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2024届高三英语高考模拟风向卷02
（全国乙卷）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is the boy at the moment
A．In his bedroom. B．In the bathroom. C．On a football field.
2．What does the woman think pretty
A．The city. B．The snow. C．The car.
3．What is the woman doing
A．Working. B．Apologizing. C．Expressing her thanks.
4．Where dose the conversation probably take place
A．In a hospital. B．In a school. C．At a drugstore.
5．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Husband and wife. B．Co-workers. C．Salesman and customer.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man invite Grace to do tonight
A．Attend a party. B．Go to the library. C．Go over the lessons.
7．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A coming exam. B．Some new emojis. C．A popular game.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．How often does the woman walk to work
A．Two days a week. B．Three days a week. C．Four days a week.
9．What does the woman dislike about shared bikes
A．The speed. B．The expense. C．The parking situation.
10．Where will the man go next
A．His office. B．His home. C．The subway station.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is the man doing
A．Watching TV. B．Reading the newspaper. C．Surfing the Internet.
12．How many people were killed by the storm in Madagascar
A．19. B．48. C．130.
13．What is the problem in Malawi
A．Food can’t be sent to the affected areas.
B．Storm Batsirai is hitting the country.
C．No effort was made to help it.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where are the two speakers
A．In the office. B．In a car. C．At school.
15．Why is the man sleepy
A．He didn’t sleep well last night.
B．He didn’t sleep at all last night.
C．He slept late last night.
16．What’s wrong with the man’s father
A．He has some trouble with his heart.
B．He has a bad cough.
C．He has a chest pain.
17．What does the woman advise the man to do
A．Take more medicine. B．Do some exercise. C．Ask for a leave.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．A．What causes fearfulness externally.
B．Why mice are particularly fearful animals.
C．Whether fearfulness is inherited or not.
D．How animals react to frightening situations.
19．A．They wandered around the box.
B．They bred again and again.
C．They couldn’t find a hiding place.
D．They remained close to one wall.
20．A．Some changes in the nervous system.
B．The interference from human beings.
C．The size of nerve cells in the brain.
D．The existence of certain nerve cells.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Post Office Locations & Hours
United States Postal Service (USPS) offers mailing and shipping services. Search for a USPS location near you to see the available services and holiday closing hours. You can also find smaller postal units, retailers that sell stamps, blue collection mailboxes, and 24-hour USPS kiosks (小亭).
USPS Holiday Service Schedule
All post office locations will be closed on Christmas Day (Dec.25) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1). Regular post office hours and mail delivery will resume (恢复) after each holiday. Business Customers: Check your Bulk Mail (大宗邮件) Entry Unit for hours of operation.
December 24 (Christmas Eve); December 25 (Christmas Day); December 31 (New Year’s Eve); January 1 (New Year’s Day). ●Local post office locations will be closed. ●Blue Collection Boxes: Mail will not be picked up. ●Regular mail will not be delivered. ●Priority Mail Express mail will be delivered.
Note:●Deliveries on Christmas Eve (Dec.24) and Christmas Day (Dec.25) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.
●Not a guarantee, unless otherwise noted. For Priority Mail Express shipments mailed from December 22 to December 25, the money-back guarantee applies only if the shipment was not delivered, or delivery was not attempted, within two business days.
●Deliveries on New Year’s Eve (Dec.31) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.
21．On which day can you mail things as usual at a local post office
A．Dec.24. B．Dec.25. C．Dec.30. D．Dec.31.
22．What should you do to get your mail delivered on New Year’s Day
A．Pay extra fees. B．Reserve in advance.
C．Call the local post office. D．Wait outside the post office.
23．Where is the text most likely taken from
A．A test report. B．A travel brochure.
C．An official website. D．An entertainment magazine.
B
Most students spend their school days sitting at desks learning. Aurelio us Woolfolk, however, does a lot more than sit at a desk when he is in school. He climbs up high ladders, walks down the sides of buildings, and rides in a fire engine. He is learning to be a firefighter at the New Haven Fire Academy.
Woolfolk and 28 other students are currently learning what it takes to become a firefighter. For two days each week, the students sit in a classroom to learn the science of fires, how to calculate water pressure, and how to treat medical emergencies. During the other three days, the students go outside and learn how to hook hoses (塑料管，软管) to fire hydrants (消防栓), climb buildings, rescue people trapped in burning buildings, and many other things.
“Firefighters have to know lots of different things,” said Pablo Menendez, an instructor at the school. “We have to treat medical emergencies, know how to handle dangerous chemicals, and rescue people who have fallen from mountains.”
Teamwork is one of the most important lessons students learn at the school. “Working together saves lives,” said Capt. William Seward, the director of the academy. “Students need to learn that they are part of a team.”
Fighting fires is not easy. The suits and equipment a firefighter wears weigh about 40 pounds. Firefighters are very busy. In New Haven, they respond to 32, 000 emergency calls a year. Each time firefighters go out, they know they might not comeback. “That’s why the lessons learned here at the academy are so important,” said Seward. “What they learn here can save their lives.”
Firefighters know how dangerous their jobs are. Their training helps them overcome their fear of heights and fires. “When you’re up there on the ladder looking down, it’s scary,” said one student. “To do this job, you’ve got to wipeout the fear.”
Firefighters overcome their fear for one reason. “I wanted to help other people,” said Leah Harwin. “I think it is important to help other people whenever you can.”
24．According to the text, which activity does a student at New Haven Fire Academy complete
A．Calculating the weight of suits. B．Hooking hoses to ladders.
C．Walking down the fire hydrants. D．Dealing with dangerous chemicals.
25．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A．Most students at the school are great team players.
B．Some firefighters are much more skilled than others.
C．Firefighters must work together to do the job successfully.
D．Firefighters are most successful when they work on their own.
26．Why do students at the Fire Academy have lessons both inside and outside the classroom
A．Because they make students overcome the fear of heights.
B．Because they teach students how to calm down in emergency.
C．Because they provide students with overall skills to save lives.
D．Because they get students to know how to wear heavy suits and equipment.
27．What is the writing purpose of this text
A．To inform the readers of the dangers of being a firefighter.
B．To introduce the activities at the New Haven Fire Academy.
C．To compare the New Haven Fire Academy to public school.
D．To persuade students to attend the New Haven Fire Academy.
C
Each year, more than 27 million. U. S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.
A U. S. government program started in 2012 offered schools’ money spent on cleaner school buses but not all schools could get it. Five years later, emissions from buses in the winning districts fell. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended ‘school each day’ in the winning districts, compared to the losing districts. Winning schools with higher rates of bus-riding kids had an average of 14 more students in class each day. And winning districts that replaced the oldest school buses They had an average of 45 more students in school each day.
Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 million fewer student absences each year.
There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health. A study done on adults showed that a brief exposure to diesel emissions reduced “network connectivity” in the brain. In other studies, such network-connectivity changes have been linked to worsened memory and mental tasks. A Washington State program upgraded pollution controls in old diesel buses. Afterward, fewer kids were hospitalized in those districts than in schools without bus upgrades.
Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the program. But schools in low-income areas, in tribal areas and, in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from older buses.
28．What can we infer about diesel school buses from the first paragraph
A．They have a short service life.
B．They operate cost-effectively.
C．They accommodate few passengers.
D．They do much harm to school children.
29．Why is the increase in school attendance small but important
A．It is a long accumulation. B．It is a winning condition.
C．It is a measuring standard. D．It is a student achievement.
30．How does the bus replacement bring better student attendance
A．By reducing the network connectivity.
B．By bettering the health state of students.
C．By improving student satisfaction with schools.
D．By meeting students’ demand for school bus drivers.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．The “network connectivity” in the brain.
B．The great work on cleaner school buses.
C．A U. S. government program for education.
D．Better attendance due to new school buses.
D
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.
The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”, although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.
Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection(内省) that is reflected in his works. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of desolateness(孤独，苍凉), longing, and the search for meaning in life. Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and existential des-pair.
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of every-thing that he writes-it has appeal to this basic humanity.”
Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only used by just 10% of the population. As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage.
32．What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2
A．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.
B．He accomplished various genres of literature works.
C．Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing.
D．His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature.
33．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.
B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.
C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.
D．The effect of Jon Fosse’s life on his writing style.
34．What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson
A．They explore the meaning of life.
B．They touch human’s deepest emotions.
C．They show the bond between humans and nature.
D．They appeal to readers to focus on personal feelings.
35．What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph
A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.
B．He has improved the international status of Norway.
C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.
D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an important piece of lifesaving equipment, a tall lifeguard chair is often seen on beaches, at lakes and community pools. 36 . The design of the lifeguard chair offers several advantages that help prevent swimming accidents and increase the safety of swimmers.
A lifeguard chair is often tall, sometimes with a ladder attached to one side. The height of a life guard chair has two distinct advantages. First, it offers the lifeguard an unblocked view of the water he/she is guarding, allowing him/her to watch swimmers carefully for signs of danger. 37 .
Some lifeguard chairs are quite basic, but others have several features to make the job of the lifeguard much easier. 38 . As lifeguards often work long hours in sunny locations, a sunshade can prevent them from severe sunburn. A lifeguard chair may also have hooks and compartments for lifesaving tools, making them easy to reach in an emergency.
Lifeguard chairs are usually made of wood. Nowadays resin is also used. 39 . Many lifeguard chairs are painted white to make them stand out from other objects around them.
40 , but it’s not the only thing lifeguards need. There are many other devices used by lifeguards to do their job correctly. For example, lifeguards often use a loudspeaker to warn swimmers against bad behavior. They may also prepare a first aid box to help injured people as well as protect themselves from harm.
A．But metal is rarely used as it heats easily in the sun and can cause discomfort
B．These devices can be fixed directly onto a lifeguard chair
C．Lifeguards may do other things besides guarding the pool
D．A lifeguard sits on it, keeping an eye on swimmers and the water
E．A lifeguard chair is a very important piece of lifesaving equipment
F．A lifeguard chair may feature a sunshade to protect lifeguards from the sun
G．Meanwhile, it helps swimmers identify the lifeguard quickly in case of emergency
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In an international spelling contest (竞赛) in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her 41 voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. They talked it over and 42 decided to simply ask her what she had said. By now, the girl knew she had 43 the word, but instead of lying, she told the truth that she had said the 44 letter — so she lost the contest.
As the girl walked off the 45 , the entire audience stood to their feet, clapping (鼓掌) to applaud her 46 . Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s good quality, even when it 47 her the contest. But the fact is that she 48 the biggest contest that day: the contest of her 49 .
Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we should do if we knew we would never get 50 . This young girl could easily have 51 and nobody would have known it but herself. But that’s just it: She would know she did wrong. It’s been said, “If you 52 , you make yourself cheap.” This young girl was strong and smart enough to 53 her own conscience (良知) and character more than the prize from a spelling 54 . Her pride was more important than any 55 others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to 56 herself and the choice she made in that moment will have long-lasting influence.
It’s so true that the choices you make today 57 you what you are tomorrow. Our children will 58 our behavior much more than our advice. So if we want them to 59 to be honest, we must show them the way by being honest ourselves. Remember, our kids are 60 what we do and how we live even when we don’t think they see or know.
41．A．high B．sweet C．tough D．soft
42．A．finally B．kindly C．secretly D．totally
43．A．forgotten B．mispronounced C．misspelled D．lost
44．A．correct B．wrong C．different D．same
45．A．stage B．studio C．test D．classroom
46．A．bravery B．honesty C．courage D．cleverness
47．A．cancelled B．cost C．offered D．wasted
48．A．achieve B．broke C．won D．defeated
49．A．talent B．knowledge C．understanding D．character
50．A．paid B．awarded C．caught D．reported
51．A．escaped B．lied C．changed D．answered
52．A．accept B．fight C．cheat D．insist
53．A．value B．touch C．learn D．play
54．A．contest B．champion C．judge D．expert
55．A．sense B．money C．respect D．benefit
56．A．come to B．adapt to C．discuss with D．live with
57．A．make B．change C．keep D．create
58．A．give B．take C．follow D．set
59．A．grow up B．bring up C．take up D．come up
60．A．recording B．inspecting C．correcting D．watching
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has adopted digital technology 61 (protect) ancient cliff carvings and paintings before their disappearance.
Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as 62 (they) correct locations. The digital information will be sorted and workers will conduct a disease analysis.
Rock carvings 63 (appear) before writing systems were invented. Now, more than 20,000 cliff paintings and carvings 64 were created by the ancestors have been discovered at Helan Mountain. The works record the lives of the people who lived 3,000 to 10,000 years ago. In general, 65 (image) of animals dominate (占主要地位), followed 66 humans, vehicles, plants, planets, fingerprints and abstract signs. The surfaces were 67 (chief) carved with stone or metal in the open air, 68 (expose) to weather beaten.
The protection of rock paintings and carvings is a worldwide issue. At present, there is no 69 (science)and technological means to prevent their disappearance. Some experts have predicted that by the end of this century, 70 quarter of the world’s rock paintings will disappear completely.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me, Marie Curie was the person I respect most. It is general acknowledged that Marie Curie is one of the greatest scientist in the world. Her discoveries are crucial to the later scientific research.
Marie Curie was interesting in science when she was young. After she graduated from university, she committed himself to her work with the objective of serve the whole society. Marie and her husband found the element radium, for that they were awarded the Nobel Prize. Not only was Marie the first female professor at the University of Paris, but she was also the first scientist win two Nobel Prizes in the world.
Madam Curie was intelligent, brave, strong-willed but never gave up. To sum up, she is a person I respect her most.
