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2024年高一英语阅读理解专题素质拓展
主题2：Zeigarnik效应
【核心阅读材料选材：浙江省杭州市高级中学2023-2024学年上学期期末考试高一英语】
No one likes interruption. We are born to seek balance and order. No matter what it is that you are doing, being interrupted involves a forceful stop midway and then having to re-enter your former state, sometimes with great difficulty. Popular belief has it that interruption breaks the flow of your thinking and affects productivity negatively, and so it is advisable that you have an uninterrupted session of intensive work before your next break.
However, a Russian psychologist, Bluma Zeigarnik, might tell you otherwise. The connection between interruption and memory drew her attention when she was dining in a restaurant. She noticed how the waitresses had an amazing memory of the detailed orders yet to be paid for, but little memory of the orders that were already completed.
Back in her laboratory, she conducted studies in which subjects were required to complete various puzzles. Some of the subjects were interrupted during the tasks. All the subjects were then asked to describe what tasks they had done. It turns out that adults remembered the interrupted tasks 90% better than the completed tasks, and that children were even more likely to recall the uncompleted tasks. To put it another way, uncompleted tasks will stay on your mind until you finish them!
In comparison to tasks that were already finished and ones that we haven’t even started, half-done projects are highlighted in the mental to-do list our brains draw up for us. Zeigarnik described this finding in the late 1920s, which was later called Zeigarnik effect. One possible explanation is that with interrupted tasks, we are longing for them to be completed, in order to regain a sense of balance. Finishing them also means that we can finally clear up the mental backlog and give the space to more upcoming tasks.
Zeigarnik’s effect can be found everywhere, especially used in media and advertising. Have you ever wondered why cliffhangers work so well or why you just can’t get yourself to stop watching that series on Netflix Ernest Hemingway once said about writing a novel, “It is the wait until the next day that is hard to get through.” So next time, when you are interrupted, appreciate it and take advantage of it to promote your productivity.
【核心材料知识深挖】这篇文章探讨了干扰对人们思维和生产力的影响，以及Zeigarnik效应。
1. Seek balance and order - 追求平衡与秩序
2. Forceful stop midway - 中途强烈的停止
3. Re-enter your former state - 重新进入你的原状态
4. Interruption breaks the flow of your thinking - 干扰打破了你的思维流程
5. Affect productivity negatively - 影响生产力的负面
6. Uninterrupted session of intensive work - 未被干扰的密集工作时段
7. Bluma Zeigarnik - 布卢马·泽加里克（俄罗斯心理学家）
8. Interruption and memory - 干扰与记忆
9. Detailed orders yet to be paid for - 尚未付款的详细订单
10. Connection between interruption and memory - 干扰与记忆之间的联系
11. Puzzles - 谜题
12. Subjects were interrupted during the tasks - 在任务过程中打扰受试者
13. Remembered the interrupted tasks better - 更好地记住被干扰的任务
14. Mental to-do list - 心理待办事项列表
15. Zeigarnik effect - 泽加里克效应
16. Longing for interrupted tasks to be completed - 渴望完成被干扰的任务
17. Regain a sense of balance - 恢复平衡感
18. Mental backlog - 心理积压
19. Upcoming tasks - 即将到来的任务
20. Cliffhangers - 悬念
21. Can’t get yourself to stop watching - 无法让自己停止观看
22. Promote your productivity - 提高你的生产力
【核心材料好句赏析】
1. No matter what it is that you are doing, being interrupted involves a forceful stop midway and then having to re-enter your former state, sometimes with great difficulty.
无论你正在做什么，被打扰都意味着在中途遭遇强烈的停止，然后有时困难地重新进入你的原状态。
2. Popular belief has it that interruption breaks the flow of your thinking and affects productivity negatively, and so it is advisable that you have an uninterrupted session of intensive work before your next break.
普遍认为干扰打破了你的思维流程并且负面影响生产力，因此建议你在下次休息前进行一段没有干扰的密集工作。
3. She noticed how the waitresses had an amazing memory of the detailed orders yet to be paid for, but little memory of the orders that were already completed.
