，when these synthetic items are washed，they release microfibers.Washing one load of synthetic clothes can release millions of fibers.Although wastewater treatment factories catch most of these fibers，some pass through because of their small size，entering our waterways and polluting the environment.They are also difficult to collect and clean，so it is important to prevent them from entering the environment in the first place.
How Can We Help？
Fortunately，prevention starts right at home!Research has concluded that there are many ways to reduce the spread of microfibers.Some include the following：
Reducing the washing of synthetic material
Air﹣drying clothes also saves energy and reduces water consumption
Avoiding half﹣loads of laundry
Using a front﹣loading washing machine
It's a common misunderstanding that wearing cotton instead of synthetic material is environmentally friendly.Researchers claim that cotton clothes often release（释放） chemicals，which is another cause of harm to the environment.Ultimately，scientists theorize that developing better materials is the best solution.
Although these solutions prevent the spread of microfibers，they do not completely get rid of the ones already in the environment.Luckily，companies in the apparel industry as well as NGOs and researchers are actively trying to develop technology to clean our oceans and the environment.For now，we all can take small steps to do our part in restoring our beautiful planet.
（1）What are microfibers？ 　　
A.They are created from small bits of plastics.
B.They are made up of materials like rayon and nylon.
C.They are highly durable，water﹣resistant and expensive.
D.They are the most common type of natural microplastic.
（2）What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to？ 　　
A.Clothes. B.Factories.
C.Microfibers. D.Waterways
（3）Which of the following is NOT the way to reduce the spread of microfibers？ 　　
A.Avoid half﹣loads of laundry.
B.Wash synthetic material less.
C.Choose a front﹣loading washing machine.
D.Wear cotton instead of synthetic material.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe the writer's opinion？ 　　
A.Doubtful. B.Hopeful. C.Worried. D.Satisfied.
（5）Which is the most possible title for this passage？ 　A　
A.What can we do with microfibers？
B.How do microfibers enter our oceans？
C.Where can we find microfibers？
D.Why do clothes release microfibers？
㈢鼓楼一模
17．（3分）
Student Volunteers Needed!On Wednesday，May 3rd，from 10 a.m.until 4 p.m.，Moonlight Middle School will hold a music festival in the school gym.The special event will feature a variety of professional musicians and singers.Task Time DateMake posters 1 p.m.—4 p.m.April 26thSet up gym 11 a.m.—4 p.m.May 2ndHelp performers 9 a.m.—4 p.m.May 3rdWelcome guests 10 a.m.——2 p.m.May 3rdClean up gym 4 p.m.—7 p.m.May 3rdInterested students should speak with Ms.Lin，the music teacher.Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent.
（1）What time will the festival begin？ 　　
A.At 10 a.m.. B.At 1 1 a.m.. C.At 1 p.m.. D.At 2 p.m..
（2）What job will be done the day before the festival starts？ 　　
A.Making posters. B.Setting up the gym.
C.Cleaning up the gym. D.Helping the performers.
（3）Who needs to talk to Ms.Lin？ 　　
A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Performers.
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）18．（3分）Snow forests make up about 30%of the world's total forest areas.These wonderful woodlands are not as famous as the Amazon or other rainforests but they are very important for Earth's health.
Snow forests are found in the far north of the world，in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall.They run for thousands of miles and cover about 17%of Earth's total land area.
Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months but even so，they are home to many kinds of animals，including foxes，hares，mice，moose，reindeer and wolves.
These woodlands have an important job—helping to absorb（吸收） carbon﹣based gases，which can cause climate change.However，snow forests are facing several dangers.Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood，which can be used for building.Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses，or to allow coal mining and oil and gas industries to grow.This leads to less and less living space for wildlife.As the world gets warmer and weather changes，the risk of fires in snow forests rises.In recent years，Canada and Russia have seen very dangerous fires.
Environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to make snow forests protected areas.This means that logging is not allowed or controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest.When wood is needed，tree replanting and careful forest management help to reduce the bad influence.Hopefully this means that the forest is managed in a way that it can survive and regrow.
（1）According to this passage，what do we know about snow forests？ 　　
A.They are at the southern end of the earth.
B.They cover about 30%of Earth's land area.
C.They are not as important as the rainforests.
D.They provide living areas for many wild animals.
（2）Which is NOT the danger that snow forests are facing？ 　　
A.The trees are being cut down. B.Some forests are being cleared.
C.The winters are colder than before. D.The risk of fires is rising greatly.