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
假定你是李华，你将参加校英语报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛。请用英语完成你的演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 这位科学家是谁；
2. 你崇拜他/她的原因；
3. 你从他/她身上学到了什么。
注意：1.词数 100 左右;
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
I’m glad to be here to make a speech.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第1页，共3页2024届高三英语高考模拟风向卷02
（全国乙卷）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is the boy at the moment
A．In his bedroom. B．In the bathroom. C．On a football field.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Peter, why did you put your football clothes on the bathroom floor I told you to put it straight into the washing machine. Get out of the bed and do it now please.
M: Okay, Mom. Sorry.
2．What does the woman think pretty
A．The city. B．The snow. C．The car.
【答案】B
【原文】M: There’s nothing good about winter. It’s always so cold and windy in this city at this time of year. I wish I had a car to travel in.
W: I think the snow looks pretty when it comes.
3．What is the woman doing
A．Working. B．Apologizing. C．Expressing her thanks.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Jerry, I’m sorry. Please forgive me.
M: Forget it, Beth.
W: I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings. What can I do to make it right between us
M: It doesn’t matter.
4．Where dose the conversation probably take place
A．In a hospital. B．In a school. C．At a drugstore.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Mrs. Stevens, my girl, Bridget, has been complaining of a sore throat and running nose. Could you please give her some extra attention today
W: Don’t worry. All the kids will be taken good care of here.
5．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Husband and wife. B．Co-workers. C．Salesman and customer.
【答案】B
【原文】W: How are things coming along with our new products
M: I'm having difficulties figuring out which age group we should target.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man invite Grace to do tonight
A．Attend a party. B．Go to the library. C．Go over the lessons.
7．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A coming exam. B．Some new emojis. C．A popular game.
【答案】6．A 7．B
【原文】M: Hey, Grace, it’s me. I texted you to ask if you would come to my housewarming party tonight, but you just texted back a strange emoji. What does it mean
W: It’s a “shaking head” emoji. I’ve got an exam tomorrow, so I have to stay in the library the whole day today. Sorry.
M: All right. The emoji really confused me. I’ve never seen that before.
W: Well, some new emojis were just released this month, including a “shaking head” and a “familiar goose”.
M: A “familiar goose”
W: Yeah, it was inspired by the hot puzzle stealth game — Untitled Goose Game.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．How often does the woman walk to work
A．Two days a week. B．Three days a week. C．Four days a week.
9．What does the woman dislike about shared bikes
A．The speed. B．The expense. C．The parking situation.
10．Where will the man go next
A．His office. B．His home. C．The subway station.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A
【原文】W: Do you still ride a shared bike from your home to the subway station
M: Of course I do. How about you
W: I do it on Mondays and Tuesdays. On Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays I go to work on foot. I think it is good exercise.
M: That’s a long way.
W: I count the steps on my smart phone, 15,000 each day.
M: Those things aren’t accurate.
W: Well, let’s just say I do a lot of steps each day. Steps are keeping me healthy.
M: Riding a bike is exercise as well. Plus, it’s cheap and quicker.
W: I love those shared bikes, but I hate to see them being piled up and blocking entrances and sidewalks.
M: So do I. The industry grew more quickly than anyone anticipated. Now I'm heading back to the office, so any good advice of exercise-cycling or walking I wonder which is the best form of exercise.
W: It’s hard to say. Either of them is helpful.
M: It makes sense.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is the man doing
A．Watching TV. B．Reading the newspaper. C．Surfing the Internet.
12．How many people were killed by the storm in Madagascar
A．19. B．48. C．130.
13．What is the problem in Malawi
A．Food can’t be sent to the affected areas.
B．Storm Batsirai is hitting the country.
C．No effort was made to help it.
【答案】11．C 12．B 13．A
【原文】W: What are you doing, Mike
M: I’m reading some online news about the tropical storm Ana. It has brought huge floods to Malawi, and caused nearly 200,000 people to leave their homes.
W: That’s very terrible. I hope nobody has got killed.
M: Unfortunately, at least 19 people died in Malawi, and hundreds were hurt after more than a week of heavy rain.
W: Is Malawi the only country hit by the storm
M: No. Madagascar and Mozambique have also been hit by it. In Madagascar, 48 people died, and 130,000 people were forced to leave their homes to shelters.
W: I’m sure the countries need help now.
M: You’re right. But heavy rain has stopped the government from transporting food to the affected areas, and it cut off Malawi’s main highway. What is worse, weather services in the area warned of storm Batsirai that is building in the Indian Ocean, and it may hit the countries in the coming days.
W: That’s horrible. I really hope there’ll be no more such extreme weather events in the world.
M: To prevent them from happening, we should do more for the environment.
W: I agree. But how
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where are the two speakers
A．In the office. B．In a car. C．At school.
15．Why is the man sleepy
A．He didn’t sleep well last night.
B．He didn’t sleep at all last night.
C．He slept late last night.
16．What’s wrong with the man’s father
A．He has some trouble with his heart.
B．He has a bad cough.
C．He has a chest pain.
17．What does the woman advise the man to do
A．Take more medicine. B．Do some exercise. C．Ask for a leave.
【答案】14．B 15．B 16．A 17．C
【原文】W: Take care! You are driving off the road.
M: I’m sorry I wasn’t noticing.
W: You seem to be quite sleepy. Did you sleep well last night
M: I didn’t sleep the whole night.
W: Why
M: I watched TV until midnight. I was about to go to bed when my father suddenly got ill. So I had to take him to the hospital.
W: Is your father seriously ill
M: Yes, very. The doctor says he has to stay in hospital for some time.
W: But what’s wrong with him
M: He has something wrong with his heart.
W: Why not ask for leave this morning I suggest you not go to work this morning and take a good rest at home.
M: No, I can’t. I’m still new in the office.
W: Then, let me drive the car.
M: Thank you.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．A．What causes fearfulness externally.
B．Why mice are particularly fearful animals.
C．Whether fearfulness is inherited or not.
D．How animals react to frightening situations.
19．A．They wandered around the box.
B．They bred again and again.
C．They couldn’t find a hiding place.
D．They remained close to one wall.
20．A．Some changes in the nervous system.
B．The interference from human beings.
C．The size of nerve cells in the brain.
D．The existence of certain nerve cells.
【答案】18．C 19．D 20．D
【原文】
This semester we’ve been looking at fear from biological perspective. While someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic, some studies done with mice indicated that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study for instance, a group of mice were place in the brightly lit open boxes with no hiding places. Some of the mice wandered around the box and didn’t appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn’t move. They stayed up against one wall, which indicates that they were afraid. When mice like this were bred with one another repeatedly, after about 12 or so generations, then all of the mice show similar signs of fearfulness. And even when the new born mice from this generation were raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, those mice still tend to be fearful. Now, why is this Well, it’s thought that the specific gene in animal bodies have influenced the anxious behavior. These genes are associated with particular nerve cells in the brain. And the degree of overall fearfulness in the mammal seems to depend in the large part on the presence or absence of these nerve cells. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way.
