资源简介

2024年备战高考二轮阅读理解
全国优秀模拟题阅读理解原题素材主题词汇搭配积累专题
{举一反三总结该主题下可能会在不同的阅读情景遇到的词汇及词组搭配，积累下来方便在其他类似主题的阅读中能快速阅读，减少遇到的阅读主题词汇词组搭配障碍，亦可在类似主题写作情景中运用}
【第一篇】
（2024年惠州市华罗庚中学模考D篇）
Next time you raise an eyebrow(眉毛) at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.
Scientific consensus(共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes,with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age.After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation(刺激) from other people is important as the“brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true-so people who share a home or workplace with their intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ level nosedive as a result.
Professor Flynn analysed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables“. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equality bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could get six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ,or allow it to fall, by ten points or more.He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.
【词汇】
1. Intelligence - 智力
2. Fixed - 固定的
3. Adulthood - 成年期
4. Environment - 环境
5. Genetics - 遗传学
6. Upbringing - 抚养
7. Consensus - 共识
8. Steady - 稳定的
9. Upgrade - 升级
10. Stimulation - 刺激
11. Intellectual - 知识分子的
12. Challenging - 具有挑战性的
13. Nosedive - 急剧下降
14. Disadvantage - 不利条件
15. Educational treatment - 教育治疗
16. Genetics - 遗传学
17. Early life experiences - 早年经历
18. Lifestyle - 生活方式
19. Socialize - 社交
20. Bright - 聪明的
21. IQ level - 智商水平
22. Specialized - 专业的
23. Analysis - 分析
24. Advantage - 优势
25. Disadvantage - 劣势
26. Conclusion - 结论
27. Determine - 决定
28. Remain - 保持
29. Link - 关联
30. Raise - 提高
31. Fall - 下降
32. Socialize - 社交
33. Interactive - 互动的
34. Cognitive - 认知的
35. Development - 发展
36. Engagement - 参与
37. Mental agility - 心智敏捷
38. Acquire - 获得
39. Critical thinking - 批判性思维
40. Problem-solving - 解决问题
41. Curiosity - 好奇心
42. Exploration - 探索
43. Versatile - 多才多艺的
44. Empirical - 经验主义的
45. Epistemological - 认识论的
46. Perspicacious - 睿智的
47. Erudite - 博学的
48. Sagacious - 明智的
49. Astute - 机敏的
50. Pedagogical - 教育的
【词组搭配】
1. Intelligence quotient (IQ) - 智商
2. Genetic predisposition - 遗传倾向
3. Environmental factors - 环境因素
4. Cognitive development - 认知发展
5. Early life experiences - 早年经历
6. Intellectual stimulation - 知识刺激
7. Critical thinking skills - 批判性思维技能
8. Problem-solving abilities - 解决问题的能力
9. Social interaction - 社交互动
10. Educational intervention - 教育干预
11. IQ advantage/disadvantage - 智商优势/劣势
12. Lifestyle choices - 生活方式选择
13. Brain plasticity - 大脑可塑性
14. Intellectual challenge - 知识挑战
15. Cognitive enhancement - 认知增强
16. Intellectual growth - 知识成长
17. Learning opportunities - 学习机会
18. Brain training - 大脑训练
19. Educational attainment - 教育成就
20. Cognitive reserve - 认知储备
21. Social environment - 社会环境
22. Peer influence - 同龄人影响
23. Career advancement - 职业发展
24. Mental agility exercises - 心智敏捷练习
25. Intellectually challenging tasks - 知识上具有挑战性的任务
26. Intellectually stimulating conversations - 知识刺激性的对话
27. Lifelong learning - 终身学习
28. Educational enrichment - 教育丰富
29. Intellectual engagement - 知识参与
30. Social learning environments - 社交学习环境
31. Career development opportunities - 职业发展机会
32. Cognitive flexibility - 认知灵活性
