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牛津译林版 八年级下册 Unit 2 知识清单（三）
Grammar
【知识精讲】
family：作主语时，如果指“家庭”，则谓语动词用单数形式；指“家庭成员”，谓语动词用复数形式。
at the moment = now“现在”（现在进行时/一般现在时）。
→ at that moment“在那时”（一般过去时/过去进行时）。
see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”（强调事情正在进行）。
see sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”（强调看到某个动作发生的全过程或看到某个经常发生的动作）。
sand：不可数名词，“沙，沙滩”。
→ a grain of sand“一粒沙”。
→ on the sand：在沙地上。
be away“不在（表示离开的状态）”。
→ be away from + 地点“离开某地”。
be on“上演；开着”（表示延续状态）。
→ be over“结束”。
→ over again“再，重新”； over and over again“反复地；一再”。
be useful to sb.“对某人有益”。
learn about“了解；获悉；得知”。
→ learn from...“向……学习”。
→ learn sth. from sb.“向某人学习某物”。
→ learn sth. by oneself“自学”。
on show“展览，展出”。
→ show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.“给某人看某物”。
【词义辨析】
arrive/get/reach
arrive：不及物动词，后面接宾语时要加in或at。 in + 大地点；at + 小地点。
get：不及物动词，后面接宾语时要加to。 get to sp.
reach：及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词，一般不接地点副词。
【词形转换】
dead：adj.“死的”。 → die：v.“死”。 → death：n.“死亡”。 → dying：adj.“垂死的”。
useful：adj.“有用的，有益的”。 → useless：adj.“无用的”。
【短语归纳】
want to go there again 想要再去那儿
go with them 和他们一起去
come back 回来
at the moment 此时此刻
go to the bookshop 去书店
borrow some interesting books 借一些有趣的书
stay there 待在那里
for a week 长达一周
won’t be with us at the party 将不和我们一起参加聚会
attend a meeting 参加一个会议
see Andy playing on the sand 看见安迪正在沙滩上玩
by the way 顺便问一下
invite Andy to go for a picnic 邀请安迪去野餐
go to the countryside 去了乡下
be back tomorrow afternoon 明天下午回来
for many year 长达很多年
since he was born 自从他出生以来
be away from Beijing 离开北京
since 2007 自从2007年以来
【重点句型】
Millie and Amy have been to South Hill.
米莉和埃米去过南山。
They want to go there again.
她们想再去那里。
Sandy has never been to South Hill.
桑迪从来没有去过南山。
She wants to go with them.
她想和他们一起去。
Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong.
基蒂和她的家人去了香港。
They will come back next week.
他们将于下周回来。
Suzy is not at home at the moment.
苏西现在不在家。
She has gone to the bookshop.
她去了书店。
The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about their classmates and families.
八年级一班的学生正在谈论他们的同学和家人。
Peter and Simon have just been to the library.
彼得和西蒙刚刚去过图书馆。
They borrowed some interesting books.
他们借了一些有趣的书。
My cousin has been to Xi’an twice.
我堂兄去过西安两次。
My parents have gone to Xi’an and they’ll stay there for a week.
我父母去了西安，他们将在那里待一周。
Daniel won’t be with us at the party.
丹尼尔将不和我们一起参加聚会。
He has gone to Shanghai.
他去了上海。
Daniel and Millie are chatting at a weekend.
一个周末，丹尼尔和米莉在聊天。
I haven’t seen Mr Wu for days.
我几天没有见到吴老师了。
Where has he gone
他去了哪里？
He has gone to Tianjin to attend a meeting.
他去了天津参加一个会议。
Have you been anywhere recently
最近你去过什么地方吗？
Yes, I have been to Hainan with my parents.
是的，我和我父母去过海南。
Have you been to Sanya
你们去过三亚吗？
We have been to the beach there.
我们去过那里的海滩。
Look at these photos.
看这些照片。
I see Andy playing on the sand too.
我看见安迪也在沙滩上玩。
We went there with his family.
我们和他们一家去的那里。
By the way, shall we invite Andy for a picnic
顺便问一下，我们明天邀请安迪去野餐吧？
Andy isn’t here this weekend.
这周末安迪不在这儿。
He and his parents have gone to the countryside.
他和他父母去了乡下。
They’ll be back tomorrow afternoon.
他们明天下午回来。
Mr Dong has lived here for many years.