Questions:
14. What is the talk mainly about
15. How did some of the mice in the study show that they were afraid
16. According to the speaker, what leads to a mammal’s tendency to be fearful
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Post Office Locations & Hours
United States Postal Service (USPS) offers mailing and shipping services. Search for a USPS location near you to see the available services and holiday closing hours. You can also find smaller postal units, retailers that sell stamps, blue collection mailboxes, and 24-hour USPS kiosks (小亭).
USPS Holiday Service Schedule
All post office locations will be closed on Christmas Day (Dec.25) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1). Regular post office hours and mail delivery will resume (恢复) after each holiday. Business Customers: Check your Bulk Mail (大宗邮件) Entry Unit for hours of operation.
December 24 (Christmas Eve); December 25 (Christmas Day); December 31 (New Year’s Eve); January 1 (New Year’s Day). ●Local post office locations will be closed. ●Blue Collection Boxes: Mail will not be picked up. ●Regular mail will not be delivered. ●Priority Mail Express mail will be delivered.
Note:●Deliveries on Christmas Eve (Dec.24) and Christmas Day (Dec.25) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.
●Not a guarantee, unless otherwise noted. For Priority Mail Express shipments mailed from December 22 to December 25, the money-back guarantee applies only if the shipment was not delivered, or delivery was not attempted, within two business days.
●Deliveries on New Year’s Eve (Dec.31) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.
21．On which day can you mail things as usual at a local post office
A．Dec.24. B．Dec.25. C．Dec.30. D．Dec.31.
22．What should you do to get your mail delivered on New Year’s Day
A．Pay extra fees. B．Reserve in advance.
C．Call the local post office. D．Wait outside the post office.
23．Where is the text most likely taken from
A．A test report. B．A travel brochure.
C．An official website. D．An entertainment magazine.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了邮局地点和营业时间。
21．细节理解题。根据表格中的时间表可知，12月24日“Local post office locations will be closed.(当地邮局将关闭)”；12月25日“Blue Collection Boxes: Mail will not be picked up.(蓝色收集箱；邮件将不会被取走)”；12月31日“Regular mail will not be delivered.(普通邮件将不予投递)”，故只有12月30日可以像往常一样在当地邮局寄东西，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Deliveries on New Year’s Eve (Dec.31) and New Year’s Day (Jan.1) are made only in limited locations. An extra fee for those deliveries will be assessed.(新年前夕（12月31日）和元旦（1月1日）的配送只在有限的地点进行。这些送货将收取额外费用)”可知，元旦那天邮寄东西需支付额外费用，故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合文章标题“Post Office Locations & Hours(邮局地点和营业时间)”可知，文章主要介绍了邮局地点和营业时间，应是出自邮局的官网。故选C。
B
Most students spend their school days sitting at desks learning. Aurelio us Woolfolk, however, does a lot more than sit at a desk when he is in school. He climbs up high ladders, walks down the sides of buildings, and rides in a fire engine. He is learning to be a firefighter at the New Haven Fire Academy.
Woolfolk and 28 other students are currently learning what it takes to become a firefighter. For two days each week, the students sit in a classroom to learn the science of fires, how to calculate water pressure, and how to treat medical emergencies. During the other three days, the students go outside and learn how to hook hoses (塑料管，软管) to fire hydrants (消防栓), climb buildings, rescue people trapped in burning buildings, and many other things.
“Firefighters have to know lots of different things,” said Pablo Menendez, an instructor at the school. “We have to treat medical emergencies, know how to handle dangerous chemicals, and rescue people who have fallen from mountains.”
Teamwork is one of the most important lessons students learn at the school. “Working together saves lives,” said Capt. William Seward, the director of the academy. “Students need to learn that they are part of a team.”
Fighting fires is not easy. The suits and equipment a firefighter wears weigh about 40 pounds. Firefighters are very busy. In New Haven, they respond to 32, 000 emergency calls a year. Each time firefighters go out, they know they might not comeback. “That’s why the lessons learned here at the academy are so important,” said Seward. “What they learn here can save their lives.”
Firefighters know how dangerous their jobs are. Their training helps them overcome their fear of heights and fires. “When you’re up there on the ladder looking down, it’s scary,” said one student. “To do this job, you’ve got to wipeout the fear.”
Firefighters overcome their fear for one reason. “I wanted to help other people,” said Leah Harwin. “I think it is important to help other people whenever you can.”
24．According to the text, which activity does a student at New Haven Fire Academy complete
A．Calculating the weight of suits. B．Hooking hoses to ladders.
C．Walking down the fire hydrants. D．Dealing with dangerous chemicals.
25．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph
A．Most students at the school are great team players.
B．Some firefighters are much more skilled than others.
C．Firefighters must work together to do the job successfully.
D．Firefighters are most successful when they work on their own.
26．Why do students at the Fire Academy have lessons both inside and outside the classroom
A．Because they make students overcome the fear of heights.
B．Because they teach students how to calm down in emergency.
C．Because they provide students with overall skills to save lives.
D．Because they get students to know how to wear heavy suits and equipment.
27．What is the writing purpose of this text
A．To inform the readers of the dangers of being a firefighter.
B．To introduce the activities at the New Haven Fire Academy.
C．To compare the New Haven Fire Academy to public school.
D．To persuade students to attend the New Haven Fire Academy.
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在大多数学生每天上学坐在书桌旁学习时，Aurelio us Woolfolk和28位其他学生在纽黑文消防学院学习如何成为消防员的情况。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We have to treat medical emergencies, know how to handle dangerous chemicals, and rescue people who have fallen from mountains.(我们必须处理医疗紧急情况，知道如何处理危险化学品，并营救从山上坠落的人。)”可知，纽黑文消防学院的学生需要处理危险化学品。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Teamwork is one of the most important lessons students learn at the school.(团队合作是学生在这所学校学的最重要的课程之一。)”和“Working together saves lives(团队协作可以拯救生命)”可知，在消防学院学习的一个重要课程就是团队合作，只有团队合作才能够更好地拯救生命。由此可推测出，消防员必须进行团队合作才能做好工作。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For two days each week, the students sit in a classroom to learn the science of fires, how to calculate water pressure, and how to treat medical emergencies. During the other three days, the students go outside and learn how to book hoses to fire hydrants, climb buildings, rescue people trapped in buring buildings, and many other things.(每周有两天，学生们坐在教室里学习火灾科学、如何计算水压以及如何处理医疗紧急情况。在另外三天里，学生们走出去，学习如何预订消防栓的软管、攀爬建筑物、营救被困在燃烧的建筑物中的人，以及许多其他事情。)”可知，学生们在室内学习有关火灾等方面的理论知识，在室外进行实践。由此可推测出，学生们要在室内和室外学习是因为这可以让学生具备当消防员的专业技能和脑力，即全面的技能。故选C。
27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Aurelious Woolfolk, however, does a lot more than sit at a desk when he is in school.(然而，Aurelio us Woolfolk在学校里做的远不止坐在桌子旁。)”以及“He is learning to be a fire tighter at the New Haven Fire Academy.(他正在纽黑文消防学院学习当消防员。)”和第二段中的“Woolfolk and 28 other students are currently learning what i takes to become a firefighter(Woolfolk和其他28名学生目前正在学习如何成为一名消防员。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Aurelio us Woolfolk和28位其他学生在纽黑文消防学院学习如何成为消防员的情况，主要是想向读者介绍这一活动。故选B。
C
Each year, more than 27 million. U. S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.
