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(共49张PPT)
Unit 2
Understanding each other
Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills
Vocabulary
1. preference
have a preference for... 对…… 偏爱
prefer A to B喜欢A多于B（to为介词）
prefer doing sth./prefer to do sth. 较喜欢做某事
preferable adj.更可取的，更合适的
练习：The combination of technology and tourism will be a future trend, in view of the _____________ (prefer) of the younger consumers born in the 1990s and later.
preference
2. intention
with the intention of doing sth.怀着做某事的目的/意图
intend doing sth./to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
be intended for… 是为……而提供的/设计的
intended adj.意欲达到的
练习：When it comes to protecting our environment, every small action counts. The tiniest thing is better than the greatest ____________ (intend).
intention
3. correspond
correspond to… 相当于……，类似于……
correspond with/to... 与……相符，与……相一致
correspondence n.来往信件；通信
be in correspondence 处于通信状态
练习：What's more, people who are disabled and have to stay in their home can correspond _______ others around the world that have similar interests.
to
4. behave
behave oneself守规矩,表现得体
behave well/badly表现得好/不好
good/bad behaviour 良好/恶劣的行为
练习：As thinking changes, an individual's __________ (behave) and habits change as well.
behaviour
5. tolerate
tolerate (sb./sth.) doing sth.容许（某人/某物）做某事
tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的（反义词：intolerant）
be tolerant of/towards… 对……宽容
tolerable adj.可容忍的，可忍受的（反义词：intolerable）
tolerance n.宽容，宽恕（反义词：intolerance)；忍耐力
练习：I can't tolerate ___________ (work) with Jane, because she is always complaining.
working
Lead-in
“America and England are two countries divided by a common language.”
——George Bernard Shaw
There are some differences exist. Do you know them
Communication styles In the UK:
In the USA:
indirect
British people are especially polite when communicating.
direct
Americans tend to get straight to the point when communicating.
Grammar
定语从句
Exploring the rules
Go through the personal account and fill in the following table.
Restrictive relative clause
... two countries that are separated by a common language
There were times when questions like “Would you ...”
I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge ...
... a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, which usually ...
Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference ...
As my experiences clearly show, learning a language is ...
Working out the rules
necessary
additional
that
定语（attribute）：在句子中修饰名词、代词的成分
定语从句（attributive clause）: 在句子中做定语的从句
定语从句的一般结构：先行词（人/物）+关系代词/关系副词+从句
Attributive Clauses
I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.
主句
定语从句
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
先行词
引导词
关系代词：that which who whom whose
关系副词：when where why
Attributive Clauses
一、关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中的作用
that 人/物 主/宾
which 物 主/宾
who 人 主/宾
whom 人 宾
whose (of which/whom) 人/物 定
Attributive Clauses
限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who(人), whom(人), which(物), that(人/物), whose(人/物), 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.
The pen which I’m using is pretty good.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
which：指物，作主语或宾语
who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，做宾语
Attributive Clauses
Who’s the boy that is reading a book
Can you show me the photo that you like best
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
The house whose windows are closed is mine.
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语
whose：指人或物，做定语
TIPS
1. 确定定语从句
2.看先行词是指人还是指物
3. 确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分
4. 确定关系代词
Attributive Clauses
1. Those _______ want to go to the museum must be at the
school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
2. Yesterday I helped an old man ______ had lost his way.
3. Mr. Liu is the person ______ you talked about on the bus.
4. Li Ming is just the boy ______ I want to see.
5. The factory ___________ makes computers is far away from here.
who
who
whom
whom
which/ that
关系副词 指代 在从句中的作用
where 地点
状语
when 时间 why 原因 二、关系代词的用法
Attributive Clauses
限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法
关系副词（when, where, why）引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词(which)结构。
Could you still remember the time when the train left
This is the factory where my father works
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
指时间，作状语
指地点，作状语
指原因，作状语
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
Attributive Clauses
关系词在定语从句中做_________________时，用关系代词(which, who, whom, that, whose)引导定语从句。
关系词在定语从句中做_________时，用关系副词(when, where, why)引导定语从句。
主语、宾语、或定语
状语
Attributive Clauses
当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。
He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
Attributive Clauses
that 和 which 的区别：
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
Attributive Clauses
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5) 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
(6)先行词是who或who引导的主句。
Who is the girl that drove the car
Who that broke the window will be punished.
(7)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.
Which is the book that you bought last week
(8)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时，关系代词用that.
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.
(9)主句以There be 引导时
There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
Attributive Clauses
下列情况不能使用that,而用which
① that 不能引导非限制性定语从句
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
② that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）
The person ________I am speaking just now is our English teacher.
The prize ________he worked so hard was a new bicycle.
to whom
for which
Attributive Clauses
四、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.种类
指物 : 介词+which；指人：介词+whom;
2.介词的选择原则：
a.谓语动词的搭配习惯确定：
on which I spent 5 yuan.
for which I paid 5 yuan.
from which I learnt a lot.
about which Tom often talks .
This is the book
Attributive Clauses
四、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
2.介词的选择原则：
b. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定：
the day on which I settled in china.
the month in which I stayed there.
