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人教版八年级下册英语课本知识点梳理
Unit 3. Could you please clean your room Section B
课文内容：
buy some drinks and snacks 买一些饮料和小吃(教材第 21 页，la)
(1)buy (bought,bought)[动词]购买;买 反义词: sell(卖)。
buy sb. sth.= buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物
buy sth. fom... 从……买某物
Yesterday my father bought me an English dictionary.=Yesterday my father bought an English dictionary for me.昨天爸爸给我买了本英语词典。
I bought a second-hand car from Tom
我从汤姆那里买了一辆二手小汽车
(2)snack 〔可数名词〕点心;小吃;快餐
The hotel serves us some drinks and snacks.旅馆为我们提供一些饮料和点心。
invite my friends to a party邀请我的朋友们来参加聚会(教材第 21页1a)
invite 〔及物动词〕邀请 名词: invitation 意为“邀请;请柬”。
其常见的用法有:
invite sb.to+地点名词 邀请某人到某地
I invited Jenny to my house.我邀请珍妮到我家。
② invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事
Jim invited David to come over to his house for dinner. 吉姆邀请戴维去他家吃晚饭,
中考链接(浙江宁波)根据句子及所给汉语注释,写出空缺处单词的正确形式。
Our school_______(邀请)several heroes to the graduation ceremony last year..
解析:invite 意为“邀请”;由 last year(去年可知应用一般过去时，故填 invite的过去式invited。答案:invited
I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么一些家长让他们的孩子在家里帮着做家务。(教材第 22 页,2b)
(1)make sb.do sth. 让/使某人做某事 do sth.为不带to 的动词不定式(短语),作宾语补足语。
类似用法还有:let/have sb.do sth.
He made me wait there for two hours.
他让我在那里等了两个小时。
----中考链接(哈尔滨中考） Kids like reading stories which can make them_________.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing.
解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”解答本题。make sb. do sih,是固定短语,意为"使某人做某事”。句意:孩子们喜欢读能让他们笑的故事. 答案:A。
(2)help sb. with sth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事
Let's help with the preparation for the party.
=Let's help (to) prepare for the party.
咱们帮忙为聚会做准备吧。
Could you please help me with English
=Could you please help me(to) learn English
你能帮我学英语吗
Kids these days already have enough stress from school.现在的孩子们已经有来自学校的足够的压力了。(教材第 22 页,2b)
stress 〔名词]
①精神压力;心理负担 under stress 承受压力
Too much stress is bad for your health.太大的压力对你的健康有害。
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下做事情容易出差错。
②重音;重读
We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.我们学习了语音、重读和语调。
Housework is a waste of their time.家务是浪费他们的时间。(教材第 22 页,2b)
waste
①〔名词〕浪费 a waste of. 浪费……
Watching TV too much is a waste of time.
看太多电视是浪费时间。
It's important to save food and say no to waste.
节约食物、拒绝浪费是很重要的。
②〔名词]废物;垃圾
The waste in the sea caused the whale's death.
海洋里的垃圾导致了这头鲸的死亡。
③〔形容词〕无用的;废弃的;丢弃的
Don't throw waste things around.不要乱扔废弃物。
④〔及物动词〕浪费;滥用
waste time/ money on sb./sth.在某人/某事物上浪费时间/金钱
waste time/ money doing sth.浪费时间/金钱做某事
Don't waste water. 不要浪费水。
His wife wasted much money on clothes.
他妻子在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Jack wastes a lot of time watching TV every day.
杰克每天浪费很多时间看电视。
考点问导: 常在“英汉互译”题中考查短语a waste of的意思。
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩,并进入一所好大学，他们应当把时间花在学业上。(教材第 22 页，2b)
(1)辨析:spend,pay,cost与take之意,其区别为:
spend(spent,spent) Sb.spend time/money on /doing sth 某人在某事或者某物上花费时间/金钱/做某事
pay( paid, paid ) Sb.pay money for sth. 某人付钱买某物
take(took,taken ) it takes sb sometimes to do sth.. 做某事花费某人一些时间
cost( cost, cost ) Sth.cost (sb.) some money. 某物花费(某人)一些钱
She spent 50 dullars on the skirt.
她花了 50 美元买那条裙子。
= She paid 50 dollars for the skirt.
她花了 50 美元买那条裙子。
=The skirt cost her 50 dollars
那条裙子花了她 50 美元。
Mandy spends two hours caring for disabled people every day.曼迪每天花两小时照顾残疾人。
It takes Mandy two hours to care for disabled people every day. 照顾残疾人每天要花费曼迪两个小时的时间。
--中考链接(江苏连云港)Jim , you'd better not ______ on your mobile phone.
too much time
A. cost
B. spend
C. take
D. pay
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答本题。此处主语 you表示人,应用 spend 或 pay 表示“花费”;由 too much time(太多时间)可知，此处表示“花费时间”,应用 spend,故选B.答案:B
(2)in order to 目的是;为了 表示目的,相当于 so as to。
后面接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中;而 so as to 只能放在句中。
in order to do... 的否定结构为 in order not to do.