A U. S. government program started in 2012 offered schools’ money spent on cleaner school buses but not all schools could get it. Five years later, emissions from buses in the winning districts fell. And a year after getting new buses, student attendance had improved in those districts. For an average district of 10, 000 students, about six more students attended ‘school each day’ in the winning districts, compared to the losing districts. Winning schools with higher rates of bus-riding kids had an average of 14 more students in class each day. And winning districts that replaced the oldest school buses They had an average of 45 more students in school each day.
Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 million fewer student absences each year.
There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health. A study done on adults showed that a brief exposure to diesel emissions reduced “network connectivity” in the brain. In other studies, such network-connectivity changes have been linked to worsened memory and mental tasks. A Washington State program upgraded pollution controls in old diesel buses. Afterward, fewer kids were hospitalized in those districts than in schools without bus upgrades.
Almost all U. S. school districts can apply for the program. But schools in low-income areas, in tribal areas and, in rural areas will get priority. Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from older buses.
28．What can we infer about diesel school buses from the first paragraph
A．They have a short service life.
B．They operate cost-effectively.
C．They accommodate few passengers.
D．They do much harm to school children.
29．Why is the increase in school attendance small but important
A．It is a long accumulation. B．It is a winning condition.
C．It is a measuring standard. D．It is a student achievement.
30．How does the bus replacement bring better student attendance
A．By reducing the network connectivity.
B．By bettering the health state of students.
C．By improving student satisfaction with schools.
D．By meeting students’ demand for school bus drivers.
31．What does the text mainly talk about
A．The “network connectivity” in the brain.
B．The great work on cleaner school buses.
C．A U. S. government program for education.
D．Better attendance due to new school buses.
【答案】28．D 29．A 30．B 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国校巴更新计划如何减少柴油污染，提高学生出勤率和健康水平。老旧巴士被指出对学生健康不利，新巴士实施后出勤有所改善。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“U. S. and Canadian kids get to school by bus. Most of those buses run on diesel (柴油) fuel, which give out pollution that riders can take in. Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it. Why Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows.”（美国和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽车上学。这些公共汽车大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所产生的污染会让乘客吸入。柴油校车内的污染水平可能比外面高几倍。为什么？污染可以从（校车）地板漏进来，或者从窗户吹进来。）可知，从第一段我们可以推断出柴油校车对学生有很大的危害。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those numbers may sound small, but they add up. And school attendance matters for student achievement. Almost 3 million U. S. kids ride school buses more than 20 years old. If U. S. school districts had replaced all of those older buses, there would have been 1. 3 million fewer student absences each year.”（这些数字听起来可能很小，但积少成多。出勤率对学生的成绩很重要。近300万美国儿童乘坐的校车年龄超过20岁。如果美国的学区更换了所有的旧巴士，那么就只有1辆了。每年减少300万学生缺勤。）可知，学校出勤率的增加很小却很重要是因为这是一个积累的过程。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There might be other reasons for better attendance. For example, maybe kids preferred new buses. However, the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health.”（提高出勤率可能还有其他原因。例如，也许孩子们更喜欢新公交车。然而，学生缺勤减少最有可能的原因是健康状况好转。）可知，公交车更换通过改善学生的健康状况来提高学生出勤率。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。全文主要谈论的是更换新校巴带来的更好的学生出勤率。文中详细说明了美国某些学区采取行动换新巴士后，学生的出勤情况如何改善，以及这一改变如何积极影响到学生的健康和学习成绩。尽管文中也提到了美国政府的项目和对大脑网络连接性的研究，但这些都是为了支持主题。因此D选项“Better attendance due to new school buses”（由于有了新的校车，出勤率提高了。）正确地反映了文本的主旨。故选D项。
D
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.
The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”, although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.
Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection(内省) that is reflected in his works. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of desolateness(孤独，苍凉), longing, and the search for meaning in life. Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and existential des-pair.
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of every-thing that he writes-it has appeal to this basic humanity.”
Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only used by just 10% of the population. As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage.
32．What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2
A．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.
B．He accomplished various genres of literature works.
C．Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing.
D．His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature.
33．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.
B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.
C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.
D．The effect of Jon Fosse’s life on his writing style.
34．What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson
A．They explore the meaning of life.
B．They touch human’s deepest emotions.
C．They show the bond between humans and nature.
D．They appeal to readers to focus on personal feelings.
35．What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph
A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.
B．He has improved the international status of Norway.
C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.
D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.
【答案】32．B 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威剧作家兼作家Jon Fosse因其“为无法言说的事物发声的创新戏剧和散文”而获得2023年诺贝尔文学奖，并且他在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,’ said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature. (诺贝尔文学委员会主席Anders Olsson说：‘他的文学作品涵盖了各种类型，包括大约40部戏剧和大量的小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物和翻译作品。’。)”可知，Jon Fosse在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。故选B项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. (Jon Fosse的创作灵感来源于他的乡村生活环境和个人奋斗，这些都深深影响了他独特的创作风格。)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了Jon Fosse的生活对其写作风格的影响。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. (他的特别之处在于他的作品的亲密性。它触及你最深切的感受——焦虑、不安全感、生与死的问题，这些都是每个人从一开始就面临的问题。)”可知，Jon Fosse作品的特别之处在于其触及了人类内心最深处的情感。故选B项。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage. (正如《卫报》所写，许多说尼诺斯克语的人把Jon Fosse视为‘某种民族英雄’，因为他捍卫了这门语言。Jon Fosse在全球舞台受到了认可，这提升了尼诺斯克语作为标准书面语的知名度和重要性。它将吸引更多的人关注尼诺斯克语文学，激励和鼓舞尼诺斯克语使用者继续保护和弘扬他们的语言遗产。)”可知，该段讲述了Jon Fosse促进了尼诺斯克语的发展和保护这一贡献。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an important piece of lifesaving equipment, a tall lifeguard chair is often seen on beaches, at lakes and community pools. 36 . The design of the lifeguard chair offers several advantages that help prevent swimming accidents and increase the safety of swimmers.
A lifeguard chair is often tall, sometimes with a ladder attached to one side. The height of a life guard chair has two distinct advantages. First, it offers the lifeguard an unblocked view of the water he/she is guarding, allowing him/her to watch swimmers carefully for signs of danger. 37 .
