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高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
传统节日 元宵节（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
In the Chinese language,“yuan/元”means the first and“xiao/宵”is night.So the full-moon night of the first lunar month（usually on the fifteenth day) is called the Yuanxiao Festival.
在汉语中，“元”是指“第一”，“宵”指“夜晚”。因此，正月的满月之夜（通常在第十五天）被称为元宵节。Yuanxiao is the special food for the Lantern
Festival. It is a kind of sweet dumplings, which are made of glutinous rice flour filled with sweet stuffing. It is very easy to cook-simply tip them into a pot of boiling water and wait for a few minutes.
元宵是元宵节的特色食品。它是一种带馅儿的甜食，是由糯米粉加上甜的馅料制成。元宵的烹制方法非常简单，将元宵倒入水已烧开的锅中煮几分钟就可以吃了。
In the daytime of the Lantern Festival, performances such as dragon lantern dances, lion dances, land boat performances and the yangge are staged. At night, except for magnificent lantern shows,fireworks form a beautiful scene. When the first full moon of the NewYear appears, people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.
元宵节在白天有舞龙灯、舞狮、划旱船和扭秧歌。而在晚上，除了大型灯会，烟火也构成了一幅美丽的画卷。当新年的第一轮圆月出现时，人们都会陶醉于壮观的烟火和夜空的明月之中。
Solving riddles has been a special activity on the Lantern Festival since ancient times.The riddles are written on paper sheets put up on the colorful lanterns for people to solve. And the quiz-play brings people much fun.
自古以来猜谜就是元宵节的一项特殊活动。彩灯上张贴着一条条写好的谜语供人们来猜。这种智力游戏带给人们很多乐趣。
The Lantern Festival marks the end of the New Year celebrations. And after the Lantern Festival, everything returns to normal.
元宵节标志着新年庆祝活动的结束。元宵节过后，一切者恢复正常。
Words and Expressions
① glutinous adj.黏的；胶质的
② glutinous rice 糯米
③ stuffing n.填料
④ intoxicated adj.陶醉的；极度兴奋的
⑤ imposing adj.壮观的；使人印象深刻的
⑥ 元宵节 the Lantern Festiva1; the Yuanxiao Festival
⑦ 舞狮 lion dances
⑧ 灯会 lantern shows/displays
⑨ 赏月 appreciate/enjoy/admire the full moon
⑩ 猜灯谜 solve lantern riddles
赏花灯 enjoy beautiful lanterns
元宵庙会the Lantern Festival's temple fair
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Paper lanterns, 1 (emerge) from Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), were mainly used as lamps in ancient China. 2 (variety) of techniques (mostly Chinese paintings and paper-cutting) and many different materials, such as bamboo, wood and metal, were used in their making. Originally, monks (僧人) used lanterns 3 the twelfth day of the first lunar month in their worship (崇拜) of the Buddha. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhuang, ordered the citizens 4 (light) lanterns to worship the Buddha just as the monks did. Later, this custom 5 (gradual) became a grand festival among common people. During the Tang Dynasty(618-907), people made lanterns to celebrate their peaceful life 6 the splendid creations symbolized and celebrated the prosperous, strong and powerful country. From then on, lighting lanterns became popular in the country.
Once used for lighting before the 7 (introduce) of gas and then electricity, lanterns are now merely decorative or more significantly used during of the yearly Lantern Festival. More modern technology 8 (employ) on making lanterns, so people can see lanterns with music or with colorful bulbs inside. The shapes of the modern lanterns, often cartoon characters and Chinese zodiac animals, 9 (change) a lot too. Sometimes the makers can even involve the computer games, 10 give visitors a different new and fresh impression.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The full moon lights up the sky on the evening of the Lantern Festival. The festival, which falls 11 the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar, marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year 12 (celebrate)each year.
Solving “lantern riddles(灯谜)” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival, which include eating sweet dumplings, enjoying the full moon, and 13 (lose)in colorful lighted lanterns. These guessing games 14 (refer)to as lantern riddles because they involve riddles 15 (write)on lanterns. They often contain messages of great 16 (wise)and good fortune, and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while 17 (practice) language and problem-analyzing skills. People must guess the answer by thinking about the 18 (vary)meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle. 19 (basic), a tip may be provided, such as indicating 20 the answer is a person, a place, or a thing.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Spring festival comes to an end. Here 21 (come)the lantern festival. The lantern festival can be dated back to Han dynasty. It is 22 the 15th day of the first lunar month. Almost every 23 (tradition)festival in China comes with 24 (it)own food and the lantern festival is no exception. It is popular to have ”yuanxiao“ or ”tangyuan“. It is a kind of dessert 25 (make)from glutinous rice. In Chinese, tangyuan has a similar pronunciation with ”tuanyuan", 26 means reunion. Lantern is the most notable part of the festival. Chinese craftsmen have made countless lanterns in different 27 (kind)such as Kongming lanterns, water lanterns. People used to join in lantern fairs in which they can watch lanterns, guess riddles and give their faithful prayers to decedents. In ancient China, unmarried woman couldn’t go out at will. Only at the lantern festival were they allowed to go to the lantern exhibition. That’s why ancient Chinese people considered the Lantern Festival as 28 occasion to look for a match or meet up with the beloved. Everyone is addicted to 29 (enjoy)the happiness. Therefore, the lantern festival was 30 (actual)the real Chinese valentines day.