她注意到服务员对尚未付款的详细订单有着惊人的记忆力，而对于已经完成的订单则记忆很少。
4. To put it another way, uncompleted tasks will stay on your mind until you finish them!
换言之，未完成任务将一直萦绕在你的脑海直到你完成它们！
5. So next time, when you are interrupted, appreciate it and take advantage of it to promote your productivity.
所以下次当你被打扰时，学会欣赏它并利用它来提高你的生产力。
全文翻译：
没有人喜欢被打扰。我们生来就追求平衡和秩序。无论你在做什么，被打扰都意味着在中途遭遇强烈的停止，然后有时困难地重新进入你的原状态。普遍认为干扰打破了你的思维流程并且负面影响生产力，因此建议你在下次休息前进行一段没有干扰的密集工作。
然而，俄罗斯心理学家布卢马·泽加里克可能会告诉你 otherwise。当她在餐厅用餐时，干扰与记忆之间的联系吸引了她的注意。她注意到服务员对尚未付款的详细订单有着惊人的记忆力，而对于已经完成的订单则记忆很少。
回到实验室后，她进行了一系列研究，要求受试者完成各种谜题。一些受试者在任务过程中被打扰。所有受试者然后都被要求描述他们完成了什么任务。结果表明，成人记得被打扰的任务比完成的任务好90%，而儿童更有可能回忆起未完成的任务。换言之，未完成任务将一直萦绕在你的脑海直到你完成它们！
与已经完成的任务和甚至我们还没有开始的任务相比，半途而废的项目在我们的大脑为我们制定的心理待办事项列表中突出了。泽加里克在20世纪20年代末描述了这一发现，后来称之为泽加里克效应。一个可能的解释是，对于被打扰的任务，我们渴望它们能被完成，以恢复平衡感。完成它们也意味着我们终于可以清理心理积压，并为更多即将到来的任务腾出空间。
泽加里克效应无处不在，尤其是在媒体和广告中。你是否曾想知道为什么悬念如此有效，或者为什么你就是停不下来看那部在Netflix上的电视剧？欧内斯特·海明威曾关于写小说说：“难的是等到第二天。”所以下次，当你被打扰时，学会欣赏它并利用它来提高你的生产力。
积累相关主题的单词及词组搭配
1. Interruption - 打断
2. Seek balance and order - 追求平衡与秩序
3. Disruption of flow - 流程中断
4. Disturbance in concentration - 注意力干扰
5. Intermittent breaks - 间歇性休息
6. Disruptive stimuli - 干扰性刺激
7. Disruption management - 打断管理
8. Seamless workflow - 无缝工作流程
9. Uninterrupted focus - 不受干扰的专注
10. Unbroken concentration - 连续的注意力
11. Flow state - 流畅状态
12. Seamless transition - 无缝过渡
13. Distraction mitigation - 分心缓解
14. Sustained attention - 持续注意力
15. Intrusive interruptions - 侵入性打断
16. Severe disruption - 严重干扰
17. Cognitive disruption - 认知干扰
18. Interrupted workflow - 被打断的工作流程
19. Resumption of task - 任务恢复
20. Interruption recovery - 打断恢复
21. Cognitive load - 认知负荷
22. Productivity setback - 生产力倒退
23. Distracting elements - 分散注意力的因素
24. Mental resilience - 心理韧性
25. Task completion rate - 任务完成率
26. Task switching - 任务切换
27. Resilience to interruptions - 对打断的韧性
28. Attention restoration - 注意力恢复
29. Efficiency optimization - 效率优化
30. Intrusion detection - 干扰检测
31. Disruption avoidance - 避免干扰
32. Focused engagement - 集中参与
33. Task resumption strategy - 任务恢复策略
34. Interruption frequency - 打断频率
35. Task management techniques - 任务管理技巧
36. Distraction-free environment - 无干扰环境
37. Cognitive overload - 认知超载
38. Task prioritization - 任务优先级排序
39. Attentional resources - 注意资源
40. Intrusion prevention - 干扰预防
41. Attentional control - 注意力控制
42. Interruption impact assessment - 打断影响评估
43. Task switching cost - 任务切换成本
44. Resilience training - 韧性训练
45. Mental fortitude - 心理坚韧
46. Task fragmentation - 任务碎片化
47. Attentional capacity - 注意力容量
48. Interruption recovery time - 打断恢复时间
49. Cognitive flexibility - 认知灵活性
50. Task management efficiency - 任务管理效率
【外刊拓展阅读材料（难度较高，尝试阅读，重点学主题词汇搭配）】
Embracing Interruptions: The Zeigarnik Effect on Productivity
In the pursuit of productivity, interruptions often seem like unwelcome guests crashing our carefully orchestrated work plans. We meticulously structure our tasks, aiming for seamless progress and efficiency. However, delving into the intricacies of cognitive psychology unveils a surprising truth: interruptions might not always be detrimental to productivity.