33. Intellectual curiosity - 知识好奇心
34. Cognitive diversity - 认知多样性
35. Educational resources - 教育资源
36. Intellectual pursuits - 知识追求
37. Stimulating intellectual environment - 充满刺激的知识环境
38. Continuous intellectual challenge - 持续的知识挑战
39. Brain health maintenance - 大脑健康维护
40. Cognitive enhancement strategies - 认知增强策略
41. Social intelligence - 社交智力
42. Cognitive improvement techniques - 认知提升技巧
43. Intellectual engagement activities - 知识参与活动
44. Lifelong intellectual development - 终身知识发展
45. Intellectual exchange - 知识交流
46. Brain exercise routines - 大脑锻炼常规
47. Educational empowerment - 教育赋权
48. Intellectual empowerment - 知识赋权
49. Cognitive wellness - 认知健康
50. Educational collaboration - 教育合作
【文章一原文翻译】
下次你对朋友、兄弟、姐妹或同事的观点表示怀疑时，请记住，他们可能会帮助你变得更聪明。最新研究显示，智力并非固定不变，而是可以在成年期通过家人、聪明的伙伴和智力挑战性的职业中得到提升。这项研究挑战了普遍认为智力在18岁左右固定不变的观念。
科学共识认为，智力受基因控制，环境因素如学校教育和营养在此年龄段起着一定作用。但詹姆斯·弗林，新西兰奥塔哥大学的教授，认为人们可以在一生中“升级”智力。他认为，来自他人的智力刺激很重要，因为“大脑似乎更像一块肌肉——你用得越多，它就越强壮”。然而，相反的也是真的——因此，那些与智力挑战相处的人，他们的智商水平可能会下降。
弗林教授分析了过去65年美国的智力测试，并创建了新的智商“年龄表”。他发现，一个十岁的聪明孩子，如果其兄弟姐妹智力平均水平，与一个同样聪明但兄弟姐妹都很聪明的孩子相比，智商会下降五到十个点。然而，智商较低的孩子可以通过与更聪明的兄弟姐妹和特殊的教育治疗来提高六到八个点。
弗林教授得出结论，虽然基因和早期生活经历约占智力的80％，但剩下的20％与生活方式有关。这意味着人们可以提高或降低他们的智商，达到十个或更多的点。他建议提高智商水平的最佳途径是与聪明的朋友社交，并找到一个智力挑战性的工作。
2
（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三下学期开学联考C篇）
Bottled water has long been marketed as a safe drink—if it doesn’t come straight from a mountain spring, it’s at least clean and free of chemicals. But a new study demonstrates that bottled water may not be so safe when it comes to microscopic plastic pollutants capable of passing into the bloodstream.
For years scientists have raised the alarm over microplastics, which form when plastics break down into increasingly smaller particles (微粒), ranging from five millimeters down to one micrometer. Previous studies have found that a liter of bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic particles. But they stopped at the one micrometer level due to technological restrictions.
The study used a new technology to find even smaller particles, and detected an average240,000 plastic particles per liter of bottled water. About 90% of the particles were considered nanoplastics, smaller than one micrometer. Unlike microplastics, they are capable of passing through some organs like lungs into the bloodstream. From there they can stay in the heart muscle and other organs, pass into the brain, and even into the bodies of unborn babies.
So far, little research shows what nanoplastics exactly do once they enter the bloodstream. But there is much evidence that chemicals used in plastic production are bad for human health. Even if nanoplastics themselves are not deleterious, they can serve as carriers for the dangerous chemicals, increasing the risk of cancer and impacting key organs such as the heart.
“There is a huge world of nanoplastics to be studied,” said the researchers. Even if nanoplastics make up 90% of the number of plastic particles found in bottled water, they make up far less in mass, they said. However, this fact provides little comfort: It’s the numbers rather than mass that matter; and the smaller things are, the more readily they can get inside us.