第三部分 话题写作
假如你是某中学学生Lily，上周日你参加了学校举行的元宵节 (the Lantern Festival) 庆祝活动，请给你的英国朋友Peter写一封信，分享你这次的活动经历。内容包括：
1.活动内容：吃汤圆，赏灯，猜灯谜，舞龙舞狮(the dragon and lion dance)等；
2.感受与收获。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
Long time no see! In your last letter, you showed great interest in Chinese traditional festivals. Now I am writing to ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Lily
【参考答案】
话题语法填空
一、
1．emerging 2．Varieties 3．on 4．to light 5．gradually 6．while/and 7．introduction 8．is employed 9．have changed 10．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统手工艺品灯笼的起源及其发展历程。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：纸灯笼出现于东汉(25-220)，在中国古代主要用作灯。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以emerge用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Paper lanterns是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填emerging。
2．考查名词。句意：各种各样的技术(主要是中国画和剪纸)和许多不同的材料，如竹子，木材和金属，被用于制作它们。此处是固定搭配：varieties of意为“各种各样的”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Varieties。
3．考查介词。句意：最初，僧侣们在农历的第一个月的第12天放灯笼来拜佛。表示“在具体某一天”，应用介词on。故填on。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：东汉时期，刘庄皇帝命令市民像和尚一样点灯笼拜佛。此处是固定搭配：order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to light。
5．考查副词。句意：后来，这一习俗逐渐成为民间的盛大节日。空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词gradually“逐渐地”，作状语。故填gradually。
6．考查连词。句意：在唐朝(618-907)，人们制作灯笼来庆祝他们的和平生活，而这些辉煌的作品象征着一个繁荣、强大和强大的国家。根据前文“During the Tang Dynasty(618-907), people made lanterns to celebrate their peaceful life”以及后文“the splendid creations symbolized and celebrated the prosperous, strong and powerful country.”可知，两句间既可以是并列关系，也可以理解为转折意为“而”，所以可用while或者and连接。故填while或and。
7．考查名词。句意：在引入煤气和电之前，灯笼曾经用于照明，现在只是装饰，或者在每年的元宵节期间更重要地使用。此处是固定搭配：the introduction of意为“……的引进”。故填introduction。
8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：制作灯笼采用了更多的现代技术，所以人们可以看到有音乐的灯笼或里面有五颜六色的灯泡。分析句子结构可知，employ作本句谓语，和主语modern technology之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数。故填is employed。
9．考查动词时态。句意：现代灯笼的形状，通常是卡通人物和中国生肖动物，也发生了很大的变化。分析句子结构可知，change作本句谓语，描述的是之前发生的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have changed。
10．考查定语从句。句意：有时制作者甚至可以加入电脑游戏，给游客一种不同的新鲜印象。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
二、
11．on 12．celebrations 13．being lost 14．are referred 15．written 16．wisdom 17．practicing 18．various 19．Basically 20．whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了元宵节的传统活动——猜灯谜。
11．考查介词。句意：元宵节的晚上满月照亮了天空，这个在中国农历正月十五的节日标志着每年超过两周的中国新年庆典的结束。空后是具体的时间“the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar”，所以空处填时间介词on。故填on。
12．考查名词。句意：元宵节的晚上满月照亮了天空，这个在中国农历正月十五的节日标志着每年超过两周的中国新年庆典的结束。根据空前提示“Chinese New Year”，空处填名词celebration，构成名词短语Chinese New Year celebration表示“中国新年庆典”，该庆典方式超过两周，方式多种多样，所以用名词复数，即celebrations。故填celebrations。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：猜灯谜是元宵节众多受欢迎的传统活动之一，包括吃汤圆、赏月、沉浸在彩灯中。分析句子结构，“eating sweet dumplings”、“ enjoying the full moon”和该空形成并列，所以空处填动名词，作include的宾语。be lost in表示“沉浸在……中”，所以此处要填动名词的被动形式，即being lost。故填being lost。
14．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：这些猜谜游戏被称为灯谜，因为它们包括写在灯笼上的谜语。分析句子结构，该空是句子的谓语动词。由句意可知，此处是客观事实，时态是一般现在时，be referred to as为固定短语，意为“被称作”，所以用一般现在时的被动，即are referred。故填are referred。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些猜谜游戏被称为灯谜，因为它们包括写在灯笼上的谜语。分析句子成分，because从句中谓语动词是involve，所以空处填非谓语动词。write和逻辑主语riddles之间是被动关系，用过去分词written作后置定语。故填written。
16．考查名词。句意：它们通常包含着大智慧和好运的信息，并给儿童和所有年龄段的人提供了在练习语言和问题分析技能的同时获得乐趣的机会。空前是形容词great，所以空处填名词wisdom，表示“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通常包含着大智慧和好运的信息，并给儿童和所有年龄段的人提供了在练习语言和问题分析技能的同时获得乐趣的机会。分析句子结构，此处状语从句省略，人是主动练习语言，所以填现在分词practicing。故填practicing。