（3）What does logging in the last paragraph most probably mean？ 　　
A.Cutting down trees. B.Burning the forest.
C.Building roads and houses. D.Hunting wild animals.
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）19．（4分）"Did you see that？"Joe said to his friend Bill.
"You're a great shooter!"
Bill caught the basketball and bounced it before throwing it again.The ball flew into the net.
"Bill，you never miss!"Joe said admiringly.
"Unless I'm in a real game，"Bill complained."Then I miss all the time."
Joe knew that Bill was right.Bill performed much better when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than he did when he was playing for the school team in front of a large crowd.
"Maybe you just need to practice more，"Joe suggested.
"But I practice all the time with you!"Bill disagreed.He shook his head，"I just can't play well when people are watching me."
"You play well when I'm watching，"Joe pointed out.
"That's because I've known you since we were five years old，"Bill said with a smile."I'm just not comfortable playing when other people are around."
Joe nodded and understood，but he also had an idea.
The next day Joe and Bill met in the school yard again to practice.After a few minutes，Joe excused himself.
"Practice without me，"Joe said to his friend."I'll be back in a minute."
Joe hurried through the school building，gathering together whomever he could find—two students，a maths teacher，two secretaries，and a janitor.When Joe explained why he needed them，everyone was happy to help.
Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went toward the school's basketball court.As Joe had hoped，Bill was still practicing basketball.He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.
"Hey，Bill!"Joe called out finally.
Bill turned.A look of surprise came over his face.
"I just wanted to show you that you could play well with people watching you，"Joe said."Now you'll have nothing to worry about for the next game!"
（1）What would be the best title for the story？ 　　
A.Two Basketball Lovers B.Practice Makes Perfect
C.Bill Wins the Big Game D.Bill's Basketball Problem
（2）Why is Bill unhappy？ 　　
A.His team loses too many important games.
B.Joe watches him too closely when he plays.
C.The school yard is not a good place to practice.
D.He plays better in practice than he does during games.
（3）Why does Joe decide to gather a group of people？ 　　
A.Because he wants to show them his talent.
B.Because he wants more players for his team.
C.Because he wants to help Bill feel less nervous.
D.Because he wants more people to see the next game.
（4）Why does the group have to stay quiet？ 　　
A.Because Bill likes to practice alone.
B.Because Joe is telling Bill what to do.
C.Because the group needs to listen to Joe's instructions.
D.Because they do not want Bill to know they were there.
（2023·南京鼓楼区一模）20．（5分）One of America's best﹣known and most﹣loved authors is Louisa May Alcott.She wrote poems，plays，short stories，and books.For over a hundred years，her works have been popular among both adults and children.How did Alcott become a famous writer？
Born in 1832，Alcott grew up in Massachusetts with her three sisters.When she was very young，she loved to write.She would think up wonderful stories that she turned into plays.Alcott and her sisters acted out the dramas.Alcott always played the most exciting parts：ghosts，bandits，and evil queens.She also loved playing and wandering outdoors.In fact，she was considered quite a "tomboy".In those days，girls were expected to be ladylike，which meant mostly sitting around looking pretty.This was not Alcott's way!She once said that no boy could be her friend until she had beaten him in a race.Girls had to climb trees and leap fences with her if they wanted to be her friends.
Alcott's family was poor.At age fifteen，Alcott decided to help out.However，it was not easy for women to find work in the 19th century.Alcott worked at any job she could find.She took care of children，she taught，and she washed laundry for other people.
Alcott's love of writing was always an important part of her.She wrote from her own life experiences and from her imagination.During the Civil War，Alcott volunteered to work as a nurse.She wrote about this work in her book Hospital Sketches.She also wrote thrillers（惊悚小说） that were full of suspense.When her publisher asked her to write a book for girls.Alcott turned to her own life.
It was then，in 1868，that she wrote what was to become her most popular book，Little Women.The novel is set in New England during the Civil War.It tells the story of four sisters growing up.The family is very similar to the Alcotts.The book's main character，Jo，is based on Alcott herself.Like Alcott，Jo is a determined young woman with a mind of her own.The book was an instant success.It is still popular today and has been made into a movie.Alcott also wrote children's books with boys as the main characters.This was the case in two other Alcott books，Little Men and Jo's Boys.
Early in her career someone once told Alcott that she should give up writing and"stick to teaching".It is lucky that Alcott paid no attention to this misguided person.She knew what she wanted to do with her life—and she did it!