高级备用单词：
1. Marketed - 营销的
2. Pollutants - 污染物
3. Capable - 有能力的
4. Break down - 分解
5. Technological restrictions - 技术限制
6. Detect - 检测
7. Nanoplastics - 纳米塑料
8. Unborn babies - 未出生的婴儿
9. Deleterious - 有害的
10. Impacting - 影响
11. Carriers - 载体
12. Comfort - 安慰
13. Readily - 容易地
14. Alarming - 令人担忧的
15. Identifiable - 可识别的
16. Restrictions - 限制
17. Particles - 颗粒
18. Technology - 技术
19. Evidence - 证据
20. Production - 生产
21. Chemicals - 化学物质
22. Health - 健康
23. Mass - 质量
24. Risk - 风险
25. Cancer - 癌症
26. Organs - 器官
27. Muscle - 肌肉
28. Brain - 大脑
29. Researchers - 研究人员
30. Number - 数量
31. Comfort - 安慰
32. Fact - 事实
33. Matter - 重要
34. Smaller - 更小的
35. Inside - 在内部
36. Evidence - 证据
37. Technology - 技术
38. Detection - 检测
39. Particles - 颗粒
40. Research - 研究
41. Evidence - 证据
42. Chemicals - 化学物质
43. Impacting - 影响
44. Organs - 器官
45. Carriers - 载体
46. Risk - 风险
47. Cancer - 癌症
48. Unborn babies - 未出生的婴儿
49. Mass - 质量
50. Inside - 在内部
高级词组搭配：
1. Marketed as - 被推销为
2. Raise the alarm over - 对...发出警报
3. Break down into - 分解成
4. Tens of thousands of - 数以万计的
5. Due to - 由于
6. Used a new technology to - 使用新技术来
7. Detected an average - 检测到平均
8. Considered nanoplastics - 被认为是纳米塑料
9. Pass into - 进入
10. Stay in - 停留在
11. Pass into the - 进入
12. Serve as carriers for - 作为...的载体
13. Provide little comfort - 提供很少的安慰
14. Make up far less in mass - 在质量上远远少于
15. Get inside us - 进入我们的身体
16. Make up the numbers - 占据数字
17. Lead to - 导致
18. Carry out studies - 进行研究
19. Be bad for - 对...有害
20. Increase the risk of - 增加...的风险
21. Be linked to - 与...相关联
22. Impact key organs - 影响关键器官
23. Pose a risk to - 对...构成风险
24. Be harmful to - 对...有害
25. Have implications for - 对...有影响
原文翻译：瓶装水长期以来被宣传为一种安全的饮品——如果它不是直接来自山泉，至少它是干净的，不含化学物质。但一项新研究表明，当涉及到能够进入血液的微观塑料污染物时，瓶装水可能并不那么安全。
多年来，科学家们一直在对微塑料发出警告，这些微塑料是当塑料分解成越来越小的颗粒（从五毫米到一微米）时形成的。以前的研究发现，一升瓶装水中可能含有数以万计的可识别塑料颗粒。但由于技术限制，他们的研究一直停留在一微米的水平上。
这项研究使用了一种新技术来寻找更小的颗粒，并检测到每升瓶装水中平均有240,000个塑料颗粒。大约90%的颗粒被认为是纳米塑料，比一微米还要小。与微塑料不同的是，它们能够穿过一些器官如肺部进入血液。从那里它们可以停留在心肌和其他器官中，进入大脑，甚至进入未出生婴儿的身体。
到目前为止，很少有研究显示纳米塑料一旦进入血液会发生什么。但有大量证据表明，塑料生产中使用的化学物质对人类健康有害。即使纳米塑料本身并不有害，它们也可以作为危险化学物质的载体，增加患癌症的风险，并影响心脏等关键器官。
“有很多纳米塑料需要研究，”研究人员说。他们说，即使纳米塑料占瓶装水中塑料颗粒数量的90％，它们的质量却远远少于此。然而，这个事实提供的安慰很少：重要的是数量而不是质量；而且东西越小，它们就越容易进入我们的身体。
3
（2024年安徽省芜湖市模考C篇）
The increase in primate (灵长类动物) ecotourism is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys, according to a new study.
The study, led by the University of Portsmouth, looked at the impact of a single engine motor boat approaching a community of proboscis monkeys (长鼻猴). Those monkeys are unusual with their very long noses, which makes them appealing to tourists. And many of the boats carrying the tourists approach the primates quickly and loudly, often reaching the river banks just a few meters away from the wildlife.
The researchers conducted the experiment by approaching the monkeys in a motor boat with different speeds and travel distances — fast-close(approaching the monkeys for 10 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 14.4k m/hr), slow-close(approaching the monkey for 40 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 3.6 km/hr), and slow-far conditions(approaching the monkeys for 20 seconds when 100 meters away, at a speed of 3.6 km/hr).
The results showed that the monkeys displayed stress-related behaviors for longer in the fast-close and slow-close conditions and also reduced feeding as a result of the boat approaching in the fast-close condition. Once the boat started to approach, the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching (挠) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees. This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark, where they could face a higher risk of predation (捕食行为).
“Collectively, our findings suggest that the approach of a single motor boat led to stress in proboscis monkeys when they were approached as closely as 60 meters from the other side of the river, regardless of the speed of approach,” said Dr Marina Davila-Ross, lead author of the study.
The researchers thus propose that guidelines for primate tourism in the riverside areas should include an approach speed of no more than 4 km/hr within 100 meters of the proboscis monkeys. They suggest it is also important to keep a distance, preferably no closer than 60 meters away, from the monkeys.
“Such information might be helpful for tourists, allowing them to modify (修改) their behaviors when visiting the primates and when encouraging guide s to follow the guidelines,” Dr Davila-Ross added.