In order to look after his parents , he retumed to work in his hometown.为了照顾父母,他回到了家乡工作。
She started at five o'clock in order not to be late.为了不迟到,她五点钟就出发了。
[拓展] in order that 为了,目的是 也表示目的,后接从句。
若 in order that 后从句的主语与主句主语一致,可与 in order to 进行同义句改写。
He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time.= He gets up early in order to get to work on time.他早起的目的是按时上班。
Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大一些的时候，他们将不得不做家务，因此他们没有必要现在做家务。(教材第 22 页,2b)
There is no need for sb.to do sth, 对某人来说没有必要做某事。
其中 need 用作名词,意为“需要;必要”。
There is no need for you to give up your hobby.
对你来说,没有必要放弃你的爱好。
It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的职责。(教材第 22页2b)
(1)It is/was+名词 + to do sth. 做某事是…
句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是 to do sth.
It's our duty to keep our classroom clean.保持教室干净是我们的责任。
(2)provide 〔及物动词〕提供;供应
Provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物,提供给某人某物
The sun provides light and heat for us
The sun provides us with light and heat太阳给我们提供光和热。
--(呼和浩特)Livestreaming(直播)_________a new chance for traditional culture artists.
A. practices
B. provides
C. promises
D. protects
解析:我们可用“关键信息法”解答木题practice“练习”;provide“提供”; promise”承诺”;protect“保护”。由空格后的关键信chance(机会)可知此处表示“提供机会”故选 provides。句意为“直播为传统文化艺家提供了一个新的机会”答案:B
And anyway, l think doing chores is not so diffcult 反正我觉得干点儿家务也不太难。(教材第 22 2b)
〔副词)anyway
①而且;加之 anyway 在此句中的作用是追加评论。
The coat is too expensive and anyway l don'tlike the color.
这件外套太贵了，而且我不喜欢那个颜色。
②尽管;即使这样
The water was cold, but I took a shower anyway.
水很冷,不过我还是冲了个淋浴。
--中考链接(南京)What a terrible experience!________ lucky us ,we are safe now.
A. Anyway
B. Otherwise
C. For example
D. As a result
解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答本题。anyway"无论如何”;otherwise“否则;另外”;for example“例如”;as a result“结果”。由前句句意“多可怕的经历啊!”及空格后句意“真幸运,现在我们安全了”可知此处表示"无论如何”,故选 Anyway。答案;A
Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子们过于依赖父母。(教材第22 页,2b)
depend on
①依靠;依赖
主语通常是表示人的词，其中 depend 用作动词,意为“依靠;依赖”。
You can't depend on your parents forever.
你不能永远依赖你的父母。
②信赖,相信
You can depend on Tom because he's honest.
你可以信赖汤姆,因为他诚实。
③取决于;视…而定
Everything depends on whether you can pass the exam,一切取决于你能否通过考试。
Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.做家务有助于培养孩子们的独立性并教会他们怎样去照顾自己。(教材第22页,2b)
(1 )develop [及物动词或不及物动词〕发展;壮大 其名词形式为 development(发展;发育;成长)。
Sports can develop your mind and body.
体育运动有益于你的身心发展。
Her business developed quickly.
她的事业迅速地发展起来了。
With the development of his business, he helped more people.
随着他事业的发展,他帮助了更多的人。
[拓展] develop 的形容词有两个: developed 意为“发达的”,developing 意为“发展中的”
America is a developed country.
美国是发达国家。
China is a developing country.
中国是发展中国家。
(2)independence 〔不可数名词]独立 其形容词： independent,意为“独立的;自主的”。
He wants to live a life of independence.
他想过独立的生活。
China is an independent country.
中国是一个独立的国家。
Since they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们与父母一起住在一所房子里，他们就应该知道每个人应当尽一份力来保持房子干净和整洁。(教材第 22 页，2b)
(1)since
①〔连词〕因为;既然
用来陈述原因或理由,引导原因状语从句。
Since these clothes aretoo small for you,why not give them away 既然这些衣服对你来说太小了，为什么不把它们捐出去呢
②〔连词〕自……以来 引导时间状语从句。
He has raised more than 10,000 yuan for homeless people since the summer vacation began.
自暑假开始以来，他已经为无家可归的人筹集了 10 000 多元。
③〔介词〕从………以后,自……以来 表示时间
I haven't seen her since last year.
自从去年以来我就没见过她。
(2)do one’s part in(doing)sth. 尽某人的职责做某事
Everyone should do their part in saving water.
每个人都应尽自己的职责来节约水。
he had no idea how to take care of himself.……他不知道怎样去照顾自己。(教材第 22 页，
2b)
(1)have no idea 不知道 相当于 don't know。
I have no idea what to do next.= I don't know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。
(2)take care of 照顾;处理 相当于look afer或 care for,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
Can you help me take care of(=look after/care for) my little sister 你能帮我照顾我妹妹吗
拓展 take good care of... = look after..well 好好照顾…...
As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。(教材第 22 页,2b)
(1)as a result 结果;因此 常位于句首,其后有逗号。
It rained hard all day. As a result, we had to put off the sports meeting.一整天雨下得都很大。因此，我们不得不推迟运动会。
拓展 as aresult of由于……;作为……的结果后常跟名词或代词等,相当于 because of。
He was late as a result of the heavy snow.
由于大雪,他迟到了。
(2)fall ill 生病
此处 fall 用作连系动词,其后接形容词作表语
Peter often fell ill when he was in primary school彼得上小学时经常生病。

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