董先生住在这里很多年了。
Mr Dong has lived here since he was born.
董先生自出生以来就住在这里。
He has not left Beijing yet.
他还没有离开北京。
He has been away from Beijing for a week.
他离开北京一周了。
He has not bought any new car since 2007.
自2007年以来他没有买新的小汽车。
He has had a car since 2007.
自2007年以来他就买了小汽车。
The film has been on for 20 minutes.
电影已经上演了20分钟了。
The parade has been over for hours.
游行结束几个小时了。
Kitty has been in Hong Kong for two days.
基蒂来香港两天了。
She has been away from home since last Tuesday.
她自从上周二就离开了家。
She has kept this book since last week.
她自从上周就借了这本书。
Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
西蒙自从去年就加入了足球俱乐部。
They have been married for 15 years.
他们结婚15年了。
The fish have been dead for some time.
这些鱼死了一段时间了。
Kitty is telling Millie about her holiday in Hong Kong on the phone.
基蒂正在打电话告诉米莉关于她在香港的假期情况。
My parents and I arrived in Hong Kong on the first day of the winter holiday.
我和我的父母在寒假的第一天到达了香港。
We have been here for three days.
我们来这儿三天了。
I borrowed a book about Hong Kong a week ago.
一周前，我借了一本关于香港的书。
I have kept it with me for a few days.
我保留它几天了。
It helps me learn more about Hong Kong.
它帮我更多地了解香港。
Now it’s noon and we’re in Ocean Park.
现在是中午，我们在海洋公园。
The first dolphin show began at 11:30 a.m.
第一场海豚表演是在上午11:30开始的。
It has been on for about half an hour.
它已经开始大约半个小时了。
【单元语法】
现在完成时（二）
一、have/has been to，have/has been in，have/has gone to
have/has been to“去过某地（去过已回来）”，不可与“for + 一段时间”连用。
have/has gone to“去了某地，还没有回来”，不可与“for + 一段时间”连用。
have/has been in/at“一直待在某地”，常与时间段连用。in表示大地方，at表示小地方。
since和for的用法
since的用法：
since + 过去的一个时间段（如具体的年、月、日、钟点）。
since + 一段时间 + ago。
since + 从句（一般过去时）。
It is + 一段时间 + since从句（一般过去时）。
for的用法：for + 一段时间。
◇ 对以上句子划线部分提问: How long ...
◇ since 和 for 的相互转换：for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
延续性动词和短暂性动词
当表示一个动作或状态从过去一直延续到现在时，句中的动词必须用延续性动词。也就是说句子里有since或for引导的短语；或者就是在问这个动作延续了多长时间，由how long引导的特殊疑问句，这两种情况下，短暂性动词都不能用。
常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词：
非延续性动词 延续性动词/表示状态的词
die be dead
borrow keep
buy/catch have
get up be up
come/arrive/go be in/at
finish/stop be over
leave be away (from)
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
marry be married
join be in/be a member of
【针对训练】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
The children on the __________（沙滩）were shouting with excitement. sand
Our holidays will soon be __________（结束）. over
If you love each other, why not get __________（结婚） married
He found a __________（死的）bird in the garden. dead
单项选择。
I saw her __________ flowers in the garden when I passed by.
A.to water B.water C.watering D.watered
William Shakespeare __________ for about 400 years, but his works still have great influence today.
A.died B.was dying C.has been dead D.has died
Jack has learned more about teamwork __________ he joined the soccer team.
A.until B.since C.while D.though
—The Greens have __________ Hong Kong.
—Oh, really I have never __________ there before.
A.been to; gone B.gone to; been C.been to; gone to D.gone to; been to
—Tom, you have __________ this book for two weeks.
—Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made __________ Suzhou on business last week.
A.borrowed; to leave B.kept; leave C.kept; to leave D.borrowed; leave
My grandparents __________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A.have been married B.got married C.were married D.have got married
翻译句子。
吉姆常常看到妹妹帮助他人。
Jim often ________ his sister ________ others. sees; help
他的狗已经死了两周了。
His dog ________ ________ ________ ________ two weeks. has been dead for
会议开始了仅仅五分钟。
The meeting ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. has been on for five minutes
我父亲已经去过北京两次了。
My father ________ ________ ________ Beijing twice. has gone to
这本书你可以借阅一周。
You can ________ this book ________ a week. keep; for

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