词汇积累：
1. Ecotourism - 生态旅游
2. Stress-related - 与压力相关的
3. Proboscis - 长鼻
4. Primates - 灵长类动物
5. Impact - 影响
6. Motor boat - 摩托艇
7. Approach - 靠近
8. Wildlife - 野生动物
9. Conducted - 进行
10. Experiment - 实验
11. Speeds - 速度
12. Travel distances - 行驶距离
13. Conditions - 条件
14. Displayed - 显示
15. Scratching - 挠
16. Predation - 捕食行为
17. Findings - 发现
18. Guidelines - 指南
19. Riverside - 河岸的
20. Modify - 修改
21. Behaviors - 行为
22. Encouraging - 鼓励
23. Approach speed - 靠近速度
24. Distance - 距离
25. Preferably - 最好地
26. Potentially - 潜在地
27. Collective - 集体的
28. Author - 作者
29. Predation - 捕食行为
30. Modification - 修改
31. Encouraging - 鼓励
32. Guidelines - 指南
33. Awareness - 意识
34. Conservation - 保护
35. Wildlife habitat - 野生动物栖息地
36. Sensitivity - 敏感性
37. Conservationist - 保护主义者
38. Collaboration - 合作
39. Impact assessment - 影响评估
40. Mitigation - 缓解
41. Sustainable practices - 可持续实践
42. Environmental management - 环境管理
43. Preservation - 保护
44. Endangered species - 濒危物种
45. Habitat destruction - 栖息地破坏
46. Human-wildlife conflict - 人类与野生动物冲突
47. Ecological balance - 生态平衡
48. Habitat fragmentation - 栖息地破碎化
49. Biodiversity loss - 生物多样性丧失
50. Ecosystem degradation - 生态系统退化
词组搭配：
1. Cause stress-related behaviors - 引起与压力相关的行为
2. Approaching quickly and loudly - 快速大声接近
3. Conduct an experiment - 进行实验
4. Display stress-related behaviors - 显示与压力相关的行为
5. Reduce feeding - 减少进食
6. Potentially cause - 潜在地引起
7. Face a higher risk of predation - 面临更高的捕食风险
8. Propose guidelines - 提出指南
9. Keep a distance - 保持距离
10. Be helpful for tourists - 对游客有帮助
11. Modify behaviors - 修改行为
12. Follow the guidelines - 遵循指南
13. Provide information - 提供信息
14. Allow tourists to modify their behaviors - 允许游客修改他们的行为
15. Be essential for conservation - 对保护至关重要
16. Raise awareness - 提高意识
17. Collaborate on conservation efforts - 在保护工作上合作
18. Assess the impact - 评估影响
19. Mitigate negative impacts - 缓解负面影响
20. Implement sustainable practices - 实施可持续实践
【翻译】根据一项新研究，灵长类动物生态旅游的增加正在导致猴子出现与压力相关的行为。由朴茨茅斯大学领导的这项研究调查了一艘单引擎摩托艇接近长鼻猴群体的影响。这些长鼻猴因其异常长的鼻子而与众不同，因此对游客具有吸引力。许多载有游客的船只会快速而大声地接近这些灵长类动物，通常会在距离野生动物仅几米远的河岸停靠。研究人员通过以不同速度和行驶距离的摩托艇接近猴子的实验进行了研究 — 快速接近（以每小时14.4公里的速度，当距离40米时接近猴子10秒），慢速接近（以每小时3.6公里的速度，当距离40米时接近猴子40秒），以及慢远条件（以每小时3.6公里的速度，当距离100米时接近猴子20秒）。结果显示，在快速接近和慢速接近条件下，猴子表现出了更长时间的与压力相关的行为，并且由于摩托艇快速接近的原因减少了进食。一旦摩托艇开始接近，长鼻猴会反复挠抓，并且经常迅速后退躲藏在树后。这可能会导致猴子离开其安全的睡眠地点，并深入到黑暗中的森林中，从而面临更高的捕食风险。该研究的首席作者马里娜·达维拉-罗斯博士表示：“综合来看，我们的研究结果表明，一艘单引擎摩托艇的接近会导致长鼻猴在距离河对岸60米的地方表现出压力，无论接近速度如何。”因此，研究人员建议在河岸地区的灵长类动物旅游指南中，接近长鼻猴的速度不得超过每小时4公里，在100米内接近时必须保持距离，最好不要靠近60米以内。“这样的信息对游客可能会有所帮助，使他们在参观灵长类动物时能够调整自己的行为，并鼓励导游遵循这些指南。”达维拉-罗斯博士补充道。

展开更多......

收起↑