18．考查形容词。句意：人们必须通过思考组成谜语的单词和短语的不同含义来猜出答案。空后是名词meanings，所以该空填形容词，即various表示“不同的，多种多样的”，作定语。故填various。
19．考查副词。句意：基本上，可能会提供提示，例如指出答案是人、地点还是事物。分析句子成分，此处考查副词，作状语修饰整个句子，所以填basically，表示“基本上”。空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Basically。
20．考查连接词。句意：基本上，可能会提供提示，例如指出答案是人、地点还是事物。whether…or…是固定结构，意为“是……或是……”，可连接两个或多个单词或短语。故填whether。
三、
21．comes 22．on 23．traditional 24．its 25．made 26．which 27．kinds 28．the 29．enjoying 30．actually
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的传统节日——元宵节。
21．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：元宵节到了。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态以及前一句的谓语动词comes to an end可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语the lantern festival为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填comes。
22．考查介词。句意：它是在第一个农历月的第十五天。由空后the 15th day为具体某一天可知，此处为介词on后接具体某一天。故填on。
23．考查形容词。句意：在中国，几乎每个传统节日都有自己的美食，元宵节也不例外。由空后festival为名词可知，此处为形容词形式作定语修饰该名词。故填traditional。
24．考查代词。句意：在中国，几乎每个传统节日都有自己的美食，元宵节也不例外。由空后own food为名词可知，此处应为形容词性物主代词修饰该名词。故填its。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一种由糯米制成的甜点。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰dessert，dessert和make为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填made。
26．考查定语从句。句意：在汉语中，汤圆与“团圆”的发音相似，意思是团聚。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
27．考查名词复数形式。句意：中国工匠制作了无数不同种类的灯笼，如孔明灯、水灯等。由空前different可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填kinds。
28．考查冠词。句意：这就是为什么古代中国人认为元宵节是一个寻找伴侣或与心爱的人见面的日子。根据句意可知，此处为表示特指“一个寻找伴侣或与心爱的人见面的日子”为特指概念，所以此处occasion前面为定冠词the。故填the。
29．考查动名词。句意：每个人都沉迷于享受幸福。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be addicted to doing“沉迷于做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填enjoying。
30．考查副词。句意：因此，元宵节实际上是真正的中国情人节。由副词修饰整个句子。故填actually。
话题写作
One possible version:
Long time no see! In your last letter, you showed great interest in Chinese traditional festivals. Now I am writing to share with you the celebration of Lantern Festival held in our school last Sunday.
On Sunday evening. After we finished the tangyuan prepared for us in the school restaurant, I walked around the school campus with other students to enjoy the various lanterns made by the students themselves. Besides, many students gathered under the lanterns to do word puzzles. What impressed me most was the dragon and lion dance performance on the playground, which made me unwilling to leave for a long time.
This activity not only enriched our after-school life, but also gave us a good chance to understand traditional Chinese festivals.
Hope you will come to China next year and we celebrate the Lantern Festival together.
Yours,
Lily
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter写一封信，分享学校在周日举行的元宵节庆祝活动经历。
【详解】1.词汇积累
准备好的：prepared →ready
各种各样的：various →varieties of
此外：besides → what’s more
机会：chance → opportunity
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now I am writing to share with you the celebration of Lantern Festival held in our school last Sunday.
拓展句：Now I am writing to share with you the celebration of Lantern Festival which was held in our school last Sunday.
【点睛】【高分句型1】After we finished the tangyuan prepared for us in the school restaurant, I walked around the school campus with other students to enjoy the various lanterns made by the students themselves.（运用了after引导的时间状语从句和过去分词短语作定语）
【高分句型2】What impressed me most was the dragon and lion dance performance on the playground, which made me unwilling to leave for a long time.（运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）

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