（1）Which words in Paragraph 2 help readers know what the word dramas means？ 　　
A.turned into plays
B.loved to write
C.grew up in Massachusetts
D.wandering outdoors
（2）Which question does Paragraph 3 answer？ 　　
A.Where did Alcott go to work？
B.How did Alcott help her family？
C.What subject did Alcott teach at school？
D.Why was it difficult for women to find work？
（3）In Paragraph 5，why are the words Little Men and Jo's Boys written like this？ 　　
A.To make the words easier to read.
B.To show that they are titles of books.
C.To make them more interesting to readers.
D.To show that they are different from other books.
（4）What is the MOST likely the reason why the author included the last paragraph？ 　　
A.To explain why some people should not give advice.
B.To advise readers to read more about Louisa May Alcott's life.
C.To show that Louisa May Alcott got what she wanted out of life.
D.To encourage readers to write stories about their own experiences.
（5）What would be a good online search for this question：How did Alcott's family influence her writing？ 　　
A.Modern Women Writers
B.Novels and Movies：Little Women
C.Putting Together Life and Writing：Alcott
D.The Complete Works of Louisa May Alcott
㈣建邺一模
17．（3分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing power of science!
DID You KNOW？Every day，scientists fly weather balloons from more than 900 places around the world.These balloons go as far as 200 kilometers.They fly as high as 35 km.This is much higher than airplanes.The balloons then get data（数据） to help scientists make weather forecasts.About 1，000 weather balloons go into the sky every day.
How does a weather balloon work？
1.A weather balloon carries a radiosonde（无线电探空仪） and a parachute（降落伞）.●The radiosonde can measure things like temperature，humidity（湿度） and wind in the air.●The radiosonde can stand temperatures a scold as 95 degrees below zero.●The radiosonde is powered by a small battery（电池）.●The radiosonde sends data back to the aground every one to two seconds.
2.The balloon flies for about two hours.As it goes up，it gets thinner and thinner.Pop!It bursts（爆裂）!
3.With the help of the parachute，the radiosonde falls slowly to the ground.
（1）What is a weather balloon made up of？　　
①a balloon ②a parachute ③an airplane ④a radiosonde
A.①②③
B.②③④
C.①③④
D.①②④
（2）According to the table，what can we learn about the radiosonde？　　
A.There is a big battery inside the radiosonde.
B.The parachute helps the radiosonde to burst.
C.The radiosonde bursts as the balloon goes up.
D.The radiosonde can work at very low temperatures.
（3）According to the table，how can weather balloons help study weather？　　
A.They fly as far as 35 kilometers.
B.They only work on sunny days.
C.They collect data for further study.
D.They work together with airplanes.
（2023·南京建邺区一模）18．（3分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing life of animals!
Smart Mrs.Squirrel sat at the top of a tree，"I believe in the habit of saving，"said she."If it were not for that，in the cold winter _______，My young ones and I would starve（挨饿） all together.""So I'm teaching my children to run and save up，Every acorn as soon as it drops from its cup.And to bring kernels of corn from the stalks in the field，To the big tall tree where I keep it concealed（隐蔽的）.""Best of all，we have gathered，as much as we could，Beechnuts and butternuts grown in the wood.For cold days and hard times winter surely will bring.And a habit of saving is a wonderful thing!""But my children are young and they like to play.'We have plenty，yes plenty，already.'they say.'We are tired of bringing in food for our store.Let us play and frolic（嬉闹） and gather no more!'But I tell them it's pleasant when winter is rough，If both to use and to share we have enough.And they'll find before winter turns into spring，That a habit of saving is an excellent thing."
（1）Which is the best word for the blank？　　
A.flowers B.weather C.showers D shade
（2）What can we know about Mrs.Squirrel according to the poem？　　
A.She likes winter more than any other season.
B.She is not smart enough to be a good mother.
C.She is willing to share some of what she stores.
D.She will save food for the winter in the ground.
（3）Which of the following is an opinion about this poem？　　
A.Young squirrels like to play outside.
B.This is the best poem about squirrels.
C.This poem covers several rhyming words.
D.The squirrels in this poem store food for winter.
（2023·南京建邺区一模）19．（4分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see the amazing story of a crane!
There was once a poor sailmaker named Chris.He worked very hard every day，but he didn't make much money.He had a roof over his head and food to eat，so he lived comfortably，but he felt lonely because he had nobody to share his simple life with.