The renowned Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik stumbled upon this phenomenon while observing waitresses in a bustling restaurant. Despite the constant interruptions, these waitresses displayed remarkable memory for pending orders, a stark contrast to their recollection of completed tasks. Zeigarnik's curiosity was piqued, leading her to delve deeper into the relationship between interruptions and memory.
Her subsequent studies revealed a fascinating insight: interrupted tasks tend to linger in our minds, demanding completion. Participants in her experiments demonstrated significantly better recall of interrupted tasks compared to completed ones. This cognitive quirk, later termed the Zeigarnik effect, underscores the human propensity to prioritize unresolved tasks, maintaining them at the forefront of our mental landscape.
The implications of the Zeigarnik effect extend beyond memory recall; it profoundly influences our approach to productivity. Rather than perceiving interruptions as disruptive nuisances, we can harness them as catalysts for enhanced focus and efficiency. By embracing interruptions, we acknowledge the intrinsic human desire for closure, leveraging it to propel our progress.
In practical terms, this means adopting a more flexible mindset towards interruptions. Instead of viewing them as impediments, we can integrate them into our workflow, strategically allocating time for both focused work and necessary interruptions. This balanced approach not only accommodates the Zeigarnik effect but also cultivates resilience and adaptability in the face of unforeseen disruptions.
Moreover, the Zeigarnik effect sheds light on the efficacy of storytelling techniques in various domains. Whether in literature, film, or marketing, the art of crafting compelling narratives often hinges on leveraging the human psyche's innate inclination towards resolution. Cliffhangers, suspenseful plot twists, and unresolved conflicts captivate audiences, exploiting the Zeigarnik effect to maintain engagement and anticipation.
In conclusion, the Zeigarnik effect challenges conventional notions of productivity, offering a nuanced perspective on the role of interruptions in cognitive processes. By understanding and embracing this phenomenon, individuals and organizations can optimize their workflows, harnessing interruptions as catalysts for creativity, focus, and ultimately, enhanced productivity.
（认）重点词组总结：
1. Unwelcome guests crashing our carefully orchestrated work plans - 不受欢迎的客人闯入我们精心策划的工作计划中
2. Meticulously structure our tasks - 细致地安排我们的任务
3. Aiming for seamless progress and efficiency - 旨在实现无缝的进展和高效率
4. Delving into the intricacies of cognitive psychology - 深入研究认知心理学的复杂性
5. A surprising truth - 一个令人惊讶的真相
6. Interrupted tasks tend to linger in our minds - 被打断的任务往往在我们的脑海中挥之不去
7. Cognitive quirk - 认知怪癖
8. The human propensity to prioritize unresolved tasks - 人类倾向于优先考虑未解决的任务
9. Harnessed as catalysts for enhanced focus and efficiency - 被利用作为提高专注力和效率的催化剂
10. A more flexible mindset towards interruptions - 对打断更加灵活的心态
11. Strategically allocating time - 策略性地分配时间
12. Balanced approach - 平衡的方法
13. Cultivates resilience and adaptability - 培养韧性和适应性
14. Leveraging the human psyche's innate inclination towards resolution - 利用人类心理对解决问题的天生倾向
15. Captivate audiences - 吸引观众
16. Exploiting the Zeigarnik effect to maintain engagement and anticipation - 利用泽格尼克效应维持参与和期待

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