Some lifeguard chairs are quite basic, but others have several features to make the job of the lifeguard much easier. 38 . As lifeguards often work long hours in sunny locations, a sunshade can prevent them from severe sunburn. A lifeguard chair may also have hooks and compartments for lifesaving tools, making them easy to reach in an emergency.
Lifeguard chairs are usually made of wood. Nowadays resin is also used. 39 . Many lifeguard chairs are painted white to make them stand out from other objects around them.
40 , but it’s not the only thing lifeguards need. There are many other devices used by lifeguards to do their job correctly. For example, lifeguards often use a loudspeaker to warn swimmers against bad behavior. They may also prepare a first aid box to help injured people as well as protect themselves from harm.
A．But metal is rarely used as it heats easily in the sun and can cause discomfort
B．These devices can be fixed directly onto a lifeguard chair
C．Lifeguards may do other things besides guarding the pool
D．A lifeguard sits on it, keeping an eye on swimmers and the water
E．A lifeguard chair is a very important piece of lifesaving equipment
F．A lifeguard chair may feature a sunshade to protect lifeguards from the sun
G．Meanwhile, it helps swimmers identify the lifeguard quickly in case of emergency
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．F 39．A 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了救生员所用的救生座椅及其他救生物品。
36．前文“As an important piece of lifesaving equipment, a tall lifeguard chair is often seen on beaches, at lakes and community pools.(作为一件重要的救生设备，在海滩、湖泊和社区游泳池经常可以看到一个高大的救生椅)”主要讲述了救生椅出现的场所，空格处也应该是对救生座椅的描述，D项“A lifeguard sits on it, keeping an eye on swimmers and the water(一名救生员坐在上面，盯着游泳者和水)”承接上文，对救生座椅进行基本描述，其中的it指代前文出现的a tall lifeguard chair，前后语意连贯，D项符合题意。故选D。
37．前文“The height of a life guard chair has two distinct advantages. First, it offers the lifeguard an unblocked view of the water he/she is guarding, allowing him/her to watch swimmers carefully for signs of danger.(救生座椅的高度有两个明显的优势。首先，它为救生员提供了一个不受阻碍的视野，使他/她能够仔细观察游泳者的危险迹象)”可知，此处已经描述了救生椅的一个优点，空处承接的是第二个优点。G项“Meanwhile, it helps swimmers identify the lifeguard quickly in case of emergency(同时，它可以帮助游泳者在紧急情况下快速识别救生员)”讲述高高的救生座椅的第二点好处，用meanwhile连接，上下语意连贯，逻辑合理。故选G。
38．下文“As lifeguards often work long hours in sunny locations, a sunshade can prevent them from severe sunburn.(由于救生员经常在阳光充足的地方长时间工作，遮阳伞可以防止他们被严重晒伤)”中具体解释救生员在太阳下长时间工作需要防晒（sunshade），由此可推知，空处应说明救生员座椅有防晒措施。F项“A lifeguard chair may feature a sunshade to protect lifeguards from the sun(救生员椅可能有遮阳板，以保护救生员免受太阳的伤害)”提到sunshade，是防晒的东西，因此前后叙述一致，引起下文，符合逻辑。故选F。
39．空前“Lifeguard chairs are usually made of wood. Nowadays resin is also used.(救生座椅通常是木制的。现在也使用树脂)”说明的是救生座椅是用什么做成的，空格处也应该是关于救生座椅的材质的，A选项“But metal is rarely used as it heats easily in the sun and can cause discomfort(但很少使用金属，因为它在阳光下容易加热，会引起不适)”说明的是救生座椅的材质，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
40．空后“but it’s not the only thing lifeguards need. There are many other devices used by lifeguards to do their job correctly.(但这并不是救生员唯一需要的东西。救生员还使用许多其他设备来正确地完成他们的工作)”说明某个东西不是救生员唯一需要的，结合全文语境可知，说的是救生座椅不是唯一需要的，也就是说它很重要，但是不是唯一的，E选项“A lifeguard chair is a very important piece of lifesaving equipment(救生座椅是一件非常重要的救生设备)”说明了救生座椅是重要的，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In an international spelling contest (竞赛) in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her 41 voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. They talked it over and 42 decided to simply ask her what she had said. By now, the girl knew she had 43 the word, but instead of lying, she told the truth that she had said the 44 letter — so she lost the contest.
As the girl walked off the 45 , the entire audience stood to their feet, clapping (鼓掌) to applaud her 46 . Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s good quality, even when it 47 her the contest. But the fact is that she 48 the biggest contest that day: the contest of her 49 .
Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we should do if we knew we would never get 50 . This young girl could easily have 51 and nobody would have known it but herself. But that’s just it: She would know she did wrong. It’s been said, “If you 52 , you make yourself cheap.” This young girl was strong and smart enough to 53 her own conscience (良知) and character more than the prize from a spelling 54 . Her pride was more important than any 55 others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to 56 herself and the choice she made in that moment will have long-lasting influence.
It’s so true that the choices you make today 57 you what you are tomorrow. Our children will 58 our behavior much more than our advice. So if we want them to 59 to be honest, we must show them the way by being honest ourselves. Remember, our kids are 60 what we do and how we live even when we don’t think they see or know.