One day，an injured crane lay near Chris' front steps."Poor crane，"he whispered.He
carefully carried the crane and brought it inside.He cared for it all winter long.One day，it was strong enough to fly away.Chris watched and thought，"If only I could catch that crane's swiftness（迅速） in one of my sails."The following spring，a beautiful woman knocked at Chris' door."My name is Lydia，"she said softly."I've been walking for several days，and I need food and rest."Chris took her in.A month later，they got married.
"I can make wonderful sails for you，"Lydia said."They will be beautiful，and you will make a lot of money from them.However，you must promise never to watch me make the sails."
Chris said，"I promise."
Lydia went to her weaving（编织） room.A month went by before the first sail was finished.When Chris finally brought it to the market，he was surprised that people wanted to pay so much money for it.He asked Lydia to weave more.She wove many sails，and Chris' wealth grew.He spent his new money on expensive clothing，jewellery，and paintings.As he made more money and got more things，he slowly became more greedy（贪婪的）.
One day，Lydia said she needed to rest.She was tired out.But Chris insisted that she keep working，so she did.Then Chris wanted her to work faster.He became impatient with Lydia.One day，he was so angry that he forgot about the promise he'd made.He threw open the door to Lydia's weaving room and was surprised to see a beautiful crane weaving its feathers into a sail.
Chris shouted."You're the crane that I saved!"
"Yes，"the crane said."But you've broken your promise，so I must leave."
Once again，Chris was a poor，lonely sailmaker.Whenever he saw a crane in the sky，he thought about his broken promise.
（1）Which of the following best describes Chris？　　
①A kind sailmaker who saved a crane.
②A poor sailmaker who became rich finally.
③A hard﹣working husband who helped his wife.
④A greedy husband who treated his wife poorly.
A.①③
B.①④
C.②③
D.②④
（2）Why did Lydia have to leave Chris？　　
A.Because her husband broke his promise.
B.Because her husband doubted her ability.
C.Because she was too tired to continue her work.
D.Because she was too poor to support the family.
（3）How did Chris probably feel in the end？　　
A.He was happy to live on his own.
B.He was satisfied with his business.
C.He felt sad about his lost paintings.
D.He felt regretful about what he had done.
（4）What's the theme of this passage？　　
A.Greed blinds the eyes.
B.Practice makes perfect.
C.It never rains but it pours.
D.Actions speak louder than words.
（2023·南京建邺区一模）20．（5分）
The world is full of amazing things.Let's see China's amazing technology!
In our modern age，we do not think much about how our technology works.We are so used to tapping phone screen to get a map of our location.But how do our phones know where in the world we are and in which direction we are going？It is all thanks to the satellites in space that help our phones calculate our position.Depending on where you are around the world，your phone may be receiving data from different systems.In Europe，people have the Galileo system.In Russia，they have GLONASS.In the USA people use GPS.China，meanwhile，has the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System（BDS）.
The BDS in operation today is more advanced than the first version（版本） of the system，which was sent into space in 2000.The present version has better technology and more satellites.The system is not finished，though.When it is completed，there will be lots of BDS satellites.In the future，those satellites will allow us to discover position of objects with millimetre accuracy（精确度）：that is ten times more accurate than GPS.
Even though more satellites are being added to the system，the BDS has already been put to use.More 40，000 Chinese fishing boats are using the system now.These boats are very helpful in search and rescue operations（营救行动） at sea.They are able to communicate with support services on land as well as give the exact locations of ships in trouble.
The BDS is being used on land as well.Of course，it's not hard to imagine how the system is helping police and firefighters do their job.Agriculture is another area where there are applications for the system.Farmer are able to put the data to good use when operating smart farming equipment.For example，the BDS can be used control driverless tractors as they turn up the fields.Farmers are also using drones（无人机） to check the health of crops and spread seeds over fields.
Although the BDS is of Chinese origin（起源），the developers have said that "China's BeiDou is the world BeiDou"，and they are actively developing international cooperation.Developers predict that the system will not only grow in popularity within China，but overseas as well.And when the system is complete and fully operation in the years to come，the BDS will undoubtedly bring lots of advantages to China and the rest of the world.
（1）What does the underlined word "calculate" probably mean according to the dictionary？ 　D　
calculate/'k lkjule t/verb①to solve the meaning of something②to form an opinion about something③to specially design a product or an event④to work out the results according to the data or clues
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
（2）How does the writer show the changes in the BDS in Paragraph 2？ 　　
A.By showing steps. B.By telling stories.
C.By listing numbers. D.By comparing conditions.