I remember
c. 介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定：
My computer, without which I can't surf the internet, crashed yesterday.
Attributive Clauses
四、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
2.介词的选择原则：
b. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定：
the day on which I settled in china.
the month in which I stayed there.
I remember
c. 介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定：
My computer, without which I can't surf the internet, crashed yesterday.
Attributive Clauses
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句由which, who, whom, whose等关系代词引导。
a. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
b. I want to buy a dictionary, which is valuable to my learning.
c. My brother, whom/who you met the other day, has gone abroad.
d. Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job.
Attributive Clauses
非限制性定语从句由which, who, whom, whose等关系代词引导。
非限制性定语从句
a. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
b. Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher.
Applying the rules
B 1
1. In the UK, __________ punctuality is very important, you should try not to arrive late.
2. In Thailand, the foot, __________ is considered an unclean part of the body, should not be pointed towards another person.
3. In Europe, there are many different types of greetings, ________ cheek kissing is just one example, and it is important to know which one to use.
where
which
of which
Applying the rules
B 1
4. When we travel, we should pay attention to situations ________/ ___________ there might be unwritten rules, such as gift giving.
5. My sister, ________ works in Japan, finds it odd that she has to do exercise at the start of her working day.
where
in which
who
Applying the rules
B 2
a few of which are universal
b that was not tolerated before
c who see someone breaking a taboo
d which may seem unimportant to us
e who breaks taboos
f which means “to separate”
g that make up part of a country’s cultural identity
Fill the blanks
Applying the rules
B 2
A taboo is social behaviour that is not allowed. There are many different taboos around the world, (1) ______. They often vary from society to society. Taboos are usually related to certain items or people. Those (2) ______ are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others, and the situation will also be awkward for the people around them.
a
e
Applying the rules
B 2
When you meet people from different cultures. It is important to understand what you cannot do. If you are not aware of the differences, (3) ______, some strange things might happen. For example, in China, giving an umbrella as a gift to your friend or a married couple, except when it is actually raining, should be avoided. This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word (4) ______
d
f
Applying the rules
B 2
Before you travel to a new country, it is a good idea to find out about the local taboos. If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you will spare yourself embarrassment. Mind that taboos change with the times. Some behavior (5) ______ might be accepted now.
b
B 3
What other taboos do you know about Give examples using relative clauses. Use the examples below to help you.
In Japan, bathroom slippers, which are considered dirty, should always remain in the bathroom only and not be worn in any other room of the house.
In Vietnam, people who touch someone’s head or shoulders or pass items over someone’s head are probably not familiar with Vietnamese customs.
In Brazil, where purple is usually worn to a funeral or to mourn the loss of a loved one, most people avoid wearing purple because it is believed to be disrespectful and unlucky.
Applying the rules
Integrated skill
Do you know what day April 20th is
Listen to the talks and complete the table below.
Having been interested in Chinese culture
Writing
Reading
Visiting China next year
On the Internet
True or False
1. Thomas studies Chinese literature, history, politics and economics,
as well as the Chinese language. T/F
2. Thomas lived in Shanghai for six months in his fourth year at
university. T/F
3. Speaking Chinese was harder than Jenny had expected. T/F
4. Jenny plans to continue learning Chinese. T/F
5. Pedro is not very confident about his Chinese. T/F
third
easier
In pairs, discuss the popularity of learning Chinese. Use the following questions to help you.
＊What examples of foreigners learning Chinese do you know about
＊Why are more and more people starting to learn Chinese across the world
＊Do you think learning Chinese will continue to be popular in the future Why or why not
Tip
Using fillers
Fillers are words or sounds that you use to give you some time to think about what you are going to say and to let your partner know that you have not finished talking. Fillers that are commonly used include: basically, right, so, well, yeah, you know, like, kind of, um, uh, er, etc.
如何写有关“汉语热”的议论文
近年来，随着中国的影响力遍及全球，越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语。在不久的将来，汉语将同英语一样成为重要的国际语言，中国悠久的历史文化也将随着外国人学汉语的热潮慢慢走向世界。本单元的写作任务是让学生就“汉语热”这一现象发表观点。常用的行文结构如下：
Para.1：描述"汉语热"这一现象
Para.2：简要分析这一现象背后的原因
Para.3：你的观点
Writing
Writing
常用表达：
1. I have heard that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese. 2. With the development of China, Chinese is more and more popular around the world.
3. They learn Chinese so that they can communicate with Chinese people better and know more about Chinese culture.
4. China's economic and social development is a major reason why many overseas people are so interested in the Chinese language and culture.
Writing
Planning your writing
近年来，很多外国人热衷了解中国文化，如学汉语、过中国节日等。世界各地也纷纷办起了孔子学院（Confucius Institute）。请根据以下提示写一篇英语文章。
1.简要描述上述现象；
2.分析上述现象的原因；
3.你的观点。
注意：1.词数80左右：
2.开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Recent years have seen an increasing number of foreigners learning Chinese, observing Chinese festivals and many Confucius Institutes founded around the world. __________________________________________________________________________________
Writing
Checking your writing
Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner. Pay attention to the following aspects:
Thank you

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