41．A．high B．sweet C．tough D．soft
42．A．finally B．kindly C．secretly D．totally
43．A．forgotten B．mispronounced C．misspelled D．lost
44．A．correct B．wrong C．different D．same
45．A．stage B．studio C．test D．classroom
46．A．bravery B．honesty C．courage D．cleverness
47．A．cancelled B．cost C．offered D．wasted
48．A．achieve B．broke C．won D．defeated
49．A．talent B．knowledge C．understanding D．character
50．A．paid B．awarded C．caught D．reported
51．A．escaped B．lied C．changed D．answered
52．A．accept B．fight C．cheat D．insist
53．A．value B．touch C．learn D．play
54．A．contest B．champion C．judge D．expert
55．A．sense B．money C．respect D．benefit
56．A．come to B．adapt to C．discuss with D．live with
57．A．make B．change C．keep D．create
58．A．give B．take C．follow D．set
59．A．grow up B．bring up C．take up D．come up
60．A．recording B．inspecting C．correcting D．watching
【答案】
41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．C 53．A 54．A 55．C 56．D 57．A 58．C 59．A 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述一个小女孩参加了单词拼写比赛，在比赛中，她勇于承认自己犯的拼写错误，虽然她没有赢得比赛，但她的诚实征服了所有的人。并且也告诫我们做人一定要诚实，必须以身作则，给孩子好的榜样。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于她的声音太柔和了，评委们不确定她拼这个词时用的是A还是E。A. high高的；B. sweet甜美的；C. tough艰苦的；D. soft(声音)柔和的。根据空后“the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E(评委们不确定她拼写的单词是A还是E)”可知，由于女孩声音太柔和，评委没有听清她拼单词时用的是A还是E。故选D项。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们商议了一番后，决定干脆问小女孩说的是什么。A. finally最后；B. kindly友好地；C. secretly秘密地；D. totally完全地。根据空前“talked it over(好好商谈)”以及空后“decided to simply ask her what she had said(决定直接问她说了什么)”可知，评委们商议无果，“最后”决定直接问女孩她说的是什么。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，女孩知道她拼错了单词，但她没有撒谎，而是说出实话，她说了那个错误的字母——所以她输了比赛。A. forgotten忘记；B. mispronounced发错音；C. misspelled拼错；D. lost丢失。根据上文“In an international spelling contest (竞赛) in America,an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word(在美国的一次国际拼写比赛中，一个11岁的女孩被要求拼写一个特定的单词)”以及下文“so she lost the contest(所以她输了比赛)”可知，此处是指女孩“拼错了”单词。故选C项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，女孩知道她拼错了单词，但她没有撒谎，而是说出实话，她说了那个错误的字母——所以她输了比赛。A. correct正确的；B. wrong错的；C. different不同的；D. same相同的。根据下文“so she lost the contest(所以她输了比赛)”可知，女孩告知评委们她之前说的是那个“错误的”字母。故选B项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那个女孩走下舞台时，所有的观众都站了起来，为她的诚实鼓掌。A. stage舞台；B. studio演播室；C. test测试；D. classroom教室。根据上文的walked off以及空后“the entire audience stood to their feet, clapping (鼓掌) to applaud her(所有的观众都站了起来，为她鼓掌)”可知，此处是指当女孩结束比赛，走下“舞台”时，所有的观众都站起来为她鼓掌。故选A项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那个女孩走下舞台时，所有的观众都站了起来，为她的诚实鼓掌。A. bravery勇敢；B. honesty诚实；C. courage勇气；D. cleverness聪明。根据上文“but instead of lying, she told the truth(但她没有说谎，而是讲了实话)”和第4题的分析可知，女孩知道她拼错了单词，但当评委问她拼单词说的是哪个字母时，她没有撒谎，而是说实话，尽管这个错误字母让她输了比赛；因此，观众是为女孩的“诚实”鼓掌。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，几十家报纸的记者报道了这位11岁女孩的优秀品质，尽管这让她输掉了比赛。A. cancelled取消；B. cost使丧失；C. offered提供；D. wasted浪费。根据上文“so she lost the contest(所以她输了比赛)”可知，女孩很诚实，承认自己说了个错误的字母，尽管诚实让她比赛失败，所以此处用cost sb sth表示“使某人失去某物”符合语境。故选B项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但事实是，她赢得了那天最大的比赛：她的品德比赛。A. achieved取得，实现；B. broke打破；C. won赢得；D. defeated打败。根据上文“Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s good quality(后来，几十家报纸的记者报道了这个11岁女孩的好品质)”可知，女孩的诚实赢得大家的赞誉，在品德这项比赛中她“赢了”。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实是，她赢得了那天最大的比赛：她的品德比赛。A. talent天赋；B. knowledge知识；C. understanding理解；D. character品质。根据上文“Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s good quality(后来，几十家报纸的记者报道了这个11岁女孩的好品质)”可知，女孩输了拼写比赛，但是诚实这一优良“品质”让她赢得大家的赞誉。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许对我们品行和诚实最大的考验可能就是：在知道自己永远不会被发觉的情况下我们会怎么做。A. paid支付；B. awarded奖励；C. caught察觉；D. reported报道。根据句中“Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we should do(也许对我们的品格和诚实的最大考验是我们应该做什么)”以及下文“nobody would have known it but herself(除了她自己没人会知道)”可知，此处是指在知道自己不会被发觉的情况下我们会怎么做是对品行和诚实最大的考验。故选C项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小女孩要说谎很容易，因为除了她自己没人会知道。A. escaped逃脱；B. lied撒谎；C. changed改变；D. answered回答。根据下文“nobody would have known it but herself(除了她自己没人会知道)”可知，此处指女孩要说谎很容易，因为除了她自己没人会知道。故选B项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人说：“如果你作弊，你就会让自己变得廉价。”A. accept接受；B. fight战斗；C. cheat作弊；D. insist坚持。根据下文“you make yourself cheap.(你就会让自己变得廉价)”可知，此处是指如果你“作弊”就会让自己变得廉价。故选C项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻女孩足够坚强和聪明，比起拼写比赛的奖品，她更看重自己的良心和性格。A. value重视；B. touch触摸，感动；C. learn学习，学到；D. play玩耍。根据上文“but instead of lying, she told the truth(但她没有说谎，而是讲了实话)”以及下文“Her pride was more important(她的自尊心更重要)”可知，小女孩更“重视”自己的良心和性格，而不是拼写比赛的奖品。故选A项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻女孩足够坚强和聪明，比起拼写比赛的奖品，她更看重自己的良心和性格。A. contest比赛；B. champion冠军；C. judge裁判；D. expert专家。根据上文“In an international spelling contest (竞赛) in America(在美国的国际拼字比赛中)”可知，此处指比起拼写“比赛”的奖品，她更看重自己的良心和性格。故选A项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的自尊比别人对她赢得比赛给予的任何尊重都更重要。A. sense感觉；B. money钱；C. respect尊重；D. benefit益处。根据下文的“others might give her for winning a contest(其他人可能会因为赢得比赛而送给她)”可知，此处指她把自尊看得比因为赢得比赛而获得别人的“尊重”更加重要。故选C项。
56．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她知道她必须接受自己的一切，她在那一刻做出的选择将产生持久的影响。A. come to来到；B. adapt to适应；C. discuss with和……讨论；D. live with接受。根据上文第15题的分析以及空格后“the choice she made in that moment will have long-lasting influence(她在那一刻做出的选择将产生持久的影响)”可知，此处是指女孩知道自己必须“接受”自己，不能让自己以后内疚。故选D项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你今天的选择造就你明日的自己，这话千真万确。A. make使成为；B. change改变；C. keep保持；D. create创造。根据上文“the choice she made in that moment will have long-lasting influence(她在那一刻做出的选择将产生持久的影响)”可知，作者认为你现在做出的选择将对你产生极大影响，今天做的选择决定了你明天的样子，此处用make表示“使 (某人、某事物) 变成……”符合语境。故选A项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们更愿意效仿我们的行动而不乐于听从我们的劝告。A. give给；B. take拿；C. follow效仿；D. set设置。根据空格后“much more than our advice(比我们的建议更重要)”以及下文“we must show them the way by being honest ourselves(我们必须诚实地为他们指明道路)”可知，作者认为要以身作则，因为孩子会“效仿”我们的行为，而不愿意听从劝告。故选C项。
59．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，如果我们希望他们长大后诚实，我们必须自己做到诚实给他们以榜样。A. grow up长大；B. bring up抚养；C. take up占据；D. come up走近。根据上文第18题的分析可知，我们必须以身作则做到诚实，才能给孩子做个良好的榜样，孩子们“长大后”成为一个诚实的人。故选A项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：请记住，即使是在我们认为孩子们没看见或不知道的时候，我们的孩子在看我们做什么，我们如何生活。A. recording记录；B. inspecting检查；C. correcting纠正；D. watching看。根据上文第18题的分析和上文“we must show them the way by being honest ourselves(我们必须诚实地为他们指明道路)”可知，我们应该注意自己的行为举止，给孩子一个榜样的作用，因为孩子在看我们做什么，观察我们的举止。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has adopted digital technology 61 (protect) ancient cliff carvings and paintings before their disappearance.
Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as 62 (they) correct locations. The digital information will be sorted and workers will conduct a disease analysis.
Rock carvings 63 (appear) before writing systems were invented. Now, more than 20,000 cliff paintings and carvings 64 were created by the ancestors have been discovered at Helan Mountain. The works record the lives of the people who lived 3,000 to 10,000 years ago. In general, 65 (image) of animals dominate (占主要地位), followed 66 humans, vehicles, plants, planets, fingerprints and abstract signs. The surfaces were 67 (chief) carved with stone or metal in the open air, 68 (expose) to weather beaten.
The protection of rock paintings and carvings is a worldwide issue. At present, there is no 69 (science)and technological means to prevent their disappearance. Some experts have predicted that by the end of this century, 70 quarter of the world’s rock paintings will disappear completely.
【答案】
61．to protect 62．their 63．had appeared 64．which/that 65．images 66．by 67．chiefly 68．exposed 69．scientific 70．a/one
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国西北的宁夏回族自治区已经采用数字技术来保护古老的悬崖雕刻和绘画，以免它们消失。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国西北的宁夏回族自治区已经采用数字技术来保护古老的悬崖雕刻和绘画，以免它们消失。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。
62．考查代词。句意：工人们复制了贺兰山2000多件不可移动的岩石雕刻和绘画，并将其整体视图及其正确位置数字化。限定名词，应用其形容词性物主代词。故填their。
63．考查时态。句意：在文字系统发明之前，岩石雕刻就已经出现了。根据时间状语从句before writing systems were invented可知，此处表示发生在过去某时之前的动作，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had appeared。
64．考查定语从句。句意：现在，在贺兰山发现了两万多件先人创作的岩画和雕刻。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为paintings and carvings，指代事物，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
65．考查名词复数。句意：总的来说，动物的图像占主导地位，其次是人类、交通工具、植物、行星、指纹和抽象符号。根据句子结构可知，此处应用其名词复数作主语，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。故填images。
66．考查介词。句意：同上。表示被动，过去分词followed后面应用介词by，followed by意为“接着是，跟随者”。故填by。
67．考查副词。句意：表面主要是用石头或金属露天雕刻，暴露在风吹雨打中。修饰动词carved用副词。故填chiefly。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，动词expose和主语之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语。故填exposed。
69．考查形容词。句意：目前，没有任何科学技术手段可以阻止它们的消失。修饰名词means应用其形容词和后文technological并列作定语。故填scientific。
70．考查冠词或数词。句意：一些专家预测，到本世纪末，世界上四分之一的岩画将完全消失。根据后文单数名词quarter可知，表示“四分之一”应用a quarter或one quarter。故填a/one。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me, Marie Curie was the person I respect most. It is general acknowledged that Marie Curie is one of the greatest scientist in the world. Her discoveries are crucial to the later scientific research.
Marie Curie was interesting in science when she was young. After she graduated from university, she committed himself to her work with the objective of serve the whole society. Marie and her husband found the element radium, for that they were awarded the Nobel Prize. Not only was Marie the first female professor at the University of Paris, but she was also the first scientist win two Nobel Prizes in the world.
Madam Curie was intelligent, brave, strong-willed but never gave up. To sum up, she is a person I respect her most.
【答案】1. was→is 2. general→generally 3. scientist→scientists 4. interesting→interested 5. himself→herself
6. serve→serving 7. that→which 8. 在win的前面加to 9. but→and 10. 将her删除
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者最尊敬的人——居里夫人。
【详解】1. 考查动词时态。句意：对我来说，居里夫人是我最尊敬的人。根据前文的are以及本句中的respect可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故将was改为is。
2. 考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为玛丽·居里是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。句中应该使用general的副词generally作状语，意为“普遍地”。故将general改为generally。
3. 考查名词。句意同上。句中构成one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数的结构，意为“最……之一”。故将scientist改为scientists。
4. 考查形容词。句意：玛丽·居里年轻时对科学很感兴趣。分析句子，句中be interested in为固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”。故将interesting改为interested。
5. 考查代词。句意：大学毕业后，她以服务全社会为目标投身于工作。文中居里夫人为女性，故使用反身代词herself。故将himself改为herself。
6.考查动名词。句意同上。分析句子，句中of为介词，后面应该使用动名词作宾语。故将serve改为serving。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：玛丽和她的丈夫发现了镭元素，并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。分析句子，句中构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句，引导词指代前文的镭元素，为物，关系代词用which。故将that改为which。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽不仅是巴黎大学的第一位女教授，也是世界上第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的科学家。分析句子，句中be+序数词+名词+to do为固定结构，使用不定式作定语。故在win的前面加to。
9. 考查连词。句意：居里夫人聪明、勇敢、意志坚强，从不放弃。分析句子，上下文为并列关系。故将but改为and。
10. 考查代词。句意：总之，她是我最尊敬的人。分析句子，person后是修饰它的定语从句，代替先行词在从句中作respect的宾语，应用关系代词who/whom/that，也可省略关系词，因此her是多余的。故将her删除。
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
假定你是李华，你将参加校英语报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛。请用英语完成你的演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 这位科学家是谁；
2. 你崇拜他/她的原因；
3. 你从他/她身上学到了什么。
注意：1.词数 100 左右;
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
I’m glad to be here to make a speech.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
I’m glad to be here to make a speech. The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou, the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
Her most outstanding contribution is the discovery of artemisinin, which is a highly effective cure for malaria. She convinces us the importance of doing basic research. Besides, her success tells us that we should stick to our dream. I want to be a scientist and spare no effort to save people’s lives, helping them enjoy a healthy life.
I do believe my dream can come true as long as I stick to it firmly.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文。 要求考生用英语写一篇演讲稿， 参加校英语报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛， 讲明这位科学家是谁， 考生崇拜他/她的原因是什么， 以及从他/她身上学到了什么。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
钦佩、 仰慕： admire→look up to
杰出的、 显著的： outstanding→remarkable
坚持：stick to→persist in
此外： besides→in addition
2. 句式拓展：
同义句转换：
原句： The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou, the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
拓展句： The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou, who is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】 Her most outstanding contribution is the discovery of artemisinin, which is a highly effective cure for malaria. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型 2】 Besides, her success tells us that we should stick to our dream.(运用了that引导宾语从句)
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