（3）Which of the following can we learn from the passage？ 　　
A.The BDS has already become popular both at home and abroad.
B.People around the world use the same system to locate positions.
C.The whole world will take advantages of the BDS in several years.
D.The BDS has become a common way of communication in daily life.
（4）Where do you probably read this passage？ 　　
A.In a storybook. B.In an art book.
C.In a science book. D.In a guide book.
（5）What is the best title for the passage？ 　　
A.Next up，the BDS B.Get away，the BDS
C.Look back，the BDS D.Slow down，the BDS
㈤联合体一模
17．（2分）
Name：Yuan LongpingNationality：ChineseContribution：He devoted his life to the increase of the rice production and solved the problem of hunger for many people. Name：Mother TeresaNationality：IndianContribution：She spent her life caring for the poor，the sick and the orphaned in India and many other countries.
Name：Roger FedererNationality：SwissContribution：He has won many tennis championships and taken part in charity events in Africa. Name：Bill GatesNationality：SwissContribution：He and his wife created the world's largest charitable foundation in 2000.
（1）What's the passage about？ 　　
A．Charity for all. B．Research on science.
C．Business around the world. D．Introduction to famous people.
（2）What do the four people share in common？ 　　
A．Living in the same country. B．Having a heart full of love.
C．Achieving great success in charity. D．Enjoy taking part in sports games.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四位著名人物的信息。
1.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了四位著名人物的信息，选项D"名人介绍"符合文章主题，故选D。
2.B推理判断题。通读全文可知，四位名人均为世界作出贡献，可知他们是很有爱心的。故选B。
（2023·南京联合体一模）18．（4分）The earth is 4.6 billion years old.We humans have lived on the earth for only 35，000 years，but during this period，we have changed our planet a lot in many ways.Some things we have done are very good for the earth while others are bad.
The Amazon rainforest in South America，at seven million km2，is the largest rainforest in the world.The forest is important for people all over the world because it produces a lot of oxygen，and also helps to cool the weather.But large areas of the rainforest are being cut down for wood—55% of the forest could be gone by 2030!The World Wildlife Federation（WWF） is helping to stop some areas of the rainforest from being cut down.
At 68，000 km2，the Aral Sea was one of the largest lakes in the world before the 1960s.Then rivers were diverted（修改河道） and it has been getting smaller ever since.By 2007，it was only 10% of its original size and had divided into three separate lakes.Dust storms happen again and again and the villages sit on the edge of a huge desert（沙漠） with large ships stranded（搁浅） in its sand.A dam（水坝） has been built to try to bring back higher water levels in the North with some success.
In China，about 3，600 km2 of grassland near the Gobi turns into desert every year.There are often storms that blow dust all the way to Beijing.The storms are getting worse each year and have a deep influence on farmers.
The goal of the Green Wall Project，started in 1978，is to increase forests in northern China from 5% to 15% in order to stop the desert from growing.The project faces many challenges.However，people must never give up on it.
Saving the disappearing nature needs everyone's effort.Although each one of us may only do a little，together we can make a big difference.What can you do to protect the environment？
（1）Why must we save the Amazon according to the passage？ 　　
A．It got the attention of WWF.
B．The rivers in it were diverted.
C．More and more dust storms happen there.
D．It helps produce oxygen and cool the weather.
（2）What does the underlined word "original" in the second paragraph probably mean？ 　　
A．Largest or biggest. B．Unusual and funny.
C．First or earliest. D．Completely different.
（3）How can the Green Wall Project help to save the grassland？ 　　
A．By improving farmers' life. B．By preventing the desert growing.
C．By keeping safe from dust storms. D．By building a dam to have higher water levels.
（4）Where is the passage probably from？ 　　
A．A travel guide. B．A history book.
C．A literary novel. D．A geography magazine.
（2023·南京联合体一模）19．（4分）Kids are natural inventors.They often create amazing things from simple ideas.Here are a few examples that might make you wonder， "Why didn't I think of that？"
Popsicles
Popsicles were invented by 11﹣year﹣old Frank Epperson in 1905.He forgot a drink of juice and left it with a stir stick in it outside on a cold night.The next day it was ice.Because of this he couldn't drink it any more，but he could eat it.It tasted good!These ice sticks became popular among kids at school in summer because they were delicious and helped them stay cool.More than a hundred years passed，and popsicles are still one of the best summer treats!
Earmuffs
When 15﹣year﹣old Chester Greenwood was ice﹣skating in Farmington，Maine，in 1873，his ears were so cold that he couldn't bear it.Although he tried covering his head in a scarf，it was not comfortable.After some thinking，Greenwood made wire into two circles and asked his grandmother to sew fur on them.He then connected them with a steel headband and the first earmuffs were invented!
Crayon holders
When 11﹣year﹣old Cassidy Goldstein needed crayons for a school project，she had a hard time because there were so many small or broken ones.She found some small clear plastic tubes at home.Although the tiny tubes were usually filled with water to keep flowers fresh，she found that they fit tightly around the crayons.She was now able to hold them easily.This is how she invented Crayon Holders.
Wristies
While some kids just complain when snow gets in their mittens and their hands get wet，10﹣year﹣old Kathryn Gregory decided to do something about it.She created the first pair of Wristies as she wanted to keep her wrists warm and dry.Wristies are long gloves with no fingers and they are worn under your mittens and coat.They can also be worn alone.They help you when you work in the cold because your hands stay warm while you use your fingers.She also started a business，with her parents' help，which she still runs today.
All these inventions have one thing in common— .If they can do it，you can do it，too!
（1）In which order does the writer introduce the inventions？ 　　
①
②
③
④
A.①③②④
B．①③④②
C．③①②④
D．③①④②
（2）What's an example of Chester's creative mind？ 　　
A．He found some small clear plastic tubes to hold crayons easily.
B．He used a steel headband to connect the two circles with fur on them.
C．Though it was cold，he thought people would like popsicles in summer.
D．He designed the long gloves with no fingers to keep wrists warm and dry.
（3）Which of the following can be put in the " " in the last paragraph？ 　　
A．the kids were quite helpful B．they were invented in winter
C．the ideas came from science class D．the kids tried to solve problems in life
（4）How did the writer introduce each invention？ 　　
A．By comparing or contrasting. B．By showing time.
C．By giving an example. D．By showing cause and effect.
（2023·南京联合体一模）20．（5分）Many people in Asia and around the world will celebrate the Lunar New Year starting on January 22.The new year is called the Year of the Rabbit in China and the Year of the Cat in Vietnam.How the cat replaced（替代） the rabbit in Vietnam is still the subject of debate.
Both countries follow a calendar based on 12 signs of a zodiac represented by 12 animals.No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named.But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor，or the Buddha，organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world.The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the animal signs
In the Chinese version of the story，the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.The rat won the race，turning the two animals into enemies.That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since.
In the Chinese story，the rabbit crossed the river by jumping on the tops of stones in the river.When the rabbit got there，no others were around，so it went off to the side and slept.By the time the rabbit woke up，three others had already arrived.
However，in the Vietnamese version—which did not have a rabbit—the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth.The top twelve finishers which appear in the animal signs were rat，ox，tiger，cat （or rabbit），dragon，snake，horse，goat，monkey，rooster，dog，and pig.
Philippe Papin is a professor on Vietnamese history at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris.He told the Northwest Asian Weekly in 2011 that one possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have something to do with language.He said in old Chinese，there is a little﹣used word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced like mǎo.The pronunciation is similar to mèo，the Vietnamese word for cat.
This year，a website，VNExpress，said many Vietnamese are buying new cat﹣themed cases for their mobile phones.And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is "why there is no cat in the Chinese animal signs."
（1）What is true about Chinese and Vietnam animal signs？ 　　
A．Both include the Cat and the Rabbit.
B．Each animal sign represents a lunar month.
C．There are 12 animal signs appearing in a fixed order.
D．People know exactly where the animal signs came from.
（2）What do "the two animals" refer to（指的是）？ 　　
A．The rat and the ox. B．The cat and the rat.
C．The rabbit and the ox. D．The cat and the rabbit.
（3）Why did the cat replace the rabbit in Vietnam animal signs most probably？ 　　
A．It was decided by a professor.
B．The cat was better at swimming.
C．The rabbit arrived fourth in the race across a river.
D．The Chinese sign mǎo sounds like the Vietnamese word mèo.
（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ 　　
A．Vietnamese like cats more than the other animals.
B．Buying new cases for mobile phones is a tradition in Vietnam.
C．The Lunar New Year is celebrated only in China and Vietnam.
D．More and more people are interested in cultural difference.
（5）What's the best title for the article？ 　　
A．Story about Chinese animal signs
B．Race between the Cat and the Rabbit
C．Year of the Cat or Year of the Rabbit
D．Differences between China and Vietnam

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